内容正文:
鲁教英语(五四学制)九年级Unit2语法讲解及习题:
一般将来时的被动语态
一、语法系统讲解
(一)回顾主动语态与被动语态概念
1. 主动语态:主语主动发出动作,结构:主语 + 谓语(主动形式)+ 宾语。
例:We will develop new space technology.(我们将会研发新型航天技术,主语 we 主动发出 develop 的动作)
2. 被动语态:主语是动作的承受者,动作施加在主语身上,本单元多用于介绍未来航天工程、太空探索项目,翻译统一为 \\…… 将会被……\\。
(二)一般将来时被动语态基本构成
时态
被动语态公式
否定式
一般疑问句式
一般将来时
will be + 过去分词
will not (won’t) be + 过去分词
Will + 主语 + be + 过去分词?
变形细则
1. 无论主语是单数、复数、I、you,将来时被动的基础结构都统一使用will be,不存在人称变化。
2. 动词依旧需要变为对应的过去分词,区分规则变化(直接加 - ed)与不规则变化(build—built,find—found,launch—launched)。
3. 另一种将来结构be going to do对应的被动形式:be going to be + 过去分词。
(3) 例句
1. New technology will soon be developed.
新技术很快将会被研发出来。
2. International research stations will be built on the moon and Mars.
国际科考空间站将会被修建在月球与火星之上。
(四)一般将来时被动语态常用场景
1. 描述规划、筹备之中,未来将要落地的工程项目、科研计划,本单元太空探索内容为典型场景。
2. 不清楚动作执行者,只侧重事物本身未来的发展走向。
3. 需要点明动作执行者时,使用介词by引出动作发出者。
例:A new spaceship will be designed by Chinese engineers.(一艘新式航天器将会由中国工程师设计)
(五)重难点易错辨析
1. 时态区分(承接 Unit1 两种被动语态,汇总三类被动)
· 一般现在时:am/is/are + 过去分词(常态、客观事实)
· 一般过去时:was/were + 过去分词(已经发生的过往事件)
· 一般将来时:will be + 过去分词(尚未发生,未来会出现的事件)
标志词:soon, next year, next month, in the future, in + 将来时间段
2. 特殊动词依旧无被动语态
happen、take place、appear、occur 等不及物动词短语,不能写成 will be done。
错误:A big space accident will be happen.
正确:A big space accident will happen.
3. make、see、hear 等使役、感官动词,将来被动同样需要还原不定式 to
主动:We will make the spacecraft fly faster.
被动:The spacecraft will be made to fly faster.
(6) 句式拆解
原句 1:Exploration of the planet Mars will be continued.(will be + continued,一般将来被动,火星探索将会被继续推进)
原句 2:Will life be found on another planet?(疑问句式,外星生命能否被人类发现?)
二、专项练习题
题型一:用所给动词适当形式填空
1. A new space lab _________(build) on the moon in the near future.
2. More deep-space signals _________(receive) by our equipment soon.
3. This difficult space problem _________(solve) by plenty of scientists next year.
4. Lots of space articles _________(publish) in this magazine next month.
5. A new type of rocket _________(launch) by our country in 2028.
6. All the basic rules _________(make) to protect space stations later.
7. I believe more alien planets _________(discover) as technology develops.
8. This old spacecraft _________(not use) any more in the coming days.
9. _________more astronauts _________(send) into outer space in the future?
10. The whole journey to Mars _________(put) on record for young students soon.
题型二:单项选择题
1. More satellites _________into space by our country in the following ten years.
A. send B. will send C. will be sent D. are sent
2. —Will they carry out this space plan?
—Yes. This project _________finished before 2030.
A. will be B. was C. is D. will
3. A new space museum _________in our city next year. People can visit it for free.
A. builds B. will build C. will be built D. built
4. Look at the plan. Many new research centres _________for space exploration soon.
A. are set up B. will be set up C. were set up D. set up
5. Scientists will find more exoplanets.(改为被动语态)→More exoplanets _________.
A. will find B. will be found C. are found D. were found
6. This terrible storm will cancel the space flight. The space flight _________.
A. will cancel B. will be cancelled C. cancels D. cancelled
7. Nobody knows when more lunar bases _________in the coming years.
A. will be built B. built C. build D. are built
8. The workers will make the shuttle run steadily. In passive voice, we write: The shuttle _________steadily.
A. will make run B. will be made to run C. is made to run D. was made to run
9. The event take place _________used in future passive voice, for it is an intransitive verb phrase.
A. can be B. is C. will be D.cannot be
10. Lots of space dreams _________into real space activities with hard work in the future.
A. turn B. will be turned C. turned D. are turned
题型三:句型转换
1. Our country will send more taikonauts into space in the future.(改为一般将来被动语态)
2. Engineers will finish this lunar project in three years.(改为一般将来被动语态)
3. They will hold a speech about space exploration next week.(改成否定形式的被动句)
4. The centre will launch a new spaceship this autumn.(改为一般疑问句,被动语态)
5. People will find possible living planets far away from Earth.(对 possible living planets 划线提问,改写为被动句式)
题型四: 判断句子对错,错误写出正确句子
1. A wonderful space activity will be take place next Friday.()
2. This new telescope will invented by young scientists soon.()
3. More space tasks will be finished by our team in the following years.()
3、 参考答案与 解析
题型一:用所给动词适当形式填空
1. 答案:will be built
解析:in the near future 为一般将来时标志,太空实验室只能被建造,选用一般将来时被动语态。
2. 答案:will be received
解析:soon 代表不久之后,深空信号会被设备接收,主语为复数,结构使用 will be + 过去分词。
3. 答案:will be solved
解析:next year 提示时态为将来,难题由科学家攻克,动作存在被动关系。
4. 答案:will be published
解析:next month 是将来时间,航天文章将会被杂志刊登。
5. 答案:will be launched
解析:2028 属于未来年份,新型火箭将会被国家发射升空。
6. 答案:will be made
解析:later 意为往后、今后,各项规章制度将会被制定用以保护空间站。
7. 答案:will be discovered
解析:随着科技发展是未来趋势,更多系外行星将会被人类发现。
8. 答案:will not be used /won’t be used
解析:in the coming days 表示接下来的日子,这艘老旧航天器往后不会再投入使用,将来被动的否定形式在 will 后加 not。
9. 答案:Will; be sent
解析:疑问句需要将 Will 放置句首,宇航员将会被送往外太空,被动结构 be sent。
10. 答案:will be put
解析:soon 为将来时标识,前往火星的全程旅程将会被记录下来。
题型二:单项选择题
1. 答案:C
解析:in the following ten years 意为未来十年,卫星被发射进入太空,采用一般将来被动 will be sent。
2. 答案:A
解析:对话整体为将来时态,项目将会在 2030 年前完工,被动结构 will be finished。
3. 答案:C
解析:next year 是将来时间,航天博物馆被修建,选择 will be built。
4. 答案:B
解析:soon 提示事态尚未发生,科研中心将会被筹建,一般将来被动语态。
5. 答案:B
解析:行星无法主动被发掘,改写被动形式为 will be found。
6. 答案:B
解析:航班会被恶劣天气取消,主语 the space flight 是动作承受者,选 will be cancelled。
7. 答案:A
解析:in the coming years 指代未来数年,月球基地将会被修建,使用将来被动。
8. 答案:B
解析:原句为将来时态,make 变为被动语态必须还原不定式 to,结构 will be made to do。
9. 答案:D
翻译:短语 take place 不能用于将来时被动语态,因为它属于不及物动词短语。
解析:take place 没有被动形式,无论何种时态都不能搭配 be done 结构,因此选 cannot be。
10. 答案:B
解析:in the future 锁定一般将来,太空理想会被转变为现实航天项目,选用 will be turned。
题型三:句型转换
1. 参考答案:More taikonauts will be sent into space by our country in the future.
解析:原宾语 more taikonauts 挪至句首作主语,套用将来被动结构,动作发出者可借助 by 引出,也可以省略。
2. 参考答案:This lunar project will be finished by engineers in three years.
解析:把工程项目作为主语,谓语改写为 will be finished,执行者 engineers 置于 by 之后。
3. 参考答案:A speech about space exploration won’t be held by them next week.
解析:将来被动的否定形式直接在 will 后面添加 not,可缩写为 won’t。
4. 参考答案:Will a new spaceship be launched by the centre this autumn?
解析:一般疑问句将 Will 放置在整句开头,主干部分使用 be + 过去分词。
5. 参考答案:What will be found far away from Earth by people?
解析:划线部分为事物,疑问词选用 What,句子整体保留一般将来被动结构。
题型四:判断正误,改错
1. 答案:×;改正:A wonderful space activity will take place next Friday.
解析:take place 不存在被动语态,直接使用主动形式,删掉 be。
2. 答案:×;改正:This new telescope will be invented by young scientists soon.
解析:will 后面必须搭配 be,再接动词过去分词 invented,构成完整将来被动结构。
3. 答案:√
解析:in the following years 为将来标志,航天任务将会被我方团队完成,句式语法无误。
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