Unit 3 语法讲解与练习-2026-2027学年仁爱科普版英语七年级上册

该初中英语单元知识清单系统梳理了Unit3“可数名词”与“there be句型”核心语法内容，涵盖可数与不可数名词区分、单复数规则、复合名词复数用法及there be句型结构、句式转换等知识范畴，搭建了从基础概念到重点规则再到综合应用的递进式学习支架。 清单以“规则分类+记忆技巧+易错点标注”构建知识体系，如用“思、克斯、师、吃，后面加es”口诀强化s/x/sh/ch结尾名词复数规则，将“就近原则”标注为高频易错点，培养学生语言能力与思维品质。设计单词填空、句型改写等分层练习，附详细答案解析，助力学生自主巩固，教师可直接用于课堂讲练，提升教学效率。

Unit3 Our Colorful School Life语法讲解与练习 可数名词,there be句型讲解 第一部分 可数名词讲解 一、分清：可数名词 vs 不可数名词 1. 可数名词（countable noun，缩写 C.） 能够一个一个数清楚数量的人、事物。 ✅ 有单数、复数两种形式 例：book（一本书）→ books（多本书）、student、apple、box 2. 不可数名词（uncountable noun，缩写 U.） 无法直接分成个体、不能逐个计数。❌ 没有复数形式,不能直接加 a/an,不能直接加数字。 简单口诀:能分成一个个分开拿=大多可数； 液体、粉末、肉类、抽象事物大多不可数。 二、可数名词单数基础规则 单数名词前面一般要加限定词 a /an/the /my/this a pen 支钢笔; an orange一个橙子（元音音素开头用 an） ⚠️ 不能单独写：I have pen.（错误） ✅ I have a pen. 单数名词,谓语动词也用单数:be动词单数is,实义动词单三 重点：可数名词变复数 规则 1：一般情况，直接 +s 【最常用】 读音规律：清辅音后读/s/；浊辅音、元音后读/z/ book → books pen → pens student → students map → maps 规则 2：以 s, x, sh, ch 结尾 → +es 读音：/ɪz/ 口诀：思、克斯、师、吃，后面加 es bus → buses 公交车 box → boxes盒子 brush → brushes刷子 watch → watches 手表 规则 3：以 辅音字母 + o结尾 ✅ 有生命名词：+es tomato → tomatoes 西红柿 potato → potatoes 土豆 hero → heroes 英雄 ✅ 无生命名词：直接 +s photo → photos 照片 piano → pianos 钢琴 radio → radios 收音机 zoo → zoos 七上记忆小清单：只有 tomato, potato, hero +es，其余 o 结尾大多+ s 规则 4：以 f / fe 结尾 → 变 f/fe 为 v，再加 es 读音 /vz/ 口诀：小偷 (thief) 妻子 (wife) 拿刀 (knife)，自己 (self) 宰狼 (wolf)；一半 (half) 树叶 (leaf) 落。 knife → knives 小刀 leaf → leaves 树叶 wife → wives 妻子 wolf → wolves 狼 ⚠️ 例外（直接+ s,不变v）: roof roofs 屋顶；belief beliefs 信仰 规则 5：以 辅音字母 + y 结尾, 变 y → i，再加 es city → cities 城市 family → families 家庭 dictionary → dictionaries 字典 ✅ 如果是 元音字母 (a/e/i/o/u)+y，直接加 s boy → boys toy → toys day → days 三、不规则复数（无规律,必须背） 1.man → men 男人 2.woman → women 女人 3.child → children 孩子 4.foot → feet 脚 5.tooth → teeth 牙齿 6.mouse → mice 老鼠 7.goose → geese 鹅 特殊：单复数同形（单词不变） sheep → sheep 绵羊 deer → deer 鹿 Chinese → Chinese 中国人 Japanese → Japanese 日本人 ⚠️ 区分: two Chinese 两个中国人（不加s） two Americans 两个美国人（American 要+ s） 四、极易混淆考点｜复合名词复数 只变中心名词 a boy student → two boy students 男学生 a girl friend → two girl friends ✅ man /woman作定语时,前后一起变！ a man teacher → two men teachers a woman doctor → two women doctors 五、复数名词用法（句子里怎么用） 1.前面可以：数字、many、some、few、these、those some oranges 一些橙子 three boxes 三个箱子 many families 许多家庭 2.复数搭配动词用 are / have These books are mine. They have five watches. 3.名词所有格复数: *一般复数s结尾,只加’ students’ rooms 学生们的房间 *不规则复数（不带s）加’s children’s toys 孩子们的玩具 第二部分 There be句型 1. 句型含义 表示某地有某人/某物（强调“存在”） 💡 区分：have/has 表示“某人拥有”，There be 表示“某地存在”，二者不能混用。 2. 核心结构 口诀：有单用is，有复用are；名前看单复，就近要记住 There is + 单数可数名词/不可数名词+地点状语 例：There is a sister in my family. 我家有一个妹妹。 There are +可数名词复数 + 地点状语 例：There are three people in my family. 我家有三口人。 3. 四大句式转换（基础必考） （1）肯定句 结构：There is/are +主语+地点 例句：There are two brothers in the photo. 照片里有两个哥哥。 （2）否定句 结构：There is/are + not +主语+地点 💡 关键：肯定句中的 some 变否定/疑问必须改为 any 例句：There aren’t any sisters in my family. 我家没有姐妹。 （3）一般疑问句 结构：Is/Are + there +主语+地点？ 回答：Yes, there is/are. / No, there isn’t/aren’t. 例句：—Are there any big trees in the forest? 森林里有大树吗？ —Yes, there are. 是的。 （4）特殊疑问句（拓展） 提问数量：How many +复数名词+ are there + 地点？ 例句：How many people are there in your family? 你家有几口人？ 4. 重难点：就近原则（高频易错） 当句中有多个并列主语时，be动词的单复数由离它最近的名词决定，和后面的名词无关。 There is a brother and two sisters in my family.（就近a brother，单数用is） There are two sisters and a brother in my family.（就近two sisters，复数用are） 5. 核心易错点总结 ❌ 错误：There have a photo on the wall. ✅ 正确：There is a photo on the wall.（There be和have不混用） ❌ 错误：There is many brothers. ✅ 正确：There are many brothers.（复数名词搭配are） ❌ 错误：There aren’t some friends here. ✅ 正确：There aren’t any friends here.（否定句用any） 【巩固练习】 大题一：单词适当形式填空 1. I have two ________ (brother) in my family. 2. Her ________ (parent) are both teachers. 3. There are many ________ (family) in this big community. 4. These ________ (photo) of my family are very nice. 5. She has three ________ (sister) and no brothers. 6. My grandfather has five old ________ (friend). 7. There are eight ________ (people) in his big family. 8. The two little ________ (girl) are my cousins. 9. I can see some ________ (boy) in the classroom. 10. These ________ (picture) are about my family life. 11. How many ________ (student) are there in your class? 12. My uncle has two little ________ (child). 13. There are some ________ (box) on the desk. 14. We have many good ________ (teacher) in our school. 15. Those ________ (man) are my father’s workmates. 16. There are three ________ (bus) near the park. 17. Her ________ (cousin) are all middle school students. 18. I take many beautiful ________ (photo) on my birthday. 19. Different ________ (family) have different habits. 20. There are ten young ________ (woman) in the room. 大题二：单项选择 1. There ______ a book and two pens on the desk. A. is B. are C. am D. be 2. There ______ three people in my small family. A. is B. are C. has D. have 3. —Are there any sisters in your family? —______. I only have a brother. A. Yes, there are B. No, there aren’t C. Yes, they are D. No, they aren’t 4. There aren’t ______ apples in the bag. A. some B. a C. any D. an 5. How many ______ are there in your family? A. people B. person C. student D. teacher 6. There ______ two pictures and a map on the wall. A. is B. are C. was D. be 7. There is ______ old photo on the sofa. A. a B. an C. some D. any 8. —______ there a cat in your room? —Yes, there is. A. Are B. Is C. Do D. Does 9. There ______ have a TV in my bedroom. A. not B. aren’t C. isn’t D. no 10. My parents ______ two sons, my brother and me. A. have B. has C. there are D. there is 11. There are many ______ in the photo. A. familys B. families C. family D. a family 12. There isn’t ______ water in the cup. A. many B. some C. any D. a 13. —How many brothers are there in your family? —______ only one. A. There is B. There are C. They are D. It is 14. There ______ a lot of friends in my new class. A. is B. are C. was D. am 15. Which sentence is right? A. There have five people in my family. B. There are five people in my family. C. There is five people in my family. D. Have five people in my family. 大题三：句型改写 1. There is a sister in my family.（改为否定句） There ______ ______ sister in my family. 2. There are some books on the desk.（改为一般疑问句） ______ there ______ books on the desk? 3. There are four people in my family.（对划线部分提问） ______ ______ people are there in your family? 4. There are two brothers in the photo.（改为否定句） There ______ two brothers in the photo. 5. Is there a pen in your bag?（作否定回答） ______, there ______. 6. There is a book and a ruler on the table.（改为复数句） There ______ some ______ and rulers on the table. 7. There aren’t any photos on the wall.（改为肯定句） There ______ ______ photos on the wall. 8. There is only one student in the room.（对划线部分提问） ______ ______ students are there in the room? 9. My family has five members.（同义句转换） ______ ______ five people in my family. 10. There are many friends in the park.（改为一般疑问句） ______ there many friends in the park? 大题四：汉译英句子翻译 1. 我家有四口人。 ________________________________________ 2. 照片里有我的爸爸妈妈。 ________________________________________ 3. 我的房间里没有电脑。 ________________________________________ 4. 你家里有兄弟姐妹吗？ ________________________________________ 5. 墙上有一张漂亮的全家福。 ________________________________________ 6. 我的姑姑没有孩子。 ________________________________________ 7. 桌子上有一些书和一支钢笔。 ________________________________________ 8. 你的家里有多少位家庭成员？ ________________________________________ 9. 我的爷爷奶奶是善良的人。 ________________________________________ 10. 我的书包里没有任何照片。 ________________________________________ Keys 一、单词适当形式填空答案 1. brothers 2. parents 3. families 4. photos 5. sisters 6. friends 7. people 8. girls 9. boys 10. pictures 11. students 12. children（不规则变化） 13. boxes 14. teachers 15. men（不规则变化） 16. buses 17. cousins 18. photos 19. families 20. women（不规则变化） 二、单项选择 1A 2.B 3.B 4.C 5.A 6.B 7.B 8.B 9.B 10.A 11.B 12.C 13.A 14.B 15.B 三、句型改写答案 1. isn’t a 2. Are; any 3. How many 4. aren’t 5. No; isn’t 6. are; books 7. are some 8. How many 9. There are 10. Are 四、汉译英参考答案 1. There are four people in my family. 2. There are my father and mother in the photo. 3. There isn’t a computer in my room. 4. Are there any brothers or sisters in your family? 5. There is a nice family photo on the wall. 6. My aunt has no children. 7. There are some books and a pen on the desk. 8. How many family members are there in your family? 9. My grandparents are kind people. 10. There aren’t any photos in my schoolbag. 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $