内容正文:
Unit1 Let's Be Friends!语法讲解与练习
人称主格,一般现在时be动词讲解
一、人称代词主格
人称代词主格是用来作句子主语的代词,放在句子开头,表示“谁”,是本单元自我介绍、交友对话的核心词汇。
1. 人称主格完整表格(单数+复数)
人称
中文
主格单词
适用场景
第一人称(单数)
我
I
自我介绍专用
第二人称(单数)
你
you
问候、对话对方
第三人称(单数)
他
he
指代男生
第三人称(单数)
她
she
指代女生
第三人称(单数)
它
it
指代动物、物品
第一人称(复数)
我们
we
指代自己和同伴
第二人称(复数)
你们
you
问候多位对方
第三人称(复数)
他们/她们/它们
they
指代多人、多物
2. 基础用法
主语=动作的发出者,通常放在谓语动词前面
结构:主格+动词(be动词/实义动词)……
I like English. 我喜欢英语。(I 发出 like 这个动作)
They play basketball. 他们打篮球。
I can jump very high. 我能跳很高。 You are my friend. 你是我的朋友。
He is Tom. 他是汤姆。 She is Lucy. 她是露西。
We are good friends. 我们是好朋友。
3. 重点易错点
I 永远大写:无论在句子开头还是中间,I(我)必须大写,没有小写i的用法。
you 单复数同形:you既可以指“你”,也可以指“你们”,根据语境判断。
主格只能做主语,放在句首,不能用于句子末尾。
二、一般现在时be动词用法(am/is/are)
be动词是英语中最基础的系动词,翻译为“是、在”。一般现在时表示当前的状态、身份、特征,本单元主要用于介绍自己、介绍朋友。
1. be动词三兄弟配对口诀
I 用 am,you 用 are,he/she/it 用 is,复数全部都用 are
2. 人称与be动词对应规则
I → am
You / We / They → are
He / She / It / 单人/单物 → is
3. 三种句式精讲(肯定句+否定句+一般疑问句)
(1)肯定句:主语+ be动词+其他
用法:陈述身份、状态,日常自我介绍、认朋友专用
I am a student. 我是一名学生。
You are my new friend. 你是我的新朋友。
He is a boy. 他是一个男孩。
She is a girl. 她是一个女孩。
We are classmates. 我们是同学。
(2)否定句:主语+ be动词 + not +其他
用法:否定身份、状态,be动词后直接加not
缩写形式(常用):am not(无缩写)、is not=isn't、are not=aren't
I am not a teacher. 我不是老师。
He isn't my brother. 他不是我的弟弟。
She isn't new here. 她不是新来的。
They aren't friends. 他们不是朋友。
(3)一般疑问句:Be动词+主语+其他?
用法:提问身份、状态,用于交友对话提问,回答用Yes/No
—Are you Mike? 你是迈克吗? —Yes, I am. / No, I'm not.
—Is she your friend? 她是你的朋友吗? —Yes, she is. / No, she isn't.
—Is he from China? 他来自中国吗? —Yes, he is. / No, he isn't.
三、单元核心总结(必背)
1. 自我介绍万能句:I am + 名字. 我是……
2. 介绍他人万能句:He/She is + 名字. 他/她是……
3. 询问对方身份:Are you + 名字?你是……吗?
4. be动词核心口诀:我(I)用am,你(you)用are,is连着他(he)她(she)它(it),复数人称全用are。
【配套练习】
一、用所给单词的正确形式填空
1. I ______ a new student. (be)
2. You ______ my good friend. (be)
3. He ______ from England. (be)
4. She ______ a kind girl. (be)
5. It ______ a cute dog. (be)
6. We ______ in Class One. (be)
7. They ______ my classmates. (be)
8. Mike ______ a tall boy. (be)
9. Lucy and Lily ______ sisters. (be)
10. This ______ my new book. (be)
11. I ______ not a teacher. (be)
12. You ______ not late for school. (be)
13. The cat ______ black and white. (be)
14. My parents ______ at home now. (be)
15. He ______ not my deskmate. (be)
16. We ______ happy to be friends. (be)
17. She ______ good at English. (be)
18. They ______ not from Japan. (be)
19. Tom ______ eleven years old. (be)
20. I ______ very glad to meet you. (be)
二、单项选择
1. —______ you new here? —Yes, I am.
A. Is B. Are C. Am D. Do
2. My brother ______ a student.
A. am B. are C. is D. be
3. ______ they your good friends?
A. Is B. Are C. Am D. Does
4. I ______ not Liu Tao. My name ______ Li Ming.
A. am; is B. is; am C. are; is D. am; are
5. This is Amy. ______ is a nice girl.
A. He B. She C. It D. You
6. —Is this your pen? —No, it ______.
A. is B. isn’t C. aren’t D. am not
7. We ______ in Grade Seven.
A. am B. is C. are D. be
8. ______ is my new friend, Jack.
A. She B. He C. It D. We
9. —Are they from Beijing? —______.
A. Yes, they are B. Yes, they’re C. No, they are D. No, they isn’t
10. You ______ right. It’s a good idea.
A. am B. is C. are D. be
11. My dog ______ very lovely.
A. Am B. is C. are D. were
12. Lily and I ______ good friends.
A. am B. is C. are D. be
13. —______ he your uncle? —Yes, he is.
A. Am B. Is C. Are D. Does
14. I ______ happy to help you.
A. am B. is C. are D. aren’t
15. These books ______ mine.
A. is B. are C. am D. isn’t
三、句型转换
1. I am a new student.(改为否定句)
______________________________________________
2. She is my good friend.(改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答)
______________________________________________
3. They are in the classroom.(改为一般疑问句并作否定回答)
______________________________________________
4. He is from China.(改为否定句)
______________________________________________
5. We are good classmates.(改为否定句)
______________________________________________
6. You are very nice.(改为一般疑问句)
______________________________________________
7. It is a red apple.(改为否定句)
______________________________________________
8. Tom is eleven years old.(改为一般疑问句并肯定回答)
______________________________________________
9. Lucy and Lily are sisters.(改为否定句)
______________________________________________
10. I am happy today.(改为一般疑问句并否定回答)
______________________________________________
四、汉译英翻译
1. 我很高兴能成为你的新朋友。
______________________________________________
2. 她不是来自英国,她来自中国。
______________________________________________
3. 他们是我的同班同学,也是我的好朋友。
______________________________________________
4. 你是新来的学生吗?
______________________________________________
5. 他十岁了,他很友善。
______________________________________________
6. 我们在同一个班级,我们是好朋友。
______________________________________________
7. 这只小猫很可爱,它是我的宠物。
______________________________________________
8. 我的爸爸妈妈都在家。
______________________________________________
9. 你和我都是好学生。
______________________________________________
10. 她不是我的姐姐,她是我的同桌。
______________________________________________
Keys
一、用所给单词的正确形式填空
1. am;2. are;3. is;4. is;5. is 6. are;7. are;8. is;9. are;10. is
11. am;12. are;13. is;14. are;15. is 16. are;17. is;18. are;19. is;20. am
二、单项选择题
1.B 2.C 3.B 4.A 5.B 6.B 7.C 8.B 9.A 10.C 11.B 12.C 13.B 14.A 15.B
三、句型转换
1. I am not a new student. 2. —Is she your good friend? —Yes, she is.
3. —Are they in the classroom? —No, they aren’t. 4. He isn’t from China.
5. We aren’t good classmates. 6. Are you very nice? 7. It isn’t a red apple.
8. —Is Tom eleven years old? —Yes, he is. 9. Lucy and Lily aren’t sisters.
10. —Are you happy today? —No, I’m not.
四、汉译英翻译
1. I am very happy to be your new friend. 2. She isn’t from England. She is from China.
3. They are my classmates and my good friends. 4. Are you a new student?
5. He is ten years old and he is very kind.
6. We are in the same class and we are good friends.
7. This little cat is very cute and it is my pet.
8. My father and my mother are both at home. 9. You and I are both good students.
10. She isn’t my sister. She is my deskmate.
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