内容正文:
Throughout history, countless 1. (significance) inventions and discoveries have transformed our life. For instance, gunpowder changed how ancient people started a war. The compass has made long-distance voyage possible. In addition, even today the theory of gravity still helps 2. (astronomer) plan space missions.
However, making an invention is a tough and long-lasting process. The following stories may give us a hint.
Charles Darwin was a brilliant biologist, 3. theory about the origin of species and natural selection has shaped our understanding of nature. He made a five-year voyage around the world, doing field research. Madam Curie was 4. extraordinary chemist. She made the discovery of radium after thousands of days’ working in the lab, 5. (give) an accurate account of every minor change of the radioactive materials.
Another story is about Benjamin Franklin, a remarkable American inventor. He flew a kite in the storm just to find proof 6. lightning was produced by electricity. He had a string tied to the kite and a metal key 7. (attach) to the string. When a flash of lightning hit the kite, the electricity 8. (conduct) to the key and he felt the electric shock. The experiment was very dangerous, but he still risked being injured to seek the truth.
People’s desire 9. (create) will never end. With new inventions in virtual reality, our life may change beyond 10. (recognize) in the future. Whatever the life of future holds, science will always play a crucial role.
❶ shoot v.(shot, shot)射杀;投篮,射门;拍摄(照片、电影);快速移动;冲,奔;射出,放射 n.嫩芽;幼苗;新枝;拍摄,摄影
(1)shoot at 向……射击
(2)shoot an angry glance/a question at sb(=shoot sb an angry glance/a question)
生气地瞪了某人一眼/向某人发问
shoot past 飞驰而过
shoot out 冲出去
(3)shot n. 射击;尝试,努力;击球,射门,投篮;照片;镜头
【活学活用】
(1)写出下列shoot和shot的含义
①[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷读后续写] His reply: “Because I love your stories. If you’re willing to apply yourself, I think you have a good shot at this.” Encouraged by his words, I agreed to give it a try.
②[2023·全国乙卷] To make some of my landscape shots, I have travelled up to four hours away to shoot within a 10-minute time frame.
③[译林必修三U2] The crowd looked upwards, and saw, with unspeakable fear, a huge cloud shooting from the top of the volcano.
④[北师必修三U8] The organisation is called Roots & Shoots because roots move slowly under the ground to make a firm foundation, and shoots seem small and weak, but they can break open brick walls to reach the light.
⑤She shot the ball from the foul line and scored her first point.
⑥She shot past me and ran into the house.
(2)完成句子
①[2022·新高考全国Ⅰ卷读后续写] At the sound of the signal gunshot, runners (冲出去) like bullets, except David. (读后续写之动作描写)
②Hearing his words, she (生气地瞪了他一眼). (读后续写之动作+情感描写)
❷ desire n.愿望;欲望;渴望 v.渴望,期望
(1)have a desire
(2)desire sth 渴望得到某物
desire (sb) to do sth 想要(某人)做某事
desire that…(should) do…
渴望……
(3)desirable adj. 渴望获得的;值得
拥有的;可取的
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①[2025·北京卷] The desire (stand) out consumed me, pushing me towards a regrettable decision.
②[2023·全国甲卷] Bangkok is a highly (desire) destination for food lovers. It has a seemingly bottomless well of dining options.
③She desires her children (pursue) their passions and follow their dreams.
④We surely desire that we (inform) immediately of any change in the travel schedules by the tour leader.
(2)一句多译
每个人都渴望成功, 而成功只属于努力的人。(读后续写之主题升华句)
→Everyone while success only belongs to the hard-working people. (v.)
→Everyone while success only belongs to the hard-working people. (n.)
❸ significant adj.重要的,影响深远的
(1)be significant to/for
对……是重要的
(2)significance n. 意义;意思;重要性
be of (great/no/little) significance to/for
对……(很/不/不太)重要
attach (great) significance to (doing) sth
认为(做)……(很)重要
(3)significantly adv. 有重大意义地;明显地
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①[2025·全国一卷] When the final bell rang in June, I walked away with a yearbook full of messages about writing’s most powerful (significant)—the ability to connect people, to put us in another’s skin, to teach us what it means to be human.
②[2024·新课标Ⅱ卷] Because the system is automated, it (significant) reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants.
(2)完成句子
①As far as I’m concerned, we should (很重视基本语言技能的训练) if we want to learn a foreign language well. (应用文写作之建议信)
②In my opinion, the competition (意义重大). Not only does it improve our labour skills, but it also makes us experience the fun of labour and cultivate a profound respect for it. (应用文
写作之活动感想)
❹ injure v.使受伤,弄伤
(1)injury n. 伤害;损伤
do sb/oneself an injury 伤害某人/自己
(2)injured adj. 受伤的;有伤的
get/be injured 受伤
the injured 伤员
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①Due to an (injure) in one of his legs, he was prevented from making the team for the race.
②[2024·新课标Ⅱ卷] So I changed to weight-lifting, but it was so demanding and I was afraid of getting (injure), so I went bike riding.
(2)完成句子
Although Tim (受了重伤) in the leg, he held on to the finish line. (应用文写作话题之体育运动)
❺ cure n.药剂;疗法 vt.治愈;消除,解决;改正
(1)a cure for… ……的治疗方法;解
决……的措施
(2)cure sb of sth 治愈某人的某种疾病;
改正某人的不良行为
(3)curable adj. 可治愈的;可医治的
[温馨提示] “vt.+sb of sth”短语:
rob sb of sth抢劫某人的某物
inform sb of sth通知某人某事
remind sb of sth使某人想起某事
warn sb of sth警告某人某事
persuade sb of sth使某人相信某事
convince sb of sth使某人相信某事
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①With early detection and proper treatment, many forms of cancer are now considered (cure), offering hope to patients and their families.
②[北师必修二U6] In 1969, Tu Youyou was chosen to establish a team to find a cure malaria—a disease that killed millions of people every year.
(2)熟词生义
Private firms are willing to make large-scale investments to help cure the country’s economic troubles.
(3)完成句子
①The person I respect most is my English teacher, who patiently helped to (改掉了我的不良学习习惯). (应用文写作之人物介绍)
②I drove to the chemist’s, and as I stuffed medicine into a small kit for her, I began to think about (怎样我才能让她相信……的必要性) of such a medicine kit. (读后续写之动作+心理描写)
❻ attach v.系,绑,贴
(1)attach…to… 把……固定/附在……上
attach importance/significance/value, etc. to (doing) sth 认为(做)……有重要性/意义/价值等
(2)attached adj. 非常喜欢……的,依恋的;附属的
be attached to 依恋;附属于……
(3)attachment n. 附件,附属物;依恋,爱慕
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①[译林选必三U2] We usually sleep in private quarters, which are more like large cupboards, or in sleeping bags (attach) to the walls or the ceiling.
②Do not click on an e-mail (attach) unless it is from a reliable source.
③In my opinion, more importance should be attached to (develop) students’ ability to solve problems.
(2)熟词生义
He had grown deeply attached to the little village, finding peace in its simple way of life.
(3)完成句子
①[2025·北京卷] The feeling of success (不再与……挂钩) what grade I received but to the pure joy of learning. (读后续写之个人感悟)
②We call on all of you (重视节约粮食). (应用文写作之倡议书)
❼ flash n.闪光,闪耀;(想法的)突现,(情感的)突发;闪现 v.(使)闪耀,闪光;(快速地)出示;闪现;飞速运动,掠过;突然想到,猛然想起
(1)in a flash 转瞬间;立即
a flash of anger/grief/inspiration
怒上心头/一阵悲伤/灵感闪现
(2)flash through one’s mind
脑海中一闪而过
flash across one’s face 脸上闪过
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
He raised his head slightly, his eyes (flash) with amusement.
(2)完成句子
①[译林选必四U4] Four years had disappeared (转瞬间). I stood with my certificate in hand and reflected on those four years.
② (一阵悲伤) came upon her when she heard the news. (读后续写
之情感描写)
③A terrible thought (闪过我的脑海); I could feel my heart pounding wildly. (读后续写之心理描写)
④ (她的脸上闪过满意的微笑), her eyes shining with joy. (读后续写之情感描写)
● in addition 除此之外,另外
(1)in addition to(=as well as=besides)
除……以外(还)
(2)additional adj. 附加的;额外的
(3)additionally adv. 另外
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①[2021·北京卷] In addition to (improve) emotional health, what do you think are some other benefits of resolving an argument?
②[2025·全国一卷] I took a picture of the vase and posted it online, for $10. A couple of messages came in, one wanting (addition) photos, another asking for a price cut.
(2)完成句子
①[2024·全国甲卷书面表达] (另外), the new energy vehicle is also important in our daily life. It can not only save energy but also reduce pollution. (应用文写作话题之
交通工具)
② (除了打扫房子), it is also customary to decorate it with red lanterns and couplets for the Spring Festival. (应用文写作
话题之节日庆祝)
● (教材P44) In fact, more than one account suggests that while Newton was certainly inspired by a falling apple, there is no proof that it hit him on the head.
事实上,不止一种说法表明,虽然牛顿确实是受到了一个掉落的苹果的启发,但没有证据表明它击中了他的头部。
that引导同位语从句
句型公式
【句式点拨】
本句为主从复合句。句中proof后的that引导的是同位语从句。
(1)在that引导的同位语从句中,that在从句中不作任何成分,也无具体意义,只起连接作用,但是一般不能省略。
(2)引导同位语从句的连接词还有:whether, what, when, where, why, how等。
(3)常接同位语从句的抽象名词有:belief, doubt, news, hope, possibility, fact, idea, promise, suggestion等。
【易混辨析】
that引导同位语从句与定语从句的区别
类别
同位语从句
定语从句
功能
对前面的名词进行解释说明,是名词的内容的体现
对前面的名词进行修饰或限定
引导词
that的
作用
只起连接作用,不作成分,但一般不能省略
既替代先行词,又在从句中充当主语或宾语
例句
It’s a great mistake that he took the book without permission.
他未经允许就拿走了那本书,这是一个很大的错误
The mistake that he made has cost great loss to the company.
他犯的错误使公司损失惨重
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①I made a promise to myself this year, my first year in high school, would be different.
②The pressing question they could return before the storm made everyone anxious.
(2)完成句子
①It was after the competition that I came to the realization (竞争并不是真正的竞赛,而是对我们自己的考验), and that only when we step out bravely, can we understand its meaning. (读后续写之主题升华句)
②The news (一个神秘的陌生人拯救了村庄) from the flood spread quickly, filling everyone’s heart with both gratitude and curiosity.
●Ⅰ 单句填空
1.He found himself in a passive position, constantly feeling the (press) of making a decision that would impact his future.
2.Luckily, with his family’s care, Goldie’s (injure) is cured.
3.It is crucial to attach (significant) to protecting our individual privacy in the virtual world.
4.The strong desire (become) a famous biologist encourages her to study harder.
5.The experimental results contradicted the previous theory (entire), forcing scientists to do further researches.
6.Her extraordinary capability to solve complex mathematical problems with great (accurate) impressed both her teachers and peers.
7.They will use the funds (flexible) to meet the needs of their local communities.
8.After conducting a thorough investigation, the team found minor errors in the calculations but no (prove) of intentional misrepresentation.
9.A (science) experiment has been conducted by some chemists to test the hypothesis (假设).
10.All four countries have adopted the (declare) against hunting rare animals.
11.It seems that you should make an adjustment to your (origin) travel plan.
12.It was said that her last movie (shoot) on location in South America.
13.Sometimes we make our achievements possible not by (brilliant) or talent but by determination.
●Ⅱ 短语检测
1. (此外), there will be no limits to the donation—that is, new or second-hand ones will be equally welcomed.
2. (就……而言) campus life, joining a club is a major step towards making new friends.
3.Our team is (有能力) conducting a comprehensive research project on renewable energy sources, utilizing the latest technologies and methodologies.
4.Returning to his hometown after a fifteen-year absence, he saw everything changed (面目全非).
5.A battery (附加于) the solar panel stores energy during the day, allowing the system to power the house at night.
6.The scientists are beating their brains out, trying to (提出) a solution to the problem.
7. (代替, 而不是) relying on vague promises, the team presented concrete proof of their progress to convince the client to continue the partnership.
8. (例如), virtual reality technology will allow you to explore new worlds and concepts, making learning more fun and exciting.
●Ⅲ 句型与写作
1.The man couldn’t account for the fact in his house. (同位语从句)
那个人无法解释这个事实,即丢失的手表是在他的房子里找到的。(读后续写之情节描写)
2. with the timely assistance of the firefighters.
由于消防队员的及时帮助,学生们和老师都没有受伤。(读后续写之灾难救援)
3.I turned to , his small body rocking from side to side as he swung his feet forward.
我转过身来,发现他向我走来,双脚向前摆动时,他的小身体左右摇摆。(读后续写之动作描写)
4. , the old man offered us invaluable advice on life’s challenges. (with复合结构)
由于对人性的深刻洞察,这位老人就如何应对人生挑战为我们提供了宝贵的建议。(读后续
写之个人感悟)
5. all the students in the room would never forget. (强调句)
正是这些感人的话语,让房间里的所有学生都永生难忘。(应用文写作话题之学校生活)
●Ⅰ 动词变形练
1.If (keep) in the fridge, fruits can stay fresh for several days.
2.I thought he (kid) when he said he was going out with a rock star.
3.He has been hunting for a job since he (lay) off last week.
4.I wonder why he (lie) about his age the first time we met.
5.He (lie) down on the sofa and soon fell asleep.
6.He went out, leaving his papers
(lie) open on the desk.
7.She (lie) there for two hours up to now, not saying a word.
●Ⅱ 构词法规则
构词法
前缀anti-表示“反……;抗……”;
前缀super-表示“超级,超过,过度”
指出下列黑体词的含义
1.In recent years, the development of life science and biotechnology has offered strong support for research of the anti-ageing medicine.
2.[北师必修二U6] She researched hundreds of traditional recipes connected to anti-malarial cures.
3.Thanks to AI, I’ve got my own super-smart personal assistant built into my phone.
4.In the current economic conditions, the bank will be super-cautious about their new lending decisions.
5.[沪教选必一U1] In the 1960s supersized popcorn went on sale in a movie theatre in Chicago.
●Ⅲ 熟词生义练
指出下列黑体词在句中的不同含义
1.event
①[北师必修三U8] Ms Yi had a contented life until a terrible event occurred which changed her life.
②The women’s 200-metre event will be followed by the men’s 100 metres.
③[2022·全国乙卷] To celebrate the festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday.
2.explode
①The car was shaking heavily as if it would explode, making us feel upset.
②The population of the city began to explode after the new factory opened, attracting many workers.
③Jim exploded with anger when he heard how Mary had been treated.
3.eye
①He eyed the delicious cake on the table, trying to resist the temptation to eat it.
②With a keen eye for fashion, she always knows the latest trends before anyone else.
4.feature
①One of the most important features of this software is its user-friendly interface, which makes it accessible to everyone.
②[2023·浙江1月考] The large siheyuan ofthese high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often featured beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars (柱子).
③There is a double-page feature on global warming on the Sunday Times.
5.fine
①If found guilty, he will face six months in jail and a heavy fine.
②Drivers who exceed the speed limit will be fined heavily.
Part Ⅰ 应用文写作
你校上周六组织高三学生参观了新北机器人制造公司(Xinbei Robots)。请你写一篇观后感, 给校英文报投稿, 内容包括:
1.参观过程;
2.你的收获和感想。
A visit to Xinbei Robots
Last Saturday afternoon witnessed our visit to Xinbei Robots, 1. (结果证明这是一次非常有益的活动).
During the visit, we were informed about the procedure of making robots and attended a lecture detailing the development of robots. 2. (除此之外), the most exciting part was 3. (我们获得了与……互动的机会) those multifunctional robots.
4. (我对科技给我们生活带来的非凡便利感到十分惊讶) and took great pride in the significant advances our country has made in this field. 5. (正是新北机器人的先进技术激励着我去追求我的梦想)—to become a scientist and 6. (为我们国家充满希望的未来做出贡献).
Part Ⅱ 读后续写
15.动作描写——面部动作
【语言素材】
扬起眉毛
raise one’s eyebrows
扬起下巴
raise one’s chin
皱眉
frown
竖起耳朵
prick up one’s ears
做鬼脸
make faces
厌恶地捏住鼻子
pinch one’s nose in disgust
捂住耳朵
cover one’s ears
擤鼻子
blow one’s nose
咬紧牙关
tighten one’s jaw
吐舌头
stick out one’s tongue
对某人使眼色
wink at sb
面无表情
show a poker face
脸红
flush red
面颊发烫
one’s cheeks burn
【跟踪演练】
●Ⅰ 单句表达
1.She in surprise when she heard the news.
听到这个消息时,她惊讶地扬起了眉毛。
2.She and walked with confidence.
她扬起下巴,自信地走着。
3.As he struggled to understand the complex instructions, he in confusion.
当他努力理解复杂的指示时,他困惑地皱起了眉头。
4.She to catch every word of the conversation.
她竖起耳朵,想抓住对话中的每一个字。
5.She to block out the loud music from the neighbour’s party next door.
她捂住耳朵以隔绝从隔壁邻居的派对传来的嘈杂音乐。
6.He his friend to signal that everything was okay.
他朝朋友使眼色,示意一切正常。
●Ⅱ 语段表达
Tom is a naughty student who is always playing tricks in class. One day, when the maths teacher was writing on the blackboard, he started 1. (朝着同学做鬼脸). He 2. (扬起眉毛) and puffed out his cheeks like a goldfish blowing bubbles. Seeing this, Emily, his deskmate, 3. (皱眉) in disgust. She was fed up with these stupid tricks and never found them funny. However, it seemed that Tom was unaware of Emily’s reaction. He 4. (吐舌头) at the teacher’s back, which made the whole class burst into giggles. Some 5. (捂住嘴), trying not to laugh too loudly, while others 6. (彼此使眼色), signaling to look at Tom. Emily was even angrier. She 7. (捂住耳朵) and 8. (咬紧牙关) to hold back her anger.
The laughter grew louder, catching the teacher’s attention. He stopped writing and turned around sharply. The students quickly fell silent. The teacher 9. (抬起下巴) and gave Tom a stern look, saying, “Tom, save the jokes for break time. We’re here to learn.” Tom’s face 10. (发红) and he promised to behave for the rest of the class. From then on, he thought twice before pulling pranks in class.
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
$
Unit 3 The world of science
● 语篇词汇串记
1.significant 2.astronomers 3.whose 4.an 5.giving
6.that 7.attached 8.was conducted 9.to create
10.recognition
● 考点互动探究
单词点睛
❶ (1)①尝试 ②照片 拍摄 ③喷射出 ④嫩芽 ⑤投篮
⑥迅速移动,冲 (2)①shot out
②shot an angry glance at him/shot him an angry glance
❷ (1)①to stand ②desirable ③to pursue
④(should) be informed
(2)desires success/to succeed; has a desire for success/to succeed
❸ (1)①significance ②significantly
(2)①attach great significance to the training of basic language skills
②is greatly significant/is of great significance
❹ (1)①injury ②injured (2)was/got seriously injured
❺ (1)①curable ②for (2)v.解决
(3)①cure me of my bad learning habits
②how I could convince/persuade her of the necessity
❻ (1)①attached ②attachment ③developing
(2)adj.非常喜欢……的,依恋的
(3)①was no longer attached to
②to attach importance/significance to saving food
❼ (1)flashing (2)①in a flash ②A flash of grief
③flashed through my mind
④A satisfied smile flashed across her face
短语储存
● (1)①improving ②additional (2)①In addition/Additionally
②In addition to/Besides/As well as cleaning the house
句型透视
● (1)①that ②whether (2)①that competition is not a real competition, but a test of ourselves
②that a mysterious stranger had saved the village
● 当堂过关检测
Ⅰ.1.pressure 2.injury 3.significance 4.to become
5.entirely 6.accuracy 7.flexibly 8.proof 9.scientific
10.declaration 11.original 12.was shot 13.brilliance
Ⅱ.1.In addition 2.In terms of 3.capable of 4.beyond recognition 5.attached to 6.come up with 7.Instead of
8.For instance/example
Ⅲ.1.that the lost watch was found
2.Neither the students nor the teacher got injured
3.find him coming towards me
4.With a deep insight/deep insights into human nature
5.It was these touching words that
● 语言素养提升
Ⅰ.1.kept 2.was kidding 3.was laid 4.lied 5.lay
6.lying 7.has lain
Ⅱ.1.抗衰老的 2.抵抗疟疾的 3.超级智能的 4.极度谨慎的 5.尺寸超级大的,远超常规尺寸的
Ⅲ.1.①事件 ②比赛项目 ③公开活动
2.①爆炸 ②激增 ③勃然(大怒)
3.①注视 ②眼光,鉴赏力
4.①特色,特点 ②以……为特色 ③特写,专题文章
5.①罚款 ②对……处以罚款
● 写作素养提升
Part Ⅰ 应用文写作
1.which turned out to be a very rewarding event
2.In addition
3.that we were given the opportunity to interact with
4.I was amazed by the extraordinary convenience that technology has brought to our lives
5.It was the advanced technology at Xinbei Robots that inspired me to pursue my dream
6.contribute to the promising future of our country
Part Ⅱ 读后续写
15.动作描写——面部动作
【跟踪演练】
Ⅰ.1.raised her eyebrows 2.raised her chin 3.frowned
4.pricked up her ears 5.covered her ears 6.winked at
Ⅱ.1.making faces at his classmates 2.raised his eyebrows
3.frowned 4.stuck out his tongue 5.covered their mouths
6.winked at each other 7.covered her ears 8.tightened her jaw 9.raised his chin 10.flushed red
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