必修第三册 Unit 3 The world of science（word练习）-【高考快车道】2027年高考英语大一轮总复习课时作业（外研版）

**基本信息** 以“科学世界”为主题整合说明文阅读与应用写作，通过“主题-技能-语言”三维逻辑链提升语言能力与思维品质，适配一轮复习综合素养训练需求。 **综合设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解|3篇（A/B/C）|细节理解、推理判断、主旨大意，聚焦科学人物/技术/环保主题|以“科学影响”为主线，串联传记结构分析（A）、技术原理阐释（B）、环境问题解决（C），形成“现象-分析-应用”认知链条| |应用文写作|1篇|邮件分享经历，含作品描述与感想表达|依托“科技改变生活”主题，训练信息整合与情感表达能力，呼应阅读模块主题| |语言知识|词汇8个+熟词生义1个+长难句1句|高频词汇辨析、熟词多义、复杂句式分析|支撑阅读与写作的语言基础，强化“词汇-句法-语篇”层级逻辑|

Unit 3　The world of science ●ⅠA 【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一名美国科普作家撰写的居里夫人传记,主要包括其新视角、组织结构、创作动机、写作特点和亮点。 1.C　细节理解题。根据第二段中“Each chapter is assigned a chemical element or material and the name of the person whose work either advanced knowledge of that substance or narrowed Curie’s focus on it. This allows Sobel to trace Curie’s life and its major milestones in time order, introducing a new player with each chapter.”可知,这本传记中每一章将一种元素与一位科学家结合。故选C。 2.D　细节理解题。根据第三段中“Even though it’s now more than 120 years since Curie became the first woman to be awarded a Nobel prize, she remains the most widely recognized female scientist. Sobel acknowledges this as a reason for writing another biography…”可知,居里夫人的卓越成就促使索贝尔撰写这本传记。故选D。 3.C　推理判断题。根据第四段中“But in many of the book’s chapters, science dominates and the inner lives of these women remain unclear. The Canadian physicist Harriet Brooks stands out as an example of a life story left hanging. She quit Curie’s lab and later weakened Curie’s influence by publicly suggesting that Curie’s output had decreased without her husband Pierre. What motivated Brooks remains an open question.”可知,此处先提到这本传记的写作上存在重科学,轻女性科学家内心生活的特点,再提到哈里特·布鲁克斯的故事,表明其行事背后的动机仍然未知。由此可知,这里提到她的故事是为了说明传记的写作特点。故选C。 4.C　推理判断题。根据最后一段“One of the most touching passages comes right at the end. A list of ‘radioactivists’ simply notes everyone’s birth and death dates, main achievements and cause of death—a distinct reminder that Curie and many other women paid the ultimate price for their radioactive research.”可知,这一名单让读者知晓居里夫人和其他许多女性为放射性研究付出了巨大代价,为传记增添了情感深度。由此可知,名单起到了画龙点睛的作用。故选C。 B 【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国科学家开发的e-Taste设备,它能远程分享食物与饮品的味道。 5.B　细节理解题。根据第一段中“The US-based scientists have developed the device to recreate food and drink flavours, allowing them to be shared remotely within seconds.”可知,e-Taste设备可以快速远距离分享味道。故选B。 6.C　细节理解题。根据第二段中“The first is a sensing platform—or ‘electronic tongue’—that captures data about the concentration (浓度) of five different taste chemicals in a liquid sample and sends the information wirelessly to the second component.”(第一个是传感平台,即“电子舌”,它可以捕捉液体样本中五种不同味道化学物质的浓度数据,并将信息无线发送到第二个组件。)可知,“电子舌”通过从液体中收集化学数据来工作。故选C。 7.A　代词指代题。根据第四段中“They were then asked to taste a liquid generated by the system and select the foods they thought it represented.”和指代关系可知,指示代词it指代前面提到的liquid。故选A。 8.D　主旨大意题。通读全文并结合第一段中“The US-based scientists have developed the device to recreate food and drink flavours, allowing them to be shared remotely within seconds.”和最后一段中“While not perfect, e-Taste opens doors to immersive dining simulations and could be used to enhance VR and AR systems and sensory research in the future.”(虽然并不完美,但e-Taste为沉浸式餐饮模拟打开了大门,未来可用于增强虚拟现实和增强现实系统以及感官研究。)可知,文章主要围绕e-Taste设备实现味觉数字化、远程复制味道展开。D选项“Taste digitalization: remote taste copying achieved”(味觉数字化:实现远程味道复制)能概括文章主要内容,最适合做文章标题。故选D。 C 【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于减少自来水中微塑料污染的新研究。微塑料污染已遍及全球,甚至进入人体。中国研究人员发现,将自来水煮沸五分钟并冷却后过滤可能会显著降低自来水中的微塑料含量。研究虽未涵盖所有塑料类型和化学物质,但揭示了一种潜在解决方案。苏格兰环境工程师指出,该研究展示了煮沸法的有效性,并建议升级饮用水处理厂以推广应用。 9.C　推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth—they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans.”(微塑料已经成为地球上常见的污染源——它们出现在深海和喜马拉雅山上,嵌入火山岩中,填满海鸟的胃,甚至落在南极的新雪中。它们甚至出现在人类体内。)可推知,作者通过举例提出微塑料污染的问题。故选C。 10.A　细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) to trap the plastics. In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent.”(至关重要的是,这一过程依赖于含有足够碳酸钙的水来截留塑料。在这项研究中,将含有300毫克碳酸钙的硬水煮沸后,塑料含量下降了近90%。但在碳酸钙含量低于60毫克的样品中,煮沸只降低了25%的塑料含量。)可知,决定在水中截留微塑料的有效性的是水的硬度。故选A。 11.B　推理判断题。根据文章第四段中“Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure—a task that’s becoming increasingly difficult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought.”(尽管如此,研究结果显示了减少微塑料接触的潜在途径——这一任务正变得越来越困难。今年早些时候,科学家们发现,即使是瓶装水,其微塑料含量也比原先想象的高出10到1000倍。)可推断,作者提到瓶装水是为了说明微塑料污染的严重性。故选B。 12.D　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“‘The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice,’ Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an environmental engineer at the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New Scientist. ‘We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.’” (苏格兰格拉斯哥大学的环境工程师Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay没有参与这项研究,他告诉《新科学家》杂志:“他们展示微塑料如何在煮沸过程中被截留的方式很不错。我们应该考虑升级饮用水处理厂,以便它们能去除微塑料。”)可推知,Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay的建议是关于这项研究结果的潜在应用的,即升级饮用水处理厂。故选D。 ●ⅡOne possible version: Dear Peter,  How is everything going? I’m excited to share with you our school’s English Poster Competition I participated in last month. The theme of the competition is “Technology Changes Lives”. My poster focused on how AI is creating a better life, illustrated by robots helping with housework. I added the slogan “Technology Creates Dreams” to inspire others. I strongly believe that encouraging young people to engage with technology can contribute to a brighter future. This contest deepened my appreciation of technology’s role in shaping our future. I found it truly inspiring! What’s your view on this? Looking forward to your reply. Yours, Li Hua  学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 3　The world of science (限时:35分钟) ●Ⅰ 阅读理解 A [2025·山东潍坊高三学科素养能力测评] 文体:说明文　主题:人与社会　词数:286 The world is not short of biographies of Marie Curie, but American science writer Dava Sobel has taken a new approach. In her engaging account of the physicist’s life, she focuses on her legacy (精神遗产) of encouraging other women into science. The book is cleverly structured. Each chapter is assigned a chemical element or material and the name of the person whose work either advanced knowledge of that substance or narrowed Curie’s focus on it. This allows Sobel to trace Curie’s life and its major milestones in time order, introducing a new player with each chapter. Even though it’s now more than 120 years since Curie became the first woman to be awarded a Nobel prize, she remains the most widely recognized female scientist. Sobel acknowledges this as a reason for writing another biography and as motivation to continue her trademark approach to writing about science by highlighting women whose contributions and discoveries remain overlooked—one used convincingly in her earlier book, The Glass Universe. Sobel’s storytelling is inviting and her research is delicately detailed. But in many of the book’s chapters, science dominates and the inner lives of these women remain unclear. The Canadian physicist Harriet Brooks stands out as an example of a life story left hanging. She quit Curie’s lab and later weakened Curie’s influence by publicly suggesting that Curie’s output had decreased without her husband Pierre. What motivated Brooks remains an open question. One of the most touching passages comes right at the end. A list of “radioactivists” simply notes everyone’s birth and death dates, main achievements and cause of death—a distinct reminder that Curie and many other women paid the ultimate price for their radioactive research. (　)1.How is Sobel’s biography of Curie structured? A.It compares young scientists’ tough life. B.Each chapter tracks Curie’s major milestones. C.Each chapter combines an element with a scientist. D.It centres on encouraging other women into science. (　)2.What drives Sobel to write Curie’s biography? A.Sobel’s trademark approach. B.Curie’s overlooked discoveries. C.Sobel’s convincing writing style. D.Curie’s remarkable achievements. (　)3.Why is Harriet Brooks mentioned in Paragraph 4? A.To tell a sad story about Curie. B.To highlight the role of Curie’s husband. C.To demonstrate the biography’s writing feature. D.To indicate the vividness of description in the biography. (　)4.What does the “radioactivists” list serve as in Sobel’s biography of Curie? A.A creative clue.　 B.An extra review. C.A finishing touch. D.An awful ending. B [2025·江苏连云港高三一模] 文体:说明文　主题:人与社会　词数:336 If your colleague bores you to tears with pictures of their lunch, then a new device named “e-Taste” might make things worse. The US-based scientists have developed the device to recreate food and drink flavours, allowing them to be shared remotely within seconds. The team suggests it could be used to enhance virtual reality and boost immersive (沉浸式的) experiences. It could also prove useful for biomedical research or even for “virtual food adventures”. The scientists report their e-Taste device has two key components. The first is a sensing platform—or “electronic tongue”—that captures data about the concentration (浓度) of five different taste chemicals in a liquid sample and sends the information wirelessly to the second component. Then the second component uses small electromagnetic pumps to push liquids through a layer of gel (凝胶) containing five edible taste chemicals, allowing their delivery to an outlet, placed in a recipient’s mouth, to be controlled. The five taste chemicals, which can be mixed before delivery, correspond to the original item’s flavours: sweetness, sourness, saltiness, bitterness and the savoury taste (鲜味). In a test, six volunteers were asked to sample different combinations of liquids containing the flavour chemicals, with the combinations designed to represent five different edible items—lemonade, cake, fried egg, coffee, and fish soup. They were then asked to taste a liquid generated by the system and select the foods they thought it represented. Overall, they completed the task with accuracy rate of almost 87%—although spiciness is yet to be cracked. Experts in this area applaud the progress, calling it a “compelling step” for digital taste experiences. However, the team notes the system requires further development, not least as there are taste sensations the device cannot reproduce, such as spiciness and fattiness. While not perfect, e-Taste opens doors to immersive dining simulations and could be used to enhance VR and AR systems and sensory research in the future. (　)5.What can the e-Taste device do? A.Reproduce spiciness and fattiness. B.Share flavours quickly over distance. C.Create new flavours for food and drinks. D.Improve the taste of virtual reality equipment. (　)6.How does the “electronic tongue” work in e-Taste? A.By producing edible gel layers. B.By generating electromagnetic signals. C.By collecting chemical data from liquids. D.By transferring food samples wirelessly. (　)7.What does the underlined word “it” refer to in Paragraph 4? A.Liquid. B.System. C.Chemical. D.Food. (　)8.What is the best title for the text? A.VR breakthrough: taste and vision combined B.Biological discovery: taste chemicals detected　 C.Virtual dining revolution: full meals recreated　 D.Taste digitalization: remote taste copying achieved　 C [2025·全国一卷] 文体:说明文　主题:人与社会　词数:323 Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth—they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans. Now, new research suggests that a simple, cheap measure may significantly reduce the level of microplastics in water from your tap (水龙头): boiling and filtering (过滤) it. In a study published Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology Letters, researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five minutes—then filtering it after it cools—could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics. Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) to trap the plastics. In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent. Additionally, the research didn’t include all types of plastics. The team focused only on three common types—polystyrene, polyethylene and polypropylene—and they didn’t study other chemicals previously found in water such as vinyl chloride. Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure—a task that’s becoming increasingly difficult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought. Scientists are still trying to determine how harmful microplastics are—but what they do know has raised concerns. The new study suggests boiling tap water could be a tool to limit intake. “The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice,” Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an environmental engineer at the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New Scientist. “We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.” (　)9.How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph? A.By quoting an expert. B.By defining a concept. C.By giving examples. D.By providing statistics. (　)10.What determines the effectiveness of trapping microplastics in water? A.The hardness of water. B.The length of cooling time. C.The frequency of filtering. D.The type of plastic in water. (　)11.What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning bottled water in Paragraph 4? A.The importance of plastic recycling. B.The severity of the microplastic problem. C.The danger in overusing pure water. D.The difficulty in treating polluted water. (　)12.What is Gauchotte-Lindsay’s suggestion about? A.Choice of new research methods. B.Possible direction for further study. C.Need to involve more researchers. D.Potential application of the findings. ●Ⅱ 应用文写作 [2025·湖南常德高三一模] 假定你是李华,上个月参加了学校举行的“科技改变生活”英文海报设计大赛。请你给你的英国好友Peter写一封邮件分享这次经历,内容包括: 1.你设计的作品; 2.你的感想。 注意:写作词数应为80个左右。 Dear Peter,      Yours, Li Hua A.词汇积累 1.engaging adj.有趣的;迷人的 2.recognized adj.公认的;经过验证的 3.suggest v.暗示;建议;表明;使认为 4.outlet n.排出口 5.accuracy n.准确(性);精确(程度) 6.compelling adj.引人注目的;令人信服的 7.sensation n.感觉,知觉 8.exposure n.暴露;揭露;面临,遭受 B.熟词生义 plant n.工厂<生义>;植物;设备 v.种植;播种;安置 We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics. (阅读C, Para.5) 【译文】 我们应该考虑升级饮用水处理厂,以去除水中的微塑料。 C.长难句分析 Then the second component uses small electromagnetic pumps to push liquids through a layer of gel (凝胶) containing five edible taste chemicals, allowing their delivery to an outlet, placed in a recipient’s mouth, to be controlled. (阅读B, Para.2) 【分析】 containing five edible taste chemicals是现在分词短语作定语,修饰名词gel;allowing their delivery to an outlet, placed in a recipient’s mouth, to be controlled是现在分词短语作结果状语,其中placed in a recipient’s mouth是过去分词短语作定语,修饰outlet,与outlet为被动关系。 【译文】 然后,第二个组件利用微型电磁泵推动液体流经一层含有五种食用味觉化学物质的凝胶,从而实现对输送到接收者口中出口的控制。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $