必修第三册 UNIT 2 MORALS AND VIRTUES(课时作业Word)-【高考领航】2027年高考英语大一轮复习学案（创新版）

**基本信息** 聚焦高中英语阅读理解与七选五题型，以不同体裁语篇为载体，系统整合细节定位、逻辑推理等解题方法，构建“体裁-题型-方法”三维知识逻辑链，提升语言理解与思维分析能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解|11题（含细节、推理、主旨、观点态度）|细节题定位原文关键信息，推理题结合上下文逻辑分析，主旨题抓段落主题句，观点态度题通过情感词判断|涵盖夹叙夹议文、记叙文、说明文，从具体信息理解到深层逻辑推理，能力层级递进| |阅读七选五|5题|空格前后语义衔接，段落主题句匹配，代词指代关系分析|以“正直的人特征”为主题，考查语篇结构与逻辑连贯，体现“总-分”框架下的信息补全|

限时规范训练(13) (建议用时：30分钟　满分：42.5分) Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分) A (2025·河南五市模拟)My father's thrift (节俭) philosophy shaped my youth. Unlike peers receiving pocket money, I never got a penny—not from cruelty, but to build self­reliance. Each morning, he'd note, “Mrs Wilson needs her garden weeded; Mr Carter requires help sorting bottles.” I earned coins through seasonal work in the neighborhood: sweeping leaves, shoveling snow and babysitting. Savings filled the tin under my bed, its weight showing my growing pride. Though he occasionally borrowed for emergencies (a flat tire or a medical bill), repayment was exact and timely. When I lost two months' earnings in a failed lemonade business, his only words were, “Live and learn.” At twelve, I considered this cruel; at thirty, I value its wisdom—true lessons grow through doing. Modern thrift education focuses on saving, but ignores its key point: earning. Father believed “earned coins teach value; given coins generate greed”—a truth wealthy families overlook while advocating thrift. By delivering papers at dawn and mowing lawns at dusk, I learned that true thrift is a triad (三位一体)—earn through labor, save with intention, spend with care. This trio, unteachable in classrooms, roots in blistered (满是水泡的) hands and difficult situations. Locally, supermarkets throws outdated bread (still eatable) as shelters beg for donations. Witnessing global contrasts inspires my resolve: 1.3 billion tons of food go bad annually—enough to feed all the hungry—while 800 million starve. This phenomenon fuels my Food Rescue project—redirecting bakery remains to food banks and training youth to reuse deserted furniture for schools. Through such acts, thrift becomes social justice. As Father said, “Earning teaches respect for resources.” In our wasteful era, thrift transforms from personal discipline to collective duty. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者父亲的节俭哲学对其成长的影响，阐述了真正节俭的核心，并通过全球食物浪费现象说明节俭可成为社会正义。 1．Why did the author work for neighbors during his youth？(　　) A．To raise fund for his project. B．To help neighbors in need. C．To meet his father's principle. D．To solve weight problems. 解析：C　细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，作者在年轻时为邻居工作是为了遵循父亲培养他自立的原则。 2．What does the author now think about his father's words “Live and learn”？(　　) A．A plus.　　 B． A burden. C．A dilemma. D．A cruelty. 解析：A　细节理解题。根据第二段中“When I lost two months' ... grow through doing.”可知，作者现在认为父亲说的“吃一堑，长一智”是有价值的。 3．What is the main idea of paragraph 3？(　　) A．The role of true thrift. B．The examples of true thrift. C．The core of true thrift. D．The challenges of true thrift. 解析：C　段落大意题。根据第三段中“Father believed ‘earned coins teach value; given coins generate greed’—a truth ... intention, spend with care.”可知，该段主要阐述了真正节俭的核心。 4．Why does the author mention the global food waste data？(　　) A．To evaluate modern school systems. B．To stress thrift's application in society. C．To urge stricter laws against food waste. D．To compare different consumption habits. 解析：B　推理判断题。根据第四段中“Locally, supermarkets throws outdated ... thrift becomes social justice.”可知，作者提及全球食物浪费数据让人震惊，为的是强调节俭在社会中的应用。 B (2026·吉林一中模拟)The great elephant stands in the hot African sun. Slowly the beast lifts its head and its thick trunk delicately curls around the leaves of a nearby tree, pulling out the leaves and politely slipping them into its mouth. The beast's great grey skin is partly broken and aged from the African sun. Some mud drops on one side from its last trip to a nearby river. Its rough hair sticks out from all over its skin and two large, white tusks curve elegantly from either side of its mouth. Somewhere a lion roars and something else gives a loud high shout. A vulture (秃鹫) drifts over far above this world, barely a black dot in the sky. The buzzing of the countless bush insects seems to collectively shift up in high tune, almost like the whole of the savanna (热带草原) was singing some song that only they knew. I peer through the lens (镜头) at this scene. The zoom lens shows almost every detail of the elephant: the three small cuts in its left ear from playing as a baby around thorn trees, the scar down its front leg where a lion caught it unaware as a young adult, and weathering on its great, valuable tusks from decades of living in this unforgiving grassland on a dusty continent. And then the elephant looks at me. It looks at me with those big, eyelashed eyes with a warmth coming outwards from a vast, hidden depth there. I can suddenly feel its soul, and feel the line of elephants that came before this one, trailing back to the very beginnings of this great savanna. We will never understand what wonders this ancient being and its kind have seen and whispered to each other across the ages on this old, sacred grassland. It looks at me, and it looks through me and sees me. The elephant knows I am there. It always did. It is not running away, nor is it fighting. It accepts and forgives. It loves. But, mostly, it just feels sad. It feels sorry for me. I cannot do this anymore. I take my eye off the sights and hand the gun back to my partner. “Let's go home，” I said in a quiet voice, “let's just go home.” 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。作者在非洲草原，透过镜头观察一头带伤痕的大象。当大象看向作者时，作者仿佛感受到其灵魂及背后的历史传承。最终，作者放下手中的枪，放弃伤害大象的行为，决定回家。 5．According to the first two paragraphs, which word can best describe the elephant？(　　) A．Mysterious. B．Depressed. C．Aggressive. D．Graceful. 解析：D　推理判断题。根据第一段中“Slowly the beast ... into its mouth.”以及第二段中“Its rough hair sticks out from all ... side of its mouth.”可推知，根据前两段内容，大象的动作是优雅的。 6．When the author sees through the lens, he is ．(　　) A．deeply moved and filled with sympathy B．overwhelmed by the elephant's strength C．annoyed at the presence of other animals D．shocked and scared by the elephant's scars 解析：A　推理判断题。根据第四段和第六段内容可推知，当作者透过镜头看的时候，他是深深感动并充满同情。 7. What does the author intend to do initially？(　　) A．Take a picture. B．Observe the elephant. C．Hunt the elephant. D．Study African grassland. 解析：C　推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可推知，作者最初打算猎杀大象。 8．What can we learn from the passage？(　　) A．Nature calms our anger. B．Nature purifies our souls. C．Nature heals our wounds. D．Nature enriches our imagination. 解析：B　推理判断题。根据文章大意，尤其第六段中“I can suddenly feel its soul ... whispered to each other across the ages on this old, sacred grassland.”和最后一段内容可推知，我们能从文章中领悟到自然可以净化我们的灵魂。 C (2026·辽宁省名校联盟联考)When visiting a doctor a few years from now, you can expect to be accompanied by a virtual version of yourself.This so­called digital twin will be a working model of your body that can be displayed onto a physician's computer screen.Updated with your latest vital signs, it will help the doctor make an accurate diagnosis.It also opens the door for medicines and procedures designed specifically for you, increasing recovery rates. This might seem like fantasy, but the foundations are being laid.Researchers at Queen Mary University of London (QMUL) already use computer simulations(模拟)of the hearts of patients to assess different treatments for a heart disorder.It would be far too dangerous to experiment this way on someone's real heart. Digital twins are starting to pop up everywhere, monitoring the health of jet engines on airliners and letting carmakers shave years off the development of new models by simulating test drives and crashes.All this is being turbo­charged by recent progress in artificial intelligence (AI), which gives twins the ability to make predictions about their physical counterparts (对应的事物), and fine­tune themselves on new information. Digital twins began as basic computer models of physical objects and systems and have become more advanced with computers becoming more powerful.Complex design and modelling software means many physical objects initially take shape in the virtual world.Small sensors feed twins with real­time data, ensuring that they mirror their physical counterparts. Digital twins make it easier for humans to tackle complex problems，allowing people to peer into the future, spotting problems before they materialize and testing wild ideas without real­world consequences.For businesses, this should mean better designs and operations.For society, the promise is equally appealing: personalized health care, and clues as to how the planet might avoid environmental catastrophe. Could these virtual twins go out of control? They might if they are programmed badly, or hacked into.Digital twins will gobble up (吞噬) mountains of data, some of it wrong or prejudiced and much of it raising concerns about privacy.Yet these risks are not specific to digital twins.They apply to all emerging technologies, as they always have and always will.The emergence of the digital mirror world will doubtless raise new questions, but its potential advantages are already plain to see. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是数字孪生技术的发展及所产生的影响。 8．What is the main function of a digital twin of a patient？(　　) A．To replace the patient in doctor visits. B．To track the results of physical checkups. C．To assist doctors in making accurate diagnoses. D．To store all the patient's past medical records. 解析：C　细节理解题。根据第一段中“Updated with your latest vital signs, it will help the doctor make an accurate diagnosis.”可知，数字孪生可以帮助医生做出准确的诊断。故选C。 9．Why do researchers at QMUL use computer simulations of hearts？(　　) A．It can reduce the cost of the operation. B．It is more convenient than using real hearts. C．It can help increase patients' recovery rates. D．It can avoid the risk of experimenting on real hearts. 解析：D　细节理解题。根据第二段中“It would be far too dangerous to experiment this way on someone's real heart.”可知，直接在人的心脏上做实验很危险，而使用模拟心脏可以避免这种风险。故选D。 10．How does AI contribute to the development of digital twins？(　　) A．It creates the basic computer models of physical systems. B．It offers the ability to forecast and adjust based on new data. C．It enables the perfect simulation of all physical objects. D．It tackles the complex problems in the real­world application. 解析：B　细节理解题。根据第三段中“All this is being turbo­charged...themselves on new information.”可知，人工智能(AI)技术的最新发展赋予了数字孪生预测实体状态并依据最新数据实现自我优化的能力。故选B。 11．What is the author's attitude towards the digital twins？(　　) A．Cautious. B． Indifferent. C．Optimistic. D．Critical. 解析：C　观点态度题。根据最后一段中“Yet these risks are not...potential advantages are already plain to see.”可知，作者对于数字孪生技术是乐观认可的态度。故选C。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每小题2.5分) (2026·河北部分高中联考) How Are People with Integrity Unique from Others? Every person can show integrity once or twice, but there is something different about those who routinely show integrity in every key decision of their life. 1 They are honest like none other. One cannot have integrity without being honest; honesty and integrity are directly related to each other. While honesty serves as the foundation, it is sometimes very challenging to be honest. Honesty requires individuals to confront (面对) others, tell them difficult things, and also admit difficult truths about themselves. 2 They never make rash decisions. What does practicing integrity really mean? It means individuals must be very thoughtful when making decisions and never make rash ones. They have to check whether the decisions they are making truly reflect their core beliefs. 3 Once individuals start practicing integrity, making such fast decisions becomes much easier. 4 Consistency is a critical part of integrity. Since a set of morals and ethics guides them, their friends and family will rely on them and believe in the decisions they make in life. This means that even in the moments when everything seems unpredictable, they will be able to make smart decisions for themselves and others. They are open­minded. The morals and ethics people develop in their early life do not always remain the same; they will change with time and situations. In life, people meet different individuals and encounter different things, and these moments alter their beliefs and morals. 5 Individuals should take in new information and grow with every situation. Trust that no one wants to be a stick in the mud, unwilling to evolve and change. A．They are more patient than others. B．They are extremely reliable and trustworthy. C．Expanding one's mind is a big part of integrity. D．That is precisely why integrity is hard to achieve. E．These people are special and have some typical features. F．Making fast decisions is likely to lead to making mistakes. G．It does not mean people with integrity cannot make fast decisions. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了诚实正直的人的一些典型特征。 1．解析：E　上文“Every person can show ... decision of their life.”提到在生活中的每个关键决定中都经常表现出正直的人有所不同，下文具体介绍了这些人的特点，E项“这些人很特别，有一些典型的特征。”承上启下，符合语境。 2．解析：D　上文“While honesty serves as the ... truths about themselves.”提到诚实有时很难做到，并解释了原因，D项“这正是诚实难以实现的原因。”总结上文，符合语境。 3．解析：G　根据下文“Once individuals start practicing integrity, making such fast decisions becomes much easier.”可知，一旦多加练习，快速作出决定就变得容易，G项“这并不意味着正直的人不能快速作出决定。”和下文语义一致。 4．解析：B　根据下文“Consistency is a critical ... they make in life.”可知，本段是说正直的人值得依赖，B项“他们非常可靠，值得信赖。”符合语境。 5．解析：C　根据本段主题句“They are open­minded.”和空后“Individuals should take in new information and grow with every situation.”可知，本段是说正直的人会兼收并蓄各种思想，从而获得成长，C项“开拓思想是正直的重要组成部分。”符合本段主题。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $