精品解析：辽宁辽阳市2025—2026学年度下学期期末质量监测 八年级英语

2025-2026学年度下学期期末质量监测 八年级英语 (本试卷共45道题 满分90分 考试时间90分钟) 考生注意: 所有试题必须在答题卡指定区域内作答, 在本试卷上作答无效 第一部分选择题 (共50分) 一、阅读理解 (共20小题, 每小题2分; 满分40分) 第一节阅读下面语言材料, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项 A Introduction: In this book, you can teach your child how to: listen to others, share feelings with others, discuss problems with others. This book is a useful guide for all young parents. Reviews (评论) : Miss Cheng “Very helpful. I especially like the-part about sharing feelings!” Mr Lee “A must-read for every parent! This book gives practical advice.” Ms. Chan “Clear, kind, and full of useful tips. I’ve already seen changes in my son.” 1. The writer of Making Friends at School is_________. A. Mr. Lee B. Ms. Chan C. Miss Cheng D. Dr Joseph Wong 2. How much does the book cost during April? A. $20. B. $50. C. $80. D. $120. 3. What do the reviews have in common? A. The book is very useful. B. All teachers should read it. C. Kids’ changes can be seen. D. Sharing feelings is the best. 4. In which section of the bookstore can we find this book? A. Art. B. Travel. C. Fiction D. Childcare. B Wan Haibo, a 43-year-old deliveryman (快递员), was honored as a national model worker on April 28, 2025 in Beijing. He received this honor for his excellent delivery work and active volunteer work. Wan said, “I feel very excited and proud.” Born in the countryside in Handan, Wan became a deliveryman in Tianjin in 2018. “It’s necessary to send every parcel (包裹) right to the customer in time,” he told the reporter from Beijing Daily. “The job is laborious, experiencing sunburn and wind. I thought about stopping, but finally got through the difficulties.” Wan usually delivers 500 parcels per day (700 or even 1000 parcels daily during some online shopping holidays or sales seasons). In the past seven years, he has delivered over 720, 000 parcels without any mistakes. He usually starts work around 6 a. m. and finishes around 8 p. m. Sometimes he has to work until midnight. When facing terrible weather and possible delivery delays (延迟), he will call the customer to explain the reasons. Wan is a warm-hearted person who often pays much attention to the old and the disabled. He usually gets medicine for them and takes away their rubbish when delivering parcels. Wan has also been a volunteer in his community since April 2022. As a volunteer, he helps to check the area’s sanitation conditions (卫生状况) and safety risks for the community. Wan said, “I’m very pleased that we deliverymen have got more respect in recent years. I think I will continue to serve the delivery industry in the future and encourage more people around me to take part in volunteer work.” 5. What honor did Wan Haibo get? A. The best deliveryman. B. A moving deliveryman. C. The most beautiful worker. D. A national model worker. 6. What does the underlined word “laborious” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Creative. B. Hard. C. Relaxing. D. Surprising. 7. What is Wan Haibo like according to the text? A. Curious and clever. B. Hard-working and kind. C. Honest and patient. D. Outgoing and humorous. 8. What can we learn from the text? A. Wan Haibo sends 1,700 parcels per day. B. Wan Haibo usually helps the old clean their rooms. C. Wan Haibo often calls the customers for more advice. D. Wan Haibo does well in his delivery work and volunteer work. C Mindfulness (正念减压疗法) is all about being in the moment. It is not so much about clearing the mind but focusing on what’s happening right now. The following is a simple mindfulness activity. This 5-minute body scan exercise can be repeated whenever you feel the need to focus the mind and relax more deeply. Begin by choosing a quiet space where you will not be influenced. In this way, you can fully focus on yourself. At the same time, make sure the room is at a comfortable temperature. Sit on a straight-backed chair. Notice what your legs are doing—are they crossed or are both feet resting flat on the floor? Let them fully relax. Now move your attention to your upper body. Feel the weight of your body in the chair. Adjust (调整) your body for most comfort. Notice the position of your arms. Adjust your hands by resting them comfortably on your legs. Soften your shoulders. Notice your neck and throat. Let them relax. Soften your face. Relax your eyes and let your eyes gently close. Focus your attention on your breath. Notice the gentle rise and fall of your stomach as you breathe in and out the air. Focus on your breath and if your mind wanders (走神), do not worry. Take notice of any thought or feeling, and then gently return your attention to your breathing. When you are ready, slowly open your eyes. Take in the things around you and notice the sounds in the room. Think about how your body and mind feel right now. Try this exercise when studying for exams stresses you out. You’ll probably feel better. 9. What should you do first when starting this 5-minute mindfulness exercise? A. Close your eyes. B. Choose a quiet place. C. Sit on a soft sofa. D. Think about your problems. 10. Why do people do this exercise when they feel stressed? A. It makes people fall asleep easily. B. It helps people get better grades directly. C. It teaches people to calm down peacefully. D. It helps people forget all their problems quickly. 11. Who might be interested in the exercise? A. Parents who are making travel plans. B. Patients who are having a serious illness. C. Students who are worried about their studies. D. Teachers who are looking for new teaching methods. 12. What is the best title for the text? A. Ways to Keep Healthy B. A Mindfulness Exercise C. Advice on Exam Stress D. Ways to Clear Your Mind D Do you not see the Yellow River come from the sky, rushing into the sea and never returning? This poem describes a very beautiful scene of the Yellow River. The Yellow River is the cradle of China’s civilization (中华文明的摇篮). It’s in northern China. It runs through nine provinces from west to east. It looks like the Chinese character “几”. It is the second longest river in China, and the fifth longest in the world. The Yellow River is also called the “mother river of China”. So flood control and prevention have always been the key to the happy lives of people. Now, scientists can better solve these problems by giving the river a digital twin (数字副本). The Yellow River’s digital twin uses new technologies such as big data, AI and Internet of Things to collect and send the information to the control center. According to the information, a 3D model of the river is shown on the computer screen, and it reflects (反映) the real conditions of the Yellow River. It’s like the Yellow River has a twin. One big success in the Yellow River’s protection is “smart stones”. They are put in important places along the river to record the movement of the river. As soon as smart stones feel the unusual movement of the river, they’ll-send an alarm to the control center at once. In this way, the government can take action to protect the Yellow River in time. And in the sky, drones (无人机) are flying to survey the flood prevention projects. Thanks to the drones, scientists can get the information about the Yellow River in time. Under the water and up in the sky, intelligent devices (设备) are helping to protect the Yellow River. In the future, we’ll try our best to create better ways for the mother river’s protection. 13. According to the map, the “sea” in Paragraph 1 refers to___________. A. the Yellow Sea B. the Bohai Sea C. the South China Sea D. the East China Sea 14. How does the writer introduce the Yellow River in Paragraph 2? A. By giving facts. B. By telling a story. C. By comparing opinions. D. By asking questions. 15. What do people use the “smart stones” to do? A. To build new roads along the river. B. To attract more visitors to the river. C. To clean the water of the Yellow River. D. To record the river movement and send alarms. 16. What is the writer’s purpose in writing the text? A. To ask people to stop polluting the Yellow River. B. To introduce the long history of the Yellow River. C. To show new technologies protecting the Yellow River. D. To compare the Yellow River with other rivers in the world. 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Microplastics in Water—a Wake-up Call for All of Us Today researchers announced that they have found tiny pieces of plastic—microplastics (微塑料) in water from around the world. These pieces are so small that they are unseen to the naked eye (裸眼) and are very difficult to clean from the water. ____17____ Even worse, the plastic has also been found in drinking water across the world, which makes people worried. ____18____ Scientists do not know what level of harm this will do to us in the future. ____19____ For example, they’re from washing and drying clothing and from cleaning products, such as toothpaste and face washes. Microplastics are even found in the air outside and at our homes. Almost every country across the world agrees that we cannot continue using so much plastic in our lives. ____20____ We also need to introduce new duties and other means to encourage companies to choose environment-friendly things and recyclable packaging (包装) for their products. We need to take personal responsibility, too. We all may have the freedom to choose how we spend our money and what kinds of business and products we support. Let’s work together to protect our environment, both now and for the future. ____21____ A. Remember: Reduce—Reuse—Recycle. B. This means that we are drinking plastic every day. C. Microplastics come in a number of different ways. D. When in the water, they are eaten by fish and other animals. E. We need to find a solution to cleaning microplastics from our oceans. 二、完形填空 (共10小题, 每小题1分; 满分10分) 阅读短文, 理解其大意, 从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Alfred saw a flower by the river. He ran to get it for his sister Mary. Mary asked him to ____22____, afraid he would fall into the river. But Alfred didn’t ____23____. As he got closer to the flower, he lost his balance. He nearly fell into the ____24____, but luckily he caught hold of some nettles (荨麻) nearby. The sting (刺) of the nettles made him quickly run back, completely forgetting the ____25____. Alfred said angrily, “A stinging nettle is useless except for causing pain. Grandpa must be wrong to say everything is useful”. Just then, their grandfather appeared and joined them. “No use? Why, did it not ____26____ you from falling into the river?” Grandfather continued, “Alfred, you enjoyed the nettle soup and praised its taste not long ago. I’m sure you still remember it.” Alfred did remember the fresh taste of the soup. It was ____27____. Grandpa then showed them a ladybird hiding under a nettle leaf. “The ladybird finds shelter (遮蔽) here,” he said, “and a spider has built its web on the nettle. So both the ladybird and the spider are against you.” Alfred and Mary were surprised. Grandpa went on, “Nettles also ____28____ us a lesson. Look at Alfred’s fingers: they are not stung where he held the nettle firmly (强有力地), but only in the parts that touched it lightly. Life’s problems are like this: if you face them ____29____, they don’t hurt as much. Now let’s think: If nettles provide food, shelter and lessons, can we still say they are useless?” “Of course not,” Mary replied. “They are useful!” Alfred’s eyes ____30____. “I understand,” he said. “Everything has its ____31____.” “Exactly,” Grandpa smiled. From that day on, Alfred learned to look at things differently. 22. A. help B. stop C. answer D. attend 23. A. explain B. arrive C. listen D. continue 24. A. snow B. hole C. lake D. water 25. A. leaf B. tree C. bird D. flower 26. A. hide B. separate C. save D. borrow 27. A. terrible B. delicious C. common D. awful 28. A. lend B. write C. teach D. accept 29. A. secretly B. peacefully C. positively D. clearly 30. A. lighted up B. turned down C. moved away D. gave in 31. A. time B. rule C. purpose D. direction 第二部分 非选择题 (共40分) 三、语篇填空 (共10小题, 每小题1分; 满分10分) 阅读短文, 在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空, 使短文通顺、连贯。 Have you ever taken a self-driving taxi on the road? Have you ever used your fingerprint to open a door? Technologies have brought great changes ____32____ us. Actually, changes can also be found in your school. “Now, we don’t have to rush to the canteen (食堂) as soon as the bell ____33____ (ring),” says Hu Liang, a student from Jiangxi. His school introduced ____34____ smart canteen system this year. It makes school life much ____35____ (easy) for students than before. They choose ____36____ (meal) online first. When it’s time for ____37____ (they) orders, they choose what to eat by using facial recognition (人脸识别) technology. It offers students wonderful experiences. At the same time it helps the school plan meals and reduce kitchen waste. Now besides offering delicious food, efforts are made to help students ____38____ (develop) good living habits.” Up to now, a middle school in Chongqing ____39____ (use) four cameras on the playground to follow students and record how fast they run. They can ____40____ (clear) see the top ten students on the screen. That adds fun to running ____41____ makes students compete in an interesting way. What other exciting technologies could be part of our life in the future? Let’s look forward to even more changes! 四、阅读与表达 (共4小题, 41-43小题, 每小题2分, 44小题4分; 满分10分) 阅读短文，然后根据内容回答问题。 Have you heard of the saying “Tidy space, tidy mind”? The summer vacation is coming. It’s time to clear out all the things you don’t need anymore. As well as freeing up space, it clears your mind. Maybe you’ve been given new clothes, toys or books for some special reason and haven’t yet found a place to store them. When you spend time indoors taking things out to use or play with, your bedroom gets messy. “Clearing out the things you don’t want or use anymore makes you feel good. A messy environment can take your attention away from things you need to focus on,” said Dr. Roberts, a psychologist (心理学家). When your room is clean and tidy, you don’t need to spend ages searching for missing socks or schoolbooks. This frees time and space for the things you enjoy. Tidying up takes more time, energy and effort, but the results make you happy, relaxed and can help you sleep better. “Having a clean and tidy room makes me feel calmer,” says The Week Junior reader Harry, aged 13. “I like tidying up. At the same time, it can help me to keep my books and games in order and know where they are.” When you start tidying up, set easy tasks, such as cleaning one surface or drawer at a time. If time is allowed, put all the things on the floor or bed and sort (分类) them into four kinds: Store: useful things you have good memories of. Donate: things you don’t want but can give away, like books, toys or clothes. Sell: have a tabletop sale or ask an adult to help you use an online marketplace. Throw away or recycle: if it’s broken or worn out, then throw it away or recycle it. 42. What does the saying “Tidy space, tidy mind” mean? _____________________________________ 43. How does a messy environment influence us according to Dr. Roberts? _____________________________________ 44. What advantages does Harry find from a clean and tidy room? _____________________________________ 45. What do you usually do to keep your room tidy? Write 30 words or more. _____________________________________ 五、书面表达 (满分20分) 46. 假如你是李华, 你的英国朋友Mike下个月将要来北京交换学习, 并将住在当地的寄宿家庭。但他对中国的礼仪知之甚少, 因此给你写信希望了解中国的餐桌礼仪。请你根据下列提示给他写一封回信。 内容包括: (1) 表示愿意帮助; (2) 中国人具体用餐礼仪; (3) 注意事项。 注意: (1) 词数80-100词, 开头已给出, 不计入总词数; (2) 可适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯; (3) 文中不能出现真实姓名及学校名称。 Dear Mike, How’s it going? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2025-2026学年度下学期期末质量监测 八年级英语 (本试卷共45道题 满分90分 考试时间90分钟) 考生注意: 所有试题必须在答题卡指定区域内作答, 在本试卷上作答无效 第一部分选择题 (共50分) 一、阅读理解 (共20小题, 每小题2分; 满分40分) 第一节阅读下面语言材料, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项 A Introduction: In this book, you can teach your child how to: listen to others, share feelings with others, discuss problems with others. This book is a useful guide for all young parents. Reviews (评论) : Miss Cheng “Very helpful. I especially like the-part about sharing feelings!” Mr Lee “A must-read for every parent! This book gives practical advice.” Ms. Chan “Clear, kind, and full of useful tips. I’ve already seen changes in my son.” 1. The writer of Making Friends at School is_________. A. Mr. Lee B. Ms. Chan C. Miss Cheng D. Dr Joseph Wong 2. How much does the book cost during April? A. $20. B. $50. C. $80. D. $120. 3. What do the reviews have in common? A. The book is very useful. B. All teachers should read it. C. Kids’ changes can be seen. D. Sharing feelings is the best. 4. In which section of the bookstore can we find this book? A. Art. B. Travel. C. Fiction D. Childcare. 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. A 4. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是猫头鹰书店的书籍广告，介绍《Making Friends at School》这本书的作者、价格、优惠活动、内容简介以及读者评论。 【1题详解】 根据文中“Writer: Dr Joseph Wong (HKU)”可知本书作者是Dr Joseph Wong。 【2题详解】 原价100美元，April Special优惠减免20%，100−100×20%=80，四月售价80美元。 【3题详解】 三条评论分别出现Very helpful、practical advice、full of useful tips，共同点都认为这本书十分有用。 【4题详解】 这本书面向家长，指导家长培养孩子社交能力，属于育儿类（Childcare）书籍。 B Wan Haibo, a 43-year-old deliveryman (快递员), was honored as a national model worker on April 28, 2025 in Beijing. He received this honor for his excellent delivery work and active volunteer work. Wan said, “I feel very excited and proud.” Born in the countryside in Handan, Wan became a deliveryman in Tianjin in 2018. “It’s necessary to send every parcel (包裹) right to the customer in time,” he told the reporter from Beijing Daily. “The job is laborious, experiencing sunburn and wind. I thought about stopping, but finally got through the difficulties.” Wan usually delivers 500 parcels per day (700 or even 1000 parcels daily during some online shopping holidays or sales seasons). In the past seven years, he has delivered over 720, 000 parcels without any mistakes. He usually starts work around 6 a. m. and finishes around 8 p. m. Sometimes he has to work until midnight. When facing terrible weather and possible delivery delays (延迟), he will call the customer to explain the reasons. Wan is a warm-hearted person who often pays much attention to the old and the disabled. He usually gets medicine for them and takes away their rubbish when delivering parcels. Wan has also been a volunteer in his community since April 2022. As a volunteer, he helps to check the area’s sanitation conditions (卫生状况) and safety risks for the community. Wan said, “I’m very pleased that we deliverymen have got more respect in recent years. I think I will continue to serve the delivery industry in the future and encourage more people around me to take part in volunteer work.” 5. What honor did Wan Haibo get? A. The best deliveryman. B. A moving deliveryman. C. The most beautiful worker. D. A national model worker. 6. What does the underlined word “laborious” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Creative. B. Hard. C. Relaxing. D. Surprising. 7. What is Wan Haibo like according to the text? A. Curious and clever. B. Hard-working and kind. C. Honest and patient. D. Outgoing and humorous. 8. What can we learn from the text? A. Wan Haibo sends 1,700 parcels per day. B. Wan Haibo usually helps the old clean their rooms. C. Wan Haibo often calls the customers for more advice. D. Wan Haibo does well in his delivery work and volunteer work. 【答案】5. D 6. B 7. B 8. D 【解析】 【导语】本文讲述了快递员万海波于2025年4月28日在北京被授予全国劳动模范称号，展现了他敬业奉献和乐于助人的品质。 【5题详解】 第一段明确指出“Wan Haibo, a 43-year-old deliveryman, was honored as a national model worker on April 28, 2025 in Beijing”，这直接说明他获得的荣誉是全国劳动模范称号。 【6题详解】 第二段中“The job is laborious, experiencing sunburn and wind”描述了这份工作要经历日晒风吹，紧接着“I thought about stopping, but finally got through the difficulties”暗示工作很艰难，因此“laborious”意为“艰苦的”，与“hard”同义。 【7题详解】 第三段描述他每天配送大量包裹且七年无差错，体现其“hard-working”（勤奋）；第四段提到“Wan is a warm-hearted person who often pays much attention to the old and the disabled”，体现其“kind”（善良），故他具有勤奋和善良的品质。 【8题详解】 第一段提到他因“excellent delivery work and active volunteer work”获奖，第三段详述其配送工作零差错，第五段详述其社区志愿服务，可见他在配送和志愿两方面都表现出色。选项D“Wan Haibo does well in his delivery work and volunteer work”准确概括了这一点。 C Mindfulness (正念减压疗法) is all about being in the moment. It is not so much about clearing the mind but focusing on what’s happening right now. The following is a simple mindfulness activity. This 5-minute body scan exercise can be repeated whenever you feel the need to focus the mind and relax more deeply. Begin by choosing a quiet space where you will not be influenced. In this way, you can fully focus on yourself. At the same time, make sure the room is at a comfortable temperature. Sit on a straight-backed chair. Notice what your legs are doing—are they crossed or are both feet resting flat on the floor? Let them fully relax. Now move your attention to your upper body. Feel the weight of your body in the chair. Adjust (调整) your body for most comfort. Notice the position of your arms. Adjust your hands by resting them comfortably on your legs. Soften your shoulders. Notice your neck and throat. Let them relax. Soften your face. Relax your eyes and let your eyes gently close. Focus your attention on your breath. Notice the gentle rise and fall of your stomach as you breathe in and out the air. Focus on your breath and if your mind wanders (走神), do not worry. Take notice of any thought or feeling, and then gently return your attention to your breathing. When you are ready, slowly open your eyes. Take in the things around you and notice the sounds in the room. Think about how your body and mind feel right now. Try this exercise when studying for exams stresses you out. You’ll probably feel better. 9. What should you do first when starting this 5-minute mindfulness exercise? A. Close your eyes. B. Choose a quiet place. C. Sit on a soft sofa. D. Think about your problems. 10. Why do people do this exercise when they feel stressed? A. It makes people fall asleep easily. B. It helps people get better grades directly. C. It teaches people to calm down peacefully. D. It helps people forget all their problems quickly. 11. Who might be interested in the exercise? A. Parents who are making travel plans. B. Patients who are having a serious illness. C. Students who are worried about their studies. D. Teachers who are looking for new teaching methods. 12. What is the best title for the text? A. Ways to Keep Healthy B. A Mindfulness Exercise C. Advice on Exam Stress D. Ways to Clear Your Mind 【答案】9. B 10. C 11. C 12. B 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍了一个5分钟的正念身体扫描练习的具体步骤及其在缓解压力方面的作用。 【9题详解】 文章第二段第一句“Begin by choosing a quiet space where you will not be influenced.”指出，开始练习的第一步是选择一个安静的空间。 【10题详解】 文章最后两句“Try this exercise when studying for exams stresses you out. You’ll probably feel better.”指出，在考试复习压力大时尝试这个练习，你可能会感觉更好，说明这个练习能帮助人们平静下来。 【11题详解】 文章倒数第二句提到“when studying for exams stresses you out”，说明这项练习对担心学业的学生可能最有帮助。 【12题详解】 文章介绍了正念身体扫描练习的具体步骤和目的，因此B项“一项正念练习”最适合作标题。 D Do you not see the Yellow River come from the sky, rushing into the sea and never returning? This poem describes a very beautiful scene of the Yellow River. The Yellow River is the cradle of China’s civilization (中华文明的摇篮). It’s in northern China. It runs through nine provinces from west to east. It looks like the Chinese character “几”. It is the second longest river in China, and the fifth longest in the world. The Yellow River is also called the “mother river of China”. So flood control and prevention have always been the key to the happy lives of people. Now, scientists can better solve these problems by giving the river a digital twin (数字副本). The Yellow River’s digital twin uses new technologies such as big data, AI and Internet of Things to collect and send the information to the control center. According to the information, a 3D model of the river is shown on the computer screen, and it reflects (反映) the real conditions of the Yellow River. It’s like the Yellow River has a twin. One big success in the Yellow River’s protection is “smart stones”. They are put in important places along the river to record the movement of the river. As soon as smart stones feel the unusual movement of the river, they’ll-send an alarm to the control center at once. In this way, the government can take action to protect the Yellow River in time. And in the sky, drones (无人机) are flying to survey the flood prevention projects. Thanks to the drones, scientists can get the information about the Yellow River in time. Under the water and up in the sky, intelligent devices (设备) are helping to protect the Yellow River. In the future, we’ll try our best to create better ways for the mother river’s protection. 13. According to the map, the “sea” in Paragraph 1 refers to___________. A. the Yellow Sea B. the Bohai Sea C. the South China Sea D. the East China Sea 14. How does the writer introduce the Yellow River in Paragraph 2? A. By giving facts. B. By telling a story. C. By comparing opinions. D. By asking questions. 15. What do people use the “smart stones” to do? A. To build new roads along the river. B. To attract more visitors to the river. C. To clean the water of the Yellow River. D. To record the river movement and send alarms. 16. What is the writer’s purpose in writing the text? A. To ask people to stop polluting the Yellow River. B. To introduce the long history of the Yellow River. C. To show new technologies protecting the Yellow River. D. To compare the Yellow River with other rivers in the world. 【答案】13. B 14. A 15. D 16. C 【解析】 【导语】本文先简单介绍黄河的地理地位与称号，重点介绍数字孪生、智能石块、无人机等新技术如何监测、保护黄河。 【13题详解】 根据地理常识以及图片内容可知可知黄河最终注入渤海（Bohai Sea）。 【14题详解】 根据第二段“It’s in northern China. It runs through nine provinces...It is the second longest river in China, and the fifth longest in the world.”可知作者列举地理位置、流经区域、长度等事实介绍黄河。 【15题详解】 根据第五段“They are put in important places along the river to record the movement of the river. As soon as smart stones feel the unusual movement of the river, they’ll send an alarm to the control center at once.”可知智能石块记录水流动向并且发送警报。 【16题详解】 文章主要介绍数字孪生、智能石块、无人机等智能设备与新技术应用于黄河保护，向读者展示保护黄河的现代科技。 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Microplastics in Water—a Wake-up Call for All of Us Today researchers announced that they have found tiny pieces of plastic—microplastics (微塑料) in water from around the world. These pieces are so small that they are unseen to the naked eye (裸眼) and are very difficult to clean from the water. ____17____ Even worse, the plastic has also been found in drinking water across the world, which makes people worried. ____18____ Scientists do not know what level of harm this will do to us in the future. ____19____ For example, they’re from washing and drying clothing and from cleaning products, such as toothpaste and face washes. Microplastics are even found in the air outside and at our homes. Almost every country across the world agrees that we cannot continue using so much plastic in our lives. ____20____ We also need to introduce new duties and other means to encourage companies to choose environment-friendly things and recyclable packaging (包装) for their products. We need to take personal responsibility, too. We all may have the freedom to choose how we spend our money and what kinds of business and products we support. Let’s work together to protect our environment, both now and for the future. ____21____ A. Remember: Reduce—Reuse—Recycle. B. This means that we are drinking plastic every day. C. Microplastics come in a number of different ways. D. When in the water, they are eaten by fish and other animals. E. We need to find a solution to cleaning microplastics from our oceans. 【答案】17. D 18. B 19. C 20. E 21. A 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍了全球水体中发现的微塑料污染是一个警示，呼吁各国采取措施减少塑料使用，并鼓励企业和个人承担环保责任，以保护环境和人类健康。 【17题详解】 根据“These pieces are so small that they are unseen to the naked eye (裸眼) and are very difficult to clean from the water”可知这些碎片太小，肉眼看不见，很难从水中清除，选项D“当它们在水中时，会被鱼和其他动物吃掉”符合语境。故选D。 【18题详解】 根据“the plastic has also been found in drinking water across the world”可知世界各地的饮用水中也发现了这种塑料，选项B“这意味着我们每天都在喝塑料”符合语境。故选B。 【19题详解】 根据“For example, they’re from washing and drying clothing and from cleaning products...Microplastics are even found in the air outside and at our homes.”可知微塑料来自洗涤和烘干衣物以及牙膏和洗面奶等清洁产品，它们甚至存在于室外和家中的空气中，所以微塑料的来源有很多不同的方式，选项C“微塑料的来源有很多不同的方式”符合语境。故选C。 【20题详解】 根据“Almost every country across the world agrees that we cannot continue using so much plastic in our lives”以及“We also need to introduce new duties and other means to encourage companies to choose environment-friendly things and recyclable packaging (包装) for their products.”可知我们不能在生活中继续使用这么多塑料，要想办法清除微塑料，选项E“我们需要找到一种解决方案来清除海洋中的微塑料”符合语境。故选E。 【21题详解】 根据“Let’s work together to protect our environment, both now and for the future”可知此处是结语，选项A“记住：减少——再利用——再循环”符合语境。故选A。 二、完形填空 (共10小题, 每小题1分; 满分10分) 阅读短文, 理解其大意, 从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Alfred saw a flower by the river. He ran to get it for his sister Mary. Mary asked him to ____22____, afraid he would fall into the river. But Alfred didn’t ____23____. As he got closer to the flower, he lost his balance. He nearly fell into the ____24____, but luckily he caught hold of some nettles (荨麻) nearby. The sting (刺) of the nettles made him quickly run back, completely forgetting the ____25____. Alfred said angrily, “A stinging nettle is useless except for causing pain. Grandpa must be wrong to say everything is useful”. Just then, their grandfather appeared and joined them. “No use? Why, did it not ____26____ you from falling into the river?” Grandfather continued, “Alfred, you enjoyed the nettle soup and praised its taste not long ago. I’m sure you still remember it.” Alfred did remember the fresh taste of the soup. It was ____27____. Grandpa then showed them a ladybird hiding under a nettle leaf. “The ladybird finds shelter (遮蔽) here,” he said, “and a spider has built its web on the nettle. So both the ladybird and the spider are against you.” Alfred and Mary were surprised. Grandpa went on, “Nettles also ____28____ us a lesson. Look at Alfred’s fingers: they are not stung where he held the nettle firmly (强有力地), but only in the parts that touched it lightly. Life’s problems are like this: if you face them ____29____, they don’t hurt as much. Now let’s think: If nettles provide food, shelter and lessons, can we still say they are useless?” “Of course not,” Mary replied. “They are useful!” Alfred’s eyes ____30____. “I understand,” he said. “Everything has its ____31____.” “Exactly,” Grandpa smiled. From that day on, Alfred learned to look at things differently. 22. A. help B. stop C. answer D. attend 23. A. explain B. arrive C. listen D. continue 24. A. snow B. hole C. lake D. water 25. A. leaf B. tree C. bird D. flower 26. A. hide B. separate C. save D. borrow 27. A. terrible B. delicious C. common D. awful 28. A. lend B. write C. teach D. accept 29. A. secretly B. peacefully C. positively D. clearly 30. A. lighted up B. turned down C. moved away D. gave in 31. A. time B. rule C. purpose D. direction 【答案】22. B 23. C 24. D 25. D 26. C 27. B 28. C 29. C 30. A 31. C 【解析】 【导语】本文讲述了Alfred为摘花险些落水，被荨麻所救却被刺痛，后在爷爷的引导下发现荨麻的多种用途，从而领悟到“万物皆有其用途”的道理。 【22题详解】 句意：Mary叫他停下，担心他会掉进河里。 根据下文“afraid he would fall into the river”可知，Mary因担心而叫停Alfred。“stop”意为“停下”，符合语境。help“帮助”，answer“回答”，attend“参加”，均不符合。 【23题详解】 句意：但Alfred没有听从。 上文Mary叫停他，下文“he lost his balance”说明他未听从劝告。“listen”意为“听/听从”，符合语境。explain“解释”，arrive“到达”，continue“继续”，均不符合。 【24题详解】 句意：他差点掉进水里。 根据文章开头“Alfred saw a flower by the river”可知他在河边，因此差点掉进河里。“water”指河水，符合语境。snow“雪”，hole“洞”，lake“湖”，均不符合。 【25题详解】 句意：他完全忘记了花。 上文说他是为了给Mary摘花而去河边，被荨麻刺到后跑开，因此忘记了花。“flower”与前文“a flower”呼应，符合语境。leaf“叶子”，tree“树”，bird“鸟”，均不符合。 【26题详解】 句意：难道它没使你免于掉进河里吗？ 爷爷指出荨麻的刺让Alfred迅速跑回，从而避免他落水。“save...from”意为“拯救……免于”，符合语境。hide“隐藏”，separate“分离”，borrow“借”，均不符合。 【27题详解】 句意：汤是美味的。 上文爷爷提醒Alfred曾称赞荨麻汤的味道，且Alfred“remembered the fresh taste”，说明汤美味。“delicious”意为“美味的”，符合语境。terrible“可怕的/糟糕的”，common“普通的”，awful“极差的”，均不符合。 【28题详解】 句意：荨麻也教给我们一个道理。 下文爷爷通过Alfred手指被刺的情况引出生活哲理，说明荨麻教会我们道理。“teach”意为“教/传授”，符合语境。lend“借出”，write“写”，accept“接受”，均不符合。 【29题详解】 句意：如果你积极地面对它们，它们就不会那么疼。 爷爷用荨麻刺手的例子类比生活问题，鼓励积极面对。“positively”意为“积极地”，符合语境。secretly“秘密地”，peacefully“平静地”，clearly“清楚地”，均不符合。 【30题详解】 句意：Alfred的眼睛亮了起来。 Alfred听完爷爷的话后恍然大悟，“lighted up”意为“亮起来/露出喜色”，表示理解后的神情变化。turned down“调低/拒绝”，moved away“搬走”，gave in“屈服”，均不符合。 【31题详解】 句意：每样事物都有它的用途。 Alfred最终领悟到万物皆有其用途，“purpose”意为“目的/用途”，与文章主题“everything is useful”呼应。time“时间”，rule“规则”，direction“方向”，均不符合。 第二部分 非选择题 (共40分) 三、语篇填空 (共10小题, 每小题1分; 满分10分) 阅读短文, 在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空, 使短文通顺、连贯。 Have you ever taken a self-driving taxi on the road? Have you ever used your fingerprint to open a door? Technologies have brought great changes ____32____ us. Actually, changes can also be found in your school. “Now, we don’t have to rush to the canteen (食堂) as soon as the bell ____33____ (ring),” says Hu Liang, a student from Jiangxi. His school introduced ____34____ smart canteen system this year. It makes school life much ____35____ (easy) for students than before. They choose ____36____ (meal) online first. When it’s time for ____37____ (they) orders, they choose what to eat by using facial recognition (人脸识别) technology. It offers students wonderful experiences. At the same time it helps the school plan meals and reduce kitchen waste. Now besides offering delicious food, efforts are made to help students ____38____ (develop) good living habits.” Up to now, a middle school in Chongqing ____39____ (use) four cameras on the playground to follow students and record how fast they run. They can ____40____ (clear) see the top ten students on the screen. That adds fun to running ____41____ makes students compete in an interesting way. What other exciting technologies could be part of our life in the future? Let’s look forward to even more changes! 【答案】32. to##for 33. rings 34. a 35. easier 36. meals 37. their 38. to develop##develop 39. has used 40. clearly 41. and 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍智能食堂系统、操场摄像测速等新技术走进校园，给校园生活带来诸多改变。 【32题详解】 句意：科技给我们带来了巨大变化。固定搭配bring changes to sb./bring changes for sb.，意为 “给某人带来改变”，故填to/for。 【33题详解】 句意：现在，铃一响我们就不必冲向食堂了。本句主句we don’t have to rush…含有情态动词have to，属于常态描述，从句需要使用一般现在时；从句主语the bell是第三人称单数，谓语动词ring变形为三单形式rings。 【34题详解】 句意：他的学校今年引进了一套智能食堂系统。system是可数名词单数，smart以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a。 【35题详解】 句意：它让学生的校园生活比以前轻松很多。句中有比较标志词than，easy需使用比较级easier。 【36题详解】 句意：他们先在线选餐。此处表示多种饭菜，meal为可数名词，使用复数形式meals。 【37题详解】 句意：到取餐的时候，他们通过人脸识别技术选择食物。空格修饰名词orders，需用形容词性物主代词，they对应的形容词性物主代词是their。 【38题详解】 句意：学校也努力帮助学生养成良好生活习惯。固定搭配help sb. (to) do sth.，to可以省略，故填 (to) develop。 【39题详解】 句意：到目前为止，重庆一所中学已经在操场使用四台摄像头追踪学生并记录跑步速度。Up to now意为“到目前为止”，是现在完成时标志；主语a middle school为单数，故填has used。 【40题详解】 句意：他们可以在屏幕上清楚看到前十名学生。空格修饰动词see，要用副词，clear对应的副词形式是clearly。 【41题详解】 句意：这给跑步增添乐趣，并且让学生以有趣的方式相互竞争。前后两个分句是并列关系，使用并列连词and。 四、阅读与表达 (共4小题, 41-43小题, 每小题2分, 44小题4分; 满分10分) 阅读短文，然后根据内容回答问题。 Have you heard of the saying “Tidy space, tidy mind”? The summer vacation is coming. It’s time to clear out all the things you don’t need anymore. As well as freeing up space, it clears your mind. Maybe you’ve been given new clothes, toys or books for some special reason and haven’t yet found a place to store them. When you spend time indoors taking things out to use or play with, your bedroom gets messy. “Clearing out the things you don’t want or use anymore makes you feel good. A messy environment can take your attention away from things you need to focus on,” said Dr. Roberts, a psychologist (心理学家). When your room is clean and tidy, you don’t need to spend ages searching for missing socks or schoolbooks. This frees time and space for the things you enjoy. Tidying up takes more time, energy and effort, but the results make you happy, relaxed and can help you sleep better. “Having a clean and tidy room makes me feel calmer,” says The Week Junior reader Harry, aged 13. “I like tidying up. At the same time, it can help me to keep my books and games in order and know where they are.” When you start tidying up, set easy tasks, such as cleaning one surface or drawer at a time. If time is allowed, put all the things on the floor or bed and sort (分类) them into four kinds: Store: useful things you have good memories of. Donate: things you don’t want but can give away, like books, toys or clothes. Sell: have a tabletop sale or ask an adult to help you use an online marketplace. Throw away or recycle: if it’s broken or worn out, then throw it away or recycle it. 42. What does the saying “Tidy space, tidy mind” mean? _____________________________________ 43. How does a messy environment influence us according to Dr. Roberts? _____________________________________ 44. What advantages does Harry find from a clean and tidy room? _____________________________________ 45. What do you usually do to keep your room tidy? Write 30 words or more. _____________________________________ 【答案】42. As well as freeing up space, it clears your mind./When freeing up space, it clears your mind./It means a tidy living space can also make your mind clear. 43. A messy environment can take your attention away from things you need to focus on. 44. It makes him feel calmer and helps to keep his books and games in order. 45. I tidy my room every morning. I put my books and school things in place. I also fold my clothes and clean my desk often. I put away my toys after using them. It helps me keep my room nice and tidy. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了整理杂乱空间的好处、杂乱环境对人的影响以及整理房间的具体建议和方法。 【42题详解】 根据文章第一段“As well as freeing up space, it clears your mind.”可知，该谚语的含义是：整理空间能释放空间并清晰思维。 【43题详解】 根据文章第三段“A messy environment can take your attention away from things you need to focus on.”可知，杂乱的环境会分散我们的注意力。 【44题详解】 根据文章第四段“Having a clean and tidy room makes me feel calmer... it can help me to keep my books and games in order and know where they are.”可知， Harry觉得房间整洁能让他平静并便于管理物品。 【45题详解】 本题为主观开放题，答案不唯一。结合自身实际，写出自己保持房间整洁的做法即可。 五、书面表达 (满分20分) 46. 假如你是李华, 你的英国朋友Mike下个月将要来北京交换学习, 并将住在当地的寄宿家庭。但他对中国的礼仪知之甚少, 因此给你写信希望了解中国的餐桌礼仪。请你根据下列提示给他写一封回信。 内容包括: (1) 表示愿意帮助; (2) 中国人具体用餐礼仪; (3) 注意事项。 注意: (1) 词数80-100词, 开头已给出, 不计入总词数; (2) 可适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯; (3) 文中不能出现真实姓名及学校名称。 Dear Mike, How’s it going? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】 例文： Dear Mike, How’s it going? I’m glad to hear that you’ll come to Beijing. I’d like to share some table manners with you. First, wait for the elders to start eating before you begin. It’s a sign of respect. Second, don’t stick your chopsticks upright into your rice bowl, because it reminds people of incense sticks for the dead. Third, you’d better not make loud noises when eating or drinking. Finally, it’s polite to say “thank you” to the host after the meal. I hope these tips will be helpful to you. Wish you a nice stay in Beijing! Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【详解】写作步骤 [第一步：审题立意] 确定文体：书信/建议类文章，以一般现在时为主 明确要点：表示愿意帮助、具体用餐礼仪、注意事项 确定人称：第一人称（I）和第二人称（you）为主 注意事项：不得出现真实姓名及学校名称，需以李华身份给Mike回信 [第二步：构思布局] 三段式结构： 开头段：回应来信，表示愿意帮助 主体段：逐条介绍中国的餐桌礼仪及注意事项 结尾段：表达祝愿 [第三步：要点展开] 要点一：回应与帮助意愿 回应：I’m glad to hear that you’ll come to Beijing. 帮助意愿：I’d like to share some table manners with you./I’m happy to help you.等 表达：I’m glad to hear that you’ll come to Beijing. I’d like to share some table manners with you.等 要点二：礼仪一 礼仪：wait for the elders to start eating before you begin/let the older people eat first等 表达：First, wait for the elders to start eating before you begin. It’s a sign of respect.等 要点三：礼仪二 礼仪：don’t stick your chopsticks upright into your rice bowl/don’t point with your chopsticks等 表达：Second, don’t stick your chopsticks upright into your rice bowl, because it reminds people of incense sticks for the dead.等 要点四：礼仪三 礼仪：you’d better not make loud noises when eating or drinking/eat quietly等 表达：Third, you’d better not make loud noises when eating or drinking.等 要点五：其他注意事项 注意事项：say “thank you” to the host after the meal/don’t take too much food at once/use serving chopsticks等 表达：Finally, it’s polite to say “thank you” to the host after the meal.等 要点六：结尾祝愿 祝愿：I hope these tips will be helpful to you./Wish you a nice stay in Beijing!/Have a wonderful time!等 表达：I hope these tips will be helpful to you. Wish you a nice stay in Beijing!等 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $