Unit 4 语法讲解与练习 2026-2027学年仁爱科普版英语七年级上册

该初中英语单元知识清单系统整合了Unit4“Fun in the Sun!”的核心语法点，涵盖人称代词宾格和现在进行时两大知识范畴，构建了从“定义-用法规则-易错点解析”到“句式结构-实战应用”的阶梯式学习支架。 清单通过“口诀记忆+场景分类+对比辨析”构建知识体系，如宾格“动前主，动后宾”口诀、现在进行时“be+doing”铁律标注，搭配易错考点解析和与一般现在时对比表，培养学生语言能力和思维品质。设计分层练习与即时反馈，助力学生自主高效学习，为教师提供精准教学支持。

Unit4 Fun in the Sun!语法讲解与练习 人称代词宾格,现在进行时讲解 一、人称代词宾格 1. 什么是宾格？ 人称代词分为：主格（做主语）、宾格（做宾语）。 宾格用法口诀：动前主，动后宾、介词后也用宾。 意思：动词前面用主格，动词后面、介词后面必须用宾格。 2. 主格&宾格完整对照表（必背） 中文 主格（主语） 宾格（宾语） 我 I me 你 you you 他 he him 她 she her 它 it it 我们 we us 他们 they them 3.宾格两大使用场景 A.主格：放在动词前面，动作发出者（谁去做） 句式：主格 + 动词…… 例：She likes cats. 她喜欢猫。（she 发出 “喜欢” 这个动作） B.宾格：放在动词 / 介词后面，动作承受者（动作作用在谁身上） 两大使用场景： ① 动词后面 →动宾结构(动词+宾格) Help me. 帮帮我。 I know him. 我认识他。 We love them. 我们喜欢他们。 ② 介词后面→介宾结构 (介词at/with/to/for/of等+宾格) Go with her. 和她一起走。 Look at it. 看它。 This gift is for you. 这份礼物给你。 4.高频易错考点 易错 1：单独使用、简略回答多用宾格 A: Who is knocking? 谁在敲门？ B: Me.（√） I.（×） 易错 2：and 并列，分清位置 She and I are friends.（在动词 are 前，主语→主格 she, I） My mum likes her and me.（动词 likes 后→宾格 her, me） 易错 3：不要混淆 her（宾格“她”/形容词性物主代词“她的”） I see her. 我看见她。（宾格） This is her pen. 这是她的钢笔。（物主代词，后面有名词 pen） 5.简单判断小步骤 做题时三步走： *单词在动词前面？→主格 *单词在动词后/介词后？→宾格 *检查变形有没有写错（he→him ✔ he→his ❌） 二、现在进行时讲解 1. 核心定义（两大使用场景，必考区分） 现在进行时专门用于两种场景，翻译统一为“正在做某事”： 场景一：此时此刻正在进行的动作（瞬间动作） 无固定时间，侧重说话当下动作正在发生。 例：Look! The bird is flying. 看！小鸟正在飞。 场景二：现阶段正在进行的动作（长期临时动作） 不是此时此刻这一刻，但近期一段时间一直在做。 例：I am learning to swim these days. 这些天我在学游泳。 2. 专属标志词（解题秒杀信号） 看到以下词汇，100%使用现在进行时，无需思考： *瞬间提示词：Look!（看！），Listen!（听！） *时间提示词：now（现在），right now（此刻），at the moment（此刻）， these days（这些天） 3. 核心构成公式（绝对不能错） 完整结构：主语 + be动词(am/is/are) + 动词现在分词(doing) +其他 ⚠️ 黄金铁律：现在进行时缺一不可，必须同时有be动词+doing，只有doing没有be动词绝对错误！ be动词精准搭配规则 *I搭配 am *单数主语（he/she/it、单个人名、单数名词）搭配 is *复数主语（you/we/they、多人、复数名词）搭配 are 4. 现在分词(doing)完整变形规则 （1）常规变化（最常用） 绝大部分动词直接在末尾加-ing play→playing、look→looking、talk→talking、read→reading、run→running （2）去e加ing（易错高频） 仅限于：单词末尾为不发音的字母e，去掉e再加ing have→having、dance→dancing、write→writing、come→coming、make→making ⚠️ 注意：发音的e不能去，如：see→seeing （3）双写尾字母加ing 唯一判定公式：重读闭音节 + 辅音+元音+辅音 结尾，三者满足才双写 必考词汇：run→running、swim→swimming、sit→sitting、shop→shopping、stop→stopping、get→getting ❌ 易错警示：open、clean、visit 不双写（不满足重读闭音节规则） （4）特殊不规则变化 lie→lying（躺）、die→dying（死亡） 5. 绝对禁忌：无进行时动词 表示状态、情感、拥有、感官的动词，没有现在进行时，永远不用ing！ 喜好类：like、love、hate 拥有类：have（拥有）、own 感官类：see、hear、look、sound 认知类：know、think、understand ❌ 错误：I am liking cats. ✅ 正确：I like cats. 6. 四大完整句式超精讲 （1）肯定句 结构：主语 + am/is/are + doing + 其他 例句：They are playing in the sun. 他们正在阳光下玩耍。 （2）否定句（高频考点） 结构：主语 + am/is/are +not + doing + 其他 技巧：直接在be动词后加not，动词形式不变 例句：She is not swimming. 她没有在游泳。 （3）一般疑问句（必考句型转换） 结构：Am/Is/Are + 主语 + doing + 其他？ 答题规则：be动词提前，句末变问号，大小写切换 简答口诀：怎么问怎么答，主语、be动词对应一致 例句：— Are you reading books? — Yes, I am. / No, I’m not. （4）特殊疑问句（高分难点） 结构：特殊疑问词(What/Where/Who) + am/is/are + 主语 + doing？ 核心考点：对动作提问统一用 What...doing 例句：What are they doing? 他们正在做什么？ 7. 终极辨析：现在进行时 VS 一般现在时（必考对比） 核心含义 标志词 例句 一般现在时 习惯性、经常性动作、客观事实 Every day,often, usually,sometimes I play football every day. 现在进行时 此时此刻、现阶段正在进行 now,look,listen I am playing football now. 【巩固练习】 一、用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. Look! They ________ (play) games in the park. 2. Listen! Someone ________ (sing) in the classroom. 3. My mother ________ (cook) dinner for ________ (we) now. 4. The boy ________ (not run) now. He is walking. 5. Let ________ (I) help ________ (he) with his English. 6. It’s sunny. Children ________ (swim) in the river. 7. She ________ (watch) TV at the moment. 8. Please look at ________ (they). They are dancing. 9. My father ________ (not work) now. He is resting. 10. What ________ you ________ (do) right now? 11. The cat ________ (lie) on the sofa now. 12. We are waiting for ________ (she) at the school gate. 13. These students ________ (study) English these days. 14. Don’t disturb ________ (him). He is reading. 15. My sister ________ (make) a card for me now. 16. The birds ________ (fly) in the blue sky. 17. Let ________ (us) go and play with ________ (it). 18. He ________ (not swim). He is running. 19. What ________ your brother ________ (do) now? 20. Teachers ________ (help) ________ (them) students now. 二、单项选择 1. Look! The kids ________ on the playground. A. play B. plays C. are playing D. is playing 2. Listen! Who ________ in the next room? A. sing B. sings C. is singing D. are singing 3. My father is busy. He ________ now. A. works B. worked C. is working D. work 4. Please wait for ________. We are coming. A. we B. us C. our D. ours 5. —What are you doing? —I ________ a storybook. A. read B. reading C. am reading D. reads 6. Don’t talk! The baby ________. A. sleep B. sleeps C. is sleeping D. are sleeping 7. Let ________ help you with your homework. A. I B. me C. my D. mine 8. They ________ basketball now. They are playing football. A. aren’t playing B. don’t play C. isn’t playing D. doesn’t play 9. —________ your mother cleaning the room? —Yes, she is. A. Do B. Does C. Is D. Are 10. We are watching ________. It’s very cute. A. it B. its C. it’s D. itself 11. My brother ________ computer games these days. A. play B. plays C. is playing D. are playing 12. Where are ________? I can’t find ________. A. they; them B. them; they C. their; them D. they; their 13. The students ________ lessons now. A. have B. are having C. is having D. has 14. —What ________ the girls doing? —They are drawing pictures. A. is B. are C. do D. does 15. Please look at ________. He is very happy. A. he B. him C. his D. he’s 三、句型转换 1. I am reading a book now.（改为否定句） I ________ ________ a book now. 2. They are playing in the sun.（改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答） —________ they ________ in the sun? —Yes, ________ ________. 3. She is swimming in the river.（对划线部分提问） ________ ________ she ________? 4. My father is working now.（改为否定句） My father ________ ________ now. 5. We are helping them.（改为一般疑问句） ________ you ________ them? 6. The cat is lying on the floor.（对划线部分提问） ________ ________ the cat ________? 7. He is doing his homework.（改为否定句） He ________ ________ his homework. 8. Are they dancing now?（作否定回答） No, ________ ________. 9. I am cleaning my room.（对划线部分提问） ________ ________ you ________? 10. She is shopping with her mom.（用now替换these days改写） She ________ ________ with her mom now. 四、汉译英翻译 1. 看！孩子们正在阳光下玩耍。 ________________________________________ 2. 我现在正在帮他学习英语。 ________________________________________ 3. 我的妈妈此刻正在做晚饭。 ________________________________________ 4. 听！她正在房间里唱歌。 ________________________________________ 5. 他们没有在游泳，他们在跑步。 ________________________________________ 6. 让我们一起看着他们。 ________________________________________ 7. 你的爸爸正在办公室工作吗？ ________________________________________ 8. 这些天我们正在学习游泳。 ________________________________________ 9. 小女孩正坐在树下。 ________________________________________ 10. 我现在没有看电视，我在看书。 ________________________________________ Keys 一、单词正确形式填空 1. are playing 2. is singing 3. is cooking; us 4. isn’t running 5. me; him 6. are swimming 7. is watching 8. them 9. isn’t working 10. are; doing 11. is lying 12. her 13. are studying 14. him 15. is making 16. are flying 17. us; it 18. isn’t swimming 19. is; doing 20. are helping; their 二、单项选择 1.C 2.C 3.C 4.B 5.C 6.C 7.B 8.A 9.C 10.A 11.C 12.A 13.B 14.B 15.B 三、句型转换 1. am not reading 2. Are; playing; they are 3. What is; doing 4. isn’t working 5. Are; helping 6. Where is; lying 7. isn’t doing 8. they aren’t 9. What are; doing 10. is shopping 四、汉译英 1. Look! The children are playing in the sun. 2. I am helping him with his English now. 3. My mother is cooking dinner at the moment. 4. Listen! She is singing in the room. 5. They aren’t swimming. They are running. 6. Let us look at them together. 7. Is your father working in the office? 8. We are learning to swim these days. 9. The little girl is sitting under the tree. 10. I am not watching TV now. I am reading a book. 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $