必修第二册 Unit 6 Earth first(环保）-【高考快车道】2027年高考英语大一轮总复习高考真题单元话题分类汇编（外研版）

**基本信息** 围绕“环保”主题汇编2018-2025年高考英语真题，涵盖阅读理解、语法填空等题型，以真实情境考查语言能力与环保意识，适配一轮复习需求。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解|5篇（20题）|环保措施、生态设计、塑料污染、生物入侵、雨林生态|选用全国卷/新高考真题，情境贴近社会热点（如塑料雕塑、衣物租赁），问题设计含细节理解（如2018浙江卷24题）、推理判断（如2023新高考Ⅰ卷27题）、主旨大意（如2020全国Ⅱ卷31题），梯度分明| |语法填空|2篇（20空）|冠词、名词复数、非谓语动词、定语从句等|结合环保主题（如衣物租赁、海洋保护），考查语法在真实语境中的应用（如2025浙江1月考56题冠词a，2021新高考Ⅱ卷57题非谓语thinking）|

Unit 6 Earth first （环保） 阅读理解 [2025·全国一卷] A The greening of planes, trains and automobiles Moving goods and people around the world is responsible for a large part of global CO2 emissions(排放). As the world races to decarbonize everything, it faces particular problems with transportation—which accounts for about a quarter of our energy-related greenhouse gas emissions. Here􀆳s the breakdown of the emissions in 2018 for different modes of transport. 　　The fuels for transport need to be not just green, cheap and powerful, but also lightweight and safe enough to be carried around. Each mode of transport has its specific fuel needs. Much is still to be settled, but here are some of the solutions to get us going green. 　　This energy transition(变革) is global, and the amount of renewable energy the world will need is “a little bit mind-blowing,” says mechanical engineer Keith Wipke at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. It􀆳s estimated that the global demand for electricity could more than double by 2050. Fortunately, analyses suggest that renewables are up to the task. “We need to speed up the development of green energy, and it will all get used,” says Wipke. (　)21.What percentage of global transport emissions did road vehicles account for in 2018? 　　　　　 　　　　　 　　　　　 A.11.6%. B.45.1%. C.74.5%. D.86.1%. (　)22.Which mode of transport can go green comparatively easily? A.Planes. B.Trucks. C.Trains. D.Ships. (　)23.What does Wipke suggest regarding energy transition? A.Limiting fuel consumption. B.Putting more effort into renewables. C.Improving energy efficiency. D.Making electricity more affordable. 【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了2018年不同交通方式的温室气体排放占比,以及飞机、汽车等各类交通工具的未来绿色燃料路径。 【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了2018年不同交通方式的温室气体排放占比,以及飞机、汽车等各类交通工具的未来绿色燃料路径。 1.C　细节理解题。根据图表信息ROAD VEHICLES部分中“ROAD (PASSENGER) 45.1%”[道路(客运)45.1%]以及“ROAD (GOODS) 29.4%”[道路(货运)29.4%]可知,道路车辆总占比为(45.1%+29.4%=)74.5%,即道路车辆在2018年全球交通领域温室气体的排放中占比74.5%。故选C。 2.C　细节理解题。根据图表信息可知,飞机需依赖合成碳氢化合物，技术难度高；卡车依赖氢燃料电池，但绿色氢气生产成本高；轮船需使用难以点燃的液态氨，且需重新设计发动机，均存在明显障碍；而火车已有部分实现电气化，剩余部分电动化方式简单，是相对容易实现绿色化的交通方式。故选 C。 3.B　推理判断题。根据最后一段中“‘We need to speed up the development of green energy, and it will all get used,’ says Wipke.”可知,Wipke建议加大对绿色能源的投入,即加大对可再生能源的投入。故选B。 [2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷] B When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example,often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making. After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria(细菌)? Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine. The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污泥). First, he constructed a series of clear fibreglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little,these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge. He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water. Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage(污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China. “Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does.“Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor,” he says.“You put organisms in new relationships and observe what's happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.” (　)24.What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs? A.He was fond of travelling. B.He enjoyed being alone. C.He had an inquiring mind. D.He longed to be a doctor. (　)25.Why did John put the sludge into the tanks? A.To feed the animals. B.To build an ecosystem. C.To protect the plants. D.To test the eco-machine. (　)26.What is the author's purpose in mentioning Fuzhou? A.To review John's research plans. B.To show an application of John's idea. C.To compare John's different jobs. D.To erase doubts about John's invention. (　)27.What is the basis for John's work? A.Nature can repair itself. B.Organisms need water to survive. C.Life on Earth is diverse. D.Most tiny creatures live in groups. 【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了约翰·托德从小就很爱观察自然且爱思考,他利用自然可以自我修复的原理建造了生态机器等设备来净化污水。 24.C　细节理解题。根据第一段“When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.”可知,当约翰长大后,他开始想弄明白这个过程是否可以用来清理人们正在制造的脏乱。再结合第二段“After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions.”可知,在大学里学习了农业、医学和渔业之后,约翰回去观察自然并提出问题。由此可知,从前两段中我们可以知道约翰有一种好学爱问的思维方式。 25.D　推理判断题。根据文章第二段“He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.”可知,他决定建造一种后来被他称为生态机器的机器。再结合第三段“Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge.”以及第四段“The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.”可知,约翰把污泥放进水箱里是为了测试他的生态机器。 26.B　细节理解题。根据第五段“Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage(污水)from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.”可知,多年来,约翰做了许多重要的工作。他开发了一个类似温室的设施,可以处理南伯灵顿1600个家庭的污水。他还设计了一种生态机器来清洁中国东南部城市福州的运河水。由此可知,作者提及福州的目的是展示约翰的想法的应用。 27.A　推理判断题。根据最后一段“You put organisms in new relationships and observe what's happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.”可知,你把生物放在新的关系中,观察会发生什么。然后让这些新系统自行发展自我修复的方式。由此可知,约翰工作的基础是自然可以自我修复。 [2021·全国乙卷] C You've heard that plastic is polluting the oceans—between 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes enter ocean ecosystems every year. But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products. At the beginning of the year, the artist built a piece called“Strawpocalypse,” a pair of 10-foot-tall plastic waves, frozen mid-crash. Made of 168,000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping centre in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source(来源) of plastic pollution, but they've recently come under fire because most people don't need them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. Every straw that's part of Von Wong's artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes. Once the drink is gone, the straw will take centuries to disappear. In a piece from 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate(说明) a specific statistic: every 60 seconds, a truckload's worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled “Truckload of Plastic,” Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they'd been dumped(倾倒) from a truck all at once. Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint. (　　)28.What are Von Wong's artworks intended for? A.Beautifying the city he lives in. B.Introducing eco-friendly products. C.Drawing public attention to plastic waste. D.Reducing garbage on the beach. (　　)29.Why does the author discuss plastic straws in Paragraph 3? A.To show the difficulty of their recycling. B.To explain why they are useful. C.To voice his views on modern art. D.To find a substitute for them. (　　)30.What effect would “Truckload of Plastic” have on viewers? A.Calming. B.Disturbing. C.Refreshing. D.Challenging. (　　)31.Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A.Artists' opinions on plastic safety B.Media interest in contemporary art C.Responsibility demanded of big companies D.Ocean plastics transformed into sculptures 【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。我们常常对海洋塑料垃圾深恶痛绝,但是艺术家Benjamin Von Wong却让其变废为宝,把这些塑料垃圾制成了雕塑品,也让公众看到更多回收利用海洋塑料垃圾的可能。 28.C　细节理解题。 根据第一段最后一句“He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.”可知,Von Wong制作这些塑料雕塑品就是为了让大家关注这些塑料垃圾。故选C。 29.A　推理判断题。根据第三段中“…because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled.”可知,这一段提到塑料吸管是为了告诉我们它们回收起来很困难。故选A。 30.B　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段可知,每分钟都会有一卡车的塑料垃圾倒入大海中,Von Wong和一群志愿者收集了一万多件塑料制品,然后把它们绑在一起,看起来就像一次性从卡车上倒下来这么多垃圾一样。这么多的塑料垃圾被倾倒下来,观看者看到这样的景象肯定是不舒服的,B项“Disturbing.”符合题意。故选B。 31.D　主旨大意题。文章第一段就提到了Von Wong把塑料垃圾制成雕塑品的做法,紧接着对这个做法进行解释说明。因此文章的最佳标题是D项(海洋塑料转化成雕塑品)。故选D。 [2020·全国卷II] C When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday list, fur probably didn't cross your mind. But some ecologists and fashion(时装) enthusiasts are trying to bring back the market for fur made from nutria(海狸鼠). Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have showcased nutria fur made into clothes in different styles. “It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur—unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year,” says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur. Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail. Some of the fur ends up in the fashion shows like the one in Brooklyn last month. Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild. “The ecosystem down there can't handle this non-native species(物种).It's destroying the environment. It's them or us,” says Michael Massimi, an expert in this field. The fur trade kept nutria in check for decades,but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s,the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy. Biologist Edmond Mouton runs the nutria control programme for Louisiana. He says it's not easy to convince people that nutria fur is green, but he has no doubt about it. Hunters bring in more than 300,000 nutria tails a year, so part of Mouton's job these days is trying to promote fur. Then there's Righteous Fur and its unusual fashions. Model Paige Morgan says,“To give people a guilt-free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them—I think that's going to be a massive thing, at least here in New York.” Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria fur for her creations is morally acceptable. She's trying to come up with a label to attach to nutria fashions to show it is eco-friendly. (　　)28.What is the purpose of the fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn? A.To promote guilt-free fur. B.To expand the fashion market. C.To introduce a new brand. D.To celebrate a winter holiday. (　　)29.Why are scientists concerned about nutria? A.Nutria damage the ecosystem seriously. B.Nutria are an endangered species. C.Nutria hurt local cat-sized animals. D.Nutria are illegally hunted. (　　)30.What does the underlined word “collapsed” in Paragraph 5 probably mean? A.Boomed. B.Became mature. C.Remained stable. D.Crashed. (　　)31.What can we infer about wearing fur in New York according to Morgan? A.It's formal. B.It's risky. C.It's harmful. D.It's traditional. 【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。 穿皮草通常是环保主义者所反对的事情,然而一个时装展却通过推广皮草来促进由海狸鼠的毛制成的皮草贸易。实际上,海狸鼠已经泛滥到与人势不两立的程度,它们给湿地和生态环境造成了巨大的破坏。 28.A　细节理解题。由第一段“…are trying to bring back the market for fur…”以及第二段中的“‘It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur…’”可知,在新奥尔良和布鲁克林所举办的时装展旨在推广不会使人产生内疚的皮草。故选A。 29.A　推理判断题。由第三段提到的科学家们付给猎户5美元买一条海狸鼠尾巴和第四段提到的海狸鼠泛滥,破坏当地环境,已经达到和人势不两立的程度可推知,科学家担忧的是海狸鼠对生态环境造成的巨大破坏。故选A。 30.D　词义猜测题。根据第五段中的“…the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.”可知,在20世纪80年代末海狸鼠市场崩溃后,海狸鼠的数目就开始疯狂地增长。由此可知,collapse和crash同义。故选D。 31.B　推理判断题。由最后一段中的“‘…they can wear without someone throwing paint on them…’”可知,在纽约穿皮草可能会被人泼油漆,由此可推知,这是危险的。故选B。 D [2020·全国新高考Ⅱ卷] Rainforests are home to a rich variety of medicinal plants, food, birds and animals. Can you believe that a single bush(灌木丛)in the Amazon may have more species of ants than the whole of Britain! About 480 varieties of trees may be found in just one hectare of rainforest. Rainforests are the lungs of the planet—storing vast quantities of carbon dioxide and producing a significant amount of the world's oxygen. Rainforests have their own perfect system for ensuring their own survival; the tall trees make a canopy(树冠层)of branches and leaves which protect themselves, smaller plants, and the forest animals from heavy rain, intense dry heat from the sun and strong winds. Amazingly, the trees grow in such a way that their leaves and branches, although close together, never actually touch those of another tree. Scientists think this is the plants' way to prevent the spread of any tree diseases and make life more difficult for leaf-eating insects like caterpillars. To survive in the forest, animals must climb, jump or fly across the gaps. The ground floor of the forest is not all tangled leaves and bushes, like in films, but is actually fairly clear. It is where dead leaves turn into food for the trees and other forest life. They are not called rainforests for nothing! Rainforests can generate 75%of their own rain. At least 80 inches of rain a year is normal—and in some areas there may be as much as 430 inches of rain annually. This is real rain—your umbrella may protect you in a shower, but it won't keep you dry if there is a full rainstorm. In just two hours, streams can rise ten to twenty feet. The humidity(湿气)of large rainforests contributes to the formation of rainclouds that may travel to other countries in need of rain. (　　)32.What can we learn about rainforests from the first paragraph? A.They produce oxygen. B.They cover a vast area. C.They are well managed. D.They are rich in wildlife. (　　)33.Which of the following contributes most to the survival of rainforests? A.Heavy rains. B.Big trees. C.Small plants. D.Forest animals. (　　)34.Why do the leaves and branches of different trees avoid touching each other? A.For more sunlight. B.For more growing space. C.For self-protection. D.For the detection of insects. (　　)35.What can be a suitable title for the text? A.Life-giving rainforests B.The law of the jungle C.Animals in the amazon D.Weather in rainforests 【文章大意】 本文是说明文。文章讲述热带雨林蕴藏了丰富的药用植物、食物以及鸟禽猛兽,热带雨林也享有“地球之肺”的美誉,其植物的光合作用净化地球空气的能力尤为强大。雨林还可以自行降雨,庞大的雨林湿气形成的雨云可以飘往缺雨水的国家。 32.D　细节理解题。根据第一段“Rainforests are home to a rich variety of medicinal plants, food, birds and animals.”可知,热带雨林蕴藏了丰富多彩的药用植物、食物以及鸟禽猛兽。由此可知,热带雨林有丰富的野生动植物,故选D。 33.B　细节理解题。根据第二段“Rainforests have their own perfect system for ensuring their own survival; the tall trees make a canopy(树冠层)…strong winds.”可知,热带雨林有自己完美的生存体系,高大的树木用树冠层保护树木本身、小植物、动物们免受大雨和太阳及强风带来的干燥热浪的伤害。由此可知,大树有助于热带雨林的生存,故选B。 34.C　推理判断题。根据第三段“Scientists think this is the plants' way to prevent the spread of any tree diseases and make life more difficult for leaf-eating insects like caterpillars.”可知,科学家们认为不同树木的树叶和树枝避免彼此触碰是为了自我保护,故选C。 35.A　主旨大意题。本文首先讲述了热带雨林蕴藏了丰富多彩的药用植物、食物以及鸟禽猛兽。其次,讲述了热带雨林是地球的肺——它吸收了大量的二氧化碳,并制造了大量氧气。最后,讲述了雨林可以形成自我所需降雨量的75%,而庞大的热带雨林湿气可以形成雨云,这些雨云可以飘往那些缺雨水的国家。由此可以判断出本文最佳标题是“给予生命的热带雨林”,故选A。 [2018·浙江卷] B Steven Stein likes to follow garbage trucks. His strange habit makes sense when you consider that he's an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce litter, including things that fall off garbage trucks as they drive down the road. What is even more interesting is that one of Stein's jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bag. Americans use more than 100 billion thin film plastic bags every year. So many end up in tree branches or along highways that a growing number of cities do not allow them at checkouts(收银台). The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in California, including Los Angeles. Eyeing these headwinds, plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume. Among the bag makers' arguments: many cities with bans still allow shoppers to purchase paper bags, which are easily recycled but require more energy to produce and transport. And while plastic bags may be ugly to look at, they represent a small percentage of all garbage on the ground today. The industry has also taken aim at the product that has appeared as its replacement: reusable shopping bags. The stronger a reusable bag is, the longer its life and the more plastic-bag use it cancels out. However, longer-lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make. One study found that a cotton bag must be used at least 131 times to be better for the planet than plastic. Environmentalists don't dispute(质疑) these points. They hope paper bags will be banned someday too and want shoppers to use the same reusable bags for years. 24.What has Steven Stein been hired to do? A. Help increase grocery sales. B. Recycle the waste material. C. Stop things falling off trucks. D. Argue for the use of plastic bags. 25.What does the word “headwinds” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A. Bans on plastic bags. B. Effects of city development. C. Headaches caused by garbage. D. Plastic bags hung in trees. 26.What is a disadvantage of reusable bags according to plastic-bag makers? A. They are quite expensive. B. Replacing them can be difficult. C. They are less strong than plastic bags. D. Producing them requires more energy. 27.What is the best title for the text? A. Plastic, paper or neither B. Industry, pollution and environment C. Recycle or throw away D. Garbage collection and waste control 【要点综述】 本文是一篇议论文,主要论述了塑料袋和可回收纸袋的使用,到底是该禁止使用塑料袋还是纸袋,还是两者都禁止。让我们读文章了解一下吧。 24.D　推理判断题。根据第一段中“…is defending an industry…”和第二段“…like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.”可推知,Stein被雇来为塑料业,特别是为支持塑料袋的使用而发声,由此选D项。 25.A　词义猜测题。 根据文章第二段“The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in…Eyeing these headwinds,…”可知,约90个城市已经禁止使用塑料袋,看到这些禁令,塑料袋制造商雇佣Stein这样的科学家来表达他们的声音。由此可知headwinds指代上文提到的禁止使用塑料袋,所以选A项。 26.D　细节理解题。根据第三段“…which are easily recycled but require more energy to produce and transport.”可知,塑料袋制造商认为,生产和运输可回收利用的纸袋子会消耗更多的能源,由此选D项。 27.A　主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Environmentalists don't dispute(质疑) these points. They hope paper bags will be banned someday too…”并结合全文可知,本文主要论述了应该禁止塑料袋的使用还是禁止纸袋的使用或者两者都禁止。A项能很好地概括全文,适合做标题。 语法填空 [2025·浙江1月考] 　　The price of fashion—economically and environmentally—has led to the rise of 56.　　　　 new way of dressing, and it􀆳s beginning to take off in Australia, too. As people now choose to wear more clothes fewer 57.　　　　 (time), clothing rental services have become increasingly popular.   “I think it􀆳s an amazing idea,” says Tanya Perilli, who owns a clothing rental shop. “Customers today look past the fact that something is second-hand and focus instead 58.　　　　 the fact that they have something unique to wear 59.　　　　 are not overstuffing their own wardrobes(衣柜) or contributing to landfill.”  Tanya􀆳s shop offers fashion clothes for women 60.　　　　 (rent) rather than purchase them outright, providing a less expensive 61.　　　　 (solve) to one-time event dressing. The concept 62.　　　　 (be) certainly not new—men have been renting good suits for decades—but for female shoppers, it is just taking off. This clothing-as-service model follows the broader societal movement towards shared economies.  Tanya is also looking beyond special-occasion dresses to less formal clothing, 63.　　　　 she plans to package as capsule wardrobes and offer to travellers, such as those headed to weddings abroad, with a longer-term rental period. “I really want to make this work for 64.　　　　 (people) lives today, and I know that doesn􀆳t always mean 65.　　　　 (return) a dress on the Monday after a special weekend,” she says.   【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文,介绍了衣物租赁服务在澳大利亚的兴起及其对经济和环境的影响,强调这一新兴时尚方式不仅减少了浪费,还让消费者能够以更低的成本享受时尚。 56.a　考查冠词。根据句子中的new way of dressing可以判断,空格处需要一个不定冠词,泛指一个新兴的穿衣方式,且new以辅音音素开头,需使用不定冠词a。 57.times　考查名词复数。根据“…wear more clothes fewer…”可以推断,这里需要填入名词复数times,表示重复穿一件衣服的次数较少。 58.on/upon　考查固定搭配。根据句子结构可知,focus后通常会接介词on或upon来引出关注的对象。 59.and　考查连词。空前have something unique to wear与空后are not overstuffing their own wardrobes为并列的谓语结构，共同作the fact that从句的谓语，需用连词 and 连接，表并列关系。 60.to rent　考查非谓语动词。此处为非谓语动词作目的状语，“offer sth. for sb. to do” 表示 “为某人提供某物以做某事”。故填 to rent。 61.solution　考查名词。形容词less expensive后需接名词，且空前有不定冠词a，用单数形式。 62.is　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句子主语the concept是单数形式,且语境提示此处是对事实的描述,因此需要使用一般现在时,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 63.which　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词clothing,指物,关系词在从句中作package 和offer的宾语,因此需用关系代词which引导定语从句。 64.people􀆳s　考查名词的所有格形式。空格后的lives是复数形式,此处表示“人们的生活”,因此需要填入所有格形式people􀆳s。 65.returning　考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知,mean在此处指“意味着”,mean doing sth是固定搭配,故空格处需要填入v.-ing形式。 [2021·新高考全国II卷] I've always loved the ocean. In the 56.　　　　　　　 (seven) grade,I started volunteering at the Monterey Bay Aquarium in California. I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage, 57.　　　　　　 (think) it is food.  I decided to do something 58.　　　　　 (educate) people about this problem. I held presentations at schools to teach kids about plastic waste. I wanted to reach businesses too. I decided that if I learned of a company 59.　　　　　　　 used a lot of plastic, I'd send it an e-mail urging it to cut back.  One day, I saw a commercial for a health-care company. People in the ad were using plastic straws(吸管). I found the contact information of the company 60.　　　　　　　 e-mailed its president. I told him how 61.　　　　　　　 (harm) plastic could be to the environment and asked him to consider using more eco-friendly options. I was so 62.　　　　　　　 (excite) when he wrote back to me.He said he would make sure that the company cut its use of plastic straws in half.  I kept going. Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I'd send an e-mail. One of the biggest companies I wrote to 63.　　　　　　　 (be) Alaska Airlines Paris. A company 64.　　　　　　　 (represent) wrote back and told me the airline was switching over 65.　　　　　　　 plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights.  【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者为了保护海洋,减少塑料垃圾所做出的努力。 56.seventh 　考查序数词。根据空格前的the以及七年级指的是第7个年级可知,此处需用序数词。 57.thinking　考查非谓语动词。从句的谓语动词是eat,故空格处应用非谓语动词形式。根据从句主语many sea animals与think之间是主动关系可知,此处需用现在分词作状语。 58.to educate　考查非谓语动词。此处应用不定式作目的状语。 59.which/that　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知, …used a lot of plastic是一个定语从句,修饰先行词a company,关系词在从句中作主语,指物,故用which或that引导该定语从句。 60.and　考查连词。句中的“found”和“e-mailed”之间是并列关系,故用and连接两个并列的谓语动词。 61.harmful 　考查形容词。此处是how引导的宾语从句,how修饰形容词或副词。再根据句中的could be可知其后应用形容词作表语,故用harmful。 62.excited　考查形容词。句子的主语是I,指人,故此空是表达人的情绪,故用-ed结尾的形容词。 63.was　考查时态和主谓一致。本句的主语是one of the biggest companies,故谓语动词用单数形式。再根据文章的主体时态是一般过去时可知,此空也用一般过去时,故用was。 64.representative　考查名词。根据空前的a company和空格后的wrote back可知此空是主语,需用represent的名词形式representative。 65.from　考查介词。固定用法switch over from…to…表示“从……转换到……”。 应用文写作 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $