选择性必修第三册 Unit 4 A glimpse of the future（word练习）-【高考快车道】2027年高考英语大一轮总复习课时作业（外研版）

**基本信息** 聚焦“未来科技与社会”主题，整合多文体语篇，通过阅读理解、七选五及完形填空考查语言能力与思维品质，体现一轮复习综合应用特色。 **综合设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解|2篇（345-371词）|细节理解、词义猜测、推理判断|围绕“科技应用”子话题（仙人掌取水技术、AI交通监控），构建“自然启发-技术研发-社会应用”逻辑链| |阅读七选五|1篇（272词）|段落衔接、主题句匹配|以“智能绿色城市”为核心，按“能源-交通-建筑-公民参与”维度展开，考查信息整合能力| |完形填空|1篇（272词）|语境词汇辨析、上下文逻辑|通过“智能眼镜实验”叙事，体现“技术创新-伦理思考”关系，强化语篇连贯理解|

Unit 4　A glimpse of the future ●ⅠA 【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家受仙人掌启发,研发出了可以在干旱地区收集露水的金属结构,为干旱地区提供清洁水源。 1.D　词义猜测题。根据第一段“We all know cacti (仙人掌) store water—but to survive, they also adjust their flower positions to gain more sunlight or shade, and so much more. Scientists have been copying the resilient plants’ methods to help engineer our future.”可知,画线词修饰的plants指代cacti,这种植物能在干旱的沙漠中生存下来,所以推断resilient的意思是“能在困难环境中生存下来的”。故选D。 2.B　推理判断题。根据第三段“Documented by many scientists, Copiapoas probably survive by ‘drinking’ the salty fog that sweeps in from the sea every morning, as well as the dew—tiny bits of water—that forms on their spines (尖刺) and skin. This has inspired researcher Tegwen Malik from Swansea University to think about whether the dew-collecting process might be reproduced in metal structures.”(许多科学家记录到,Copiapoas可能通过“饮用”每天早晨从海上席卷而来的咸雾,以及在其尖刺和皮肤上形成的露水——微小的水滴——来生存。这启发了来自斯旺西大学的研究者Tegwen Malik思考露水收集过程是否可以在金属结构中重现。)可知,是仙人掌收集水分的机制启发了Tegwen Malik去研究它。故选B。 3.B　推理判断题。根据第五段中“Starting in 2013, she set out to recreate that structure by engineering a flat metal reproduction of the stems and spines of the Copiapoa, which she began testing under a series of different temperatures and humidities.”(从2013年开始,她开始通过制作Copiapoa的茎和刺的平面金属复制品来重现这种结构,并在一系列不同的温度和湿度下开始测试。)以及“In 2023, Malik published a study showing that the irregular surface was 8 percent more efficient at harvesting dew than a flat sheet used as a baseline.”(2023年,Malik发表了一项研究,研究表明,这种不规则表面收集露水的效率比用作基准的平面高8%。)可知,Malik关于Copiapoa的实验重点是测试它的金属复制品是否有效。故选B。 4.A　推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Malik imagines desert homes with water-collecting features to provide clean water in dry regions.”(Malik设想沙漠中的房屋有集水功能,为干旱地区提供清洁水源。)可知,Malik的金属结构可能被应用于确保干旱地区的水供应。故选A。 B 【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了AI增强摄像头在交通系统中的应用及其影响。 5.D　细节理解题。根据第一段中“The cameras are put inside the front windshield (挡风玻璃), where they can take in everything happening in front of the bus. ‘The system analyses those images to decide if it’s looking at a vehicle,’ said Charley Territo, the chief growth officer for Hayden AI, ‘and whether that vehicle is stopped somewhere it shouldn’t be.’”(摄像头被安装在汽车前挡风玻璃内,可以拍摄到公交车前发生的一切。Hayden AI的首席增长官Charley Territo说:“该系统会分析那些图像,以判断它看到的是否是一辆车,以及这辆车是否停在了不该停的地方。”)可知,第一段介绍了AI增强系统的工作方式。故选D。 6.B　推理判断题。根据第二段“In just three years, Hayden AI has launched services with transit agencies in New York, Washington, D.C., Oakland, California, and Los Angeles. The company is organizing pilot programmes in Seattle and Denver, and it’s talking with other cities, including Philadelphia and Chicago.”[仅仅三年时间,Hayden AI就已经与纽约、华盛顿特区、加利福尼亚州奥克兰和洛杉矶的交通机构开展了服务。该公司正在西雅图和丹佛组织试点项目,并正在与其他城市(包括费城和芝加哥)进行洽谈。]可知,Hayden AI的AI增强系统正在多个城市推广使用,由此可推断出该系统越来越受欢迎。故选B。 7.C　细节理解题。根据第三段中“But Territo said that’s not the ultimate goal. ‘When you look at the reason for enforcement (执行), it’s really not to write tickets. It’s to change driver behaviour,’ said Territo. ‘What we’re seeing is a reduction in the number of repeat lawbreakers.’”(但Territo表示,这不是最终目标。Territo说:“当你审视执法的原因时,真正目的不是开罚单,而是改变司机的行为。我们看到的是,重复违法的人数在减少。”)可知,在Territo看来,使用AI增强摄像头的最终目标是鼓励良好的驾驶习惯。故选C。 8.A　词义猜测题。根据第五段“But that expansion didn’t go quite as planned, as hundreds of drivers received erroneous tickets. ‘It wasn’t anything too worrisome at first, because you realize you’ve parked in a legal spot,’ said George Han, who lives on the Upper East Side of Manhattan. Han said he’s careful about only parking in legal spots, so he was astounded when the tickets kept coming in the mail.”(但扩张并没有按计划进行,因为数百名司机收到了错误的罚单。住在曼哈顿上东区的George Han说:“一开始这没什么好担心的,因为你知道自己把车停在了合法的地方。”Han表示,他非常注意只在合法地点停车,所以当罚单不断寄来时,他感到很震惊。)可知,George Han很注意只在合法地点停车,所以当罚单不断寄来时,他感到很震惊,所以astounded意为“震惊的”,与shocked意思相近。故选A。 ●Ⅱ 【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了智能绿色城市的概念,通过技术创新和环保设计,城市正转变为可持续发展的居住空间,涵盖能源、交通、建筑及公民参与等方面。 1.D　上文“Modern cities face growing challenges from pollution and energy waste, with urban populations expected to reach 5 billion by 2030.”说明现代城市面临诸多问题。空处和前文为转折关系,说明有解决办法,引出后文的解决措施。所以D项(然而,智能解决方案正在重塑城市环境。)符合语境,且D项中的smart solutions与下文提到的innovative technologies and eco-friendly designs相呼应。故选D。 2.C　下文“Solar panels now cover rooftops of office buildings, while wind turbines (涡轮机) spin silently along coastlines.”说明可再生能源发电在城市中的应用。空处为该段的主题句,所以C项(能源效率始于可再生能源发电。)符合语境,且C项中的renewable power generation与下文提到的solar panels和wind turbines相呼应。故选C。 3.E　上文“Transportation systems are undergoing revolutionary changes.”说明交通系统在变革。下文“In Singapore, sensor-equipped buses communicate with traffic lights to minimize waiting time, cutting commute durations by 18%.”说明新加坡交通系统的变革。空处和前文为顺接关系,说明交通系统变革的其他例子。所以E项(自动驾驶电动公交车取代了传统的燃油车辆。)符合语境,且E项中的self-driving electric buses与下文提到的sensor-equipped buses相呼应。故选E。 4.B　上文“Green architecture plays a vital role in urban cooling. Vertical gardens covering skyscrapers not only absorb CO2 but also lower indoor temperatures by 5℃-8℃.”说明绿色建筑在降温方面的作用。空处和前文为顺接关系,进一步说明绿色建筑的其他作用。所以B项(这样的设计也大大降低了空调成本。)符合语境,且B项中的such designs指代上文提到的vertical gardens。故选B。 5.F　上文“Citizen participation remains key to success. Mobile apps like ‘EcoWatcher’ allow residents to report environmental issues instantly, with 92% of complaints resolved within 48 hours in Seoul’s pilot programme.”说明公民参与在环保方面的作用。空处和前文为顺接关系,进一步说明公民参与的其他方式。所以F项(实时数据有助于当局监测能源消耗模式。)符合语境,且F项中的real-time data与上文提到的mobile apps相呼应,说明公民通过手机应用程序报告环境问题后,当局可以利用这些实时数据来监测能源消耗模式。故选F。 ●Ⅲ 【文章大意】 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Nguyen和他的同学Caine Ardayfio制作了一种用于实时识别陌生人的眼镜,并在地铁站的两个“真人”身上验证了这种眼镜的作用,其中包括Hoda先生。 1.C　根据后文“…by the man’s thick-framed glasses, but he did not realize that they were smart glasses…”可知,Hoda先生被这名男子的厚框眼镜惊呆了。故选C。guide指导;challenge挑战;strike击中,给……印象,让……觉得;inspire激发。 2.A　根据前文“…he did not realize that they were smart glasses and that a small white light indicated that they were…”可知,这是一副智能眼镜,一束小白光表明他们正在录像。故选A。record录制;charge收费;load装载;reflect反映。 3.B　根据后文“…him again and asked…”可知,几分钟后这名男子再次走近Hoda并问了问题。故选B。help帮助;approach接近;question质疑;invite邀请。 4.D　根据后文“…to work on community issues?”可知,这名男子问Hoda是否碰巧从事社区问题的工作。happen to do sth是“碰巧做某事”的意思,故选D。remember记住;intend打算;regret后悔;happen发生,碰巧。 5.A　根据前文“A few minutes later, the same man, a Harvard junior named AnhPhu Nguyen…him again and asked, ‘Do you…to work on community issues?’”可知,Hoda先生对这个问题感到吃惊。故选A。shocked吃惊的;amused逗乐的;embarrassed尴尬的;relieved感到宽慰的。 6.D　根据前文“…had previously been a journalist…”和后文social matters可知,Hoda曾是一名报道社会事务的记者。故选D。solve解决;organize组织;reform改革;cover覆盖,涉及,报道。 7.C　根据前文“…had previously been a journalist…social matters.”和“I’ve read your…”以及后文“That’s super cool.”可知,Hoda此前曾是一名报道社会事务的记者,Nguyen以前读过Hoda的作品。故选C。novel小说;poem诗歌;work作品;diary日记。 8.B　根据后文his train可知,Nguyen和Hoda在他上火车前握了握手。故选B。look for寻找;get on上车;wave at挥手;signal for示意。 9.B　根据两人之间发生的事并结合前文“…still processing how strange…”可知,此处指Hoda仍在思考这次相遇是多么奇怪。故选B。adventure冒险;encounter偶遇,邂逅;relationship关系;task任务。 10.A　根据两人之间发生的事和后文“…strangers in real time, and had…them on two ‘real people’ at the subway station…”可知,Nguyen和他的哈佛同学Caine Ardayfio制作了一种用于实时识别陌生人的眼镜。故选A。identify识别;locate把……安置在;observe观察;consult咨询。 11.D　根据前文“Mr Nguyen and a fellow Harvard student, Caine Ardayfio, had built glasses used for…strangers in real time…”和后文“…them on two ‘real people’ at the subway station…”可知,Nguyen和Caine Ardayfio制作了一种用于实时识别陌生人的眼镜,并在地铁站的两个“真人”身上验证了这种眼镜的作用。故选D。discover发现;place放置;base以……为据点;demonstrate展示,证明。 12.B　根据前文“…the two students asked Mr Hoda for his…”和后文“…to feature him in a video, and he agreed…”可知,这两名学生请求Hoda先生允许他们在视频中展示。故选B。forgiveness原谅;permission同意,允许;information信息;application应用。 13.C　根据后文“All the tools were there. We just had the idea to combine them together.”可知,Nguyen解释说,他们的系统依赖于广泛可用的技术。故选C。advertise做广告;unpopular不受欢迎的;available可用的;debate争论。 14.D　根据前文“He added that they had no desire to commercialize this project and had…”和后文“…wanted to show it was possible.”可知,Nguyen补充说,他们无意将这个项目商业化,只是想证明它是可能的。故选D。suddenly突然地;occasionally偶尔;immediately立即;simply简单地,只是。 15.A　根据后文“…their information from data broker sites that can reveal private details.”可知,Nguyen鼓励人们从可能泄露私人信息的数据代理网站上删除自己的信息。故选A。remove移除,删除;obtain获得;update更新;analyse分析。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4　A glimpse of the future (限时:35分钟) ●Ⅰ 阅读理解 A [2025·江西新余高三二模] 文体:说明文　主题:人与自然　词数:345 We all know cacti (仙人掌) store water—but to survive, they also adjust their flower positions to gain more sunlight or shade, and so much more. Scientists have been copying the resilient plants’ methods to help engineer our future. One of the most exciting advancements involves Copiapoa, a genus of cacti with at least 32 species found in the coastal Atacama Desert, the driest nonpolar desert on Earth. These cacti, typically five to six inches wide, can form grey-green bushes that spread out over an area otherwise empty of vegetation. Documented by many scientists, Copiapoas probably survive by “drinking” the salty fog that sweeps in from the sea every morning, as well as the dew—tiny bits of water—that forms on their spines (尖刺) and skin. This has inspired researcher Tegwen Malik from Swansea University to think about whether the dew-collecting process might be reproduced in metal structures. Specifically, Malik took a close look at the one-and-a-quarter-inch spines of Copiapoas and found that their surface has a series of tiny channels that broaden at the base. “This creates surface roughness that enables dewdrops to move along them even against gravity,” she says. Starting in 2013, she set out to recreate that structure by engineering a flat metal reproduction of the stems and spines of the Copiapoa, which she began testing under a series of different temperatures and humidities. After several years of experiments—testing indoor and outdoor conditions, and with various cooling methods—she finally got it to work. In 2023, Malik published a study showing that the irregular surface was 8 percent more efficient at harvesting dew than a flat sheet used as a baseline. Malik imagines desert homes with water-collecting features to provide clean water in dry regions. “The easiest way could be to place dew-harvesting surfaces on roofs, but you could also have these structures in tents in the desert,” she says. “We truly have hidden treasures in the Copiapoa, and we are only just learning some of their secrets.” (　)1.What does the underlined word “resilient” mean in Paragraph 1? A.Highly adaptable to different soils. B.Able to grow quickly and efficiently. C.Resistant to diseases and harmful insects. D.Capable of surviving difficult conditions. (　)2.What drove Tegwen Malik to study Copiapoas? A.Their metal-like surface. B.Their mechanism to gather water. C.Their typical appearance. D.Their ability to form water drops. (　)3.What was the main focus of Malik’s experiment with the Copiapoa? A.Recreating a flat metal copy of it. B.Testing if its metal copy would work. C.Seeing how it survives various climates. D.Finding the most efficient cooling method for it. (　)4.How may Malik’s metal structure be applied? A.To secure water supply in dry areas. B.To clean salty water in desert homes. C.To enable desert explorers to travel light. D.To improve ways to discover hidden treasures. B [2025·河南许平汝名校高三二模] 文体:说明文　主题:人与社会　词数:371 The nation’s biggest transit (交通) systems are using AI-enhanced cameras to keep bus lanes (车道) clear of illegally parked cars. The company behind those cameras is a start-up called Hayden AI. The cameras are put inside the front windshield (挡风玻璃), where they can take in everything happening in front of the bus. “The system analyses those images to decide if it’s looking at a vehicle,” said Charley Territo, the chief growth officer for Hayden AI, “and whether that vehicle is stopped somewhere it shouldn’t be.” In just three years, Hayden AI has launched services with transit agencies in New York, Washington, D.C., Oakland, California, and Los Angeles. The company is organizing pilot programmes in Seattle and Denver, and it’s talking with other cities, including Philadelphia and Chicago. The camera systems are using AI to help transit agencies catch and fine drivers who illegally block bus lanes and bus stops. But Territo said that’s not the ultimate goal. “When you look at the reason for enforcement (执行), it’s really not to write tickets. It’s to change driver behaviour,” said Territo. “What we’re seeing is a reduction in the number of repeat lawbreakers.” New York’s Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) said its buses were 5% faster on the routes where it had been using the cameras, and they’d been involved in 20% fewer accidents. So the agency moved to expand the programme this year to 20 new bus routes. But that expansion didn’t go quite as planned, as hundreds of drivers received erroneous tickets. “It wasn’t anything too worrisome at first, because you realize you’ve parked in a legal spot,” said George Han, who lives on the Upper East Side of Manhattan. Han said he’s careful about only parking in legal spots, so he was astounded when the tickets kept coming in the mail. The MTA said about 800 tickets were mistakenly issued because of a “programming error” by Hayden AI, who said those programming errors had been fixed. “The problems in New York had nothing to do with the technology. It was really a configuration (配置) issue,” said Hayden AI’s Charley Territo. (　)5.What can we know about the AI-enhanced system in Paragraph 1? A.The development of it. B.The reasons why it is analysed. C.The disadvantages of it. D.The way in which it works. (　)6.What can be inferred from Paragraph 2? A.Hayden AI supports its branch companies. B.The AI-enhanced system is becoming popular. C.The smart vehicles are spreading worldwide. D.The transit agencies need to be improved. (　)7.What is the final goal of using AI-enhanced cameras in Territo’s opinion? A.To write tickets for lawbreakers. B.To attract more passengers. C.To encourage good driving habits. D.To allow buses to run faster. (　)8.What does the underlined word “astounded” in Paragraph 5 mean? A.Shocked.　　　　B.Embarrassed. C.Proud. D.Grateful. ●Ⅱ 阅读七选五 [2025·湖南长沙高三二模] 文体:说明文　主题:人与社会　词数:272 Smart green cities: urban solutions Modern cities face growing challenges from pollution and energy waste, with urban populations expected to reach 5 billion by 2030. 1.　　　　 Through innovative technologies and eco-friendly designs, urban areas are transforming into sustainable living spaces that balance human needs and environmental protection.  2.　　　　 Solar panels now cover rooftops of office buildings, while wind turbines (涡轮机) spin silently along coastlines. In Amsterdam, floating solar farms on canals generate power without occupying land. These renewable sources provide over 40% of energy in advanced cities like Copenhagen. More importantly, smart grids (电网) automatically adjust power distribution through AI algorithms, reducing power blackout risks by 65% according to EU urban reports.  Transportation systems are undergoing revolutionary changes. 3.　　　　 In Singapore, sensor-equipped buses communicate with traffic lights to minimize waiting time, cutting commute durations by 18%. Meanwhile, shared electric motorcycles reduce private car usage by 28% in Tokyo’s business districts. Oslo has taken this further by banning fossil-fuel vehicles entirely within city centres since 2023.  Green architecture plays a vital role in urban cooling. Vertical gardens covering skyscrapers not only absorb CO2 but also lower indoor temperatures by 5℃-8℃. 4.　　　　 Rainwater recycling systems installed in 73% of New Berlin apartments demonstrate this trend, saving 120 litres per household daily. Additionally, bio-concrete walls that absorb pollution are being tested in Mexico City’s subway stations.  Citizen participation remains key to success. Mobile apps like “EcoWatcher” allow residents to report environmental issues instantly, with 92% of complaints resolved within 48 hours in Seoul’s pilot programme. 5.　　　　 Through collective efforts supported by technology, smart green cities are becoming achievable realities worldwide.  A.Urban planners prioritize eco-friendly zones nowadays. B.Such designs also cut air　 conditioning costs significantly. C.Energy efficiency starts with renewable power generation.　 D.However, smart solutions are reshaping urban environments. E.Self-driving electric buses replace traditional fuel-based vehicles. F.Real-time data helps authorities monitor energy consumption patterns. G.Advanced waste sorting robots have been introduced in subway stations. ●Ⅲ 完形填空 [2025·广东肇庆端州区高三二模] 文体:记叙文　主题:人与社会　词数:272 Kashif Hoda was waiting for a train when a young man asked him for directions. Mr Hoda was 　1　 by the man’s thick-framed glasses, but he did not realize that they were smart glasses and that a small white light indicated that they were 　2　.  A few minutes later, the same man, a Harvard junior named AnhPhu Nguyen, 　3　 him again and asked, “Do you 　4　 to work on community issues?”  Mr Hoda was 　5　. He currently worked in biotechnology but had previously been a journalist 　6　 social matters.  “I’ve read your 　7　 before,” Mr Nguyen said. “That’s super cool.”  They shook hands before Mr Hoda 　8　 his train, still processing how strange the 　9　 had been. A week later, he found out just how strange: he had been a guinea pig in an experiment. Mr Nguyen and a fellow Harvard student, Caine Ardayfio, had built glasses used for 　10　 strangers in real time, and had 　11　 them on two “real people” at the subway station, including Mr Hoda. Now the two students asked Mr Hoda for his 　12　 to feature him in a video, and he agreed, believing it to be an important demonstration of what new technology could achieve. The video went viral.  Mr Nguyen explained in an interview that their system relied on widely 　13　 technologies. “All the tools were there. We just had the idea to combine them together.” He added that they had no desire to commercialize this project and had 　14　 wanted to show it was possible. He also encouraged people to 　15　 their information from data broker sites that can reveal private details.  (　)1.A.guided　　　　　B.challenged C.struck D.inspired (　)2.A.recording B.charging C.loading D.reflecting (　)3.A.helped B.approached C.questioned D.invited (　)4.A.remember B.intend C.regret D.happen (　)5.A.shocked B.amused C.embarrassed D.relieved (　)6.A.solving B.organizing C.reforming D.covering (　)7.A.novel B.poem C.work D.diary (　)8.A.looked for B.got on C.waved at D.signaled for (　)9.A.adventure B.encounter C.relationship D.task (　)10.A.identifying B.locating C.observing D.consulting (　)11.A.discovered B.placed C.based D.demonstrated (　)12.A.forgiveness B.permission C.information D.application (　)13.A.advertised B.unpopular C.available D.debated (　)14.A.suddenly B.occasionally C.immediately D.simply (　)15.A.remove B.obtain C.update D.analyse 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $