Unit 4 Exploring poetry单词语法讲解 课件-2026-2027学年高中英语译林版选择性必修第一册

该高中英语课件系统梳理了译林版选择性必修第一册Unit 4 Exploring poetry的核心词汇与语法知识，通过表格归纳高频词汇（如patience、reward等）的词义、搭配及真题例句，结合知识框架图串联非谓语动词、as if从句等语法点，构建“词汇-短语-语法-应用”的完整知识网络。 其亮点在于采用“真题情境-分层练习-思维拓展”的复习策略，如通过辨析award/reward/prize培养语言能力，设计非谓语动词作主语/表语的对比练习提升思维品质，帮助学生巩固知识，教师可依托资料精准实施分层教学，提高复习效率。

（译林版）选择性必修第一册 Unit 4 Exploring poetry 高中英语单词语法讲解 高频词汇精讲 Third, if you are still struggling to interpret the meaning of a poem even with much painstaking effort, just have some patience. 第三,如果你即使费了很大的功夫还是难以理解一首诗的意思,那就耐心一点吧。  教材P45   Teachers should have patience with the students.老师应该对学生有耐心。  Having explained the question many times, Henry lost patience with his slow brother and began to complain. 在解释了这个问题许多次之后,亨利对他那迟钝的弟弟失去了耐心,开始抱怨。 ①have patience 　　　    sb. 对某人有耐心 1 patience n.耐心,忍耐力 读后续写 情绪描写 用法归纳 高中英语同步 Unit 4 Exploring poetry with ②　　　    /run out of patience (with...) (对……) 失去耐心 ③with patience 耐心地   ①patient adj.有耐心的;能忍耐的 n.病人 be patient with... 对……有耐心 ②patiently adv.耐心地 ③impatient adj.不耐烦的;没有耐心的 ④impatience n.不耐烦   ①(2025全国二)I feared that my classmates might grow tired of my efforts or even lose patience lose 　　　    me. ②(2023全国甲)However,research suggests that if we practiced 　　　    (patient), we’d be a whole lot better off. ③(2022北京)After I read the book, Taylor 　　　    (patient) answered my questions about it. ④(2024全国甲)格雷西教授用他所有的耐心让我考虑一下,不要只看我喜不喜欢。 Prof. Gracie, 　　　　　　　　　 , asked me to think about it beyond whether I liked it or not. with patience patiently with all his patience ...when you finally make your great discovery, your efforts will be rewarded. …… 当你最终有了重大发现时,你的努力将得到回报。  教材P45   If you’re brave enough to say goodbye, life will reward you with a new hello. 如果你足够勇敢地说出再见,生活会奖励你一个新的问候。  The English teacher wanted to reward her students for their good performance and great progress in the exam. 因学生们在考试中的良好表现和巨大的进步,英语老师想奖励他们。  ①reward sb./sth. 　　　    ...用……奖励/回报某人/某事(常用被动形式) ②reward sb. 　　　    (doing) sth.因(做)某事而奖励某人   2 reward vt.奖励,奖赏 n.奖励,回报;悬赏金 读后续写 主旨升华 用法归纳 with for rewarding adj.(指活动等)值得做的,有益的;报酬高的   award 多指奖励在某个领域或工作中取得成就或成绩突出的人,常由评委经过认真考虑颁发奖项、奖金 reward 多指对某人的帮助、工作或服务等的酬谢,可以是金钱,也可以是物品或精神奖励 prize 多指在竞赛或抽奖中所赢得的奖品   ③as a reward (for...) 作为(对……的)奖励   ①(2024新课标Ⅰ)But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read. A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a 　　　    (reward) experience. ②他眼中满是感激的泪水,他坚持因为我们的帮助而回报我们一些钱。 With grateful tears in eyes, he insisted on　　　    　　　    　　　    　　　　　 our help. 选词填空:award, reward, prize ③ Anyone who can find my lost dog and return it to me can receive a $500 　　　    . ④The Scottish girl with blue eyes won first 　　　    in the Fifth Chinese Speech Contest. ⑤Now the Nobel Prize, established by Alfred Nobel, is one of the most respected 　　　     in the world. rewarding rewarding us with some money for awards prize reward Instead, they advocated going back to nature.相反,他们提倡回归自然。  教材P48   Some educators advocated that children should be praised for their great performance. 有些教育家主张,孩子们应该因他们的出色表现而受到表扬。 Since its accession to the WTO, China has been a strong advocate for free trade. 自加入世界贸易组织以来,中国一直是自由贸易的坚定倡导者。  ①advocate (doing) sth. 提倡/拥护/支持(做)某事 ②Sb./Sth. advocate that.../It is advocated that... (某人/某物)主张……(从句谓语用“should+动 词原形”,should可以省略) 3 advocate vt.拥护,支持,提倡 n.拥护者,支持者;辩护律师 用法归纳  ③an advocate 　　　    /of... ……的拥护者/支持者   ①He is a mountain climber, inspirational speaker and advocate 　　　    the disabled. ②The reason why we advocate 　　　    (build) a low-carbon campus is that we must protect the environment and the Earth.   for for/of building The poets also wrote about individual feelings and beliefs. 诗人也写到了个人的感受和信仰。 教材P48   These things cost $3,000 in all, which was beyond belief. 这些东西总共花了3,000美元,这令人难以置信。 She did it in the belief that it would help her career. 她这样做是因为她相信这有助于她的事业。 ①belief in... 对……的信心 ② 　　　    belief 令人难以置信 ③in the belief 　　　    ... 认为/相信…… 4 belief n.看法,信念;信仰;相信,信心 用法归纳 beyond that   believe v.相信;认为 believe in... 信任;相信……的存在 believe it or not 信不信由你 It is believed that...=Sb./Sth. be believed to do... 据信……;人们认为…… •It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science. 人们普遍认为,教学既是一门科学,也是一门艺术。   ①(2023全国甲)So many of us have the belief 　　　　 being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate. that ②(2022全国乙)人们认为如今的儿童和青少年摄入的糖是建议量的三倍,这使他们患病的风 险更高。 　　　    　　　today’s children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease. ③虽然说起来容易做起来难,但对自己有强烈的信心是成功实现梦想的第一步。 Although it is easier said than done, 　　　　　　　　　 yourself is thefirst step to successfully achieving your dreams. It is belived that having strong belief in And having perhaps the better claim...也许有更好的理由……  教材P50   He made a claim for 3,000 yuan after his car was hit.他的汽车被撞后,他索赔三千元。 You can claim your money back if the goods are damaged.如果货物有损坏,你可以要求退款。 The doctor claimed to have discovered a cure for the disease. 这名医生声称已经发现了治疗这种疾病的方法。  ①make a claim (　　　    ...) 索赔(……) ②make a claim宣称  ③claim 　　　    索回;要回 5 claim n.声明,宣称;所有权;索赔,要求 vt.宣称,声称;要求;索取;获得 用法归纳 for back ④claim sth. from sb. 向某人索要某物 ⑤claim to do sth. 声称做某事 ⑥claim 　　　　    sth. 声称做过某事 ⑦It is claimed that... 据称……   ①A man claiming 　　　    (be) a journalist threatened to reveal details about her private life. ②The lawyer claimed 　　　     (discover) new evidence for the case, and requested a retrial (复审). ③据称在与癌症的斗争中取得了重大突破。 　　　    　 a major breakthrough has been made in the fight against cancer. to have done to be to have discovered It is claimed that This open and tolerant atmosphere allowed Li Bai the liberty to develop a free and unconstrained personality... 这种开放而包容的氛围使李白得以自由地养成了随性不羁的性格……  教材P54   The plants are more tolerant of dry conditions.这些植物更耐旱。 Luckily, my parents are tolerant of my choice of music.幸运的是,我的父母对我选择的音乐很 宽容。  ①be tolerant　　　    /towards... 对……宽容;容忍…… ②be tolerant　　　    ... 耐…… 6 tolerant adj.宽容的,容忍的;能耐……的 写作 亲子关系 用法归纳 of of   ①tolerate vt.容忍;容许,允许 tolerate (sb.) doing sth. 容许(某人)做某事 ②tolerance n.宽容;容忍;忍耐力 tolerance of/for... 对……的容忍/宽容 ③其他表示“忍受;容忍”的词汇: stand、bear、endure、put up with、live with   ①(2026河南开封高级中学质量检测)Wherever you go in the world, always be tolerant 　 　      the local customs. of/towards ②(2024新课标Ⅰ)No editor is likely to 　　　    (tolerant) a writer who does not take the trou- ble to spell words correctly. ③(2025北京)Usually, better outcomes are achieved through a thorough understanding of strate- gies like risk 　　　    (tolerant).   tolerate tolerance Equally impressive is Li Bai’s free expression of strong feelings... which distinguishes him from other landscape poets. 同样令人叹服的是李白对强烈情感的恣意抒发……这让他有别于其他的山水诗人。 教材P54   Dogs may indeed be able to distinguish between happy and angry human faces, according to a new study. 根据一项新的研究,狗也许确实能够分辨人类高兴和生气的面部表情。 (2021浙江) ①distinguish 　　　    A and B　区分A和B ②distinguish A from B　把A与B区分开;使A有别于B 7 distinguish vt. & vi.成为……的特征,使有别于;区分,辨别;认出;使出众 用法归纳 between   ①distinguished adj.卓越的;杰出的;著名的 ②distinguishable adj.可区别的;可辨别的 ①(2024全国甲)However, another way the cats are able to distinguish 　　　    situations is by looking for familiar smells. ②(2026上海市曹杨中学月考)Freshman Seminars are small classes just for freshmen, with some of York’s most 　　　     (distinguish) faculty members. ③读书不仅能拓宽我们的视野,也能教会我们明辨是非。 Reading books can not only broaden our horizons but also teach us to 　　　　　　　　　　   . between distinguished distinguish right from wrong Are losing theirs and blaming it on you... 失去理智,归咎于你……      教材P55   These biased perspectives cannot be blamed on one single cause. 不能把这些有偏见的观点归咎于单一的原因。 (2023北京) Despite the fact that my parents didn’t blame me for my bad performance, I still felt guilty and was in low spirits for several days. 尽管父母没有因我糟糕的表现责怪我,但我仍然感到内疚,情绪低落了好几天。  It’s the seaside birds that deserve at least part of the blame for getting Nick Burchill blacklisted. 尼克·伯奇尔被列入黑名单,海边的鸟至少应该承担部分责任。 (2021全国甲) 8 blame vt.把……归咎于,责怪,指责 n.责任,责备,指责 读后续写 情绪描写  ①be to blame (for...) (对……)负有责任 ②blame sb./sth.　　　     sth. 因某事责怪某人/某物 ③blame sth.　　　     sb./sth.把某事归咎于某人/某事物  ④the blame 　　　    (doing) sth. (做)某事的责任 ⑤lay/put/place the blame for sth. on sb. 把某事归咎于某人 ⑥take/shoulder the blame 承担责任   ①(2026湖北武汉黄陂区第一中学月考)Tree climbing is dead. We might want to blame it on the fact that childhood has headed indoors or 　　　    parents’and teachers’safety concerns. ②(2026广东石门中学期中)调查证明,司机应当对这次事故负责。 The investigation proved that the driver 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　    the accident. 用法归纳 for on for on was to blame for 词汇 释义 用法& 拓展 frozen adj.结冰的,冰封的;冷冻的;冻僵的 freeze v.(froze;frozen) (使)冻结;结冰;冰冻;严寒;(因害怕等)停住不动;惊呆;吓呆 freeze one’s blood/make one’s blood freeze 使人恐怖万分;令人毛骨悚然 freezing adj.极冷的;冰冻的 grasp n.理解,领会;抓紧,握紧,控制;能力所及 vt.抓紧;领会,理解 within sb.’s grasp为某人所能及 beyond sb.’s grasp某人不能理解;为某人所不能及 grasp the opportunity抓住机会 高频词汇积累 interpret vt.解释,阐释;把……理解为, 领会;演绎 vi.口译 interpret sth. as sth.把……理解为…… interpret for sb.为某人作口译 interpretation n.解释;说明;理解 interpreter n.口译员 aside adv.到旁边,在旁边;留,存;除 ……以外 aside from...除了……外(都);除了……外(还) set aside把……放一边;留出(钱或时间) reality n.现实,实际情况;事实,实际 经历 in reality事实上 reveal reality揭示现实(2024北京) virtual reality虚拟现实 real adj.真的,真正的 realize vt.实现;意识到 realistic adj.现实的;逼真的 dare vt.& vi.敢于,胆敢;激(某人做某事) modal v.敢于 dare (to) do sth.敢于做某事 dare sb. to do sth.激某人做某事 dare可用作情态动词,主要用于否定句和疑问句,没有人称变化,但有过去式,后接不带to的动词不定式。 characterize (characterise) vt.是……的特征,以……为典型;使……具有特点;描述,刻画 be characterized by...以……为特征 character n.性格,特点;文字 characteristic adj.特有的;典型的 n.特性,特色,特征 encounter vt.偶然碰到,意外地遇见;遭遇,碰到 n.相遇,遭遇,冲突 an encounter with...与……的邂逅   come across偶然碰到 meet with/run into 遭遇(尤指令人不快或困难的事) representative adj.典型的,有代表性的 n.典型人物,代表性人物;代表 be representative of... 代表…… a representative of... ……的代表 represent v.代表;维护……的利益;相当于;展示,描绘,展现 represent...as... 把……描绘成…… owe vt.欠(情);欠(债);归功于 owe sb. sth.=owe sth. to sb. 欠某人某物;把某事归功于某人 owe it to sb. that... 把……归功于某人 debt n.人情债,情义,恩情;借款,欠款,债务;负债情况 pay off debts还清债务 in debt负债 out of debt不负债 Second, approach the poem as if you were an explorer in an unfamiliar landscape. 第二,接近这首诗,就好像你是一个陌生景致中的探险者。  教材P44   He cleared his throat as if (he was) to say something.他清了清嗓子,好像要说什么似的。  He speaks English perfectly as if/as though he had lived in England for many years. 他英语讲得好极了,好像在英国生活了很多年一样。 He throws his arms and legs out as if he were flying, his eyes wide with excitement. 他伸出胳膊和腿,好像在飞似的,眼睛兴奋地睁得大大的。 (2022浙江) 1 as if引导方式状语从句 读后续写 动作描写 ①as if意为“仿佛;好像”,一般可由as though代替,可以引导方式状语从句。 ②当as if引导的从句的谓语含有be动词,从句的主语又和主句的主语一致或从句的主语是it 时,从句中的主语和be动词往往可以　　　    。 ③as if引导的从句有时会用　　　    语气。表示与现在的事实相反时,从句谓语动词用一般 过去时(be动词常用were);表示与过去的事实相反时,从句谓语动词用过去完成时;表示与将 来事实相反时,从句谓语动词用“would/could/might+动词原形”。   as if/as though也可在look、seem等系动词后引导表语从句。 •It is very dark in the woods, and it seems as if there were a fierce beast behind every bush.树林 里一片漆黑,仿佛每一处灌木后都匍匐着一头凶猛的野兽。  用法归纳 读后续写 环境描写 省略 虚拟   ①He stared at me in amazement as if I 　　　     (finish) something incredible. ②那只鸟似乎在等着我,它那炯炯有神的眼睛紧盯着我的眼睛,好像在试图表达某种深沉 的、说不出口的感激之情。 It seemed that the bird was waiting for me, and its beady eyes were fixed on mine 　　　　　     to convey some deep, unspoken gratitude. ③(2023天津)当我的目光落在它们身上时,我觉得自己仿佛正透过一扇窗户看自己的过去。 As my eyes rested on them, I felt 　　　　　　　　　　　　　through a window into my own past. had fininshed as if/though trying as if/though I were looking Given his personal experiences and the historical background, it is only natural to see that the ma- jority of Li Bai’s poems are characterized by the romantic style. 鉴于李白的个人经历和所处的时代背景,我们可以很自然地看到,他的大部分诗歌具有浪漫主义风格  教材P54 Given your busy schedule, I’d appreciate it if you could offer some professional advice. 考虑到你很忙碌,如果你能给予一些专业建议,我将不胜感激。  Given that this is a holiday, it comes as no surprise that the parks are crowded. 考虑到今天是假期,公园里挤满人也就不足为奇了。  ①given用作　　　    词,表示“考虑到;鉴于”,given后接名词或名词短语,相当于considering。 2 given的用法 写作 求助信 读后续写 场景描写 用法归纳 介 ②given后一般可跟　　　    引出从句,意为“考虑到……”。   ①(2024新课标Ⅱ)鉴于人工智能改变我们生活的惊人(astonishing)潜力,我们都需要采取行动 来应对人工智能驱动的未来。 　　　    　　　　　　　　　　　 to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future. ②考虑到可能没有其他东西可吃,简摘了一些浆果,用她的衬衫包了起来。 　　　    　　　　　　　　anything else to eat, Jane picked some berries and wrapped them in her blouse. that Given the astonishing potential of AI Given that there might not be 即使它的真正含义似乎超出了你的理解范围,当你大声读这首诗时,你总是可以说出它听起 来是怎样的。 解读诗歌可能很难,但我喜欢诗歌的是它让我好奇,有时它就像我想破解的一个谜语,或者我 想回答的一个问题。 这首早期的诗在“恐惊天上人”等表达中有着惊人的想象力,已经显示出浪漫主义风格的迹 象,这是后来李白的诗歌的特点。 同样令人印象深刻的是李白对强烈情感的自由表达,这为他描绘的无生命的物体注入了活 力,也使他有别于其他山水诗人。 答案 ①让步状语　②宾语　③主语　④表语　⑤状语　⑥非限制性定语　⑦定语 非谓语动词综述 　　非谓语动词通常指动词不定式、动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式,在句中可用作主语、宾 语、表语、定语、状语和补足语。见下表: 形式 功能 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补足语 动词 不定式 √ √ √ √ √ √ 动词-ing 形式 √ √ √ √ √ √ 动词-ed 形式 √ √ √ √   It is unwise of you to stay up late every day.你每天熬夜是不明智的。 It is no good pretending to know what you do not know.不懂装懂没好处。 Being laughed at in public made me embarrassed.当众被人嘲笑让我感到尴尬。 To enter a good university for further study is my goal now.进入一所好大学深造是我现在的目标。 (1)动词不定式和动词-ing形式都可以在句中作主语。动词不定式作主语时常常用① 　　     代替,动词不定式置于后面。 (2)动词-ing形式作主语时有时也用② 　　　     代替,动词-ing形式置于后面。 一 非谓语动词作主语:动词不定式与动词-ing形式 用法归纳 形式主语it 形式主语it   动词不定式作主语多表示某一次具体的动作或将来的动作,动词-ing形式作主语多表示一种抽象的或泛指的动作。   Sarah pretended to be cheerful, saying nothing about the argument. 萨拉假装很高兴,没有对这次争论进行评论。 You’ll want to look back on your journey to see how far you’ve come. 你会想回顾你的旅程,看看你已经走了多远。 (2023新课标Ⅱ) He thinks it important to learn English well, but finds it difficult to remember the words. 他认为学好英语很重要,但是发现记单词很难。 二 非谓语动词作宾语:动词不定式与动词-ing形式 (1)在afford、agree、arrange、choose、claim、desire、expect、fail、hope、intend、offer、 pretend、promise、refuse、wish、want、decide等动词后,常接③　　　     作宾语。 (2)当find、think、consider、feel、make、believe等动词后接“宾语+宾补”且宾语是动词 不定式时,为避免句子头重脚轻,常用it作形式宾语,而把动词不定式后置。   The thief kept on running to avoid being caught by the policeman. 那个小偷不停地跑,以避免被警察抓住。 Many people have the hobby of collecting things, e.g. stamps, postcards or antiques. 许多人有收集东西的爱好,如邮票、明信片或古董。 用法归纳1 动词不定式 (1)在advise、admit、avoid、consider、deny、enjoy、finish、practise、suggest、tolerate、 imagine、resist等动词及burst out、give up、insist on、keep on、put off等短语后,常接④　     作宾语。 (2)介词后一般接⑤　　　    作宾语。   to是介词的短语有:be used to习惯于……;object to 反对……;devote oneself to致力于……;stick to坚持……;pay attention to注意……;look forward to期盼……;adapt to适应……;adjust to适应……; be addicted to对……上瘾。   用法归纳2 doing doing I like singing.=I like to sing.我喜欢唱歌。 It started raining.=It started to rain.开始下雨了。 在⑥　　　    、love、begin、start等动词后,既可以接动词不定式作宾语,也可以接动词ing形式作宾语,且二者区别不大,常可以交换使用。   I remember seeing him before.我记得以前见过他。 Next time you visit him, remember to give him a call in advance. 下次你拜访他时,记得要先给他打个电话。 It’s apparent that he forgets locking the door.显然他忘记锁过门了。 The day passed fast and I even forgot to have my lunch until I felt hungry. 这一天过得很快,我甚至忘了吃午饭,直到我感到饿了。 用法归纳3 like 在⑦　　　    、forget、try、mean、regret等动词后,既可以接动词不定式作宾语,也可 以接动词-ing形式作宾语,但二者意义不同。如下: remember to do sth.记着去做某事(未做) remember doing sth.记得做过某事(已做) forget to do sth.忘记去做某事(未做) forget doing sth.忘记做过某事(已做) try to do sth.努力做某事 try doing sth.试着做某事 mean to do sth.打算做某事 用法归纳4 remember mean doing sth.意味着做某事 regret to do sth.遗憾地做某事 regret doing sth.后悔做过某事   All I did was (to) give him a gentle push.我只是轻轻地推了他一下。 My hope is for all children to band together.我希望所有孩子团结起来。 My dream is to become a doctor after my graduation from university. 我的梦想是大学毕业后当一名医生。 The aim of the talent show is to enrich students’extra-curricular activities. 这次才艺秀的目的是丰富学生们的课外活动。 三 非谓语动词作表语:动词不定式、动词-ing形式与动词-ed形式 (1)动词不定式可以在句中作表语,说明主语所指的内容,且可以带逻辑主语。 (2)句子的主语是⑧　　　    、goal、aim、purpose、plan、hope等表示意向、打算、计划的 名词时,常用动词不定式作表语。 (3)当主语部分含有动词do的某种形式时,动词不定式的符号to可以⑨　　　    。   This is asking for trouble.这是自找麻烦。 The idea is surprising.这个主意令人吃惊。 I felt really surprised when she told me the exciting news. 当她告诉我这个令人兴奋的消息时,我感到非常惊讶。 You’ll hit roadblocks, and you’ll feel discouraged at times. 你会遇到障碍,有时你会感到气馁。(2023新课标Ⅱ) 用法归纳1 dream 省略 动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式可以在句中作表语,说明主语的特征或者⑩　　　    ,动词- ing形式还可以表示主语所指的内容。   I have no time to go to the movies.我没有时间去看电影。 I have a meeting to attend tomorrow.我明天有个会议要参加。 She is looking for a house to live in.她正在找房子住。 The building to be built in the square will be a new library.广场上要建的大楼将是一座新的图 书馆。 四 非谓语动词作定语:动词不定式、动词-ing形式与动词-ed形式 用法归纳2 状态 Four years later, she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree. 四年后,她成为第一位获得医学学位的非裔美国女性。 (2023全国乙) 动词不定式作定语常表示 　　　    发生的事,一般放在被修饰词的后面,可以有被动形式。 主要用法如下: (1)当被修饰词是序数词、最高级或被序数词、最高级、the only、the next等修饰时,常用动 词不定式作定语。 (2)修饰抽象名词chance、opportunity、way、ability、plan、time等时,常用动词不定式作定语。 (3)用在固定句型“sb. have sth. to do”中,表示“某人有某事要做”。 (4)动词不定式中的动词若为不及物动词,其后须有与之搭配的介词。 用法归纳1 将要   The boy standing there is my friend.站在那里的男孩是我的朋友。 Jack cleared the fallen leaves on the ground.杰克清理了地上的落叶。 Do you see the house being built over there?你看到那边正在建的房子了吗? Many students like to read novels written in English.许多学生喜欢读英文小说。 (1)动词-ing形式作定语常表示 　　　    发生的事,可以有被动形式。动词-ing形式作定语 表示某种用途时,一般放在被修饰词前。 (2)动词-ed形式作定语常表示 　　　    发生的事或表示被动意义。 有些动词-ed形式作定语时仅表示完成不表示被动意义,如fallen leaves(落叶)。 用法归纳2 正在 已经   Susan came to see me.苏珊来看我。 He arrived there only to find the meeting had been over.他赶到那里却发现会议已经结束了。 The child is old enough to dress himself.孩子年纪足够大了,可以自己穿衣服了。 In order to keep warm, we shut all the windows.为了保持温暖,我们关上了所有的窗户。 动词不定式作状语可以表示 　　　    或结果,主要用法如下: (1)动词不定式可以单独作目的状语,有时为了突出和强调目的性,在动词不定式前可以加上 in order (not)、so as (not),但so as (not) to do不可以位于句首。 五 非谓语动词作状语:动词不定式、动词-ing形式与动词-ed形式 用法归纳1 目的 (2)动词不定式作状语表示结果时,常用在too...to...、...enough to...、so/such...as to...结构中。 有时可指出人意料的结果,这时动词不定式前常加上only,以加强语气。   I sat there waiting for him.我坐在那里等他。 Deeply moved, I decided to follow his example.深受感动,我决定以他为榜样。 Having finished their work, they had a good rest.完成他们的工作后,他们好好休息了一下。 Compared with you, we still have a long way to go.和你相比,我们还有很长的路要走。 (1)动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式作状语可以表示时间、原因、伴随等意义。 (2)动词-ing形式具有 　　　    意义,动词-ed形式具有被动意义。 (3)动词-ing形式作状语可用完成式,表示该动作在 　　　    表示的动作之前发生。 用法归纳2 主动 谓语动词   He warned us to be careful.他警告我们要小心。 I saw him crossing the street.我看见他正在穿过那条街。 How would you like your hair (to be) cut?你想剪什么样的发型? We can always expect him to help us.我们总能指望他帮助我们。 I saw him cross the street and enter a shop.我看见他穿过那条街然后进了一家商店。 We must get our work finished by 10 o’clock.我们必须在10点前完成我们的工作。 (1)在 　　　    、forbid、force、order、permit、require、warn、would like等动词(短语) 后,常接“名词/代词+动词不定式”结构,其中动词不定式作补足语。 六 非谓语动词作补足语:动词不定式、动词-ing形式与动词-ed形式 用法归纳 expect (2)在 　　　    、hear、notice、watch、feel等动词后,可以接不带to的动词不定式作补足 语,表示动作的整个过程;也可以接动词-ing形式作补足语,表示动作正在进行。 (3)动词-ed形式作补足语常表示被动意义。   expect、would like等表示“意愿”的动词(短语)后的宾语补足语如果用的是to be done,可省略to be,从而使语气显得更加坚决。   ①(2026陕西渭南质量检测)His ambition is 　　　　    (work) in the computer industry when he grows up. ②(2026四川成都市第七中学月考)Peter’s noisy habits, though still bothersome, didn’t seem as see to work 　　　　    (annoy) as before. ③(2026江西吉安市第一中学段考)The voice engine technology has the remarkable ability to mimic (模仿) human voices with 　　　　    (astonish) accuracy. ④(2026四川省彭州中学月考)It’s our responsibility 　　　　    (take) care of urban parks so that future generations can also enjoy their beauty and benefits. ⑤(2026湖北武汉中学月考)In Geoffrey Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales, the same word can be found 　　　　    (spell) differently in different places. ⑥(2026广东三水中学月考)Chongqing Zoo is a place 　　　　    (fill) with wonder and charm, and at the heart of its attraction are the incredibly endearing giant pandas. ⑦(2025北京)When 　　　　    (travel), we engage with cultures and experiences. ⑧(2025浙江1月)It made me wonder if 　　　　    (give) her advice on snacks was having an annoying astonishing to take spelled/spelt filled traveling giving unintentionally negative impact. ⑨(2025全国一)Most famously, a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign 　　　　    (stop) the destruction of her local park. ⑩(2025浙江1月)The concept was born when German city planners sought 　　　　    (plant) large areas of parkland after World War Ⅱ in a reproducible way that would need minimal maintenance.  (2024北京)That dream reminded me that those fears and desires could encourage me 　　     (take) risks and make experiments.  (2024全国甲)They were the best chance for many rural people 　　　　    (get) the treatment they want.  (2023全国乙)I often leave early to seek the right destinations so I can set up early to avoid       (miss) the moment I am attempting to photograph. to stop to plant to take to get missing $