必修第三册 Unit 6 Disaster and hope（word练习）-【高考快车道】2027年高考英语大一轮总复习课时作业（外研版）

**基本信息** 聚焦“灾害与希望”主题，整合阅读、语法、写作模块，以真实情境语篇为载体，系统训练语言能力与跨文化思维。 **综合设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解|说明文（人与自然，335词）|考查词义猜测、细节理解、推理判断|围绕AI flood forecasting，构建“问题-技术-应用”逻辑链，提升信息筛选与分析能力| |阅读七选五|说明文（人与自然，289词）|考查上下文衔接与主题句匹配|以EHE危害为核心，串联健康影响与经济损失，强化语篇结构思维| |语法填空|说明文（人与社会，223词）|考查动词、连词、形容词等语法点|结合中国古代建筑智慧，体现“问题解决-文化传承”脉络，巩固语法应用能力| |读后续写|记叙文（情境续写）|考查情节发展与语言表达|以龙卷风避险为情境，融合应急知识与情感描写，培养叙事逻辑与创造思维|

Unit 6　Disaster and hope ●Ⅰ 【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了谷歌使用人工智能预测洪水。 1.B　词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“In a new paper published in the scientific journal Nature, Google’s researchers describe this as an early warning system that could be used throughout the world, not only to predict or recognize natural disasters but also to…”以及后文“…the worst effects of what is one of the most common types of natural disasters.”可知,谷歌的这个人工智能天气预报工具是一个早期预警系统,它可以用于世界各地,不仅能预测或识别自然灾害,也能缓解自然灾害中最常见类型之一的最严重后果。relieve与buffer意思相近,意为“缓解”。故选B。 2.A　细节理解题。根据第二段“Flooding can be difficult to accurately predict, particularly riverine floods, due to a lack of resources and data related to flood history, water levels, and terrain (地形).”可知,洪水难以预测,特别是河流洪水,是因为缺乏与洪水历史、水位和地形相关的资源和数据,即相关记录是不足的。故选A。 3.D　推理判断题。根据第三段“Google researchers gathered as much global data as they could access and trained new AI models to analyse them. Afterwards, those models could then make predictions for those regions where data might be considerably limited or even nonexistent.”(谷歌的研究人员收集了他们可以访问的尽可能多的全球数据,并训练了新的人工智能模型来分析这些数据。然后,那些模型可以对那些数据可能相当有限甚至不存在的地区进行预测。)可知,AI模型可以打破地理的界限。故选D。 4.D　段落大意题。根据第四段“The team launched a Flood Hub platform, which provided access to forecasts in 20 countries where flood forecasting had been difficult in the past. The platform collected seemingly unrelated information which was available locally, fed it into the AI system as a reminder, and ordered the AI to fill in the gaps and then classify data. So far Flood Hub has been expanded to 80 countries in Africa, Asia-Pacific, Europe, and the Americas, covering over 460 million people globally, particularly those in communities suffering from flooding. ‘Where possible, we also provide forecasts in Google Search and Google Maps and via Android warnings,’ the Google team declared.”(该团队启动了一个洪水中心平台,该平台提供了过去难以预测洪水的20个国家的预报。该平台收集本地可用的看似不相关的信息,将其作为提醒输入人工智能系统,并命令人工智能填补空白,然后对数据进行分类。到目前为止,洪水中心已经扩展到非洲、亚太、欧洲和美洲的80个国家,覆盖了全球4.6亿多人,特别是那些在遭受洪水袭击的社区的人。“在可能的情况下,我们还通过谷歌搜索和谷歌地图以及安卓警告提供天气预报,”谷歌团队宣布。)可知,该段关于洪水中心平台的关注点在于它的机制原理和受欢迎程度。故选D。 ●Ⅱ 【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章指出美国平均气温上升,高温引发的EHE(极端高温事件)对公众健康危害大,还会导致多种疾病甚至死亡,此外高温还会造成重大经济损失。 1.G　下文“EHE days occur when the combination of temperature, wind speed and surface atmospheric pressure reaches hazardous levels.”对EHE的成因进行了说明。G选项(当高温引发所谓的EHE时,对公众健康的风险最大)引出了EHE这一概念,与下文对EHE的介绍相呼应。故选G。 2.E　下文“Now, the NRDC projects that rising EHE frequency due to climate change may lead to 150,000 deaths by 2100.”提到了未来EHE可能导致的死亡人数。E选项(以往的EHE每次都造成了数千人伤亡)说明过去EHE也造成了大量伤亡,与下文提到的未来EHE可能导致的死亡情况形成呼应。故选E。 3.C　上文“Heat exhaustion: It is characterized by vast sweating and a rapid heartbeat.”描述了中暑的两个症状。C选项(这两个症状本质上表明身体过热)对上文提到的两个症状进行总结,说明这两个症状意味着身体过热,与上文衔接紧密。故选C。 4.F　上文“…Prolonged exposure to excessively hot temperatures can lead to major kidney problems.”指出高温会导致肾脏问题。F选项(这是一种由受损的肾组织引起的状况,且与长期疾病有关)进一步解释了肾脏问题的成因以及与长期疾病的关联,与上文话题一致。故选F。 5.A　上文“Over the two-week period of extreme heat, 655 people lost their lives.”描述了2006年加利福尼亚州热浪造成的人员伤亡情况。A选项(这场热浪最终造成了近53亿美元的损失)说明了热浪造成的经济损失,与上文提到的人员伤亡情况共同说明了热浪的影响,且与上文的financial impact呼应。故选A。 ●Ⅲ 【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章通过讲述中国古代建筑的设计和特点,展示了其在应对自然灾害和战争中的优势,并强调了其耐久性和对世界文明的贡献。 1.states　考查名词复数。根据句意可知,这里指多个诸侯国,state是可数名词,应用复数形式states作主语。故填states。 2.and　考查连词。“…the states of the Zhou Dynasty era spread to the Yangtze basin that suffered from disasters…”和“…each year, they faced monsoon storms and typhoon winds along the coast.”之间是并列关系,应用并列连词and连接。故填and。 3.a　考查冠词。supply为可数名词单数形式,空处应填冠词,表泛指,ready的发音以辅音音素开头,应用不定冠词a,a ready supply of…表示“一种现成的……供应”。故填a。 4.To deal　考查非谓语动词。空处应填非谓语动词形式,作目的状语,应用动词不定式形式,位于句首,首字母大写。故填To deal。 5.maintaining　考查非谓语动词。空处和rebuilding并列,作动词made的宾语,应用动名词形式。故填maintaining。 6.arose　考查动词时态。空处作as引导的从句的谓语动词,句子陈述的是过去的事情,应用一般过去时,arise的过去式为arose。故填arose。 7.easily　考查副词。空处修饰动词replaced or reused,应用副词形式easily作状语。故填easily。 8.which　考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为the durability of the wooden buildings,指物,关系词在从句中作介词of的宾语,应用which引导从句。故填which。 9.weathered　考查非谓语动词。空处应填非谓语动词形式作定语,修饰名词buildings,动词weather“风化,受风蚀”和buildings之间为被动关系,应用过去分词形式weathered作定语,表示“风化的”。故填weathered。 10.for　考查介词。“for+时间段”表示“持续……时间”,故空处应填介词for。故填for。 ●Ⅳ 【思路点拨】 本文以人物为线索展开,讲述了作者在一个可能遭遇龙卷风的日子里,负责照看年幼的弟弟妹妹,当意识到龙卷风即将来临时,作者迅速采取行动,带领弟弟妹妹们跑到附近的沟渠躲避,最终大家安然无恙的故事。 【详解】 1. 段落续写: ①由第一段首句内容“那里有一条沟渠可以躲避,距离我们一百码远。”以及第二段首句内容“但几分钟后,龙卷风过去了。”可知,第一段可描写作者带着弟弟妹妹们跑到了沟渠那里,紧紧挤在了一起。 ②由第二段首句内容“但几分钟后,龙卷风过去了。”可知,第二段可描写龙卷风过去了,看着周围的废墟,作者感到自己和弟弟妹妹们非常幸运。 2. 续写线索:作者发现一百码开外的一条沟渠可以让他们躲避龙卷风—作者召集弟弟妹妹们跑到沟渠那儿—他们挣扎着到达了沟渠—作者用身体护住了弟弟妹妹,心中祈祷着龙卷风赶紧过去—几分钟后,龙卷风过去了—环顾四周,看到了一片废墟—作者觉得自己和弟弟妹妹们非常幸运,同时也为自己感到自豪。 One possible version: There was a ditch (沟渠) there for shelter, a hundred yards off. I quickly gathered the kids, yelling, “Run to the ditch! As fast as you can!” (现在分词短语作状语) The wind howled, and debris flew everywhere. Julie held Dougie’s hand tightly, and I grabbed Lyssa. We ran with all our might. The force of the wind pushed against us, making each step a struggle (现在分词短语作状语). When we reached the ditch (时间状语从句), we crowded together. I covered the kids with my body, praying the tornado would pass (现在分词短语作状语). The noise was deafening, like a thousand trains roaring. I could feel the ground shaking beneath us. But in a couple of minutes, the tornado was over. The howling wind gradually died down, and the debris stopped flying. I slowly lifted my head and looked around. The world seemed a bit strange and unreal. Trees were uprooted, and parts of the trailer were scattered. We climbed out of the ditch. The kids were shaken but unhurt. I felt a huge sense of relief wash over me. As we made our way back to the damaged trailer (时间状语从句), I knew we were lucky to be alive (宾语从句). And I was proud of us for handling the terrifying situation so bravely. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 6　Disaster and hope (限时:45分钟) ●Ⅰ 阅读理解 [2025·湖南高三4月质量检测] 文体:说明文　主题:人与自然　词数:335 Google used its artificial intelligence-powered weather forecasting tools to precisely predict floods up to a week in advance of them happening. In a new paper published in the scientific journal Nature, Google’s researchers describe this as an early warning system that could be used throughout the world, not only to predict or recognize natural disasters but also to buffer the worst effects of what is one of the most common types of natural disasters.  Flooding can be difficult to accurately predict, particularly riverine floods, due to a lack of resources and data related to flood history, water levels, and terrain (地形). AI use in weather forecasting is nothing new. Still, the rise of more powerful processors and larger data sets is allowing of new scales of prediction, including a new NVIDIA digital Earth. A small percentage of global rivers have streamflow gauges (测量仪) which can be used to warn people if the volume of water flowing through the river changes. When combined with other points such as the local terrain, settlements near the river, weather forecasting, and historical events on the same river, data can be used to predict flooding. Google researchers gathered as much global data as they could access and trained new AI models to analyse them. Afterwards, those models could then make predictions for those regions where data might be considerably limited or even nonexistent. The team launched a Flood Hub platform, which provided access to forecasts in 20 countries where flood forecasting had been difficult in the past. The platform collected seemingly unrelated information which was available locally, fed it into the AI system as a reminder, and ordered the AI to fill in the gaps and then classify data. So far Flood Hub has been expanded to 80 countries in Africa, Asia-Pacific, Europe, and the Americas, covering over 460 million people globally, particularly those in communities suffering from flooding. “Where possible, we also provide forecasts in Google Search and Google Maps and via Android warnings,” the Google team declared. (　)1.What does the underlined word mean in Paragraph 1? A.Dismiss.　　　　　B.Relieve. C.Perceive. D.Track. (　)2.Why is it hard to predict flooding? A.Relevant records are absent. B.Gauges are far from precise. C.AI is new to weather forecasting. D.Former studies are of little worth. (　)3.What can we know about flooding-forecasting AI models? A.They are accessible to global data. B.They are very quick in data analysis. C.They can ensure the reliability of data. D.They can break geographical limitations. (　)4.What does Paragraph 4 focus on about Flood Hub platform? A.Its designing principles. B.Its operating difficulties. C.Its dilemma and application. D.Its mechanism and popularity. ●Ⅱ 阅读七选五 [2025·广东肇庆高三模拟] 文体:说明文　主题:人与自然　词数:289 In recent years, scientists have noted a rapid increase in average temperatures throughout the country. According to a report from the NRDC, the average temperature of the United States could rise by as many as 11 degrees Fahrenheit (华氏度) by the end of the 21st century. This warming trend poses severe threats to human health. “1.　　　　,” the report states. EHE days occur when the combination of temperature, wind speed and surface atmospheric pressure reaches hazardous levels. These conditions can lead to heat-related deaths.  2.　　　　. Now, the NRDC projects that rising EHE frequency due to climate change may lead to 150,000 deaths by 2100. The CDC notes that elderly individuals, infants and chronically (慢性地) ill people are considered the most vulnerable to heat-related deaths. The most common causes of death related to rising temperatures include the following conditions:  Heat exhaustion: It is characterized by vast sweating and a rapid heartbeat. 3.　　　　. Other signs of heat exhaustion include dizziness, low blood pressure and muscle cramps.  Cardiovascular (心血管的) disease: Extreme heat has been linked to a higher incidence rate of cardiovascular diseases and conditions, such as strokes. Cardiovascular disease is already the deadliest medical condition in the United States, and strokes are listed as the country’s third leading cause of death. Kidney disease: Prolonged exposure to excessively hot temperatures can lead to major kidney problems. 4.　　　　. Besides, the body’s ability to regulate water intake may also be affected.  In addition to the human deaths, there is a significant financial impact to consider. “Killer Summer Heat” discusses a heatwave that struck California in the summer of 2006. Over the two-week period of extreme heat, 655 people lost their lives. 5.　　　　.  A.The heatwave ultimately resulted in costs nearing $5.3 billion B.Finally, the heatwave was successfully overcome by joint efforts C.These two symptoms essentially indicate the body is overheating D.The public will take risks when they are exposed to high temperatures E.Previous EHEs have each been responsible for thousands of deaths and injuries F.It is a condition caused by damaged kidney tissue and has been linked to long-term diseases　 G.The risks to public health are greatest when high temperatures cause what’s known as an EHE　 ●Ⅲ 语法填空 [2025·山东名校考试联盟高三模拟改编] 文体:说明文　主题:人与社会　词数:223 Around 500 BC, the 1.　　　　　(state) of the Zhou Dynasty era spread to the Yangtze basin that suffered from disasters, periodic large-scale flooding, 2.　　　　　 each year, they faced monsoon storms and typhoon winds along the coast. The thick forests then were 3.　　　　 ready supply of wood.  4.　　　　　(deal) with frequent natural disasters and the destruction due to wars and fighting, the builders in the Zhou region adopted the Dougong Bracket System. This system made rebuilding and 5.　　　　　　(maintain) the buildings much more efficient. The Chinese made their wooden buildings slightly flexible to withstand natural disasters and for easier repair and reconfiguration as the need 6.　　　　(arise). The wooden parts such as columns and beams (横梁) were 7.　　　　(easy) replaced or reused to make other structures as needed since they were not joined together with fasteners.  The durability of the wooden buildings has stood the test of time, of 8.　　　　　 the Forbidden City is a good example. After it was built about 600 years ago, Beijing has experienced about 200 earthquakes. The slightly 9.　　　　(weather) buildings survived with little damage due to the flexible brackets and loose pillars.  The basic elements of ancient architectural design remained unchanged 10.　　　　　　　 thousands of years in China. The essence and wisdom of Chinese architecture will continue to serve as an inspiration for the world civilization.  ●Ⅳ 读后续写 [2025·福建厦门高三第二次质检] 阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。 This morning, I asked Mum to take me to the pool. But she reminded me I’d watch kids for her as she got a job interview at the radio station. Still, I asked, “Couldn’t Julie watch them instead?” “She can help, Jess, but she’s only ten. I’ll feel better with a fifteen-year-old in charge, honey.” Mum gave me a hug and off she went. So there I was, stuck watching my five-year-old sister Lyssa and three-year-old brother Dougie. I usually don’t mind watching the kids, but the problem was our little rented trailer house (拖车房屋). It’s like living in a barbecue cooker in hot days. Well, as it is said, “What is, is.” and I decided to make the best of it. We moved out into the front yard and I filled a paddling pool for the kids. I noticed that the sky looked a little strange—greenish-yellow, with grey clouds rising for miles—but I didn’t think anything of it. As kids jumped in the pool, I settled down to read my magazine. I put on headphones and turned the volume up loud enough to block out their noise. Before long I got lost in a cool story. I was almost at the end when Julie came over to me, dropping water on my article. I took my headphones off, “Hey, what’s wrong with you?” She pointed upwards. That’s when I saw the sky and about fell off my chair. Not only had the clouds moved towards us, but they were swirling (打旋). I hadn’t realized how much the wind had picked up. A huge, grey-black funnel (漏斗) snaked down from the sky to the ground—a real, live tornado! And it headed our way at high speed! Though I had learned about tornado safety, at that moment, the only thing I could remember was that a tornado develops fast and that trailer houses are the worst place to take shelter. I tried hard to remember other safety tips. Get low. Yeah. If you’re caught outside, find the lowest spot. As I was scanning around, my eye stopped on a line of bushes. 注意:续写词数应为150个左右。 Paragraph 1: There was a ditch (沟渠) there for shelter, a hundred yards off.           Paragraph 2: But in a couple of minutes, the tornado was over.             A.词汇积累 1.riverine adj.河的;河边的 2.considerably adv.非常,相当多地 3.atmospheric adj.大气的;大气层的 4.hazardous adj.危险的;有害的 5.dizziness n.头晕;头昏眼花 6.stroke n.中风;(打、击等的)一下;击球(动作);一笔;轻抚 7.flexible adj.灵活的;柔韧的;有弹性的 B.熟词生义 stand v.经受,承受<生义>;站立;位于(某处);起立 The durability of the wooden buildings has stood the test of time, of which the Forbidden City is a good example. (语法填空,Para.3) 【译文】 这些木结构建筑的耐久性经受住了时间的考验,故宫就是一个很好的例子。 C.长难句分析 In a new paper published in the scientific journal Nature, Google’s researchers describe this as an early warning system that could be used throughout the world, not only to predict or recognize natural disasters but also to buffer the worst effects of what is one of the most common types of natural disasters. (阅读理解, Para.1) 【分析】 published in the scientific journal Nature是过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰名词paper,与paper构成被动关系;that引导定语从句,修饰先行词system,定语从句中嵌套not only…but also…连接的并列不定式短语,作目的状语;what引导宾语从句,作介词of的宾语。 【译文】 在发表于《自然》科学期刊的一篇新论文中,谷歌研究人员将其描述为一种可在全球范围内使用的早期预警系统,该系统不仅能预测或识别自然灾害,还能减少自然灾害中最常见类型之一所造成的最坏影响。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $