专题07 动词时态语态2（过去时）（知识清单）（全国通用）2027年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

该高中英语高考复习知识清单聚焦动词时态语态中的过去时专题，涵盖一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时及过去将来完成时五大考点，通过知识脑图搭建核心脉络，分基本用法与拓展用法系统梳理，配套即时训练强化理解。 清单突出实用性与思维品质培养，如在过去完成时拓展用法中总结虚拟语气句型（I wish/If only等）及It was the first time that...结构，结合高考真题与名校模拟分类精炼，写作升格模块提供26真题素材翻译示例。知识脑图助力自主构建体系，易错提醒标注考点陷阱，教师可借此精准突破重难点，提升学生语言应用能力与备考效率。

专题07 动词时态语态2（过去时）（知识清单） 目录导航 01知识脑图·核心脉络搭建——梳理专题框架，搭建知识体系 02考点深研·知能分层突破——深挖高频考点，分层突破重难点 考点一 一般过去时 知识点1 一般过去时基本用法 知识点2 一般过去时拓展用法 考点二 过去进行时 知识点1 过去进行时基本用法 知识点2 过去进行时拓展用法 考点三 过去完成时 知识点1 过去完成时基本用法 知识点2 过去完成时拓展用法 考点四 过去将来时 知识点1 过去将来时基本用法 知识点2 过去将来时拓展用法 考点五 过去将来完成时 知识点1 过去将来完成时构成 知识点2 过去将来完成时用法 03优题精练·专题实战通关——精选优质试题，强化实战应用 高考真题（过去时） 名校模拟（过去时） 写作升格（过去时,26真题素材） 知识脑图·核心脉络搭建 考点深研·知能分层突破 考点一 一般过去时 知识点1 一般过去时基本用法 1. 一般过去时表示过去发生的动作，并有明确的时间状语，如yesterday, last week, in 2024。 In 2024, engineers built smart farms with automatic watering and temperature systems. 2024 年，工程师搭建配备自动灌溉温控系统的智慧农场。 Yesterday, the master taught us how to paint elegant Chinese ink landscape paintings. 昨天，老师傅教我们绘制雅致的中国水墨山水画。 2.一般过去时表示过去的习惯性或经常发生的动作，常与often等频度副词连用。 My grandma often made sweet rice cakes for us during every Lunar New Year in my childhood. 儿时每逢新年，奶奶总会给我们蒸香甜的年糕。 Scientists used to record all experiment data in paper notebooks before digital tools appeared. 数码工具普及前，科学家都用纸本记录全部实验数据。 3. 一般过去时用于并列句“谓语1+and+谓语2”句型。 Engineers adjusted machines and tested new energy parts to raise production efficiency last year. 去年工程师调试机器，测试新能源配件以提升生产效率。 We watched the rocket launch live and discussed space exploration knowledge together last summer. 去年夏天我们观看火箭发射直播，一同探讨太空探索知识。 知识点2 一般过去时拓展用法 1. I wish that…表示“我倒希望……”，从句与现在事实相反用一般过去时。 I wish that I owned an advanced intelligent environmental detector. 我倒希望我拥有一台先进的智能环境检测仪。 I wish that I studied space physics with professional aerospace experts. 我倒希望我和专业航天专家学习太空物理。 2. It is (high) time that…表示“早该……”，从句用一般过去时或should do。 It is high time that we explored new ways of green energy development. 我们早该探索新能源发展的全新路径。 It is high time that we should pay attention to aerospace scientific research. 我们早该重视航天领域的科学研究。 3. I would rather that…表示“我倒宁愿……”，与现在、将来事实相反均用一般过去时。 I would rather that I grasped advanced AI technology for cultural relic protection. 我倒宁愿掌握用于文物保护的先进人工智能技术。 I would rather that I visited ancient craft museums during the next trip. 我倒宁愿下次出行去参观传统手工艺博物馆。 4. If only…表示“要是……该多好！”，从句与现在事实相反用一般过去时。 If only I communicated face to face with professional space researchers. 要是我能和专业航天科研人员面对面交流该多好。 If only I mastered AI technology to repair damaged cultural relics. 要是我掌握人工智能修复破损文物的技术该多好。 5. If虚拟条件句与现在事实相反，从句用一般过去时。 If he were here now, he could explain rocket basic theories clearly. 如果他此刻在场，就能清晰讲解火箭基础理论。 If we had green energy tech, we might cut industrial pollution greatly. 如果我们掌握清洁能源技术，或许能大幅减少工业污染。 【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1．（25-26高三下·江苏南京·期末）Last year the company (profit) significantly from the rising demand for electric vehicles. 1.profited 解析：句意：去年，该公司因电动汽车需求的增长而获利颇丰。本空在句中作谓语，根据时间状语Last year可知，用一般过去时，谓语用过去式profited。 2．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）We were first greeted with the barking by a pack of dogs, seven to be exact. They were well trained by their masters who had great experience with caring for these animals. Our hosts shared many of their experiences and (recommend) wonderful places to eat, shop, and visit. 2.recommended 解析：句意：我们刚到时，一群狗先向我们吠叫了，确切地说是七只。这些狗由主人精心训练，主人在照顾这些动物方面经验丰富。我们的房东分享了许多他们的经历，并推荐了许多绝佳的用餐、购物和游览地点。全文是在叙述过去的情况，再根据空白处前面的并列的谓语动词shared可知，此处用recommend的过去式recommended。 3．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）Filled with curiosity, the artist packed his bags and left. When he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and (point) down the river. 3.pointed 解析：句意：充满好奇的艺术家收拾好行李离开了。当他问河边的村民，传说中的艺术家在哪儿时，村民们笑着朝河下指了指。根据全文动词时态可推测整个故事发生在过去，并由与之并列的谓语动词smiled可知，此处应填pointed。 4．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. 4.was 解析：句意：接下来是望不到头的层层台阶。你不禁会想，当时的人们要把这些石块安放到位有多艰难。此处考查谓语动词，时间标志词then表示“当时”，指代过去的时间，句子使用一般过去时；宾语从句主语it为单数，be动词用was。 5．（25-26高三上·河南南阳·阶段检测）I should have finished my assignment on time, but I (be) busy with other things the other day. 5.was 解析：was 考查时态。句意：我本应该按时完成我的作业，但前几天我正忙着别的事情。有时间状语the other day（前几天），可知要用一般过去时态，故填was. 6．（25-26高三·北京·一轮复习）One day when a group of bees (land) on a primary school, not surprisingly, there was panic among the teachers. 6.landed 解析：句意：有一天，一群蜜蜂落在一所小学里，不出所料，老师们陷入了恐慌。由时间状语One day以及主句一般过去时was可知，此处用一般过去时，land的过去式是landed。 7．（25-26高二上·黑龙江双鸭山·开学考试）When the chemist opened the door, he (greet) by a scene of confusion. 7.was greeted 解析：考查时态及语态。句意：当化学家打开门时，他眼前一片混乱。主语he与谓语动词greet为被动关系，且句子时态为一般过去时，需用一般过去时的被动语态was greeted，意思是“被……映入眼帘，被……迎接”。故填was greeted。 8．（25-26高三下·江苏南京·期中）Originally, they (plan) to drive to the countryside for a holiday, but this was put off because of extreme weather. 8.had planned 解析：句意：起初，他们原本计划开车去乡下度假，但由于恶劣天气的缘故，行程被推迟了。此处表示原本打算，为过去的过去，用过去完成时。 9．（25-26高三·全国·寒假作业）Gatera has been concentrating on learning food crop planting techniques in China since he (come) to China for his master’s and doctoral studies in 2019. 9.came 解析：考查动词时态。句意：自2019年来中国攻读硕士和博士学位以来，Gatera一直专注于学习粮食作物种植技术。根据“since引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时”及时间状语“in 2019”可知，此处应用一般过去时，come的过去式为came。故填came。 10．（25-26高三·全国·二轮复习）It was developed by Chinese designers starting from 2002 and (enter) service in 2010, making China the fifth country in the world with deep-sea exploration technology. 10.entered 解析：考查时态。句意：它由中国设计师从2002年开始研发，并于2010年投入使用，使中国成为世界上第五个拥有深海探测技术的国家。此处为句子谓语，根据时间状语in 2010可知，句子描述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，谓语用enter“进入”的过去式。故填entered。 考点二 过去进行时 知识点1 过去进行时基本用法 1.过去进行时表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，往往有明确时间状语at 7:00 last night。其基本形式为“was/were doing”。 At 7:00 last night, the scientist was doing medical experiments. 昨晚七点，这位科学家正在做医学实验。 I called her, but she was recording experimental data. 我给她打电话时，她正在记录实验数据。 2. 过去进行时可描述过去某一整段时间内持续开展、反复发生的动作，强调动作全程持续的状态，不强调动作是否完成。 We were sorting experimental data together the whole afternoon yesterday. 昨天整个下午我们都在一起整理实验数据。 The female scientist was collecting plant samples all day yesterday. 昨天一整天，这位女科学家都在采集植物样本。 知识点2 过去进行时拓展用法 1. go, come, leave等瞬间动词用于过去进行时表示将要发生动作。 Tu Youyou was leaving the lab when I met her yesterday. 昨天我遇见屠呦呦时，她正要离开实验室。 The expert was coming to share space research at that time. 那时这位专家马上要来分享航天研究成果。 2．过去进行时与as, when, while等状语从句呼应，表示另一动作发生的背景。 As they were discussing plans, a researcher rushed into the lab. 他们正在讨论方案，一名研究员冲进了实验室。 She was reading papers when her partner brought new samples. 她正在研读文献，搭档送来了新样本。 3. 频度副词如 always, forever, continually, constantly 与过去进行时连用时，通过重复的动作传递强烈的感情色彩，如赞扬、喜爱、抱怨、不满、不耐烦等。 She was constantly staying up late to finish medical experiments. 她那时候总熬夜完成医学实验。（敬佩） The old machine was continually breaking down during our research. 那台旧仪器做研究时总出故障。（烦躁） 【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1．（26-27高二·全国·暑假作业）At this time last week, we (lie) on the beach enjoying the sunshine. 1.were lying 【解析】句意：上周的这个时候，我们正躺在沙滩上享受阳光。At this time last week是明确的过去时间点，表示当时正在进行的动作，用过去进行时。主语为we, 谓语为were lying。 2．（2026高二下·福建泉州·专题练习）We (shelter) from the rain at the entrance of a shop when someone handed us an umbrella. 2.were sheltering 【解析】考查时态。句意：我们正在一家商店的入口处避雨，这时有人递给我们一把伞。此处为be doing... when...句型，表示“正在做……这时……”，描述过去正在发生的事情，用过去进行时，主语为We，be动词用were，谓语用were sheltering。故填were sheltering。 3．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）At two o’clock yesterday afternoon, my father (work) in the vegetable garden. 3.was working 【解析】考查时态。句意：昨天下午两点钟，我父亲正在菜园里劳作。根据上文At two o’clock yesterday afternoon可知，过去特定的时间点在干某事用过去进行时，主语为father，谓语用单数。故填was working。 4．（26-27高三·上海·初升高衔接）Bill had just finished my work and (start) to have a rest. 4.was starting 【解析】句意：比尔刚完成工作，正要开始休息。and连接并列动作，前面had finished是过去完成时，表明该句发生在过去，结合句意，此处表示过去即将发生，用过去进行时was starting表示将要发生的动作，主语Bill为第三人称单数，所以谓语动词为was starting。 5．（25-26高三·广东·学业考试复习）While I (prepare) dinner last night, my brother (call) to tell me about his new job. 5.was preparing; called 【解析】考查过去进行时与一般过去时。句意：昨晚我正在准备晚饭时，我哥哥打电话告诉我他的新工作。第一个空处为时间状语从句的谓语动词，while引导的时间状语从句表过去持续进行的动作，用过去进行时；第二个空处为主句的谓语动词，call表短暂性动作，句子陈述过去的事实，用一般过去时。故填①was preparing②called。 考点三 过去完成时 知识点1 过去完成时基本用法 1.表示某一动作或状态在过去某一时间之前或过去某一动作之前已经完成，核心是“过去的过去”。常与by 2023, bt the end of last month, by the time...等连用。 By the end of last month, farmers had planted thousands of improved rice seedlings. 到上月末，农户们已经栽种了数千株改良水稻秧苗。 By the time the spaceship took off, researchers had completed all technical checks. 飞船升空时，科研人员早已完成全部技术检测。 2.与before, until, when连用，表示在过去某一时间之前或过去某一动作之前已经完成。 I had finished all homework before my mother came back. 妈妈回来前，我就写完了所有作业。 The film had already started when we got to the cinema. 我们到电影院时，电影已经开场了。 知识点2 过去完成时拓展用法 1. intend, mean, plan等动词过去完成时可以用来表示一个本来打算做而未做的事，意为“原本打算……”。 We had planned to go hiking, but it rained all day. 我们原本计划去徒步，结果下了一整天雨。 I had intended to visit you, but I fell ill suddenly. 我本来打算去看你，可我突然生病了。 2. It was the first time that…句型that从句用过去完成时。 It was the second time that he had failed the driving test. 那是他第二次驾照考试失利。 It was the first time that I had seen such a wonderful movie. 当时那是我第一次看这么精彩的电影。 It is the first time that....句型表示“第一次……”，从句用现在完成时； It is the first time that this robot has finished independent space testing. 这是该机器人首次完成独立太空测试。 It was the last time that we had toured the aerospace exhibition. 那是我们最后一次参观这场航天展。 3. hardly…when…和no sooner… than…句型主句用过去完成时，表示“刚一……就”。 No sooner had we set off than a strong wind came. 我们刚出发就刮起大风。 She had hardly finished the work when the bell rang. 她刚做完工作，铃声就响了。 1.该句型when或than前是主句，用过去完成时； 2.No sooner或者Hardly位于句首，主句用过去完成时。 The opera performance had no sooner ended than warm applause burst out. =No sooner had the opera performance ended than warm applause burst out. 戏曲表演刚结束热烈的掌声就响了起来。 4. If虚拟条件句表示与过去事实相反时，常用过去完成时。 If she had caught the train, she wouldn’t have missed the meeting. 她要是赶上那趟火车，就不会错过会议了。 Had we set out earlier, we wouldn’t have been late. 我们要是早点出发，就不会迟到了。 5. I wish that…, If only…, I’d rather that…等从句表示与过去事实相反，常用用过去完成时。 I wish that we had launched that new space telescope years ago. 我真希望我们多年前就发射那台新型太空望远镜。 If only we had recorded all traditional crafts with high-definition video back then. 要是我们当年用高清影像记录下全部传统手工艺就好了。 I’d rather that they had fixed the satellite before its launch. 我真希望他们在发射前修好这颗卫星。 I’d rather that....从句表示与现在或将来事实相反，都用一般过去时。 I’d rather that more young people loved traditional Chinese paintings. （与现在事实相反） 我希望现在更多年轻人喜爱中国传统国画。 I’d rather that new aircraft carried more cultural exhibits abroad. （与将来事实相反） 我希望新型客机将来运送更多文物出国展出。 【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1．（26-27高二·全国·暑假作业）She said that she (finish) her homework before nine o’clock the night before. 1.had finished 【解析】句意：她说她前一天晚上九点前就已经完成作业了。主句said为一般过去时，从句中before nine o’clock the night before对应昨晚九点之前，动作发生在said之前，故用过去完成时。 2．（26-27高二·全国·暑假作业）It was the first time that I (eat) such delicious Chinese food. 2.had eaten 【解析】句意：那是我第一次吃到如此美味的中国食物。It was the first time that...为固定句型，意为“那是第一次做某事”，that从句中应用过去完成时，表示在was之前已经完成的动作。eat的过去分词为eaten。 3．（26-27高二·全国·暑假作业）By the time I walked into the bookstore, my friend (buy) the last copy of that novel. 3.had bought 【解析】句意：我走进书店时，我的朋友已经买走了那本小说的最后一本。根据 By the time引导的时间状语从句用了一般过去时，主句动作“买”发生在“走进”之前，故用过去完成时，buy的过去分词为bought。 4．（26-27高二·全国·暑假作业）He (serve) in the army for ten years before he worked in the company. 4.had served 【解析】句意：他在公司工作之前，曾在军队服役十年。由before he worked in the company可知，空格处用过去完成时，表示过去的过去完成的动作。 5．（25-26高二下·全国·课后作业）He (plan) to attend the youth forum, but he missed the train. 5.had planned 【解析】句意：他原本计划参加青年论坛的，但他错过了火车。空格处是谓语动词，根据下文的but he missed the train可知，“计划参加青年论坛”是“错过火车”以前的事，表示“过去的过去”，应该用过去完成时，所以填had planned。 6．（25-26高二下·全国·课后作业）She smiled as if nothing (happen), though she was very sad inside. 6.had happened 【解析】句意：她微笑着，仿佛什么都没发生过，尽管她内心非常难过。as if引导方式状语从句，当从句表示与过去事实相反的假设时，要用过去完成时。这里表示实际上发生了让她难过的事，但她表现得好像没发生，与过去事实相反，所以填had happened。 7．（24-25高三·全国·一轮复习）I (intend) to go outing yesterday, but I had an unexpected visitor. 7.had intended 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：我昨天原本打算去外出的，但是有一个不速之客来访。根据“yesterday”和“but”可知，此处表示过去没有实现的愿望，需用虚拟语气，应用过去完成时had intended to do。故填had intended。 8．（26-27高二上·全国·课后作业）When Mr. and Mrs. Green got home, Kevin went to talk to them. He explained how he (witness) the strange man entering their house and how he was arrested. 8.had witnessed 【解析】句意：当格林夫妇回到家时，凯文便去找他们谈话。他讲述了自己是如何目睹那个陌生男子闯入他们家的，以及那个陌生男子是如何被逮捕的。此处从句的动作发生在explained之前，即过去的过去，应用过去完成时，即had witnessed“见证，目睹”。 9．（25-26高二下·全国·课后作业）This is the first time that he (take) part in an international youth writing competition. 9.has taken 【解析】句意：这是他第一次参加国际青年写作比赛。在固定句型This is the first time that...中，that从句的时态应该用现在完成时，主语是he，助动词用has，所以填has taken。 10．（26-27高二·全国·暑假作业）The young man (panic) when he saw the drowning child in the river. 10.panicked 【解析】句意：这个年轻人看到河里溺水的孩子时惊慌失措。从句谓语saw为一般过去时，主句动作与从句动作同时发生，主句使用一般过去时；panic作动词意为“惊慌”，其过去式为panicked。 考点四 过去将来时 知识点1 过去将来时基本用法 “should/would +动词原形”表示从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作，多用于主从复合句中。其基本形式为“would+动词原形”。 He told us the AI machine would repair damaged digital cultural files. 他告诉我们这台人工智能设备会修复受损数字文化档案。 The guide promised he would show us ancient embroidery works next morning. 导游承诺次日早上会带我们观赏古代刺绣作品。 知识点2 过去将来时基本用法 1. was/were about to do…when…表示“正要……这时发生另一件事”。 He was about to save the data when the computer shut down. 他正要保存数据，电脑突然关机了。 They were about to put on the shadow play when heavy rain poured down. 他们正要上演皮影戏，这时大雨倾盆而下。 2. go, come leave等动词的过去进行时表示将要发生的动作。 The artists were leaving for the ancient town to collect folk art materials. 艺术家们正要动身前往古镇搜集民间艺术素材。 The astronaut told us he was flying to the space station the next day. 宇航员告诉我们他次日就要飞往空间站。 3. was/were to do强调计划性，比较正式，意为“将要做某事”。 The team was to send a new satellite into space the next month. 团队原定次月发射一颗新型卫星。 They were to hold a national ancient craft exhibition in the city hall. 他们原定在市政厅举办全国传统手工艺展。 【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1．（25-26高三下·北京西城·阶段检测）The local government announced that they (build) a new nature reserve in the mountain area the next year. 1.would build 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：当地政府宣布，他们将于次年在山区新建一个自然保护区。空处作that引导的宾语从句的谓语，结合“announced”和“the next year”可知，build“建造”的动作是从过去某个时间看将要发生，时态应用过去将来时。故填would build。 2．（25-26高一上·江苏无锡·期末）Mike was aware of his mistake and promised that he (devote) to his duty. 2.would be devoted 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：迈克意识到了自己的错误，并承诺会全身心投入到工作中。主句谓语动词 promised是一般过去时，其后的宾语从句需要遵循时态呼应规则，用相应的过去时态。从句表达的是“承诺将要投入到职责中”，属于过去将来时的用法，结构为would + 动词原形。故填would be devoted。 3．（25-26高三上·山西太原·期末）Linda was about (start) telling her story when the phone rang. 3.to start 【解析】考查不定式。句意： 电话响时，Linda正打算开始讲述她的故事。be about to do sth. when...“正要做某事时, 这时突然……”为固定搭配，此处应用动词不定式。故填to start。 4．（25-26高三上·山东济南·期末）I heard the trip (be) to visit our sister school in Boston. That excited me. 4.was 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：我听说这次旅行是去参观我们在波士顿的姐妹学校。这让我很兴奋。主句heard使用的是一般过去时，宾语从句也用表示过去的某种时态，故从句使用过去将来时was/were to do，主语trip表示单数意义，be动词使用was，故填was。 5．（23-24高一上·上海·阶段检测）I didn’t know when she (come), but when she (come), I would let you know. 5. would come, came 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：我不知道她什么时候来，但她来了，我会告诉你的。分析句子结构可知，两空均为谓语动词，根据句意可知，第一空为宾语从句中的谓语，come应发生在将来，结合主句的谓语动词didn’t know可知，第一空使用过去将来时，所以应为would come；第二空为时间状语从句中的谓语，根据主将从现原则，主句为将来时，从句应为一般现在时，结合语境可知，全句发生在过去，所以主句使用过去将来时would let，从句中的come应使用一般过去时，所以第二空应为came。故填①would come；②came。 考点五 过去将来完成时 知识点1 过去将来完成时的构成 过去将来完成时的基本形式为“would /should + have +过去分词”。 If she had saved the AI files, she would not have lost all research data. 倘若她当时保存人工智能文件，就不会丢失全部研究资料。 知识点2 过去将来完成时的用法 过去将来完成时(would have done)表示立足于过去某一时间，描述到那个时间点之后的某个将来时刻，动作早已完成，多用于虚拟语气。 If we had backed up the data, we would have saved those ancient cultural records. 要是我们当初备份数据，本就能保住那些古籍资料。 Had they tested the rocket fully, they would have avoided the launch failure. 倘若他们完整检测火箭，本可以避免发射失败。 【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway (not write) his famous novel A Farewell to Arms. 1.wouldn’t have written 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果没有战时经历的话，海明威就不会写出他著名的小说《永别了，武器》。without构成的介词短语相当于与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句；根据语境可知，此处表示对过去情况的虚拟，所以谓语动词用 would have done 结构，且此处表示否定意义。故填wouldn’t have written。 2．（25-26高三·全国·二轮复习）Without your help, we (fail) the exam last week. 2.would have failed 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果没有你的帮助，我们上周就不会通过考试了。根据“Without your help”可知，此处为含蓄条件句，表示与过去事实相反的假设，主句谓语动词应用“would/could/should/might+have+过去分词”形式，结合句意，此处用would表示“会”，故填would have failed。 3．（25-26高三下·全国·课后作业）If they had driven more kilometers, they (find) a better hotel. 3.would have found 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：要是他们再多开几公里，就会找到一家更好的旅馆了。空处为主句谓语动词，结合从句“If they had driven more kilometers”可知，虚拟语气，主句陈述的内容与过去的事实相反，主句谓语部份应用would have done。故填would have found。 4．（25-26高三·全国·一轮复习）The workers were not better organized, otherwise they (accomplish) the task in half the time. 4.would have accomplished 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：工人们没有被更好的组织起来，否则他们用一半的时间就能完成任务。根据上句“the workers were not better organized”可知，这是对过去事情的虚拟。表示与过去事实相反的假设，其句子结构为：从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他，主句：主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他，此处只考查对主句的虚拟。故填would have accomplished。 5．（25-26高二下·江苏南京·阶段检测）I (realize) the experience that I was heading for was anything but boring, had I read the brochure carefully. 5.would have realized 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我仔细阅读了宣传册，我就会意识到我即将前往的体验一点也不无聊。由句意及 had I read the brochure carefully为if引导的虚拟语气，与过去事实相反，从句时态为过去完成时，此时主句应用would+have done的结构。故答案为would have realized。 优题精练·专题实战通关 高考真题分类精炼（过去时态） 1.（2026全国一卷）As transportation and communication ___________ (be) underdeveloped at that time, it was very difficult for households to obtain daily necessities. 1. were 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：由于当时交通和通讯都不发达，家家户户很难买到日常必需品。提示词作谓语，时间状语“In the old days”表明用一般过去时态，主语“transportation and communication”为复数概念，谓语用复数形式were。 2.（2025北京卷）Making choices is part of life. By the time you brushed your teeth, you ___________ (make) several decisions even without noticing. 2. had made 解析：考查动词时态。句意：当你刷牙的时候，你甚至在不知不觉中已经做了好几个决定。根据时间状语“By the time you brushed your teeth”可知，此处表示在过去某一时间点之前已经完成的动作，时态应用过去完成时，谓语用had made。故填had made。 3.（2025北京卷）However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists 18 (leave) over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year, which accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024. 3. left 考查时态。句意：然而，根据世界野生动物基金会的一份报告，去年游客产生了超过13亿吨的食物垃圾，这约占2024年全球气体排放总量的8%。根据“last year”可知，描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，“leave”的过去式是“left”。故填left。 4. (2025天津3月卷）The reading materials________ before the training began, so that everyone had a copy. A. have printed B. had printed C. have been printed D. had been printed 4.D 【解析】考查时态语态。句意：这些阅读材料在培训开始前就已经印好了，因此每个人都能拿到一份。“打印阅读材料”发生在“培训开始”之前，“began”是过去式，过去的过去需用过去完成时（had + 过去分词），且主语与谓语构成被动关系，故用过去完成时的被动语态。故选D。 5. (2025天津6月卷）Deng Jiaxian was one of the 23 scientists who awarded for their extraordinary contributions to China’s “two bombs, one satellite” project. A. was B. were C. has D. have 5.B 【解析】考查主谓一致和动词语态。句意：邓稼先，是因对中国“两弹一星”工程做出卓越贡献而获奖的 23 位科学家之一。who引导定语从句，先行词是the 23 scientists（复数名词），关系词who代替先行词在从句中作主语，且与award为被动关系，事情发生在过去，时态用一般过去时，从句用一般过去时的被动语态，be动词用were。故选B。 6. (2025天津6月卷）The Song Dynasty the introduction of jiaozi, which is supposedly the world’s first paper money. A. has seen B. had seen C. sees D. saw 6. D 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：宋朝见证了交子的出现，交子据说是世界上第一种纸币。see(见证)作主句谓语，结合“The Song Dynasty”可知，这一动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。故选D项。 7. (2024九省联考卷）Fountain pens __________ (use) in schools long ago and have been regaining popularity lately because they are refillable. 7. were used 解析：考查动词时态和语态。句意：钢笔很久以前就在学校里使用了，最近又重新流行起来，因为它们可以重新填充。空格处作谓语，根据时间状语long ago可知，应用一般过去时，主语Fountain pens和动词use之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were used。 8.（2024浙江1月卷）However, though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes __________ (offer) in smaller packs. 8. be offered 解析：考查含有情态动词的被动语态。句意：然而，虽然一包香肠能便宜几美分是件好事，但如果有时能以小包装出售，那就更好了。动词offer意为“提供”，和主语构成被动关系，主语they代指前文中的sausages。在情态动词could后动词应用原形。故填be offered。 9.（2024新课标II卷）“Some of the things that Tang was writing about ____________ (be) also Shakespeare’s concerns. I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways to Romeo and Juliet.” 9. were 解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“汤显祖所写的一些内容也是莎士比亚所关心的。我碰巧知道汤显祖的戏剧《牡丹亭》在某些方面与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》相似。”这里为本句谓语动词，根据句意以及定语从句时态可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“some of the things”，复数。故填were。 10.（2024新课标II卷）Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, inspired by The Peony Pavilion, ____________ (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. 10. was built 解析：考查时态和语态。句意：两年后，一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成，该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程，其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。这里为本句谓语动词，根据时间状语“Two years later”可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“a six-meter-tall pavilion”，单数，和动词“build”之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was built。 11.（2023新课标II卷）As a little girl, I _________ (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. 11. wished 解析：考查动词时态。句意：作为一个小女孩，我希望长大后成为一名动物园管理员。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以wish作本句谓语，和主语I之间是主动关系，根据后文的grew可知用一般过去时。故填wished。 12.（2023全国乙卷）Having visited several times over the last 10 years, I _________ (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. 12. was amazed 解析：考查时态和语态。句意：在过去的10年里，我多次访问北京，我惊讶于这里的新旧共存，惊讶于一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为本句谓语动词，根据下文“how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.”可知，本句用一般过去时；主语I和动词amaze之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was amazed。 13.（2023北京卷）Soon after moving to Switzerland, I _________ (throw) a house-warming party and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up exactly on time. 13. threw 解析：考查动词时态。句意：搬到瑞士后不久，我要举办一个乔迁派对，当所有30位客人都准时出现时，我感到非常惊讶。根据后文and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up可知，句子陈述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填threw。 14.（2023北京卷）Years later, having moved to France. I turned up at the appointed hour for a dinner, only to find that no other guest _________ (arrive) and my hostess was still in her sleeping suit. 14. had arrived 解析：考查动词时态。句意：多年以后，搬到法国后，我在约定的时间赴宴，却发现没有其他客人到场，女主人还穿着睡衣。此处表示的动作发生在主句动词turned up之前，属于“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时。故填had arrived。 15.（2022新课标I卷）The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that __________ (be) previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority to increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management. 15.were 解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。设空处在that引导的限制性定语从句中作谓语，先行词为a significant number of areas，先行词在从句中作主语，根据“previously (之前地)”可知从句的时态应为一般过去时，根据主谓一致，从句主语复数，从句谓语复数形式。故填were。 16.（2022新课标II卷）Henry _________ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. 16. was fixing 解析：句意：听到尖叫声时，亨利正在修车。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写谓语动词。根据空后的when he heard the screams，可知，这是“was/were doing…when…”句型，设空处的动作是正在发生的，同时该句描述的是过去的事实。故使用过去进行时。fix为动词，意为“修理”，其过去进行时为was fixing。故填was fixing。 17.（2022北京卷）Eventually, the man _________ (catch) up with her, and he was only trying to return her wallet! 17. caught 解析：考查动词时态。句意：最终，那个男人追上了她，他只是想把她的钱包还给她！结合句意，这是“A and B”型并列句。空白处应填谓语动词的形式，动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。故填caught。 18.（2021浙江卷）After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and _________ (sell) most of their furniture. 18. sold 解析：考查动词。句意：1861年林肯当选美国总统后，他们租了房子，卖掉了大部分家具。分析句子成分可知，设空处和前面的动词rented一起做并列谓语；根据时间状语1861可知，此处用一般过去时态，提示词sell的过去式形式是sold。故填sold。 19.（2021全国甲卷）The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It _________ (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复). 19. was built 解析：句意：它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的，现在已经完全修复了。分析句子可知，空格处为谓语，动词build和主语之间是被动关系，应用被动语态（be done），根据句意和时间状语the Tang dynasty可知，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式，主语it为第三人称单数，主谓一致，故填was built。 20.（2021全国甲卷）We _________ (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky but did the job. 20. hired 解析：考查动词时态。句意：我们从南门的租赁处租了自行车。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词，根据上下文可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。故填hired。 21. （2020全国I卷）The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器) - the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess _________ (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. 21. touched 解析：考查动词时态及语态。句意：无人月球探测器嫦娥四号——名字的灵感来源于古代的中国月亮女神——上周在南极艾特肯盆地着陆。此处是句子的谓语，根据时间状语last week可知应使用一般过去时，故填touched。 名校模拟分类精炼（过去时态） 1．（广东东莞市2025-2026学年第二学期教学质量自查高二英语试卷）The precious oil painting by Monet from the 19th century _________ (restore) by a professional team last month. 1.was restored 【解析】句意：这幅莫奈创作于19世纪的珍贵油画上个月由专业团队修复完成。此处为谓语动词，主语The precious oil painting与restore之间是被动关系，时间状语last month为一般过去时标志，一般过去时被动语态结构为was/were + 过去分词；主语为单数，所以应填was restored。 2．（25-26高三·北京·三轮复习）When I left the U.S. for Beijing in late 2008, my wallet _________ (pack) with cash and credit cards. 2.was packed 【解析】句意：2008 年末我离开美国前往北京时，我的钱包里装满了现金和信用卡。空处为主句谓语动词，wallet和pack为被动关系，且句子陈述2008年的事情，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是第三人称单数，助动词用was。 3．（25-26高三·北京·三轮复习）I wasn’t a believer in this theory until 2013, when I _________ (fire) and had a tough job search. 3.was fired 【解析】句意：我原本并不相信这个理论，直到2013年我被解雇，求职之路变得异常艰难。空处为从句谓语动词，主语I和fire是被动关系，且句子陈述2013年发生的事情，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是I，助动词用was。 4．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）Soon after moving to Switzerland, I _________ (throw) a house-warming party and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up exactly on time. 4.threw 【解析】句意：搬到瑞士后不久，我举办了一个乔迁派对，当30位客人全都恰好准时出现时，我感到非常惊讶。根据后文and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up可知，句子陈述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。 5．（26-27高三·江苏·初升高衔接）For just a moment the fish turned a little on his side. Then he _________ (straighten) himself and began another circle. 5.straightened 【解析】句意：有那么一会儿，鱼的身子倾斜了一点儿。然后它竖直了身子，又兜起圈子来。设空处在句中作谓语，叙述过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，用动词的过去式straightened，与began并列。 6．（25-26高一下·全国·课后作业）She _________ (fold) the letter carefully, her hands shaking a little, wondering what news it would bring. 6.unfolded 【解析】句意：她小心翼翼地展开那封信，双手微微颤抖着，心里揣测着这封信会带来什么样的消息。表示“打开”用动词unfold，发生在过去用一般过去时。 7．（25-26高一上·河北石家庄·期中）He _________ (seek) to explain his idea clearly, but few people in the audience could really understand him. 7.sought 【解析】句意：他试图把自己的想法解释得清楚些，但台下听众中几乎没有人能真正理解他的意思。空格处是谓语动词，根据下文的could可知，此处描述过去发生的事，应该用一般过去时，seek的过去式是sought。 8．（25-26高三·北京·一轮复习）When VR first _________ (appear) in flight simulators in 1929, it was seen as a ground-breaking technology and was once expected to revolutionize education. 8.appeared 【解析】句意：1929年VR 首次出现在飞行模拟器中时，它被视为一项开创性技术，曾有望彻底变革教育。空处作谓语，根据时间状语in 1929 可知，使用一般过去时，appear的过去式是appeared。 9．（时态—考点专练（北京版））During the early hard years, he _________ (conduct) research on China’s nuclear submarine all year round. 9.was conducting/conducted 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：在最初的艰苦岁月里，他常年从事中国核潜艇的研究工作。空处作谓语，“During the early hard years”表明时态需用过去时，可用过去进行时描述在过去一段时间内持续的动作，表明研究工作是持续进行、未间断的状态，烘托出其艰辛，主语为he，助动词应用was，也可用一般过去时，描述在过去一时间段内发生并完成的动作。故填was conducting/conducted。 10．（25-26高三·全国·二轮复习）The project director, along with three key engineers, _________ (review) the final blueprints when the unexpected call came through. 10.was reviewing 【解析】考查主谓一致、时态。句意：项目主管和三名关键工程师正在审查最终图纸，这时意外的电话打了进来。review在句中作谓语动词，结合“when the unexpected call came through”可知，句子描述过去某一时刻（电话打来时）正在进行的动作，故使用过去进行时；along with连接名词/代词作主语时，谓语动词与前者保持一致， 本句谓语与The project director一致，为单数。故填was reviewing。 11．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）When I got home, Mum _________ (cook) lunch in the kitchen. 11.was cooking 【解析】考查过去进行时。句意：当我到家时，妈妈正在厨房做午饭。when引导时间状语从句，从句got home是一般过去时，强调过去某个时间点发生的动作。主句强调在“我到家”这个过去时间点，妈妈“做饭”的动作正在进行，所以要用过去进行时，结构为“was/were + 现在分词”，主语Mum是第三人称单数，所以用was cooking。故填was cooking。 12．（24-25高三·全国·一轮复习）He throws his arms and legs out as if he _________ (fly), his eyes wide with excitement. 12.were flying 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：他张开双臂和双腿，好像在飞翔，兴奋地睁大了眼睛。as if引导的方式状语从句表示与现在事实相反，应用虚拟语气，且表示“好像正在飞翔”，使用过去进行时，be动词使用were。故填were flying。 13．（24-25高二上·全国·课后作业）The two girls _________ (whisper) when the head teacher came in from the backdoor. 13.were whispering 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：当校长从后门进来时，两个女孩正在窃窃私语。根据句子中的 “when the head teacher came in from the backdoor”可知，这里描述的是过去某个时间点（班主任从后门进来时）正在发生的动作，为过去进行时，即两个女孩当时正在小声说话。主语“The two girls”是复数，所以be动词用were，whisper的现在分词是whispering。故填were whispering。 14．（2026高三上·河南鹤壁·专题练习）Henry tightened his grip on the rope, _________ (spare) no effort to drag it, and managed to pull Ronny out of water. 14.spared 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：Henry握紧绳子，不遗余力地拖拽，终于把Ronny从水里拉了出来。分析可知，所填动词“spare”与“tightened”，“managed”为句中“and”连接的三个并列谓语动词，时态要保持一致，因此动词用过去式。故填spared。 15．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）He said he _________ (return) to his hometown the next month. 15.would return 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：他说他下个月会回到家乡。根据句子结构可知，主句“He said”使用了一般过去时，表示他说这句话的时间是在过去。而“return to his hometown the next month”是他说这句话时提到的将来要发生的动作，即“他下个月会回到家乡”。在英语中，当主句使用一般过去时，而从句表示将来的动作时，从句的时态需要使用过去将来时，即“would+动词原形”。故填would return。 16．（25-26高三·全国·二轮复习）Named after a mythical dragon, Jiaolong is China’s first manned deep-sea research submersible. It was developed by Chinese designers starting from 2002 and _________ (enter) service in 2010, making China the fifth country in the world with deep-sea exploration technology. 16.entered 【解析】考查时态。句意：“蛟龙”号以神话中的龙命名，是中国首艘载人深海研究潜水器。它由中国的设计师从2002年开始研发，并于2010年投入使用，使中国成为世界上第五个拥有深海探测技术的国家。此处为句子谓语，根据时间状语in 2010可知，句子描述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填entered。 17．（25-26高一上·上海静安·阶段检测）It was the third time that he _________ (fail) the driving test, which made him very frustrated. 17.had failed 【解析】考查时态。句意：这是他第三次没有通过驾驶考试，这使他非常沮丧。空处作谓语，固定句型：It was the +序数词+ time that+主语+had done，表示“某人第几次做某事”，所以空处应用过去完成时态。故填had failed。 18．（25-26高三·浙江·学业考试复习）We _________ (intend) to take the morning train to the countryside, but heavy rain forced us to change our plan. 18.had intended 【解析】考查过去完成时。句意：我们原打算乘早班火车去乡下，但大雨迫使我们改变了计划。intend(打算)是谓语动词，根据句意可知，“打算乘早班火车去乡下”这个动作发生在“大雨迫使我们改变计划”之前，即“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时态had intended。故填had intended。 19．（25-26高三·广东·学业考试复习）Hardly _________ he arrived home when the phone rang. 19.had 【解析】考查倒装句式和时态。句意：他刚到家电话就响了。Hardly...when...“一……就”结构中，hardly位于句首时，主句应使用部分倒装，且主句动作发生在从句动作rang之前，用过去完成时，助动词had提到主语he之前，后接过去分词arrived。故填had。 20．（25-26高三·广东·学业考试复习）My uncle _________ (work) as an engineer in this company for 10 years before he _________ (move) to Beijing last year. 20. had worked, moved 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：我的叔叔在去年搬到北京之前，已经在这家公司担任工程师10年了。分析句子结构可知，“before he... last year” 是一个过去时间点。“工作10 年”这个动作发生在“搬到北京”这个过去的动作之前，即“过去的过去”，因此第一个空应用过去完成时“had done”，work的过去分词为worked，故第一空填had worked。而“搬到北京”发生在“last year(去年)”，是一个确定的过去时间，因此第二个空应用一般过去时“moved”。故填had worked；moved。 重点语法写作升格（过去时态） 1. (2026全国一卷)这对热心的夫妇立刻开车送她去当地车站，还帮她买好了车票。 ___________________________________________________________________________________ 2. (2026全国一卷)猛烈的暴风雨早已彻底停歇，街道上铺满了亮晶晶的白雪。 ___________________________________________________________________________________ 3. (2026全国一卷)埃米莉登上火车，终于如愿以偿和男友团聚。 ___________________________________________________________________________________ 4. (2026全国一卷)在当地警察与拖车司机的协助下，她的车成功从沟里拖了出来。 ___________________________________________________________________________________ 5. (2026全国一卷)抵达后，她松了一口气，车子早已安稳停放，积雪也清理干净了。 ___________________________________________________________________________________ 6. (2026全国一卷)他们友善地笑着，祝愿她一路平安到家。 ___________________________________________________________________________________ 7. (2026全国二卷)就在我的意志力快要崩溃时，医生严厉的话语在我脑海中回响。 ___________________________________________________________________________________ 8. (2026全国二卷)我一点点适应新作息的努力，终究有了回报。 ___________________________________________________________________________________ 9. (2026全国二卷)每当我想要放弃，诊所里那阵刺骨的寒意便再次席卷全身。 ___________________________________________________________________________________ 10. (2026浙江1月卷)我正要转身逃跑，两名警察赶到了现场。 ___________________________________________________________________________________ 【参考答案】 1. The kind couple immediately drove her to the local station and even helped her purchase a ticket. 2. The fierce storm had completely passed, leaving the streets blanketed in sparkling white snow. 3. Emily boarded a train and finally reunited with her boyfriend as she had wished. 4. With the help of local police and tow truck drivers, her vehicle was successfully pulled out of the ditch. 5. Upon arrival, she was relieved to find her vehicle already safely parked and completely cleared of snow. 6. They smiled warmly and wished her a safe trip home. 7. Just as my willpower was about to crumble, the doctor's stern voice echoed in my mind. 8. Slowly but surely, my efforts to adjust to the new routine paid off. 9. Every time I wanted to give up, the cold wave that had washed over me in the clinic flooded me again. 10. Just as I was about to turn and run, two police officers arrived on the scene. 13 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题07 动词时态语态2（过去时）（知识清单） 目录导航 01知识脑图·核心脉络搭建——梳理专题框架，搭建知识体系 02考点深研·知能分层突破——深挖高频考点，分层突破重难点 考点一 一般过去时 知识点1 一般过去时基本用法 知识点2 一般过去时拓展用法 考点二 过去进行时 知识点1 过去进行时基本用法 知识点2 过去进行时拓展用法 考点三 过去完成时 知识点1 过去完成时基本用法 知识点2 过去完成时拓展用法 考点四 过去将来时 知识点1 过去将来时基本用法 知识点2 过去将来时拓展用法 考点五 过去将来完成时 知识点1 过去将来完成时构成 知识点2 过去将来完成时用法 03优题精练·专题实战通关——精选优质试题，强化实战应用 高考真题（过去时） 名校模拟（过去时） 写作升格（过去时,26真题素材） 知识脑图·核心脉络搭建 考点深研·知能分层突破 考点一 一般过去时 知识点1 一般过去时基本用法 1. 一般过去时表示_______________________________，如yesterday, last week, in 2024。 In 2024, engineers built smart farms with automatic watering and temperature systems. 2024 年，工程师搭建配备自动灌溉温控系统的智慧农场。 Yesterday, the master taught us how to paint elegant Chinese ink landscape paintings. 昨天，老师傅教我们绘制雅致的中国水墨山水画。 2.一般过去时表示_______________________________，常与often等频度副词连用。 My grandma often made sweet rice cakes for us during every Lunar New Year in my childhood. 儿时每逢新年，奶奶总会给我们蒸香甜的年糕。 Scientists used to record all experiment data in paper notebooks before digital tools appeared. 数码工具普及前，科学家都用纸本记录全部实验数据。 3. 一般过去时用于并列句“_______________________________”句型。 Engineers adjusted machines and tested new energy parts to raise production efficiency last year. 去年工程师调试机器，测试新能源配件以提升生产效率。 We watched the rocket launch live and discussed space exploration knowledge together last summer. 去年夏天我们观看火箭发射直播，一同探讨太空探索知识。 知识点2 一般过去时拓展用法 1. I wish that…表示“我倒希望……”，从句_______________________________用一般过去时。 I wish that I owned an advanced intelligent environmental detector. 我倒希望我拥有一台先进的智能环境检测仪。 I wish that I studied space physics with professional aerospace experts. 我倒希望我和专业航天专家学习太空物理。 2. It is (high) time that…表示“早该……”，从句用_______________________________。 It is high time that we explored new ways of green energy development. 我们早该探索新能源发展的全新路径。 It is high time that we should pay attention to aerospace scientific research. 我们早该重视航天领域的科学研究。 3. I would rather that…表示“我倒宁愿……”，_______________________________均用一般过去时。 I would rather that I grasped advanced AI technology for cultural relic protection. 我倒宁愿掌握用于文物保护的先进人工智能技术。 I would rather that I visited ancient craft museums during the next trip. 我倒宁愿下次出行去参观传统手工艺博物馆。 4. If only…表示“要是……该多好！”，从句_______________________________用一般过去时。 If only I communicated face to face with professional space researchers. 要是我能和专业航天科研人员面对面交流该多好。 If only I mastered AI technology to repair damaged cultural relics. 要是我掌握人工智能修复破损文物的技术该多好。 5. If虚拟条件句与_______________________________，从句用一般过去时。 If he were here now, he could explain rocket basic theories clearly. 如果他此刻在场，就能清晰讲解火箭基础理论。 If we had green energy tech, we might cut industrial pollution greatly. 如果我们掌握清洁能源技术，或许能大幅减少工业污染。 【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1．（25-26高三下·江苏南京·期末）Last year the company (profit) significantly from the rising demand for electric vehicles. 2．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）We were first greeted with the barking by a pack of dogs, seven to be exact. They were well trained by their masters who had great experience with caring for these animals. Our hosts shared many of their experiences and (recommend) wonderful places to eat, shop, and visit. 3．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）Filled with curiosity, the artist packed his bags and left. When he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and (point) down the river. 4．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. 5．（25-26高三上·河南南阳·阶段检测）I should have finished my assignment on time, but I (be) busy with other things the other day. 6．（25-26高三·北京·一轮复习）One day when a group of bees (land) on a primary school, not surprisingly, there was panic among the teachers. 7．（25-26高二上·黑龙江双鸭山·开学考试）When the chemist opened the door, he (greet) by a scene of confusion. 8．（25-26高三下·江苏南京·期中）Originally, they (plan) to drive to the countryside for a holiday, but this was put off because of extreme weather. 9．（25-26高三·全国·寒假作业）Gatera has been concentrating on learning food crop planting techniques in China since he (come) to China for his master’s and doctoral studies in 2019. 10．（25-26高三·全国·二轮复习）It was developed by Chinese designers starting from 2002 and (enter) service in 2010, making China the fifth country in the world with deep-sea exploration technology. 考点二 过去进行时 知识点1 过去进行时基本用法 1.过去进行时表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，往往有明确时间状语at 7:00 last night。其基本形式为“_______________________________”。 At 7:00 last night, the scientist was doing medical experiments. 昨晚七点，这位科学家正在做医学实验。 I called her, but she was recording experimental data. 我给她打电话时，她正在记录实验数据。 2. 过去进行时可描述_______________________________，强调动作全程持续的状态，不强调动作是否完成。 We were sorting experimental data together the whole afternoon yesterday. 昨天整个下午我们都在一起整理实验数据。 The female scientist was collecting plant samples all day yesterday. 昨天一整天，这位女科学家都在采集植物样本。 知识点2 过去进行时拓展用法 1. go, come, leave等瞬间动词用于_______________________________。 Tu Youyou was leaving the lab when I met her yesterday. 昨天我遇见屠呦呦时，她正要离开实验室。 The expert was coming to share space research at that time. 那时这位专家马上要来分享航天研究成果。 2．过去进行时与as, when, while等状语从句呼应，表示_______________________________。 As they were discussing plans, a researcher rushed into the lab. 他们正在讨论方案，一名研究员冲进了实验室。 She was reading papers when her partner brought new samples. 她正在研读文献，搭档送来了新样本。 3. 频度副词如 always, forever, continually, constantly 与过去进行时连用时，通过重复的动作传递_______________________________，如赞扬、喜爱、抱怨、不满、不耐烦等。 She was constantly staying up late to finish medical experiments. 她那时候总熬夜完成医学实验。（敬佩） The old machine was continually breaking down during our research. 那台旧仪器做研究时总出故障。（烦躁） 【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1．（26-27高二·全国·暑假作业）At this time last week, we (lie) on the beach enjoying the sunshine. 2．（2026高二下·福建泉州·专题练习）We (shelter) from the rain at the entrance of a shop when someone handed us an umbrella. 3．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）At two o’clock yesterday afternoon, my father (work) in the vegetable garden. 4．（26-27高三·上海·初升高衔接）Bill had just finished my work and (start) to have a rest. 5．（25-26高三·广东·学业考试复习）While I (prepare) dinner last night, my brother (call) to tell me about his new job. 考点三 过去完成时 知识点1 过去完成时基本用法 1.表示_______________________________，核心是“_______________________________”。常与by 2023, bt the end of last month, by the time...等连用。 By the end of last month, farmers had planted thousands of improved rice seedlings. 到上月末，农户们已经栽种了数千株改良水稻秧苗。 By the time the spaceship took off, researchers had completed all technical checks. 飞船升空时，科研人员早已完成全部技术检测。 2.与before, until, when连用，表示_______________________________。 I had finished all homework before my mother came back. 妈妈回来前，我就写完了所有作业。 The film had already started when we got to the cinema. 我们到电影院时，电影已经开场了。 知识点2 过去完成时拓展用法 1. intend, mean, plan等动词过去完成时可以用来表示_______________________________，意为“_______________________________”。 We had planned to go hiking, but it rained all day. 我们原本计划去徒步，结果下了一整天雨。 I had intended to visit you, but I fell ill suddenly. 我本来打算去看你，可我突然生病了。 2. It was the first time that…句型that从句用_______________________________。 It was the second time that he had failed the driving test. 那是他第二次驾照考试失利。 It was the first time that I had seen such a wonderful movie. 当时那是我第一次看这么精彩的电影。 It is the first time that....句型表示“第一次……”，从句用_______________________________。 It is the first time that this robot has finished independent space testing. 这是该机器人首次完成独立太空测试。 It was the last time that we had toured the aerospace exhibition. 那是我们最后一次参观这场航天展。 3. hardly…when…和no sooner… than…句型_______________________________，表示“刚一……就”。 No sooner had we set off than a strong wind came. 我们刚出发就刮起大风。 She had hardly finished the work when the bell rang. 她刚做完工作，铃声就响了。 1.该句型when或than前是主句，用_____________； 2.No sooner或者Hardly位于句首，主句用_________________。 The opera performance had no sooner ended than warm applause burst out. =No sooner had the opera performance ended than warm applause burst out. 戏曲表演刚结束热烈的掌声就响了起来。 4. If虚拟条件句表示与_______________________________时，常用过去完成时。 If she had caught the train, she wouldn’t have missed the meeting. 她要是赶上那趟火车，就不会错过会议了。 Had we set out earlier, we wouldn’t have been late. 我们要是早点出发，就不会迟到了。 5. I wish that…, If only…, I’d rather that…等从句表示与_______________________________，常用用过去完成时。 I wish that we had launched that new space telescope years ago. 我真希望我们多年前就发射那台新型太空望远镜。 If only we had recorded all traditional crafts with high-definition video back then. 要是我们当年用高清影像记录下全部传统手工艺就好了。 I’d rather that they had fixed the satellite before its launch. 我真希望他们在发射前修好这颗卫星。 I’d rather that....从句表示与现在或将来事实相反，都用_______________。 I’d rather that more young people loved traditional Chinese paintings. （与现在事实相反） 我希望现在更多年轻人喜爱中国传统国画。 I’d rather that new aircraft carried more cultural exhibits abroad. （与将来事实相反） 我希望新型客机将来运送更多文物出国展出。 【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1．（26-27高二·全国·暑假作业）She said that she (finish) her homework before nine o’clock the night before. 2．（26-27高二·全国·暑假作业）It was the first time that I (eat) such delicious Chinese food. 3．（26-27高二·全国·暑假作业）By the time I walked into the bookstore, my friend (buy) the last copy of that novel. 4．（26-27高二·全国·暑假作业）He (serve) in the army for ten years before he worked in the company. 5．（25-26高二下·全国·课后作业）He (plan) to attend the youth forum, but he missed the train. 6．（25-26高二下·全国·课后作业）She smiled as if nothing (happen), though she was very sad inside. 7．（24-25高三·全国·一轮复习）I (intend) to go outing yesterday, but I had an unexpected visitor. 8．（26-27高二上·全国·课后作业）When Mr. and Mrs. Green got home, Kevin went to talk to them. He explained how he (witness) the strange man entering their house and how he was arrested. 9．（25-26高二下·全国·课后作业）This is the first time that he (take) part in an international youth writing competition. 10．（26-27高二·全国·暑假作业）The young man (panic) when he saw the drowning child in the river. 考点四 过去将来时 知识点1 过去将来时基本用法 “should/would +动词原形”表示从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作，多用于主从复合句中。其基本形式为“_______________________________”。 He told us the AI machine would repair damaged digital cultural files. 他告诉我们这台人工智能设备会修复受损数字文化档案。 The guide promised he would show us ancient embroidery works next morning. 导游承诺次日早上会带我们观赏古代刺绣作品。 知识点2 过去将来时基本用法 1. was/were about to do…when…表示“_______________________________”。 He was about to save the data when the computer shut down. 他正要保存数据，电脑突然关机了。 They were about to put on the shadow play when heavy rain poured down. 他们正要上演皮影戏，这时大雨倾盆而下。 2. go, come leave等动词的_______________________________。 The artists were leaving for the ancient town to collect folk art materials. 艺术家们正要动身前往古镇搜集民间艺术素材。 The astronaut told us he was flying to the space station the next day. 宇航员告诉我们他次日就要飞往空间站。 3. was/were to do强调_______________________________，意为“将要做某事”。 The team was to send a new satellite into space the next month. 团队原定次月发射一颗新型卫星。 They were to hold a national ancient craft exhibition in the city hall. 他们原定在市政厅举办全国传统手工艺展。 【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1．（25-26高三下·北京西城·阶段检测）The local government announced that they (build) a new nature reserve in the mountain area the next year. 2．（25-26高一上·江苏无锡·期末）Mike was aware of his mistake and promised that he (devote) to his duty. 3．（25-26高三上·山西太原·期末）Linda was about (start) telling her story when the phone rang. 4．（25-26高三上·山东济南·期末）I heard the trip (be) to visit our sister school in Boston. That excited me. 5．（23-24高一上·上海·阶段检测）I didn’t know when she (come), but when she (come), I would let you know. 考点五 过去将来完成时 知识点1 过去将来完成时的构成 过去将来完成时的基本形式为“_______________________________”。 If she had saved the AI files, she would not have lost all research data. 倘若她当时保存人工智能文件，就不会丢失全部研究资料。 知识点2 过去将来完成时的用法 过去将来完成时(_______________________________)表示立足于过去某一时间，描述到那个时间点之后的某个将来时刻，动作早已完成，多用于虚拟语气。 If we had backed up the data, we would have saved those ancient cultural records. 要是我们当初备份数据，本就能保住那些古籍资料。 Had they tested the rocket fully, they would have avoided the launch failure. 倘若他们完整检测火箭，本可以避免发射失败。 【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway (not write) his famous novel A Farewell to Arms. 2．（25-26高三·全国·二轮复习）Without your help, we (fail) the exam last week. 3．（25-26高三下·全国·课后作业）If they had driven more kilometers, they (find) a better hotel. 4．（25-26高三·全国·一轮复习）The workers were not better organized, otherwise they (accomplish) the task in half the time. 5．（25-26高二下·江苏南京·阶段检测）I (realize) the experience that I was heading for was anything but boring, had I read the brochure carefully. 优题精练·专题实战通关 高考真题分类精炼（过去时态） 1.（2026全国一卷）As transportation and communication ___________ (be) underdeveloped at that time, it was very difficult for households to obtain daily necessities. 2.（2025北京卷）Making choices is part of life. By the time you brushed your teeth, you ___________ (make) several decisions even without noticing. 3.（2025北京卷）However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists 18 (leave) over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year, which accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024. 4. (2025天津3月卷）The reading materials________ before the training began, so that everyone had a copy. A. have printed B. had printed C. have been printed D. had been printed 5. (2025天津6月卷）Deng Jiaxian was one of the 23 scientists who awarded for their extraordinary contributions to China’s “two bombs, one satellite” project. A. was B. were C. has D. have 6. (2025天津6月卷）The Song Dynasty the introduction of jiaozi, which is supposedly the world’s first paper money. A. has seen B. had seen C. sees D. saw 7. (2024九省联考卷）Fountain pens __________ (use) in schools long ago and have been regaining popularity lately because they are refillable. 8.（2024浙江1月卷）However, though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes __________ (offer) in smaller packs. 9.（2024新课标II卷）“Some of the things that Tang was writing about ____________ (be) also Shakespeare’s concerns. I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways to Romeo and Juliet.” 10.（2024新课标II卷）Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, inspired by The Peony Pavilion, ____________ (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. 11.（2023新课标II卷）As a little girl, I _________ (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. 12.（2023全国乙卷）Having visited several times over the last 10 years, I _________ (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. 13.（2023北京卷）Soon after moving to Switzerland, I _________ (throw) a house-warming party and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up exactly on time. 14.（2023北京卷）Years later, having moved to France. I turned up at the appointed hour for a dinner, only to find that no other guest _________ (arrive) and my hostess was still in her sleeping suit. 15.（2022新课标I卷）The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that __________ (be) previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority to increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management. 16.（2022新课标II卷）Henry _________ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. 17.（2022北京卷）Eventually, the man _________ (catch) up with her, and he was only trying to return her wallet! 18.（2021浙江卷）After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and _________ (sell) most of their furniture. 19.（2021全国甲卷）The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It _________ (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复). 20.（2021全国甲卷）We _________ (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky but did the job. 21. （2020全国I卷）The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器) - the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess _________ (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. 名校模拟分类精炼（过去时态） 1．（广东东莞市2025-2026学年第二学期教学质量自查高二英语试卷）The precious oil painting by Monet from the 19th century _________ (restore) by a professional team last month. 2．（25-26高三·北京·三轮复习）When I left the U.S. for Beijing in late 2008, my wallet _________ (pack) with cash and credit cards. 3．（25-26高三·北京·三轮复习）I wasn’t a believer in this theory until 2013, when I _________ (fire) and had a tough job search. 4．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）Soon after moving to Switzerland, I _________ (throw) a house-warming party and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up exactly on time. 5．（26-27高三·江苏·初升高衔接）For just a moment the fish turned a little on his side. Then he _________ (straighten) himself and began another circle. 6．（25-26高一下·全国·课后作业）She _________ (fold) the letter carefully, her hands shaking a little, wondering what news it would bring. 7．（25-26高一上·河北石家庄·期中）He _________ (seek) to explain his idea clearly, but few people in the audience could really understand him. 8．（25-26高三·北京·一轮复习）When VR first _________ (appear) in flight simulators in 1929, it was seen as a ground-breaking technology and was once expected to revolutionize education. 9．（时态—考点专练（北京版））During the early hard years, he _________ (conduct) research on China’s nuclear submarine all year round. 10．（25-26高三·全国·二轮复习）The project director, along with three key engineers, _________ (review) the final blueprints when the unexpected call came through. 11．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）When I got home, Mum _________ (cook) lunch in the kitchen. 12．（24-25高三·全国·一轮复习）He throws his arms and legs out as if he _________ (fly), his eyes wide with excitement. 13．（24-25高二上·全国·课后作业）The two girls _________ (whisper) when the head teacher came in from the backdoor. 14．（2026高三上·河南鹤壁·专题练习）Henry tightened his grip on the rope, _________ (spare) no effort to drag it, and managed to pull Ronny out of water. 15．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）He said he _________ (return) to his hometown the next month. 15.would return 16．（25-26高三·全国·二轮复习）Named after a mythical dragon, Jiaolong is China’s first manned deep-sea research submersible. It was developed by Chinese designers starting from 2002 and _________ (enter) service in 2010, making China the fifth country in the world with deep-sea exploration technology. 17．（25-26高一上·上海静安·阶段检测）It was the third time that he _________ (fail) the driving test, which made him very frustrated. 18．（25-26高三·浙江·学业考试复习）We _________ (intend) to take the morning train to the countryside, but heavy rain forced us to change our plan. 19．（25-26高三·广东·学业考试复习）Hardly _________ he arrived home when the phone rang. 20．（25-26高三·广东·学业考试复习）My uncle _________ (work) as an engineer in this company for 10 years before he _________ (move) to Beijing last year. 重点语法写作升格（过去时态） 1. (2026全国一卷)这对热心的夫妇立刻开车送她去当地车站，还帮她买好了车票。 ___________________________________________________________________________________ 2. (2026全国一卷)猛烈的暴风雨早已彻底停歇，街道上铺满了亮晶晶的白雪。 ___________________________________________________________________________________ 3. (2026全国一卷)埃米莉登上火车，终于如愿以偿和男友团聚。 ___________________________________________________________________________________ 4. (2026全国一卷)在当地警察与拖车司机的协助下，她的车成功从沟里拖了出来。 ___________________________________________________________________________________ 5. (2026全国一卷)抵达后，她松了一口气，车子早已安稳停放，积雪也清理干净了。 ___________________________________________________________________________________ 6. (2026全国一卷)他们友善地笑着，祝愿她一路平安到家。 ___________________________________________________________________________________ 7. (2026全国二卷)就在我的意志力快要崩溃时，医生严厉的话语在我脑海中回响。 ___________________________________________________________________________________ 8. (2026全国二卷)我一点点适应新作息的努力，终究有了回报。 ___________________________________________________________________________________ 9. (2026全国二卷)每当我想要放弃，诊所里那阵刺骨的寒意便再次席卷全身。 ___________________________________________________________________________________ 10. (2026浙江1月卷)我正要转身逃跑，两名警察赶到了现场。 ___________________________________________________________________________________ 9 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $