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Unit 3 Smart Learning 课文要点全解(知识点讲解+翻译+巩固练习) Section A 知识点1:Smart Learning(智慧学习)——P.21 单元标题 教材原句: Smart Learning(P.21 单元标题)智慧学习 What makes a good learner?(P.21 单元大问题)什么造就了一个好的学习者? 讲解: _ [形容词] 聪明的;智能的 _ 智慧学习(指利用有效的方法和策略进行学习) _ [可数名词] 学习者 由 learn(学习)+ -er(表示人的后缀)构成。 _ [动词] 学习;学会 _ [不可数名词] 学习 翻译: _. 她是一个聪明的女孩。 _ . 他学东西很快。 巩固练习: 用 learn / learner / learning / smart 填空。 1. She is a _ girl. 2. He is a fast _. 3. _ is a lifelong journey. 4. We should _ from our mistakes. 知识点2:learning tip(学习建议)——P.22 1a 教材原句: Look at these learning tips.(P.22 1a)看这些学习建议。 讲解: _ [可数名词] ①建议;提示 ②尖端;小费 _ 学习建议 _ 做笔记 _ [动词] 复习;回顾 [名词] 复习;评论 _ 设定目标 翻译: _. 这里有一些有用的学习建议。 _. 你应该每天复习所学内容。 巩固练习: 根据汉语提示完成句子。 1. 这里有一些有用的学习建议。 Here are some useful _ _. 2. 你应该每天复习所学内容。 You should _ what you have learnt every day. 3. 他设定了新的目标。 He _ new _. 知识点3:review(复习)——P.22 1a 教材原句: review key ideas(P.22 1a)复习要点 讲解: _ [动词] 复习;回顾 [名词] 复习;评论 _ 为……而复习 翻译: _. 考试前我需要复习我的笔记。 _. 让我们快速复习一下昨天所学的内容。 巩固练习: 用 review 的适当形式填空。 1. I need to _ my notes before the test. 2. Let's have a quick _ of what we learned yesterday. 3. She is _ for the final exam. 知识点4:flashcard(闪卡)——P.22 1a 教材原句: I like to learn new words by using flashcards.(P.22 1a)我喜欢用闪卡来学习新单词。 Flashcards are useful because you can take them anywhere.(P.23 2c) 闪卡很有用,因为你可以把它们带到任何地方。 讲解: _ [可数名词] 闪卡(教学用卡片,正面写单词,背面写释义) 由 flash(闪光)+ card(卡片)构成。 _ 通过使用闪卡(by doing sth表示方式) 翻译: _. 我用闪卡来记忆新单词。 _. 制作闪卡是一种好的学习方式。 巩固练习: 根据汉语提示完成句子。 1. 我用闪卡来记忆新单词。 I use _ to remember new words. 2. 制作闪卡是一种好的学习方式。 Making _ is a good way to study. 3. 闪卡很有用。 _ are useful. 知识点5:study for(为……而学)——P.22 1d 教材原句: Talk about how you study for the school subjects mentioned above.(P.22 1d) 谈论你如何为上述学校科目而学习。 讲解: _ 为……而学;为……备考 _ 为考试而学习 翻译: _. 她正在为考试而学习。 _. 我需要为历史考试而学习。 巩固练习:根据汉语提示完成句子。 1. 她正在为考试而学习。 She is _ _ the exam. 2. 我需要为历史考试而学习。 I need to_ _ my history test. 知识点6:look up(查阅)——P.23 2a 教材原句: look up words in a dictionary(P.21 2a)在词典中查阅单词 讲解: _ 查阅;查找(单词、信息等) _ 抬头看 _ 钦佩;仰慕(已学) 翻译: _. 如果你不认识这个单词,在词典里查一下。 _. 他抬起头,对我笑了笑。 巩固练习: 用 look up / look up to 填空。 1. If you don't know the word, _ it _ in the dictionary. 2. He _ and smiled at me. 3. I _ my teachers. 知识点7:take part in(参加)——P.23 2a 教材原句: take part in class discussions(P.21 2a)参加课堂讨论 讲解: _ 参加(活动、比赛等) _ 参加(组织、团体、某人) _ 出席(会议、讲座、学校等) 【辨析】take part in / join / attend 词项 含义 用法 take part in 参加 join 加入 attend 出席 翻译: _. 她参加了学校运动会。 _. 他参军了。 _. 我昨天出席了会议。 巩固练习: 用 take part in / join / attend 的适当形式填空。 1. She _ the school sports meet last week. 2. He _ the army two years ago. 3. I _ the meeting yesterday. 4. Would you like to _ us for dinner? 知识点8:read aloud(大声朗读)——P.23 2a 教材原句: read aloud to practise speaking(P.21 2a)大声朗读来练习口语 讲解: _ 大声朗读 _ [副词] 出声地;大声地 _ [形容词] 大声的 [副词] 大声地 _ [副词] 响亮地;大声地 【辨析】aloud / loud / loudly 词项 含义 用法 aloud 出声地;大声地 loud 大声的/地 loudly 响亮地 翻译: _. 请大声朗读课文。 _. 她说话声音足够大,每个人都能听到。 _. 不要在图书馆里那么大声说话。 巩固练习:用 aloud / loud / loudly 填空。 1. Please read the text_. 2. She spoke _ enough for everyone to hear. 3. Don't talk so _ in the library. 知识点9:in general(总的来说;一般而言)——P.23 2c 教材原句:Reading is important for learning in general.(P.23 2c)总的来说,阅读对学习很重要。 讲解: _意为“总的来说;一般而言;大体上”。 _ [形容词] 总的;大体的;普遍的 _ [副词] 一般地;通常 _还可以作可数名词,意为“将军”。 【常见搭配】 结构 含义 例句 总的来说;一般而言 In general, I agree with you. 一般来说 Generally speaking, boys like sports. 大意;主旨 Can you tell me the general idea of this passage? 一般而言;通常 As a general rule, we don‘t allow eating in class. 【辨析】in general / generally speaking 词项 含义 用法 in general 总的来说;一般而言 generally speaking 一般来说 翻译: _. 总的来说,中国人民友好且勤劳。 _. 一般来说,女孩比男孩更细心。 _? 你能告诉我这篇文章的大意吗? 巩固练习: 一、根据汉语提示完成句子。 1. 总的来说,我同意你的看法。 _ _, I agree with you. 2. 总的来说,中国人民友好且勤劳。 _ _, Chinese people are friendly and hard-working. 3. 你能告诉我这篇文章的大意吗? Can you tell me the _ idea of this passage? 4. 我认为总的来说,阅读对学习很重要。 I believe reading is important for learning _ _. 二、用 in general / generally speaking 填空。 1. _, I agree with you. 2. _, girls are more careful than boys. 3. He is a good student _. 知识点10:find it + 形容词 + to do sth(发现做某事……)——P.23 2d 教材原句: I find it difficult to follow conversations.(P.23 2d)我发现跟上对话很难。 讲解: find it + 形容词 + to do sth 意为“发现做某事是……的”。 该结构中,it 作_,真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式短语_。 句型结构分析: 成分 说明 例句 find I find... it ...it... 形容词 ...difficult... to do sth ...to follow conversations. 【常见接it作形式宾语的动词】 动词 含义 例句 发现;觉得 I find it easy to learn English. 认为 I think it important to study hard. 使…… The news made it clear that we should leave. 认为 We consider it necessary to tell the truth. 觉得 I feel it my duty to help others. 【拓展】it作形式宾语的其他结构 结构 含义 例句 find it + 名词 + to do 发现做某事是…… I find it a pleasure to work with you. find it + 形容词 + that从句 发现…… I find it surprising that he passed the exam. 【辨析】find it + 形容词 + to do / find + that从句 结构 含义 例句 find it + 形容词 + to do 发现做某事是……的 I find it difficult to learn maths. find + that从句 发现…… I find that maths is difficult. 翻译: _. 我发现学英语很容易。 _. 我认为努力学习很重要。 _. 电脑使发送邮件变得很快。 巩固练习: 一、用所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. I find it easy _(learn)English. 2. I think it important _(study)hard. 3. She found it interesting _(read)this book. 4. Computers make it fast _(send)emails. 5. I find it difficult _(follow)conversations. 二、根据汉语提示完成句子。 1. 我发现学英语很容易。 I _ it easy _ _ English. 2. 我认为努力学习很重要。 I _ it important _ _ hard. 3. 我发现跟上对话很难。 I _ it difficult _ _ conversations. 4. 她发现读这本书很有趣。 She _ it interesting _ _ this book. 三、单项选择。 He found _ very interesting to visit Harbin in winter. A. this B. that C. it 知识点11:need(需要)——P.24 3a 教材原句: I think first you need to become an active learner.(P.24 3a)我认为首先你需要成为一个主动学习者。 讲解: need 既可以作_,也可以作_。 一、need 作实义动词 有人称、数和时态的变化,后接不定式或动名词。 结构 含义 例句 需要做某事(主语是人) I need to study hard. 需要被做(主语是物,表被动) The room needs cleaning. 需要某人做某事 I need you to help me. 二、need 作情态动词 后接动词原形,常用于否定句和疑问句,无人称和数的变化。 结构 含义 例句 需要做某事 Need I go now? 不必做某事 You needn’t worry about me. 【辨析】need to do / need doing 结构 含义 用法 need to do need doing need sb to do 例句对比: I need to clean the room. 我需要打扫房间。(我主动打扫) The room needs cleaning. 房间需要被打扫。(房间需要被清理) I need you to help me. 我需要你帮助我。 【辨析】need作实义动词 vs. 情态动词 用法 结构 否定式 疑问式 实义动词 情态动词 翻译: _. 她需要先完成作业。 _. 这些花需要浇水了。 _. 你不必来这么早。 巩固练习: 一、用 need 的适当形式填空。 1. I _ to study hard. 2. The room _ cleaning. 3. I _ you to help me. 4. You _ worry about me. 5. _ I go now? 二、根据汉语提示完成句子。 1. 我认为首先你需要成为一个主动学习者。 I think first you _ _ become an active learner. 2. 房间需要被打扫。 The room _ _. 3. 你不必来这么早。 You _ _ so early. 4. 我需要重复这个问题吗? _ I _ the question? 三、用 need / needn‘t 的适当形式填空。 1. The flowers _ watering. 2. We _ hurry. We have enough time. 3. She _ to finish her homework first. 4. _ I repeat the question? 知识点12:active learner(主动学习者)——P.24 3a 教材原句: I think first you need to become an active learner.(P.24 3a) 我认为首先你需要成为一个主动学习者。 Which of these active learning tips does Binbin follow?(P.24 3b) 宾宾遵循了哪些主动学习建议? 讲解: _ [形容词] 积极的;主动的 _主动学习者(指主动参与学习过程的人) _ [副词] 积极地 _ [可数名词] 活动 _ [可数名词] 一件/多件具体行为:an action/actions _ [不可数名词] 泛指抽象行动、理化作用:take atcion 翻译: _. 她在课堂上很活跃。 _. 我们应该主动学习。 巩固练习: 用 active / actively / activity 填空。 1. She is an _ student in class. 2. We should learn _. 3. We have many after-school _. 知识点13:have difficulties (in) doing sth (做某事有困难)——P.24 3b 教材原句: Be positive when you have difficulties.(P.24 3b)遇到困难时保持积极态度。 讲解: _做某事有困难 _做某事有困难 _做某事有问题 _ 做某事很艰难 _做某事很开心 difficulty / trouble / problems 在此结构中均为不可数名词或复数形式,表示“困难;麻烦”。 【句型结构】 结构 含义 例句 做某事有困难 I have difficulty learning English. 做某事有困难 She has trouble solving the problem. 做某事有问题 He has problems getting along with others. 做某事很艰难 They had a hard time finding the way. 做某事很开心 We have fun playing together. 【注意】 介词 in 可以省略。 后接动名词(-ing形式),不接不定式。 have difficulty to do(错误) have difficulty doing(正确) 翻译: _. 我记新单词有困难。 _. 她理解语法有困难。 巩固练习: 一、用所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. I have trouble _(learn)English. 2. She has difficulty _(solve)the problem. 3. He has problems _(get)along with others. 4. We had a hard time _(find)the way. 5. We have fun _(play)together. 二、根据汉语提示完成句子。 1. 我记新单词有困难。 I have trouble _ new words. 2. 她理解语法有困难。 She has difficulty _ the grammar. 3. 我们很容易就找到了你的房子。 We had _ trouble _ your house. 知识点14:put off(推迟)——P.24 3b 教材原句: Cathy often puts off working on her project to the last day.(P.24 3b) 凯茜经常把她的项目推迟到最后一天才做。 讲解: _推迟;拖延 _推迟做某事 翻译: _. 不要把今天的工作推迟到明天。 _. 她推迟了做决定。 巩固练习: 根据汉语提示完成句子。 1. 不要把今天的工作推迟到明天。 Don't_ _ today's work until tomorrow. 2. 她推迟了做决定。 She_ _ making a decision. 知识点15:宾语从句(that, if, whether)——P.25 4a 教材原句: I believe that reading is important for learning.(P.25 4a)我相信阅读对学习很重要。 I think that the best way is to do maths problems.(P.25 4a)我认为最好的方法是做数学题。 Peter finds that he can connect physics with something in real life.(P.25 4a) 彼得发现他可以把物理与现实生活中的事物联系起来。 I wonder if / whether you could help me.(P.25 4a)我想知道你是否能帮助我。 I want to know if / whether you read English books outside class.(P.25 4a) 我想知道你是否在课外阅读英文书。 讲解: 宾语从句 在复合句中作_的从句。 引导词: _:引导陈述句的宾语从句,在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。 _:引导一般疑问句的宾语从句,意为"是否"。 【宾语从句三要素】 要素 说明 例句 引导词 I think that he is right. 语序 I wonder if he can come. 时态 He said he was a teacher. 翻译: _. 我知道他是一名老师。 _. 她问我是否喜欢音乐。 巩固练习: 用 that / if / whether 填空。 1. I know _ he is a teacher. 2. She asked _ I liked music. 3. I think _ reading is important. 4. I wonder _ you can help me. 5. He said _ he would come. 辨析if 与 whether 的区别 区别 说明 例句 与or not直接连用时, 只能用whether,不能用if I don’t know whether he will come or not. 后接不定式时, 只能用whether,不能用if I don‘t know whether to go. 作介词宾语时, 只能用whether,不能用if It depends on whether he is ready. 引导让步状语从句时, 只能用whether,不能用if Whether he likes it or not, he must do it. 引导宾语从句时, if和whether可互换,口语中常用if I wonder if / whether he will come. 【速记口诀】 whether 用法更广泛,_、_、_后,都要用它才正确 if 只用在宾语从句,口语之中最常用。 巩固练习: 用 if / whether 填空。 1. I don’t know _ he will come or not. 2. I wonder _ he can help me. 3. It depends on _ he is ready. 4. I don‘t know _ to go or stay. 5. _ he likes it or not, he must do it. 6. She asked me _ I liked music. 知识点16:ability(能力)——P.26 1b 教材原句: Everyone has the ability to learn.(P.26 1b)每个人都有学习的能力。 讲解: _ [可数名词/不可数名词] 能力;才能 _ 做某事的能力 _ 有能力做某事 _有能力的人 _尽某人所能 注意: ability后常接不定式(to do) 作定语,不接“of doing”。 【词形变化】 词项 词性 含义 用法 名词 能力;才能 the ability to do sth 形容词 能够的 be able to do sth 动词 使能够 enable sb to do sth 翻译: _. 她在音乐方面有很强的能力。 _. 他能流利地说英语。 巩固练习: 一、用 ability / able 的适当形式填空。 1. Everyone has the _ to learn. 2. She has the _ to solve problems. 3. He is _ to speak three languages. 4. We should develop our_. 5. I will do the work to the best of my_. 二、根据汉语提示完成句子。 1. 每个人都有学习的能力。 Everyone has the _ _ learn. 2. 他能流利地说英语。 He is_ _ speak English fluently. 3. 我会尽我最大努力去做。 I will do it _ _ _ _ my ability. 4. 她在音乐方面有很强的能力。 She has a great _ in music. 知识点17:the key to(……的关键)——P.26 1b 教材原句: Studies show that the first key to becoming a successful learner is to have a growth mindset.(P.26 1b) 研究表明,成为成功学习者的第一个关键是拥有成长型思维。 讲解: key to 意为“……的关键;……的钥匙”, 其中 to 为_,后接_,不接动词原形。 【常见搭配】 结构 含义 例句 ……的关键 The key to success is hard work. ……的答案 Do you know the answer to this question? ……的解决方法 We need to find a solution to the problem. ……的方法 This is the best way to learn English. 【注意】 key to do(错误) key to doing(正确) 类似用法的词还有:answer, solution, approach, attitude 等,后接介词 to。 【辨析】to 作介词 vs. 作不定式符号 类型 用法 例句 to作介词 the key to success / solving the problem to作不定式符号 want to go, need to study 翻译: _. 成功的关键是努力工作。 _? 你知道这个问题的答案吗? _. 这是学英语最好的方法。 巩固练习: 一、用所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. The key to _(success)is hard work. 2. The key to _(learn)English well is to practise every day. 3. Do you know the answer to this _(question)? 4. We need to find a solution to _(solve)this problem. 二、根据汉语提示完成句子。 1. 研究表明,成为成功学习者的第一个关键是拥有成长型思维。 Studies show that the first _ _ becoming a successful learner is to have a growth mindset. 2. 成功的关键是努力工作。 The _ _ success is hard work. 3. 这是学英语最好的方法。 This is the best _ _ learn English. 4. 我们需要找到这个问题的解决方法。 We need to find a _ _ the problem. 三、用 to / of 填空。 1. The key _ success is hard work. 2. This is the best way _ learn English. 3. Do you know the answer _ this question? 4. I hope _ see you again. 5. The solution _ this problem is not easy. 知识点18:growth mindset(成长型思维)——P.26 1b 教材原句: Studies show that the first key to becoming a successful learner is to have a growth mindset.(P.26 1b) 研究表明,成为成功学习者的第一个关键是拥有成长型思维。 讲解: _ [可数名词] 思维模式;心态 _成长型思维(相信能力可以通过努力和学习来发展的思维模式) _固定型思维(相信能力是固定的、不可改变的思维模式) 翻译: _. 成长型思维帮助我们更好地学习。 _. 她有积极的心态。 巩固练习: 根据汉语提示完成句子。 1. 成长型思维帮助我们更好地学习。 A _ _ helps us learn better. 2. 她有积极的心态。 She has a positive_. 知识点19:set goals(设定目标)——P.26 1b 教材原句: It also means setting goals, taking action, and meeting challenges.(P.26 1b) 它还意味着设定目标、采取行动和迎接挑战。 讲解: _设定目标 _设定一个目标 _ 采取行动 _迎接挑战 翻译: _. 我们应该设定明确的目标。 _. 是时候采取行动了。 巩固练习: 根据汉语提示完成句子。 1. 我们应该设定明确的目标。 We should_ _ _. 2. 是时候采取行动了。 It's time to_ _. 3. 我们应该勇敢地迎接挑战。 We should _ challenges bravely. 知识点20:see...as...(把……看作……)——P.24 1b 教材原句: People with a growth mindset see mistakes as chances for learning.(P.24 1b) 拥有成长型思维的人把错误看作学习的机会。 讲解: _把……看作…… _把……视为…… _把……认为是…… 翻译: _. 我把他看作我最好的朋友。 _. 她把教学看作一份有意义的工作。 巩固练习: 根据汉语提示完成句子。 1. 我把他看作我最好的朋友。 I _ him _ my best friend. 2. 她把教学看作一份有意义的工作。 She _ teaching _ a meaningful job. 知识点21:practice makes perfect(熟能生巧)——P.26 1b 教材原句: Practice makes perfect.(P.26 1b)熟能生巧。(谚语) 讲解: _ [不可数名词] 练习;实践 _. 熟能生巧。(英语谚语) _ [动词] 练习(英式拼写),美式拼写为practice _练习做某事 翻译: _. 你需要更多练习。 _. 她每天练习弹钢琴。 巩固练习: 根据汉语提示完成句子。 1. 熟能生巧。 _ makes_. 2. 她每天练习弹钢琴。 She _ _ the piano every day. 3. 你需要更多练习。 You need more_. 知识点22:take advantage of(利用)——P.27 1b 教材原句: Take advantage of the best tools and resources to learn wisely and efficiently.(P.27 1b) 利用最好的工具和资源,明智高效地学习。 讲解: _ 意为“利用”,常用于指利用机会、资源、优势等。 _ 对某人有利 _ 比……有优势 _ [可数名词/不可数名词] 优势;优点 【辨析】take advantage of / make use of / use 词项 含义 侧重点 take advantage of 利用 make use of 利用 use 使用;利用 【注意】 advantage 的形容词形式为 _(有利的)。 take advantage of 的宾语可以是事物(机会、资源)或人(占某人便宜)。 翻译: _. 她在说英语方面比别人有优势。 _. 你应该好好利用时间。 巩固练习: 一、根据汉语提示完成句子。 1. 我们应该利用我们的资源。 We should _ _ _ our resources. 2. 新政策对我们有利。 The new policy is _ _ _. 3. 她在说英语方面比别人有优势。 She has _ _ _ others in speaking English. 4. 不要利用别人。 Don‘t _ _ _ others. 二、用 take advantage of / make use of / use 的适当形式填空。 1. We should _ _ _ our resources. 2. We should _ _ _ our time wisely. 3. Please _ the computer to send an email. 4. Don’t _ _ _ the poor. 三、用 advantage / advantageous 填空。 1. The new policy is to our _. 2. This is an _ situation for us. 知识点23:mind(头脑;介意;思维导图)——P.27 1d 教材原句: Find clues from the text to complete the mind map.(P.27 1d)从课文中寻找线索来完成思维导图。 讲解: _思维导图 mind 既可作_,也可作_,用法丰富。 一、mind 作名词 意为“_”。 结构 含义 例句 思维导图 We need to draw a mind map. 改变主意 She changed her mind at last. 下定决心 I have made up my mind to study hard. 记住 Please keep my words in mind. 记住 Bear this rule in mind. 想起 A good idea came to my mind. 看透某人的心思 You can read my mind. 在某人的心中 In my mind, she is the best teacher. 二、mind 作动词 意为“_”,常用于否定句和疑问句。 结构 含义 例句 介意做某事 Do you mind opening the window? 介意某人做某事 I don’t mind you smoking here. 没关系;不要紧 —Sorry I‘m late. —Never mind. 你介意……吗?(礼貌请求) Would you mind my closing the door? 翻译: _. 她在最后一刻改变了主意。 _. 我已经下定决心更努力学习。 _. 请记住我的话。 _? 你介意关上窗户吗? _. 我不介意你用我的手机。 巩固练习: 一、用 mind 的适当形式填空。 1. We need to draw a _ map. 2. She _ her mind at last. 3. I have _ up my mind to study hard. 4. Please _ my words in mind. 5. A good idea came to my_. 二、根据汉语提示完成句子。 1. 她改变了主意。 She _ her_. 2. 我已经下定决心更努力学习。 I have _ _ my_ to study harder. 3. 请记住我的话。 Please _ my words _ _. 4. 你介意关上窗户吗? Do you _ the window? 5. 没关系。 _ _! 知识点24:discover(发现规律)——P.28 2a 教材原句: discover learning rules(P.26 2a)发现学习规律 讲解: _ [动词] 发现(规律、事实等) _ [可数名词] 发现者 【辨析】discover / find / find out 词项 含义 用法 discover 发现 find 找到 find out 查明 翻译: _. 我们发现了真相。 _. 我找不到我的钢笔。 _. 请查明火车什么时候出发。 巩固练习: 用 discover / find / find out 的适当形式填空。 1. We _ the truth at last. 2. I can't _ my pen. 3. Please _ when the train leaves. 知识点25:guidance(指导)——P.26 2b 教材原句: This app provides guidance on pronunciation for any words you click on.(P.26 2b) 这个应用程序为你点击的任何单词提供发音指导。 讲解: _ [不可数名词] 指导;引导 _ [动词] 指导;引导 [名词] 导游;指南 _ 在……的指导下 翻译: _. 我们需要你的指导。 _. 他在李教授的指导下学习。 巩固练习: 根据汉语提示完成句子。 1. 我们需要你的指导。 We need your_. 2. 他在李教授的指导下学习。 He studied _ the _ of Professor Li. 知识点26: through(通过)——P.29 3a 教材原句: ...through books she has become the wise and smart person I know.(P.29 3a) ……通过书籍,她成为了我认识的那位睿智而聪明的人。 讲解: through [介词] _ through [介词] _ 【辨析】through / across / over 词项 含义 用法 穿过 从内部穿过(空间、时间、媒介) 横过 从表面横过 越过 从上方越过 翻译: _. 我通过阅读学到了很多。 _. 他穿过了森林。 巩固练习: 用 through / across / over 填空。 1. I learned a lot _ reading. 2. He walked _ the forest. 3. She swam _ the river. 4. The bird flew _ the wall. 知识点27:because 与 because of 的区分——P.29 3a 教材原句: Because of my mother’s love of reading, our home is full of books on different subjects.(P.29 3a) 因为我母亲热爱阅读,我们家里摆满了各种不同科目的书。 讲解: because 与 because of 都表示“因为”,但用法不同: 词项 词性 后接成分 例句 because I didn‘t go to school because I was ill. because of I didn’t go to school because of my illness. 【用法对比】 结构 示例 Because it rained, we stayed at home. Because of the rain, we stayed at home. Because of raining, we stayed at home. Because of my mother‘s love of reading, our home is full of books. 翻译: _. 我没去上学,因为我病了。 _. 我因为生病没去上学。 巩固练习: 一、用 because / because of 填空。 1. I didn’t go to school _ I was ill. 2. I didn‘t go to school _ my illness. 3. We stayed at home _ the rain. 4. We stayed at home _ it was raining. 5. _ my mother’s love of reading, our home is full of books. 6. _ I was tired, I went to bed early. 二、根据汉语提示完成句子。 1. 我因为生病没去上学。 I didn‘t go to school _ I was ill. = I didn’t go to school _ _ my illness. 2. 因为下雨,我们待在家里。 _ _ the rain, we stayed at home. = _ it was raining, we stayed at home. 三、判断下列句子正误,错误的请改正。 1. Because of I was ill, I stayed at home. ( ) 2. Because of my illness, I stayed at home. ( ) 3. Because it rained, we stayed at home. ( ) 4. Because of the rain, we stayed at home. ( ) 知识点28:be full of(充满)——P.27 3a 教材原句: Because of my mother‘s love of reading, our home is full of books on different subjects.(P.293a) 因为我母亲热爱阅读,我们家里摆满了各种不同科目的书。 讲解: _意为“充满……;装满……”,强调状态。 【常见搭配】 结构 含义 例句 充满(强调状态) The room is full of people. 被……填满(强调动作或状态) The glass is filled with water. 用……装满……(强调动作) She filled the glass with water. 【辨析】be full of / be filled with 词项 含义 侧重点 be full of 充满 be filled with 被……填满 例句对比: The room is full of people. 房间里挤满了人。(状态) The room is filled with people. 房间里被人挤满了。(动作结果) 【注意】 full 是_,意为“满的”。 fill 是_,意为“填满”。 The room full with people.(缺少be动词) The room is full of people.(正确) 翻译: _. 篮子里装满了水果。 _. 她的眼里充满了泪水。 _. 她把箱子装满了书。 巩固练习: 一、用 be full of / be filled with / fill...with 的适当形式填空。 1. The room _ people. 2. The glass _ water. 3. She _ the glass _ water. 4. Her eyes _ tears. 5. The basket _ fruits. 二、根据汉语提示完成句子。 1. 房间里挤满了人。 The room _ _ people. 2. 她的眼里充满了泪水。 Her eyes _ _ tears. 3. 她把箱子装满了书。 She _ the box _ books. 4. 瓶子里装满了水。 The bottle _ _ water. 三、用 full / fill 填空。 1. The room is _ of people. 2. Please _ the bottle with water. 3. The basket is _ of fruits. 知识点29:no longer(不再)——P.29 3a 教材原句: I found children‘s books no longer kept me interested.(P.29 3a)我发现儿童书籍不再让我感兴趣了。 讲解: _意为“不再”,相当于_。 no longer 通常放在_之前,_之后。 【辨析】no longer / not...any longer / no more / not...any more 词项 含义 侧重点 例句 no longer 不再 He no longer lives here. not...any longer 不再 He doesn’t live here any longer. no more 不再 I will see him no more. not...any more 不再 I won‘t see him any more. 【注意】 no longer 放在_,not...any longer 放在_。 两者可以互换,但语序不同。 翻译: _. 她不再在这里工作了。 _. 她不再在这里工作了。 _. 他不再是学生了。 巩固练习: 一、用 no longer / not...any longer / no more / not...any more 填空。 1. He _ lives here. 2. He doesn’t live here _ _. 3. I will see him _ _. 4. I won‘t see him _ _. 5. She is _ a student. 6. Children’s books _ kept me interested. 二、根据汉语提示完成句子。 1. 他不再在这里工作了。 He _ _ works here. = He _ work here_ _. 2. 她不再是学生了。 She is _ a student. 三、句型转换(改为同义句)。 1. He no longer lives here. He _ _ here _ _. 2. She doesn‘t work here any longer. She _ _ works here. 知识点30:keep(保持;使……持续)——P.29 3a 教材原句: I found children’s books no longer kept me interested.(P.293a)我发现儿童书籍不再让我感兴趣了。 讲解: keep 在句中意为“使……保持某种状态”,结构为 keep + 宾语 + 形容词/介词短语/现在分词。 【常见搭配】 结构 含义 例句 使……保持……状态 Keep the door open. 使……一直做某事 He kept me waiting. 使……处于某位置 Keep your hands in your pockets. 一直做某事 She kept talking. 阻止某人做某事 The rain kept us from going out. 【辨析】keep doing / keep on doing 词项 含义 用法 一直做某事 强调动作的持续性,中间不停止 继续做某事 强调动作的反复性,可能中间有停顿 例句对比: He kept reading for three hours. 他连续读了三个小时。(持续不停) He kept on asking questions. 他不停地问问题。(反复问) 翻译: _. 请保持教室干净。 _. 她让我等了一个小时。 _. 我们应该每天坚持学习。 巩固练习: 一、用所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. Please keep the classroom _(clean). 2. She kept me _(wait)for an hour. 3. He kept _(talk)for three hours. 4. The rain kept us from _(go)out. 5. She kept on _(ask)questions. 6. Children‘s books no longer kept me _(interest). 二、根据汉语提示完成句子。 1. 请保持教室干净。 Please _ the classroom_. 2. 她让我等了一个小时。 She _ me _ for an hour. 3. 我们应该每天坚持学习。 We should _ _ every day. 4. 大雨阻止了我们外出。 The rain _ us_ _ out. 5. 我发现儿童书籍不再让我感兴趣了。 I found children’s books no longer _ me _. 三、用 keep / stay 填空。 1. Please _ quiet. 2. He _ in the hotel during the holiday. 3. We should _ healthy. 4. The weather will _ warm for a few days. 知识点31:allow(允许;使……成为可能)——P.29 3a 教材原句: Reading opened up new worlds and allowed me to discover new things for myself.(P.29 3a) 阅读打开了新世界,让我能够自己去发现新事物。 讲解: _ [动词] 允许;准许;使……成为可能 _允许做某事 _ 允许某人做某事 _ 被允许做某事 【常见搭配】 结构 含义 例句 allow doing sth The school doesn‘t allow smoking. allow sb to do sth My parents allow me to watch TV. allow sb sth The teacher allowed us five minutes. be allowed to do sth We are not allowed to eat in class. allow for We must allow for the weather. 【辨析】allow / permit / let 词项 含义 用法 正式程度 allow 允许 最常用,中性 permit 允许;许可 较正式,多用于书面语 let 让;允许 较口语化,非正式 翻译: _. 我父母允许我周末外出。 _. 课堂上不允许我们使用手机。 巩固练习: 一、用所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. The school doesn‘t allow _(smoke). 2. My parents allow me _(watch)TV. 3. We are not allowed _(eat)in class. 4. Reading _ me to discover new things. 5. The teacher allowed us _(use)dictionaries. 二、根据汉语提示完成句子。 1. 学校不允许在教室里吃东西。 The school doesn’t allow _ in the classroom. 2. 我父母允许我周末外出。 My parents _ me _ _ out on weekends. 3. 课堂上不允许我们使用手机。 We _ _ _ _ use phones during class. 4. 阅读让我能够自己去发现新事物。 Reading _ me _ discover new things for myself. 三、用 allow / permit / let 的适当形式填空。 1. My parents _ me to watch TV. 2. The teacher _ us to leave early. 3. Please _ me help you. 4. The new technology _ us to finish the work faster. 知识点32:help(帮助)——P.29 3a 教材原句: …has helped me a lot with my schoolwork and made me more confident about my future.(P.29 3a) 我相信阅读对我的学业帮助很大,并且让我对自己的未来更加自信。 【常见搭配】 结构 含义 例句 帮助某人做某事 She helped me (to) clean the room. 帮助做某事 Reading helps (to) improve our knowledge. 在某方面帮助某人 Can you help me with my English? 自用;自取(食物等) Help yourself to some fruit. 忍不住做某事 I can’t help laughing. 【注意】 help sb (to) do sth 中的 to 可以_,但在_中 to 不能省略。 主动语态:She helped me clean the room.(可省略to) 被动语态:I was helped to clean the room.(必须保留to) 翻译: _. 当我看到他时,我忍不住笑。 _. 请随便吃点蛋糕。 巩固练习: 一、用所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. She helped me _(clean)the room. 2. Reading helps _(improve)our knowledge. 3. I can’t help _(laugh)when I see him. 4. Please help _(you)to some fruit. 二、根据汉语提示完成句子。 1. 阅读对我的学业帮助很大。 Reading has _ me a lot _ my schoolwork. 2. 你能帮助我解决这个问题吗? Can you _ me _ this problem? 3. 请随便吃点蛋糕。 _ _ to some cake. 4. 当我看到他时,我忍不住笑。 I _ _ _ when I see him. 三、句型转换(改为被动语态)。 She helped me clean the room. I _ _ _ clean the room. 知识点33:make(使;让)——P.29 3a 教材原句: …has helped me a lot with my schoolwork and made me more confident about my future.(P.29 3a) 我相信阅读对我的学业帮助很大,并且让我对自己的未来更加自信。 讲解: make [使役动词] _ _使某人/某物变得…… _使某人/某物成为…… _ 使某人/某物做某事 _ 的被动语态为_(to不能省略) 【常见搭配】 结构 含义 例句 使……变得…… The news made me happy. 使……成为…… We made him our monitor. 使某人做某事 She made me laugh. 使……被…… I made myself understood. 被迫做某事 He was made to work all day. 由……制成/在哪里制造/由谁制造 The table is made of wood. 【辨析】make + 宾语 + 形容词 / make + 宾语 + 动词原形 结构 含义 例句 make + 宾语 + 形容词 Reading made me confident. make + 宾语 + 动词原形 She made me laugh. 【注意】 感官动词和使役动词接不带to的不定式作宾补,但被动语态中要还原to。 主动:She made me laugh. 被动:I was made to laugh. 翻译: _. 好消息让我们很开心。 _. 我妈妈让我打扫房间。 _. 我用蹩脚的英语让自己被理解了。 巩固练习: 一、用所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. The news made me _(happy). 2. She made me _(laugh). 3. I was made _(work)all day. 4. Reading made me _(confidence)about my future. 5. We made him _(be)our monitor. 二、根据汉语提示完成句子。 1. 好消息让我们很开心。 The good news _ us _. 2. 我妈妈让我打扫房间。 My mother _ me _ my room. 3. 他被迫每天工作12小时。 He _ _ _ work 12 hours a day. 4. 阅读让我对自己的未来更加自信。 Reading _ me _ _ about my future. 三、句型转换(改为被动语态)。 She made me laugh. I _ _ _ _. 知识点34:rate(评分)——P.30 4a 教材原句: Rate each method from 1 to 10.(P.30 4a)用1到10分为每个方法评分。 讲解: _ [动词] 评分;评价 [名词] 比率;速率 _ 从……到……评分 翻译: _. 请用1到5分为这家餐厅评分。 _. 出生率在下降。 巩固练习: 根据汉语提示完成句子。 1. 请用1到5分为这家餐厅评分。 Please _ this restaurant from 1 to 5. 2. 出生率在下降。 The birth _ is going down. 知识点35:motivation(动力)——P.30 4a 教材原句: having deep motivation(P.28 30)有深层动力 讲解: _ [不可数名词] 动力;积极性 _e [动词] 激发;促使 _ [形容词] 有动力的;积极的 翻译: _y. 她缺乏学习的动力。 _. 他的话激励我更加努力地工作。 巩固练习: 用 motivation / motivate / motivated 填空。 1. She lacks _ to study. 2. His words _ me to work harder. 3. She is a _ student. 知识点36:名言警句——P.30 教材原句: It is not just about what we need to learn, but how we learn.(P.30) 重要的不仅是我们需要学什么,而是我们如何学。 讲解: _ 不仅……而且…… _而且…… 翻译: _. 这不仅关乎知识,更关乎态度。 _. 她不仅漂亮而且善良。 巩固练习: 根据汉语提示完成句子。 1. 重要的不仅是我们需要学什么,而是我们如何学。 It is _ _ about what we need to learn, _ how we learn. 2. 她不仅漂亮而且善良。 She is _ _ beautiful _ _ kind. 2 / 2 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $
Unit 3 Smart Learning
课文要点全解(知识点讲解+翻译+巩固练习)
Section A
知识点1:Smart Learning(智慧学习)——P.21 单元标题
教材原句:
· Smart Learning(P.21 单元标题)智慧学习
· What makes a good learner?(P.21 单元大问题)什么造就了一个好的学习者?
讲解:
smart [形容词] 聪明的;智能的
smart learning 智慧学习(指利用有效的方法和策略进行学习)
learner [可数名词] 学习者
由 learn(学习)+ -er(表示人的后缀)构成。
learn [动词] 学习;学会
learning [不可数名词] 学习
翻译:
· She is a smart girl.
她是一个聪明的女孩。
· He is a fast learner.
他学东西很快。
巩固练习:
用 learn / learner / learning / smart 填空。
1. She is a _______________ girl.
2. He is a fast _______________.
3. _______________ is a lifelong journey.
4. We should _______________ from our mistakes.
答案详解:
1. smart——修饰girl,用形容词smart。
2. learner——"快速的学习者"用fast learner。
3. Learning——作主语,用动名词Learning。
4. learn——learn from意为"从……中学习",情态动词should后接动词原形。
知识点2:learning tip(学习建议)——P.22 1a
教材原句:
· Look at these learning tips.(P.22 1a)看这些学习建议。
讲解:
tip [可数名词] ①建议;提示 ②尖端;小费
learning tip 学习建议
take notes 做笔记
review [动词] 复习;回顾 [名词] 复习;评论
set goals 设定目标
翻译:
· Here are some useful learning tips.
这里有一些有用的学习建议。
· You should review what you have learnt every day.
你应该每天复习所学内容。
巩固练习:
根据汉语提示完成句子。
1. 这里有一些有用的学习建议。
Here are some useful _______________ _______________.
2. 你应该每天复习所学内容。
You should _______________ what you have learnt every day.
3. 他设定了新的目标。
He _______________ new _______________.
答案详解:
1. learning tips——学习建议用learning tips。
2. review——复习用review,should后接动词原形。
3. set; goals——设定目标用set goals,用过去时set。
知识点3:review(复习)——P.22 1a
教材原句:
· review key ideas(P.22 1a)复习要点
讲解:
review [动词] 复习;回顾 [名词] 复习;评论
review for 为……而复习
翻译:
· I need to review my notes before the test.
考试前我需要复习我的笔记。
· Let's have a quick review of what we learned yesterday.
让我们快速复习一下昨天所学的内容。
巩固练习:
用 review 的适当形式填空。
1. I need to _______________ my notes before the test.
2. Let's have a quick _______________ of what we learned yesterday.
3. She is _______________ for the final exam.
答案详解:
1. review——need to后接动词原形。
2. review——作名词,意为"复习"。
3. reviewing——进行时态,意为"正在复习"。
知识点4:flashcard(闪卡)——P.22 1a
教材原句:
· I like to learn new words by using flashcards.(P.22 1a)我喜欢用闪卡来学习新单词。
· Flashcards are useful because you can take them anywhere.(P.23 2c)
闪卡很有用,因为你可以把它们带到任何地方。
讲解:
flashcard [可数名词] 闪卡(教学用卡片,正面写单词,背面写释义)
由 flash(闪光)+ card(卡片)构成。
by using flashcards 通过使用闪卡(by doing sth表示方式)
翻译:
· I use flashcards to remember new words.
我用闪卡来记忆新单词。
· Making flashcards is a good way to study.
制作闪卡是一种好的学习方式。
巩固练习:
根据汉语提示完成句子。
1. 我用闪卡来记忆新单词。
I use _______________ to remember new words.
2. 制作闪卡是一种好的学习方式。
Making _______________ is a good way to study.
3. 闪卡很有用。
_______________ are useful.
答案详解:
1. flashcards——闪卡用flashcards。
2. flashcards——同上。
3. Flashcards——同上,作主语。
知识点5:study for(为……而学)——P.22 1d
教材原句:
· Talk about how you study for the school subjects mentioned above.(P.22 1d)
谈论你如何为上述学校科目而学习。
讲解:
study for 为……而学;为……备考
study for a test 为考试而学习
翻译:
· She is studying for the exam.
她正在为考试而学习。
· I need to study for my history test.
我需要为历史考试而学习。
巩固练习:根据汉语提示完成句子。
1. 她正在为考试而学习。
She is _______________ _______________ the exam.
2. 我需要为历史考试而学习。
I need to_______________ _______________ my history test.
答案详解:
1. studying for——为……而学用study for,进行时态。
2. study for——need to后接动词原形。
知识点6:look up(查阅)——P.23 2a
教材原句:
· look up words in a dictionary(P.21 2a)在词典中查阅单词
讲解:
look up 查阅;查找(单词、信息等)
look up 抬头看
look up to 钦佩;仰慕(已学)
翻译:
· If you don't know the word, look it up in the dictionary.
如果你不认识这个单词,在词典里查一下。
· He looked up and smiled at me.
他抬起头,对我笑了笑。
巩固练习:
用 look up / look up to 填空。
1. If you don't know the word, _______________ it _______________ in the dictionary.
2. He _______________ and smiled at me.
3. I _______________ my teachers.
答案详解:
1. look; up——查阅单词用look up,代词it放中间。
2. looked up——抬头看用look up,用过去时。
3. look up to——钦佩用look up to。
知识点7:take part in(参加)——P.23 2a
教材原句:
· take part in class discussions(P.21 2a)参加课堂讨论
讲解:
take part in 参加(活动、比赛等)
join 参加(组织、团体、某人)
attend 出席(会议、讲座、学校等)
【辨析】take part in / join / attend
词项
含义
用法
take part in
参加
参加活动、比赛,强调积极参与
join
加入
加入组织、团体、俱乐部,或加入某人
attend
出席
出席会议、讲座、学校等,强调在场
翻译:
· She took part in the school sports meet.
她参加了学校运动会。
· He joined the army.
他参军了。
· I attended the meeting yesterday.
我昨天出席了会议。
巩固练习:
用 take part in / join / attend 的适当形式填空。
1. She _______________ the school sports meet last week.
2. He _______________ the army two years ago.
3. I _______________ the meeting yesterday.
4. Would you like to _______________ us for dinner?
答案详解:
1. took part in——参加运动会,用take part in,过去时。
2. joined——参军用join,过去时。
3. attended——出席会议用attend,过去时。
4. join——加入某人用join。
知识点8:read aloud(大声朗读)——P.23 2a
教材原句:
· read aloud to practise speaking(P.21 2a)大声朗读来练习口语
讲解:
read aloud 大声朗读
aloud [副词] 出声地;大声地
loud [形容词] 大声的 [副词] 大声地
loudly [副词] 响亮地;大声地
【辨析】aloud / loud / loudly
词项
含义
用法
aloud
出声地;大声地
与read, think等连用,强调"出声"
loud
大声的/地
形容词或副词,指声音响亮
loudly
响亮地
副词,常指喧闹、嘈杂的声音
翻译:
· Please read the text aloud.
请大声朗读课文。
· She spoke loud enough for everyone to hear.
她说话声音足够大,每个人都能听到。
· Don't talk so loudly in the library.
不要在图书馆里那么大声说话。
巩固练习:用 aloud / loud / loudly 填空。
1. Please read the text_______________.
2. She spoke _______________ enough for everyone to hear.
3. Don't talk so _______________ in the library.
答案详解:
1. aloud——read aloud为固定搭配,意为"大声朗读"。
2. loud——作副词,意为"大声地"。
3. loudly——指喧闹的声音,用loudly。
知识点9:in general(总的来说;一般而言)——P.23 2c
教材原句:
· Reading is important for learning in general.(P.23 2c)总的来说,阅读对学习很重要。
讲解:
in general 意为“总的来说;一般而言;大体上”。
general [形容词] 总的;大体的;普遍的
generally [副词] 一般地;通常
general 还可以作可数名词,意为“将军”。
【常见搭配】
结构
含义
例句
in general
总的来说;一般而言
In general, I agree with you.
generally speaking
一般来说
Generally speaking, boys like sports.
general idea
大意;主旨
Can you tell me the general idea of this passage?
as a general rule
一般而言;通常
As a general rule, we don‘t allow eating in class.
【辨析】in general / generally speaking
词项
含义
用法
in general
总的来说;一般而言
可放在句首、句中或句末,常与具体观点搭配
generally speaking
一般来说
常放在句首,用逗号与主句隔开,语气更正式
翻译:
· In general, Chinese people are friendly and hard-working.
总的来说,中国人民友好且勤劳。
· Generally speaking, girls are more careful than boys.
一般来说,女孩比男孩更细心。
· Can you tell me the general idea of this passage?
你能告诉我这篇文章的大意吗?
巩固练习:
一、根据汉语提示完成句子。
1. 总的来说,我同意你的看法。
_______________ _______________, I agree with you.
2. 总的来说,中国人民友好且勤劳。
_______________ _______________, Chinese people are friendly and hard-working.
3. 你能告诉我这篇文章的大意吗?
Can you tell me the _______________ idea of this passage?
4. 我认为总的来说,阅读对学习很重要。
I believe reading is important for learning _______________ _______________.
二、用 in general / generally speaking 填空。
1. _______________, I agree with you.
2. _______________, girls are more careful than boys.
3. He is a good student _______________.
答案详解:
一、
1. In general——总的来说,放在句首。
2. In general——总的来说,放在句首。
3. general——大意用general idea。
4. in general——总的来说,放在句末。
二、
1. In general / Generally speaking——两者均可。
2. Generally speaking——一般来说,放在句首,语气更正式。
3. in general——总的来说,放在句末。
知识点10:find it + 形容词 + to do sth(发现做某事……)——P.23 2d
教材原句:
· I find it difficult to follow conversations.(P.23 2d)我发现跟上对话很难。
讲解:
find it + 形容词 + to do sth 意为“发现做某事是……的”。
该结构中,it 作形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式短语 to do sth。
句型结构分析:
成分
说明
例句
find
谓语动词
I find...
it
形式宾语
...it...
形容词
宾语补足语
...difficult...
to do sth
真正的宾语
...to follow conversations.
【常见接it作形式宾语的动词】
动词
含义
例句
find
发现;觉得
I find it easy to learn English.
think
认为
I think it important to study hard.
make
使……
The news made it clear that we should leave.
consider
认为
We consider it necessary to tell the truth.
feel
觉得
I feel it my duty to help others.
【拓展】it作形式宾语的其他结构
结构
含义
例句
find it + 名词 + to do
发现做某事是……
I find it a pleasure to work with you.
find it + 形容词 + that从句
发现……
I find it surprising that he passed the exam.
【辨析】find it + 形容词 + to do / find + that从句
结构
含义
例句
find it + 形容词 + to do
发现做某事是……的
I find it difficult to learn maths.
find + that从句
发现……
I find that maths is difficult.
翻译:
· I find it easy to learn English.
我发现学英语很容易。
· I think it important to study hard.
我认为努力学习很重要。
· Computers make it fast to send emails.
电脑使发送邮件变得很快。
巩固练习:
一、用所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. I find it easy _______________(learn)English.
2. I think it important _______________(study)hard.
3. She found it interesting _______________(read)this book.
4. Computers make it fast _______________(send)emails.
5. I find it difficult _______________(follow)conversations.
二、根据汉语提示完成句子。
1. 我发现学英语很容易。
I __________ it easy __________ _______________ English.
2. 我认为努力学习很重要。
I __________ it important __________ _______________ hard.
3. 我发现跟上对话很难。
I __________ it difficult __________ _______________ conversations.
4. 她发现读这本书很有趣。
She __________ it interesting __________ _______________ this book.
三、单项选择。
He found __________ very interesting to visit Harbin in winter.
A. this B. that C. it
答案详解:
一、
1. to learn——find it + 形容词 + to do sth,用不定式。
2. to study——think it + 形容词 + to do sth,用不定式。
3. to read——find it + 形容词 + to do sth,用不定式。
4. to send——make it + 形容词 + to do sth,用不定式。
5. to follow——find it + 形容词 + to do sth,用不定式。
二、
1. find; to learn——find it + 形容词 + to do sth。
2. think; to study——think it + 形容词 + to do sth。
3. find; to follow——find it + 形容词 + to do sth。
4. found; to read——find it + 形容词 + to do sth,用过去时。
三、答案:C
解析:“find it + 形容词 + to do sth”为固定结构,其中it作形式宾语。故选C。句意:他觉得冬天游览哈尔滨很有趣。
知识点11:need(需要)——P.24 3a
教材原句:
· I think first you need to become an active learner.(P.24 3a)我认为首先你需要成为一个主动学习者。
讲解:
need 既可以作实义动词,也可以作情态动词。
一、need 作实义动词
有人称、数和时态的变化,后接不定式或动名词。
结构
含义
例句
need to do sth
需要做某事(主语是人)
I need to study hard.
need doing sth
需要被做(主语是物,表被动)
The room needs cleaning.
need sb to do sth
需要某人做某事
I need you to help me.
二、need 作情态动词
后接动词原形,常用于否定句和疑问句,无人称和数的变化。
结构
含义
例句
need do sth
需要做某事
Need I go now?
needn‘t do sth
不必做某事
You needn’t worry about me.
【辨析】need to do / need doing
结构
含义
用法
need to do
需要做某事
主语是人,表示主动意义
need doing
需要被做
主语是物,表示被动意义(= need to be done)
need sb to do
需要某人做某事
主语是人,表示要求某人做某事
例句对比:
· I need to clean the room. 我需要打扫房间。(我主动打扫)
· The room needs cleaning. 房间需要被打扫。(房间需要被清理)
· I need you to help me. 我需要你帮助我。
【辨析】need作实义动词 vs. 情态动词
用法
结构
否定式
疑问式
实义动词
need + to do / doing
don‘t/doesn’t/didn‘t need
Do/Does/Did + need
情态动词
need + do
needn’t
Need...?
翻译:
· She needs to finish her homework first.
她需要先完成作业。
· The flowers need watering.
这些花需要浇水了。
· You needn‘t come so early.
你不必来这么早。
巩固练习:
一、用 need 的适当形式填空。
1. I _______________ to study hard.
2. The room _______________ cleaning.
3. I _______________ you to help me.
4. You _______________ worry about me.
5. _______________ I go now?
二、根据汉语提示完成句子。
1. 我认为首先你需要成为一个主动学习者。
I think first you _______________ _______________ become an active learner.
2. 房间需要被打扫。
The room _______________ _______________.
3. 你不必来这么早。
You __________ __________ so early.
4. 我需要重复这个问题吗?
_______________ I _______________ the question?
三、用 need / needn‘t 的适当形式填空。
1. The flowers _______________ watering.
2. We _______________ hurry. We have enough time.
3. She _______________ to finish her homework first.
4. _______________ I repeat the question?
答案详解:
一、
1. need——need to do为固定搭配,主语I。
2. needs——need doing为固定搭配(表被动),主语room为单数,加-s。
3. need——need sb to do为固定搭配。
4. needn’t——情态动词否定形式。
5. Need——情态动词疑问形式。
二、
1. need to——need to do为固定搭配。
2. needs cleaning——need doing为固定搭配(= needs to be cleaned)。
3. needn‘t come——情态动词否定形式 + 动词原形。
4. Need; repeat——情态动词疑问形式 + 动词原形。
三、
1. need——need doing表被动,主语为复数,用need。
2. needn’t——不必,用needn‘t。
3. needs——need to do为固定搭配,主语She为单数。
4. Need——情态动词疑问形式。
知识点12:active learner(主动学习者)——P.24 3a
教材原句:
· I think first you need to become an active learner.(P.24 3a)
我认为首先你需要成为一个主动学习者。
· Which of these active learning tips does Binbin follow?(P.24 3b)
宾宾遵循了哪些主动学习建议?
讲解:
active [形容词] 积极的;主动的
active learner 主动学习者(指主动参与学习过程的人)
actively [副词] 积极地
activity [可数名词] 活动
action[可数名词] 一件/多件具体行为:an action/actions
action[不可数名词] 泛指抽象行动、理化作用:take atcion
翻译:
· She is an active student in class.
她在课堂上很活跃。
· We should learn actively.
我们应该主动学习。
巩固练习:
用 active / actively / activity 填空。
1. She is an _______________ student in class.
2. We should learn _______________.
3. We have many after-school _______________.
答案详解:
1. active——修饰student,用形容词active。
2. actively——修饰learn,用副词actively。
3. activities——课外活动用after-school activities。
知识点13:have difficulties (in) doing sth (做某事有困难)——P.24 3b
教材原句:
· Be positive when you have difficulties.(P.24 3b)遇到困难时保持积极态度。
讲解:
have difficulties (in) doing sth 做某事有困难
have trouble (in) doing sth 做某事有困难
have problems (in) doing sth 做某事有问题
have a hard time (in) doing sth 做某事很艰难
have fun (in) doing sth 做某事很开心
difficulty / trouble / problems 在此结构中均为不可数名词或复数形式,表示“困难;麻烦”。
【句型结构】
结构
含义
例句
have difficulty (in) doing
做某事有困难
I have difficulty learning English.
have trouble (in) doing
做某事有困难
She has trouble solving the problem.
have problems (in) doing
做某事有问题
He has problems getting along with others.
have a hard time (in) doing
做某事很艰难
They had a hard time finding the way.
have fun (in) doing
做某事很开心
We have fun playing together.
【注意】
· 介词 in 可以省略。
· 后接动名词(-ing形式),不接不定式。
· ❌ have difficulty to do(错误)
· ✅ have difficulty doing(正确)
翻译:
· I have trouble remembering new words.
我记新单词有困难。
· She has difficulty understanding the grammar.
她理解语法有困难。
巩固练习:
一、用所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. I have trouble _______________(learn)English.
2. She has difficulty _______________(solve)the problem.
3. He has problems _______________(get)along with others.
4. We had a hard time _______________(find)the way.
5. We have fun _______________(play)together.
二、根据汉语提示完成句子。
1. 我记新单词有困难。
I have trouble _______________ new words.
2. 她理解语法有困难。
She has difficulty _______________ the grammar.
3. 我们很容易就找到了你的房子。
We had _______________ trouble _______________ your house.
答案详解:
一、
1. learning——have trouble (in) doing sth,用动名词。
2. solving——have difficulty (in) doing sth,用动名词。
3. getting——have problems (in) doing sth,用动名词。
4. finding——have a hard time (in) doing sth,用动名词。
5. playing——have fun (in) doing sth,用动名词。
二、
1. remembering——have trouble doing sth,用动名词。
2. understanding——have difficulty doing sth,用动名词。
3. no; finding——have no trouble doing sth,意为“做某事没有困难”。
知识点14:put off(推迟)——P.24 3b
教材原句:
· Cathy often puts off working on her project to the last day.(P.24 3b)
凯茜经常把她的项目推迟到最后一天才做。
讲解:
put off 推迟;拖延
put off doing sth 推迟做某事
翻译:
· Don't put off today's work until tomorrow.
不要把今天的工作推迟到明天。
· She put off making a decision.
她推迟了做决定。
巩固练习:
根据汉语提示完成句子。
1. 不要把今天的工作推迟到明天。
Don't_______________ _______________ today's work until tomorrow.
2. 她推迟了做决定。
She_______________ _______________ making a decision.
答案详解:
1. put off——推迟用put off。
2. put off——推迟用put off,用过去时。
知识点15:宾语从句(that, if, whether)——P.25 4a
教材原句:
· I believe that reading is important for learning.(P.25 4a)我相信阅读对学习很重要。
· I think that the best way is to do maths problems.(P.25 4a)我认为最好的方法是做数学题。
· Peter finds that he can connect physics with something in real life.(P.25 4a)
彼得发现他可以把物理与现实生活中的事物联系起来。
· I wonder if / whether you could help me.(P.25 4a)我想知道你是否能帮助我。
· I want to know if / whether you read English books outside class.(P.25 4a)
我想知道你是否在课外阅读英文书。
讲解:
宾语从句 在复合句中作宾语的从句。
引导词:
· that:引导陈述句的宾语从句,在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。
· if / whether:引导一般疑问句的宾语从句,意为"是否"。
【宾语从句三要素】
要素
说明
例句
引导词
that(陈述句);if/whether(一般疑问句)
I think that he is right.
语序
陈述句语序(主语+谓语)
I wonder if he can come.
时态
主句一般现在时,从句根据需要;
主句一般过去时,从句用过去时态
He said he was a teacher.
翻译:
· I know that he is a teacher.
我知道他是一名老师。
· She asked if I liked music.
她问我是否喜欢音乐。
巩固练习:
用 that / if / whether 填空。
1. I know _______________ he is a teacher.
2. She asked _______________ I liked music.
3. I think _______________ reading is important.
4. I wonder _______________ you can help me.
5. He said _______________ he would come.
答案详解:
1. that——陈述句作宾语,用that。
2. if / whether——一般疑问句作宾语,用if或whether。
3. that——陈述句作宾语,用that。
4. if / whether——一般疑问句作宾语,用if或whether。
5. that——陈述句作宾语,用that。
辨析if 与 whether 的区别
区别
说明
例句
与or not连用
与or not直接连用时,
只能用whether,不能用if
I don’t know whether he will come or not.
后接不定式
后接不定式时,
只能用whether,不能用if
I don‘t know whether to go.
作介词宾语
作介词宾语时,
只能用whether,不能用if
It depends on whether he is ready.
引导
让步状语从句
引导让步状语从句时,
只能用whether,不能用if
Whether he likes it or not, he must do it.
引导宾语从句
引导宾语从句时,
if和whether可互换,口语中常用if
I wonder if / whether he will come.
【速记口诀】
whether 用法更广泛,or not、不定式、介词后,都要用它才正确;
if 只用在宾语从句,口语之中最常用。
巩固练习:
用 if / whether 填空。
1. I don’t know _______________ he will come or not.
2. I wonder _______________ he can help me.
3. It depends on _______________ he is ready.
4. I don‘t know _______________ to go or stay.
5. _______________ he likes it or not, he must do it.
6. She asked me _______________ I liked music.
答案详解:
1. whether——与or not直接连用,只能用whether。
2. if / whether——引导宾语从句,两者均可。
3. whether——作介词on的宾语,只能用whether。
4. whether——后接不定式,只能用whether。
5. Whether——引导让步状语从句,只能用whether。
6. if / whether——引导宾语从句,两者均可。
知识点16:ability(能力)——P.26 1b
教材原句:
· Everyone has the ability to learn.(P.26 1b)每个人都有学习的能力。
讲解:
ability [可数名词/不可数名词] 能力;才能
the ability to do sth 做某事的能力
have the ability to do sth 有能力做某事
a person of ability 有能力的人
to one‘s ability 尽某人所能
注意: ability后常接不定式(to do) 作定语,不接“of doing”。
【词形变化】
词项
词性
含义
用法
ability
名词
能力;才能
the ability to do sth
able
形容词
能够的
be able to do sth
enable
动词
使能够
enable sb to do sth
翻译:
· She has a great ability in music.
她在音乐方面有很强的能力。
· He is able to speak English fluently.
他能流利地说英语。
巩固练习:
一、用 ability / able 的适当形式填空。
1. Everyone has the _______________ to learn.
2. She has the _______________ to solve problems.
3. He is _______________ to speak three languages.
4. We should develop our_______________.
5. I will do the work to the best of my_______________.
二、根据汉语提示完成句子。
1. 每个人都有学习的能力。
Everyone has the _______________ __________ learn.
2. 他能流利地说英语。
He is_______________ __________ speak English fluently.
3. 我会尽我最大努力去做。
I will do it __________ __________ __________ __________ my ability.
4. 她在音乐方面有很强的能力。
She has a great _______________ in music.
答案详解:
一、
1. ability——the ability to do为固定搭配。
2. ability——the ability to do为固定搭配。
3. able——be able to do为固定搭配。
4. abilities——能力,用复数表示多种能力。
5. ability——to the best of one’s ability为固定搭配。
二、
1. ability to——the ability to do为固定搭配。
2. able to——be able to do为固定搭配。
3. to the best of——to the best of one‘s ability为固定搭配。
4. ability——ability in意为“在……方面的能力”。
知识点17:the key to(……的关键)——P.26 1b
教材原句:
· Studies show that the first key to becoming a successful learner is to have a growth mindset.(P.26 1b)
研究表明,成为成功学习者的第一个关键是拥有成长型思维。
讲解:
key to 意为“……的关键;……的钥匙”,
其中 to 为介词,后接名词、代词或动名词,不接动词原形。
【常见搭配】
结构
含义
例句
the key to (doing) sth
……的关键
The key to success is hard work.
the answer to (doing) sth
……的答案
Do you know the answer to this question?
the solution to (doing) sth
……的解决方法
We need to find a solution to the problem.
the way to do / of doing
……的方法
This is the best way to learn English.
【注意】
· ❌ key to do(错误)
· ✅ key to doing(正确)
· 类似用法的词还有:answer, solution, approach, attitude 等,后接介词 to。
【辨析】to 作介词 vs. 作不定式符号
类型
用法
例句
to作介词
后接名词/代词/动名词
the key to success / solving the problem
to作不定式符号
后接动词原形
want to go, need to study
翻译:
· The key to success is hard work.
成功的关键是努力工作。
· Do you know the answer to this question?
你知道这个问题的答案吗?
· This is the best way to learn English.
这是学英语最好的方法。
巩固练习:
一、用所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. The key to _______________(success)is hard work.
2. The key to _______________(learn)English well is to practise every day.
3. Do you know the answer to this _______________(question)?
4. We need to find a solution to _______________(solve)this problem.
二、根据汉语提示完成句子。
1. 研究表明,成为成功学习者的第一个关键是拥有成长型思维。
Studies show that the first __________ _______________ becoming a successful learner is to have a growth mindset.
2. 成功的关键是努力工作。
The __________ __________ success is hard work.
3. 这是学英语最好的方法。
This is the best __________ __________ learn English.
4. 我们需要找到这个问题的解决方法。
We need to find a __________ __________ the problem.
三、用 to / of 填空。
1. The key __________ success is hard work.
2. This is the best way __________ learn English.
3. Do you know the answer __________ this question?
4. I hope __________ see you again.
5. The solution __________ this problem is not easy.
答案详解:
一、
1. success——to为介词,后接名词。
2. learning——to为介词,后接动名词。
3. question——to为介词,后接名词。
4. solving——to为介词,后接动名词。
二、
1. key to——the key to为固定搭配。
2. key to——the key to为固定搭配。
3. way to——the way to do为固定搭配。
4. solution to——the solution to为固定搭配。
三、
1. to——the key to为固定搭配。
2. to——the way to do为固定搭配。
3. to——the answer to为固定搭配。
4. to——hope to do,不定式符号。
5. to——the solution to为固定搭配。
知识点18:growth mindset(成长型思维)——P.26 1b
教材原句:
· Studies show that the first key to becoming a successful learner is to have a growth mindset.(P.26 1b)
研究表明,成为成功学习者的第一个关键是拥有成长型思维。
讲解:
mindset [可数名词] 思维模式;心态
growth mindset 成长型思维(相信能力可以通过努力和学习来发展的思维模式)
fixed mindset 固定型思维(相信能力是固定的、不可改变的思维模式)
翻译:
· A growth mindset helps us learn better.
成长型思维帮助我们更好地学习。
· She has a positive mindset.
她有积极的心态。
巩固练习:
根据汉语提示完成句子。
1. 成长型思维帮助我们更好地学习。
A _______________ _______________ helps us learn better.
2. 她有积极的心态。
She has a positive_______________.
答案详解:
1. growth mindset——成长型思维用growth mindset。
2. mindset——心态用mindset。
知识点19:set goals(设定目标)——P.26 1b
教材原句:
· It also means setting goals, taking action, and meeting challenges.(P.26 1b)
它还意味着设定目标、采取行动和迎接挑战。
讲解:
set goals 设定目标
set a goal 设定一个目标
take action 采取行动
meet challenges 迎接挑战
翻译:
· We should set clear goals.
我们应该设定明确的目标。
· It's time to take action.
是时候采取行动了。
巩固练习:
根据汉语提示完成句子。
1. 我们应该设定明确的目标。
We should_______________ _______________ _______________.
2. 是时候采取行动了。
It's time to_______________ _______________.
3. 我们应该勇敢地迎接挑战。
We should _______________ challenges bravely.
答案详解:
1. set clear goals——设定明确的目标用set clear goals。
2. take action——采取行动用take action。
3. meet——迎接挑战用meet challenges。
知识点20:see...as...(把……看作……)——P.24 1b
教材原句:
· People with a growth mindset see mistakes as chances for learning.(P.24 1b)
拥有成长型思维的人把错误看作学习的机会。
讲解:
see...as... 把……看作……
regard...as... 把……视为……
consider...as... 把……认为是……
翻译:
· I see him as my best friend.
我把他看作我最好的朋友。
· She regards teaching as a meaningful job.
她把教学看作一份有意义的工作。
巩固练习:
根据汉语提示完成句子。
1. 我把他看作我最好的朋友。
I _______________ him _______________ my best friend.
2. 她把教学看作一份有意义的工作。
She _______________ teaching _______________ a meaningful job.
答案详解:
1. see; as——see...as...为固定搭配。
2. regards; as——regard...as...为固定搭配,主语She为第三人称单数。
知识点21:practice makes perfect(熟能生巧)——P.26 1b
教材原句:
· Practice makes perfect.(P.26 1b)熟能生巧。(谚语)
讲解:
practice [不可数名词] 练习;实践
Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。(英语谚语)
practise [动词] 练习(英式拼写),美式拼写为practice
practise doing sth 练习做某事
翻译:
· You need more practice.
你需要更多练习。
· She practises playing the piano every day.
她每天练习弹钢琴。
巩固练习:
根据汉语提示完成句子。
1. 熟能生巧。
_______________ makes_______________.
2. 她每天练习弹钢琴。
She _______________ _______________ the piano every day.
3. 你需要更多练习。
You need more_______________.
答案详解:
1. Practice; perfect——Practice makes perfect为固定谚语。
2. practises playing——practise doing sth为固定搭配,主语She为第三人称单数。
3. practice——作名词,意为"练习"。
知识点22:take advantage of(利用)——P.27 1b
教材原句:
· Take advantage of the best tools and resources to learn wisely and efficiently.(P.27 1b)
利用最好的工具和资源,明智高效地学习。
讲解:
take advantage of 意为“利用”,常用于指利用机会、资源、优势等。
to one‘s advantage 对某人有利
have an advantage over 比……有优势
advantage [可数名词/不可数名词] 优势;优点
【辨析】take advantage of / make use of / use
词项
含义
侧重点
take advantage of
利用
强调利用“机会、优势、资源”,有时带“占便宜”之意
make use of
利用
强调“有效利用”,中性表达
use
使用;利用
最普通用词,泛指使用某物或某人
【注意】
· advantage 的形容词形式为 advantageous(有利的)。
· take advantage of 的宾语可以是事物(机会、资源)或人(占某人便宜)。
翻译:
· She has an advantage over others in speaking English.
她在说英语方面比别人有优势。
· You should make good use of your time.
你应该好好利用时间。
巩固练习:
一、根据汉语提示完成句子。
1. 我们应该利用我们的资源。
We should __________ _______________ __________ our resources.
2. 新政策对我们有利。
The new policy is __________ _______________ __________.
3. 她在说英语方面比别人有优势。
She has __________ _______________ __________ others in speaking English.
4. 不要利用别人。
Don‘t __________ _______________ __________ others.
二、用 take advantage of / make use of / use 的适当形式填空。
1. We should __________ _______________ __________ our resources.
2. We should __________ _______________ __________ our time wisely.
3. Please _______________ the computer to send an email.
4. Don’t __________ _______________ __________ the poor.
三、用 advantage / advantageous 填空。
1. The new policy is to our _______________.
2. This is an _______________ situation for us.
答案详解:
一、
1. take advantage of——利用,固定搭配。
2. to our advantage——to one‘s advantage,固定搭配。
3. an advantage over——have an advantage over,固定搭配。
4. take advantage of——利用(占便宜),固定搭配。
二、
1. take advantage of——强调利用资源。
2. make use of——强调有效利用。
3. use——最普通用词。
4. take advantage of——占便宜,利用人。
三、
1. advantage——to one’s advantage,名词。
2. advantageous——修饰situation,用形容词。
知识点23:mind(头脑;介意;思维导图)——P.27 1d
教材原句:
· Find clues from the text to complete the mind map.(P.27 1d)从课文中寻找线索来完成思维导图。
讲解:
mind map 思维导图
mind 既可作名词,也可作动词,用法丰富。
一、mind 作名词
意为“头脑;思维;心智”。
结构
含义
例句
mind map
思维导图
We need to draw a mind map.
change one‘s mind
改变主意
She changed her mind at last.
make up one’s mind
下定决心
I have made up my mind to study hard.
keep...in mind
记住
Please keep my words in mind.
bear...in mind
记住
Bear this rule in mind.
come to one‘s mind
想起
A good idea came to my mind.
read one’s mind
看透某人的心思
You can read my mind.
in one‘s mind
在某人的心中
In my mind, she is the best teacher.
二、mind 作动词
意为“介意;在乎”,常用于否定句和疑问句。
结构
含义
例句
mind doing sth
介意做某事
Do you mind opening the window?
mind sb doing sth
介意某人做某事
I don’t mind you smoking here.
Never mind!
没关系;不要紧
—Sorry I‘m late. —Never mind.
Would you mind...?
你介意……吗?(礼貌请求)
Would you mind my closing the door?
翻译:
· She changed her mind at the last minute.
她在最后一刻改变了主意。
· I have made up my mind to study harder.
我已经下定决心更努力学习。
· Please keep my words in mind.
请记住我的话。
· Do you mind closing the window?
你介意关上窗户吗?
· I don’t mind you using my phone.
我不介意你用我的手机。
巩固练习:
一、用 mind 的适当形式填空。
1. We need to draw a _______________ map.
2. She _______________ her mind at last.
3. I have _______________ up my mind to study hard.
4. Please _______________ my words in mind.
5. A good idea came to my_______________.
二、根据汉语提示完成句子。
1. 她改变了主意。
She _______________ her_______________.
2. 我已经下定决心更努力学习。
I have _______________ _______________ my_______________ to study harder.
3. 请记住我的话。
Please _______________ my words _______________ _______________.
4. 你介意关上窗户吗?
Do you ______________________________ the window?
5. 没关系。
_______________ ________________!
答案详解:
一、
1. mind——mind map,思维导图。
2. changed——change one’s mind,用过去时。
3. made——make up one‘s mind,用过去分词。
4. keep——keep...in mind,固定搭配。
5. mind——come to one’s mind,固定搭配。
二、
1. changed; mind——change one‘s mind,固定搭配。
2. made up; mind——make up one’s mind,固定搭配。
3. keep; in mind——keep...in mind,固定搭配。
4. mind closing——mind doing sth,固定搭配。
5. Never mind——Never mind,固定搭配。
知识点24:discover(发现规律)——P.28 2a
教材原句:
· discover learning rules(P.26 2a)发现学习规律
讲解:
discover [动词] 发现(规律、事实等)
discoverer [可数名词] 发现者
【辨析】discover / find / find out
词项
含义
用法
discover
发现
发现原本存在但未知的事物或规律
find
找到
找到丢失的东西或某种结果
find out
查明
通过调查或研究找出信息
翻译:
· We discovered the truth.
我们发现了真相。
· I can't find my pen.
我找不到我的钢笔。
· Please find out when the train leaves.
请查明火车什么时候出发。
巩固练习:
用 discover / find / find out 的适当形式填空。
1. We _______________ the truth at last.
2. I can't _______________ my pen.
3. Please _______________ when the train leaves.
答案详解:
1. discovered——发现真相用discover,用过去时。
2. find——找东西用find。
3. find out——查明信息用find out。
知识点25:guidance(指导)——P.26 2b
教材原句:
· This app provides guidance on pronunciation for any words you click on.(P.26 2b)
这个应用程序为你点击的任何单词提供发音指导。
讲解:
guidance [不可数名词] 指导;引导
guide [动词] 指导;引导 [名词] 导游;指南
under the guidance of... 在……的指导下
翻译:
· We need your guidance.
我们需要你的指导。
· He studied under the guidance of Professor Li.
他在李教授的指导下学习。
巩固练习:
根据汉语提示完成句子。
1. 我们需要你的指导。
We need your_______________.
2. 他在李教授的指导下学习。
He studied _______________ the _______________ of Professor Li.
答案详解:
1. guidance——指导用guidance。
2. under; guidance——在……的指导下用under the guidance of...。
知识点26: through(通过)——P.29 3a
教材原句:
· ...through books she has become the wise and smart person I know.(P.29 3a)
……通过书籍,她成为了我认识的那位睿智而聪明的人。
讲解:
through [介词] 通过;穿过
through [介词] 凭借;因为
【辨析】through / across / over
词项
含义
用法
through
穿过
从内部穿过(空间、时间、媒介)
across
横过
从表面横过
over
越过
从上方越过
翻译:
· I learned a lot through reading.
我通过阅读学到了很多。
· He walked through the forest.
他穿过了森林。
巩固练习:
用 through / across / over 填空。
1. I learned a lot _______________ reading.
2. He walked _______________ the forest.
3. She swam _______________ the river.
4. The bird flew _______________ the wall.
答案详解:
1. through——通过某种方式用through。
2. through——从内部穿过森林用through。
3. across——横过河流用across。
4. over——越过墙用over。
知识点27:because 与 because of 的区分——P.29 3a
教材原句:
· Because of my mother’s love of reading, our home is full of books on different subjects.(P.29 3a)
因为我母亲热爱阅读,我们家里摆满了各种不同科目的书。
讲解:
because 与 because of 都表示“因为”,但用法不同:
词项
词性
后接成分
例句
because
连词
句子(主语 + 谓语)
I didn‘t go to school because I was ill.
because of
介词短语
名词 / 代词 / 动名词
I didn’t go to school because of my illness.
【用法对比】
结构
示例
because + 完整句子
Because it rained, we stayed at home.
because of + 名词/代词
Because of the rain, we stayed at home.
because of + 动名词
Because of raining, we stayed at home.
because of + 名词性短语
Because of my mother‘s love of reading, our home is full of books.
翻译:
· I didn’t go to school because I was ill.
我没去上学,因为我病了。
· I didn‘t go to school because of my illness.
我因为生病没去上学。
巩固练习:
一、用 because / because of 填空。
1. I didn’t go to school _______________ I was ill.
2. I didn‘t go to school _______________ my illness.
3. We stayed at home _______________ the rain.
4. We stayed at home _______________ it was raining.
5. _______________ my mother’s love of reading, our home is full of books.
6. _______________ I was tired, I went to bed early.
二、根据汉语提示完成句子。
1. 我因为生病没去上学。
I didn‘t go to school _______________ I was ill.
= I didn’t go to school _______________ __________ my illness.
2. 因为下雨,我们待在家里。
_______________ __________ the rain, we stayed at home.
= _______________ it was raining, we stayed at home.
三、判断下列句子正误,错误的请改正。
1. Because of I was ill, I stayed at home. ( )
2. Because of my illness, I stayed at home. ( )
3. Because it rained, we stayed at home. ( )
4. Because of the rain, we stayed at home. ( )
答案详解:
一、
1. because——后接句子 I was ill。
2. because of——后接名词 my illness。
3. because of——后接名词 the rain。
4. because——后接句子 it was raining。
5. Because of——后接名词短语 my mother‘s love of reading。
6. Because——后接句子 I was tired。
二、
1. because; because of——because接句子,because of接名词。
2. Because of; Because——because of接名词,because接句子。
三、
1. (×)——Because of 不能接句子。改正:Because I was ill, I stayed at home.
2. (√)——Because of 接名词。
3. (√)——Because 接句子。
4. (√)——Because of 接名词。
知识点28:be full of(充满)——P.27 3a
教材原句:
· Because of my mother‘s love of reading, our home is full of books on different subjects.(P.293a)
因为我母亲热爱阅读,我们家里摆满了各种不同科目的书。
讲解:
be full of 意为“充满……;装满……”,强调状态。
【常见搭配】
结构
含义
例句
be full of
充满(强调状态)
The room is full of people.
be filled with
被……填满(强调动作或状态)
The glass is filled with water.
fill...with...
用……装满……(强调动作)
She filled the glass with water.
【辨析】be full of / be filled with
词项
含义
侧重点
be full of
充满
强调状态,意为“装满的”
be filled with
被……填满
强调动作的结果,意为“被填满的”
例句对比:
· The room is full of people. 房间里挤满了人。(状态)
· The room is filled with people. 房间里被人挤满了。(动作结果)
【注意】
· full 是形容词,意为“满的”。
· fill 是动词,意为“填满”。
· ❌ The room full with people.(缺少be动词)
· ✅ The room is full of people.(正确)
翻译:
· The basket is full of fruits.
篮子里装满了水果。
· Her eyes were full of tears.
她的眼里充满了泪水。
· She filled the box with books.
她把箱子装满了书。
巩固练习:
一、用 be full of / be filled with / fill...with 的适当形式填空。
1. The room _______________ people.
2. The glass _______________ water.
3. She _______________ the glass _______________ water.
4. Her eyes _______________ tears.
5. The basket _______________ fruits.
二、根据汉语提示完成句子。
1. 房间里挤满了人。
The room _______________ _______________ people.
2. 她的眼里充满了泪水。
Her eyes _______________ _______________ tears.
3. 她把箱子装满了书。
She _______________ the box _______________ books.
4. 瓶子里装满了水。
The bottle _______________ _______________ water.
三、用 full / fill 填空。
1. The room is _______________ of people.
2. Please _______________ the bottle with water.
3. The basket is _______________ of fruits.
答案详解:
一、
1. is full of——描述状态,用is full of。
2. is filled with——描述被……填满的状态,用is filled with。
3. filled; with——fill...with...为固定搭配,强调动作。
4. were full of——描述过去状态,用were full of。
5. is full of——描述状态,用is full of。
二、
1. is full of——be full of为固定搭配。
2. were full of——be full of为固定搭配,描述过去状态。
3. filled; with——fill...with...为固定搭配。
4. is filled with——be filled with为固定搭配。
三、
1. full——be full of固定搭配。
2. fill——fill...with...为固定搭配。
3. full——be full of固定搭配。
知识点29:no longer(不再)——P.29 3a
教材原句:
· I found children‘s books no longer kept me interested.(P.29 3a)我发现儿童书籍不再让我感兴趣了。
讲解:
no longer 意为“不再”,相当于 not...any longer。
no longer 通常放在实义动词之前,be动词/助动词之后。
【辨析】no longer / not...any longer / no more / not...any more
词项
含义
侧重点
例句
no longer
不再
强调时间上不再延续
He no longer lives here.
not...any longer
不再
强调时间上不再延续
He doesn’t live here any longer.
no more
不再
强调次数/数量上不再
I will see him no more.
not...any more
不再
强调次数/数量上不再
I won‘t see him any more.
【注意】
· no longer 放在句中,not...any longer 放在句末。
· 两者可以互换,但语序不同。
翻译:
· She no longer works here.
她不再在这里工作了。
· She doesn’t work here any longer.
她不再在这里工作了。
· He is no longer a student.
他不再是学生了。
巩固练习:
一、用 no longer / not...any longer / no more / not...any more 填空。
1. He _______________ lives here.
2. He doesn’t live here _______________ _______________.
3. I will see him _______________ _______________.
4. I won‘t see him _______________ _______________.
5. She is _______________ a student.
6. Children’s books _______________ kept me interested.
二、根据汉语提示完成句子。
1. 他不再在这里工作了。
He _______________ _______________ works here.
= He _______________ work here_______________ _______________.
2. 她不再是学生了。
She is ______________________________ a student.
三、句型转换(改为同义句)。
1. He no longer lives here.
→ He _______________ _______________ here _______________ _______________.
2. She doesn‘t work here any longer.
→ She _______________ _______________ works here.
答案详解:
一、
1. no longer——放在句中,实义动词之前。
2. any longer——not...any longer,放在句末。
3. no more——放在句末,强调次数上不再。
4. any more——not...any more,放在句末。
5. no longer——放在be动词之后。
6. no longer——放在实义动词之前。
二、
1. no longer; doesn’t; any longer——no longer放在句中;not...any longer放在句末。
2. no longer——no longer放在be动词之后。
三、
1. doesn‘t; live; any longer——no longer = not...any longer。
2. no longer——not...any longer = no longer。
知识点30:keep(保持;使……持续)——P.29 3a
教材原句:
· I found children’s books no longer kept me interested.(P.293a)我发现儿童书籍不再让我感兴趣了。
讲解:
keep 在句中意为“使……保持某种状态”,结构为 keep + 宾语 + 形容词/介词短语/现在分词。
【常见搭配】
结构
含义
例句
keep + 宾语 + 形容词
使……保持……状态
Keep the door open.
keep + 宾语 + 现在分词
使……一直做某事
He kept me waiting.
keep + 宾语 + 介词短语
使……处于某位置
Keep your hands in your pockets.
keep doing sth
一直做某事
She kept talking.
keep sb from doing sth
阻止某人做某事
The rain kept us from going out.
【辨析】keep doing / keep on doing
词项
含义
用法
keep doing
一直做某事
强调动作的持续性,中间不停止
keep on doing
继续做某事
强调动作的反复性,可能中间有停顿
例句对比:
· He kept reading for three hours. 他连续读了三个小时。(持续不停)
· He kept on asking questions. 他不停地问问题。(反复问)
翻译:
· Please keep the classroom clean.
请保持教室干净。
· She kept me waiting for an hour.
她让我等了一个小时。
· We should keep learning every day.
我们应该每天坚持学习。
巩固练习:
一、用所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. Please keep the classroom _______________(clean).
2. She kept me _______________(wait)for an hour.
3. He kept _______________(talk)for three hours.
4. The rain kept us from _______________(go)out.
5. She kept on _______________(ask)questions.
6. Children‘s books no longer kept me _______________(interest).
二、根据汉语提示完成句子。
1. 请保持教室干净。
Please _______________ the classroom_______________.
2. 她让我等了一个小时。
She _______________ me _______________ for an hour.
3. 我们应该每天坚持学习。
We should _______________ _______________ every day.
4. 大雨阻止了我们外出。
The rain _______________ us_______________ _______________ out.
5. 我发现儿童书籍不再让我感兴趣了。
I found children’s books no longer _______________ me _______________.
三、用 keep / stay 填空。
1. Please _______________ quiet.
2. He _______________ in the hotel during the holiday.
3. We should _______________ healthy.
4. The weather will _______________ warm for a few days.
答案详解:
一、
1. clean——keep + 宾语 + 形容词,用形容词。
2. waiting——keep sb doing,用现在分词。
3. talking——keep doing,用现在分词。
4. going——keep sb from doing,介词后用动名词。
5. asking——keep on doing,用动名词。
6. interested——keep + 宾语 + 形容词,修饰人用interested。
二、
1. keep; clean——keep + 宾语 + 形容词。
2. kept; waiting——keep sb doing,用过去时。
3. keep learning——keep doing,表示持续做某事。
4. kept; from going——keep sb from doing,表示阻止某人做某事。
5. kept; interested——keep + 宾语 + 形容词,修饰人用interested。
三、
1. keep——保持安静,强调“使保持”的状态。
2. stayed——待在酒店,强调“停留”。
3. keep——保持健康,强调“使保持”的状态。
4. stay——天气将持续温暖,强调“维持不变”。
知识点31:allow(允许;使……成为可能)——P.29 3a
教材原句:
· Reading opened up new worlds and allowed me to discover new things for myself.(P.29 3a)
阅读打开了新世界,让我能够自己去发现新事物。
讲解:
allow [动词] 允许;准许;使……成为可能
allow doing sth 允许做某事
allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事
be allowed to do sth 被允许做某事
【常见搭配】
结构
含义
例句
allow doing sth
允许做某事
The school doesn‘t allow smoking.
allow sb to do sth
允许某人做某事
My parents allow me to watch TV.
allow sb sth
给予某人某物
The teacher allowed us five minutes.
be allowed to do sth
被允许做某事
We are not allowed to eat in class.
allow for
考虑到;顾及
We must allow for the weather.
【辨析】allow / permit / let
词项
含义
用法
正式程度
allow
允许
allow sb to do / allow doing
最常用,中性
permit
允许;许可
permit sb to do / permit doing
较正式,多用于书面语
let
让;允许
let sb do(不加to)
较口语化,非正式
翻译:
· My parents allow me to go out on weekends.
我父母允许我周末外出。
· We are not allowed to use phones during class.
课堂上不允许我们使用手机。
巩固练习:
一、用所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. The school doesn‘t allow _______________(smoke).
2. My parents allow me _______________(watch)TV.
3. We are not allowed _______________(eat)in class.
4. Reading _______________ me to discover new things.
5. The teacher allowed us _______________(use)dictionaries.
二、根据汉语提示完成句子。
1. 学校不允许在教室里吃东西。
The school doesn’t allow _______________ in the classroom.
2. 我父母允许我周末外出。
My parents _______________ me __________ __________ out on weekends.
3. 课堂上不允许我们使用手机。
We __________ _______________ __________ __________ use phones during class.
4. 阅读让我能够自己去发现新事物。
Reading _______________ me __________ discover new things for myself.
三、用 allow / permit / let 的适当形式填空。
1. My parents _______________ me to watch TV.
2. The teacher _______________ us to leave early.
3. Please _______________ me help you.
4. The new technology _______________ us to finish the work faster.
答案详解:
一、
1. smoking——allow doing,用动名词。
2. to watch——allow sb to do,用不定式。
3. to eat——be allowed to do,用不定式。
4. allowed——作谓语动词,描述过去情况,用过去式。
5. to use——allow sb to do,用不定式。
二、
1. eating——allow doing,用动名词。
2. allow; to go——allow sb to do,固定搭配。
3. are not allowed to——be allowed to do,被动语态。
4. allowed; to——allow sb to do,描述过去情况,用过去式。
三、
1. allow——allow sb to do,最常用。
2. permitted——允许,较正式,用permit。
3. let——let sb do(不加to),口语化。
4. allowed——使……成为可能,用allow。
知识点32:help(帮助)——P.29 3a
教材原句:
· …has helped me a lot with my schoolwork and made me more confident about my future.(P.29 3a)
我相信阅读对我的学业帮助很大,并且让我对自己的未来更加自信。
【常见搭配】
结构
含义
例句
help sb (to) do sth
帮助某人做某事
She helped me (to) clean the room.
help (to) do sth
帮助做某事
Reading helps (to) improve our knowledge.
help sb with sth
在某方面帮助某人
Can you help me with my English?
help oneself (to)
自用;自取(食物等)
Help yourself to some fruit.
can‘t help doing sth
忍不住做某事
I can’t help laughing.
【注意】
· help sb (to) do sth 中的 to 可以省略,但在被动语态中 to 不能省略。
· 主动语态:She helped me clean the room.(可省略to)
· 被动语态:I was helped to clean the room.(必须保留to)
翻译:
· I can‘t help laughing when I see him.
当我看到他时,我忍不住笑。
· Help yourself to some cake.
请随便吃点蛋糕。
巩固练习:
一、用所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. She helped me _______________(clean)the room.
2. Reading helps _______________(improve)our knowledge.
3. I can’t help _______________(laugh)when I see him.
4. Please help _______________(you)to some fruit.
二、根据汉语提示完成句子。
1. 阅读对我的学业帮助很大。
Reading has _______________ me a lot _______________ my schoolwork.
2. 你能帮助我解决这个问题吗?
Can you _______________ me _______________ this problem?
3. 请随便吃点蛋糕。
_______________ _______________ to some cake.
4. 当我看到他时,我忍不住笑。
I __________ __________ _______________ when I see him.
三、句型转换(改为被动语态)。
She helped me clean the room.
→ I _______________ _______________ _______________ clean the room.
答案详解:
一、
1. clean / to clean——help sb (to) do,可省略to。
2. improve / to improve——help (to) do,可省略to。
3. laughing——can‘t help doing,固定搭配。
4. yourself——help yourself to,固定搭配。
二、
1. helped; with——help sb with,固定搭配。
2. help; with——help sb with,固定搭配。
3. Help yourself——help yourself to,固定搭配。
4. can’t help laughing——can‘t help doing,固定搭配。
三、was helped to——被动语态中to不能省略。
知识点33:make(使;让)——P.29 3a
教材原句:
· …has helped me a lot with my schoolwork and made me more confident about my future.(P.29 3a)
我相信阅读对我的学业帮助很大,并且让我对自己的未来更加自信。
讲解:
make [使役动词] 使;让;使成为
make + 宾语 + 形容词 使某人/某物变得……
make + 宾语 + 名词 使某人/某物成为……
make + 宾语 + 动词原形 使某人/某物做某事
make sb do sth 的被动语态为 sb be made to do sth(to不能省略)
【常见搭配】
结构
含义
例句
make sb/sth + 形容词
使……变得……
The news made me happy.
make sb/sth + 名词
使……成为……
We made him our monitor.
make sb do sth
使某人做某事
She made me laugh.
make sb/sth done
使……被……
I made myself understood.
be made to do sth
被迫做某事
He was made to work all day.
be made of / from / in / by
由……制成/在哪里制造/由谁制造
The table is made of wood.
【辨析】make + 宾语 + 形容词 / make + 宾语 + 动词原形
结构
含义
例句
make + 宾语 + 形容词
使……变得……
Reading made me confident.
make + 宾语 + 动词原形
使……做……
She made me laugh.
【注意】
· 感官动词和使役动词接不带to的不定式作宾补,但被动语态中要还原to。
· 主动:She made me laugh.
· 被动:I was made to laugh.
翻译:
· The good news made us happy.
好消息让我们很开心。
· My mother made me clean my room.
我妈妈让我打扫房间。
· I made myself understood with my broken English.
我用蹩脚的英语让自己被理解了。
巩固练习:
一、用所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. The news made me _______________(happy).
2. She made me _______________(laugh).
3. I was made _______________(work)all day.
4. Reading made me _______________(confidence)about my future.
5. We made him _______________(be)our monitor.
二、根据汉语提示完成句子。
1. 好消息让我们很开心。
The good news _______________ us _______________.
2. 我妈妈让我打扫房间。
My mother _______________ me _______________ my room.
3. 他被迫每天工作12小时。
He _______________ _______________ _______________ work 12 hours a day.
4. 阅读让我对自己的未来更加自信。
Reading _______________ me _______________ _______________ about my future.
三、句型转换(改为被动语态)。
She made me laugh.
→ I _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________.
答案详解:
一、
1. happy——make + 宾语 + 形容词,用形容词。
2. laugh——make + 宾语 + 动词原形。
3. to work——被动语态中要还原to。
4. confident——make + 宾语 + 形容词,用形容词。
5. be——make + 宾语 + 动词原形。
二、
1. made; happy——make + 宾语 + 形容词。
2. made; clean——make sb do,用动词原形。
3. was made to——被动语态中to不能省略。
4. made; more confident——make + 宾语 + 形容词。
三、
was made to laugh——被动语态中to不能省略。
知识点34:rate(评分)——P.30 4a
教材原句:
· Rate each method from 1 to 10.(P.30 4a)用1到10分为每个方法评分。
讲解:
rate [动词] 评分;评价 [名词] 比率;速率
rate...from...to... 从……到……评分
翻译:
· Please rate this restaurant from 1 t o 5.
请用1到5分为这家餐厅评分。
· The birth rate is going down.
出生率在下降。
巩固练习:
根据汉语提示完成句子。
1. 请用1到5分为这家餐厅评分。
Please _______________ this restaurant from 1 to 5.
2. 出生率在下降。
The birth _______________ is going down.
答案详解:
1. rate——评分用rate。
2. rate——比率用rate。
知识点35:motivation(动力)——P.30 4a
教材原句:
· having deep motivation(P.28 30)有深层动力
讲解:
motivation [不可数名词] 动力;积极性
motivate [动词] 激发;促使
motivated [形容词] 有动力的;积极的
翻译:
· She lacks motivation to study.
她缺乏学习的动力。
· His words motivated me to work harder.
他的话激励我更加努力地工作。
巩固练习:
用 motivation / motivate / motivated 填空。
1. She lacks _______________ to study.
2. His words _______________ me to work harder.
3. She is a _______________ student.
答案详解:
1. motivation——作名词,意为"动力"。
2. motivated——作动词过去式,意为"激励"。
3. motivated——作形容词,意为"有动力的"。
P.29 Reflecting
知识点36:名言警句——P.30
教材原句:
· It is not just about what we need to learn, but how we learn.(P.30)
重要的不仅是我们需要学什么,而是我们如何学。
讲解:
not just...but... 不仅……而且……
not only...but also... 不仅……而且……
翻译:
· It's not just about knowledge, but about attitude.
这不仅关乎知识,更关乎态度。
· She is not only beautiful but also kind.
她不仅漂亮而且善良。
巩固练习:
根据汉语提示完成句子。
1. 重要的不仅是我们需要学什么,而是我们如何学。
It is _______________ _______________ about what we need to learn, _______________ how we learn.
2. 她不仅漂亮而且善良。
She is _______________ _______________ beautiful _______________ _______________ kind.
答案详解:
1. not just; but——not just...but...为固定搭配。
2. not only; but also——not only...but also...为固定搭配。
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