Unit 1 Try your best（易错题专项训练·语法提升）英语译林版三起六年级上册（新教材）

**基本信息** 聚焦小学英语一般过去时、there be句型过去式及提建议句型三大高频易错点，通过“概念-规则-易错提示-分层训练”体系化突破，强化语言运用与应试能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |一般过去时|5道单选|ed发音口诀（清/t/元浊/d//t//d/后/id/）；be动词与助动词区分规则|从概念（过去动作/状态）→时间标志→句型结构（肯/否/疑）→动词变化，形成完整认知链| |there be过去式|8道填空|与have的所属关系区分；就近原则；some/any肯定否定用法|以“过去存在”为核心，对比现在时，通过单复数、肯否定句式构建应用逻辑| |提建议句型|4道句子转换|Why don't you与Why not同义转换；建议应答规范|从句型结构（动词原形）→同义替换→情景应答，实现功能句型灵活运用|

Unit 1 Try your best 专题02 语法提升·易错题专项训练 高频易错点03 提建议的句型: Why don’t you......? 高频易错点01 一般过去时的用法 高频易错点02 there be句型一般过去式的用法 高频易错点、易错点提示、小练笔、答题点拨 易错精讲 一般过去时的用法 高频易错点01 一、概念 一般过去式表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为； 过去主语所具备的能力和性格 。 I played football yesterday. 我昨天踢足球了。 He was a student two years ago. 两年前他是一名学生。 二、时间标志 (1)yesterday昨天，yesterday morning昨天早上 (2) last + 时间，last night 昨晚、last week上周 (3)时间 + ago，two days ago两天前、three years ago三年前 (4) in + 过去的年份，in 2008在2008年 (5) just now 刚才 三、句型结构 （1）肯定句：主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他 He went to school by bike yesterday. 他昨天骑自行车去上学。 主语 + was/were + 其他 I was at home last night. 我昨晚在家。 （2）否定句：主语 + didn't + 动词原形 + 其他 She didn't watch TV last night. 她昨晚没看电视。 主语 + wasn't/weren't + 其他 They weren't in the classroom just now. 他们刚才不在教室里。 （3）一般疑问句：Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？ Did you go to the park last Sunday? 你上周日去公园了吗？ Was/Were + 主语 + 其他？ Was he late for school this morning? 他今天早上上学迟到了吗？ （4）特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？ What did you do last weekend? 你上周末做什么了？ 特殊疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + 其他？ Where were you yesterday? 你昨天在哪里？ 四、动词过去式的规则变化 1.直接在动词原形末尾加ed； work - worked 2.以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，直接在词尾加 d； live - lived 3.以“辅音字母 + y”结尾的动词, 先把 y 变为 i，再加 ed； study - studied 4.以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加 ed； stop - stopped 易错点提示 （一）动词过去式ed的发音规则： 口诀为:清后/t/，元浊/d/，/t/、/d/之后读/id/ 1.清辅音（如 /p/、/k/、/f/、/s/ 等）后，ed 要读 /t/ 。 ask → asked /ɑ:skt/ cook → cooked /kukt/ pass → passed /pɑ:st/ 2.元音或浊辅音（如 /b/、/g/、/v/、/z/、/m/ 等 ）后，ed 要读 /d/ 。 move → moved /mu:vd/ live → lived /lɪvd/ listen → listened /ˈlɪsnd/ stay → stayed /steɪd/ 3.若动词原形末尾发音为 /t/ 或 /d/ ，ed 读 /id/ 。 shout → shouted /ˈʃaʊtɪd/ start → started /ˈstɑ:tɪd/ want → wanted /ˈwɒntɪd/ need → needed /ˈni:dɪd/ （二）关于be动词和助动词的使用区别 助动词（do/does/did）主要功能是辅助行为动词，构建疑问、否定句式 。简言之：存在行为动词时，常用助动词；无行为动词，用be动词。 Were you in the US some years ago?（句子中没有行为动词 ） Did you live in the US some years ago?（句中有行为动词 ） 小练笔 单项选择题。 ( )1．I played games with my friends ______. A．now B．yesterday C．next week ( )2．—Did you go to the library last Sunday? —______. I read some storybooks there. A．Yes, I do B．No, I didn’t C．Yes, I did ( )3．—What did you do last weekend? —I _____________. A．rode a horse B．go boating C．watches TV ( )4．Last summer holiday, we ________ to Sanya with my parents. A．go B．went C．going ( )5． —What did you do last night? —I did my homework and ______ TV. A．watch B．watched C．will watch ( )6．—What __________ you do yesterday? —I __________ to the museum with my parents. A．do; go B．did; went C．did; go 点拨 1. B 解析：played是过去式，yesterday为过去时间标志。 2. C 解析：Did引导过去时问句，肯定回答用did；后句证明去了图书馆。 3. A 解析：last weekend是过去时间，rode为ride过去式。 4. B 解析：Last summer holiday表过去，go过去式是went。 5. B 解析：and连接并列过去动作，watch变过去式watched。 6. B 解析：yesterday用助动词did；答句动词用过去式went。 there be句型一般过去式的用法高频易错点02 表示过去存在：there be句型一般过去式用于描述过去某个时间或地点存在某人或某物。 There was a big tree in front of the house ten years ago. 十年前，房子前面有一棵大树。 （二）句型结构 肯定句：there was + 单数可数名词/不可数名词 + 地点状语/时间状语 there were + 复数可数名词 + 地点状语/时间状语 There was some milk in the glass just now.（刚才杯子里有一些牛奶。） There were some books on the desk yesterday.（昨天桌子上有一些书。） 否定句：there wasn't + 单数可数名词/不可数名词 + 地点状语/时间状语 there weren't + 复数可数名词 + 地点状语/时间状语 There wasn't any bread in the fridge last night.（昨晚冰箱里没有面包。） There weren't many students in the classroom after school.（放学后教室里没有很多学生。） 一般疑问句：Was there + 单数可数名词/不可数名词 + 地点状语/时间状语？ Were there + 复数可数名词 + 地点状语/时间状语？ Was there a cat in the garden this morning?（今天早上花园里有一只猫吗？） Were there any apples on the tree last autumn?（去年秋天树上有一些苹果吗？） 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + was there + 单数可数名词/不可数名词 + 其他？ 特殊疑问词 + were there + 复数可数名词 + 其他？ What was there in the box?（盒子里有什么？） How many people were there at the party last night?（昨晚聚会上有多少人？） 易错点提示 1. there be句型 与 have的区分 there be句型：强调在某个地点或时间“存在”某人或某物，不强调所属关系。 There was a pen on the desk.（桌子上有一支钢笔。），重点说明桌子上存在一支钢笔这个事实。 have：表示“拥有”，强调所属关系，即某人或某物归某人所有，主语通常是“人或物”。 I have a new book.（我有一本新书。），表明新书是“我”所拥有的。 2.there be句型的“就近原则” There be 句型遵循“就近一致”原则，即当 There be 后出现多个名词时，be 动词需和距离它最近 的名词在单复数上保持一致 。 There was a book and two pens on the desk just now.（“a book” 是单数，be 动词用 was ） There were two pens and a book on the desk just now.（“two pens” 是复数，be 动词用 were ） 3.there be句型与 some/any 的搭配 some 用于肯定句，描述存在“一些”事物 ； any 用于否定句或疑问句，表“一些”或“任何” 。 肯定句：There was some juice in the glass.（杯子里有一些果汁 ） 否定句：There wasn't any juice in the glass just now.（刚才杯子里没有果汁 ） 小练笔 用括号内单词的正确形式填空。 1．There _______ (be) any milk in the fridge before. But now there _______ (be) some. 2．There _______ (be) no dining hall three years ago. 3．There ___ (be) a new shop last year. 4．There ________ (be) some small trees here before. 5．There weren’t ________ (some) cars. 6．There_________ (be not) many buses or cars many years ago. 7．There __________ (be) some ducks in the river now. 8．There ______ (be) any tomato soup on the table. 点拨 1. wasn't；is 解析：before过去时，milk不可数，any表否定用wasn't；now现在时，some milk用is。 2. was 解析：three years ago过去时，a dining hall单数用was。 3. was 解析：last year过去时，a shop单数用was。 4. were 解析：before过去时，trees复数用were。 5. any 解析：否定句中some改为any。 6. weren't 解析：many years ago过去时，buses复数，否定用weren't。 7. are 解析：now现在时，ducks复数用are。 8. isn't 解析：any用于否定句，soup不可数，用isn't。 提建议的句型: Why don’t you......?高频易错点03 “Why don't you……?”用于提建议、委婉劝说，意为“你为什么不……呢？” 句型结构：Why don't you + 动词原形 + 其他？ 注意：don't 后只能跟动词原形 同义句型：Why not + 动词原形 + 其他？（省略 you，更简洁，意思完全相同） 例如：Why don't you sing? = Why not sing? 你为什么不唱歌呢？ 易错点提示 常用回答 同意建议：Good idea! / Great! / OK! 拒绝建议：Sorry, I...（补充理由） 例如：Why don't you try your best? 你为什么不尽力呢？ Why don't you practise with me? 你为什么不和我一起练习？ 小练笔 按要求完成句子。 1.Why don't you watch TV?（改为同义句） ______ ______ watch TV? 2.Why not swim?（改为同义句） ______ ______ ______ swim? 3.你为什么不试一试？（翻译句子） ______ ______ ______ ______ a try? 4.你为什么不保持房间整洁？（翻译句子） ______ ______ ______ ______ the room tidy? 点拨 1. Why not 解析：Why don't you + 动词原形 = Why not + 动词原形，是同义提建议句型。 2. Why don't you 解析：Why not 可转换成完整句式 Why don't you。 3. Why don't you have 解析：“你为什么不”用Why don't you；have a try 固定搭配，试一试。 4. Why don't you keep 解析：Why don't you 后接动词原形；keep + 某物 + 形容词，保持……怎么样。 综合训练 一、写出下列动词的过去式。 1. try ______ 2. run ______ 3. give ______ 4. see ______ 5. tell ______ 6. are ______ 7. begin ______ 8. forget ______ 二、用所给词适当形式填空 1. The boy ______ (run) fast in the race yesterday. 2. My father ______ (tell) me a funny story last night. 3. They ______ (play) basketball and ______ (laugh) happily last Sunday. 4. Did you ______ (try) your best in the match last week? 5. He ______ (not shout) at his friend just now. 三、用was/were/wasn’t/weren’t填空 1. There ______ a running race in our school last month. 2. There ______ not many runners in the playground three days ago. 3. There ______ any balls here before, but there ______ some now. 4. There ______ two tall trees near the playground last year. 5. There ______ a cat behind the door just now. It ran away. 四、单项选择 ( )1. —What ______ you do in the sports meeting yesterday? —I ______ the running race. A. do; take part in B. did; took part in C. does; takes part in ( )2. There ______ no sports hall in our school five years ago. A. is B. were C. was ( )3. Why don’t you ______ your best in the match? A. try B. tries C. tried ( )4. There ______ some boys on the playground just now. A. are B. were C. was ( )5. —Why not ______ with us? —Good idea! A. run B. runs C. ran ( )6. He ______ hard and won the game last week. A. try B. tried C. tries ( )7. There ______ any desks in the old classroom many years ago. A. weren’t B. was C. isn’t ( )8. —Why don’t you practise running every morning? —______. I’m too busy. A. Good idea B. OK C. Sorry, I don’t have time 五、按要求完成句子 1. He tried his best in the running race.（改为一般疑问句） ________________________________________________ 2. There was a football match yesterday afternoon.（改为否定句） ________________________________________________ 3. Why don’t you join us?（同义句转换） ________________________________________________ 4. There were some runners in the playground.（改为单数句） ________________________________________________ 5. I ran fast and won the game last week.（对划线部分提问） ________________________________________________ 6. 你为什么不尽力练习跑步？（英文翻译） ________________________________________________ 六、情景匹配 ( )1. Why don’t you try your best in the match? A. No, there wasn’t. ( )2. Did you take part in the sports meeting? B. Good idea! ( )3. Was there a running race last Friday? C. I ran 100 metres. ( )4. What did you do in the race yesterday? D. Yes, I did. ( )5. Why not practise running with me? E. OK, I will. 七、完形填空 Three years ago, there 1.______ a small sports meeting in our school. There 2.______ not many students. I 3.______ part in the 200-metre race. At first, I ran slowly. My friend said, “Why 4.______ you try your best?” I listened to him and ran fast. I 5.______ the game. I was very happy. ( )1. A. is B. was C. were ( )2. A. were B. was C. are ( )3. A. take B. takes C. took ( )4. A. don’t B. not C. didn’t ( )5. A. win B. won C. wins 八、阅读理解，判断正(T)误(F)。 Last Friday, our school had a sports meeting. There were many races in the playground. I took part in the running race. At first I walked slowly. My PE teacher said, “Why don’t you try your best?” I ran as fast as I could and won the first prize. There were many students watching and laughing happily. Five years ago, there was no sports meeting in our school at all. ( )1. The sports meeting was last Friday. ( )2. There weren’t any races at the sports meeting. ( )3. The writer tried his best and won the race. ( )4. Many students watched the races. ( )5. Five years ago, there was a big sports meeting in the school. 参考答案 一、写出动词过去式 1. tried 解析：辅音+y结尾，变y为i加ed（规则变化） 2. ran 解析：run不规则过去式 3. gave 解析：give不规则过去式 4. saw 解析：see不规则过去式 5. told 解析：tell不规则过去式 6. were 解析：are的过去式 7. began 解析：begin不规则过去式 8. forgot 解析：forget不规则过去式 二、用所给词适当形式填空 1. ran 解析：yesterday过去标志，run变过去式ran 2. told 解析：last night为过去时间，tell变told 3. played；laughed 解析：last Sunday表过去，and连接并列过去动作，均加ed 4. try 解析：Did引导过去时问句，后面动词还原原形 5. didn’t shout 解析：just now过去时间，过去时否定用didn’t+动词原形 三、用was/were/wasn’t/weren’t填空 1. was 解析：a running race单数，last month过去用was 2. were 解析：runners复数，three days ago过去用were 3. weren’t；are 解析：any用于否定句，before过去；now是现在时，复数用are 4. were 解析：two trees复数，last year过去用were 5. was 解析：a cat单数，just now过去用was 四、单项选择 1. B 解析：yesterday为过去时间，助动词用did；take过去式took 2. C 解析：five years ago过去，a sports hall单数用was 3. A 解析：Why don’t you后固定接动词原形 4. B 解析：just now过去，boys复数用were 5. A 解析：Why not后接动词原形 6. B 解析：last week过去，try变tried 7. A 解析：many years ago过去，desks复数；any搭配否定weren’t 8. C 解析：拒绝建议，用Sorry说明理由 五、按要求完成句子 1. Did he try his best in the running race? 解析：过去时陈述句变疑问句，Did提前，动词还原try 2. There wasn’t a football match yesterday afternoon. 解析：was后加not构成否定，缩写wasn’t 3. Why not join us? 解析：Why don’t you = Why not + 动词原形（同义句型） 4. There was a runner in the playground. 解析：复数改单数：were→was，some runners→a runner 5. What did you do last week? 解析：对动作提问用what，过去时加助动词did 6. Why don’t you practise running? 解析：提建议固定句型；practise doing为单元固定搭配 六、情景匹配 1.E 解析：问句提建议，答句答应会尽力 2.D 解析：Did引导一般过去问句，肯定回答Yes, I did 3.A 解析：Was there问句，否定回答No, there wasn’t 4.C 解析：询问比赛做了什么，回答赛跑项目 5.B 解析：邀请一起练习跑步，赞同回复Good idea 七、完形填空 1.B 解析：three years ago过去，a sports meeting单数用was 2.A 解析：students复数，过去be动词用were 3.C 解析：全文过去时态，take变took 4.A 解析：Why don’t you固定提建议句型 5.B 解析：全文过去时，win变won 八、阅读判断(T/F) 1.T 解析：原文Last Friday, our school had a sports meeting. 2.F 解析：文中There were many races，并非没有比赛 3.T 解析：老师劝他尽力，他全力奔跑拿到一等奖 4.T 解析：原文Many students watching and laughing 5.F 解析：五年前学校完全没有运动会，和题干相反 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $