第8讲 should、could的用法、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级（八升九暑假复习讲义）2026-2027学年人教版八年级英语下册

八升九英语暑假衔接预习课（新教材人教版） 第八讲 should、could的用法 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级 ◇Part 01 内 容 汇 总 内容 详情 should的用法 用法讲解、即讲即练 could的用法 用法讲解、即讲即练 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级 用法讲解、即讲即练 知识过关练 选择题、填空题、完成句子 ◇Part 02 语 法 知 识 讲 解 一、should的用法 should为情态动词，否定式为shouldn’t，其后接动词原形，无人称和数的变化。疑问句把should提到主语前面。 · 肯定结构：主 + should + 动原+ 其他。 例：I should go.（我该走了。） He should try again.（他应该再试一次。） They should finish it today.（他们今天该做完。） · 否定结构：主 + should + not + 动原+ 其他。 → 缩 shouldn't 例：I shouldn't be late.（我不该迟到。） You shouldn't eat too much.（你不该吃太多。） He shouldn't worry.（他不该担心。） · 一般疑问结构：Should + 主 + 动原+ 其他？ ——Should I go now?（我现在该走吗？） ——Yes, you should. / No, you shouldn't. ——Should he tell her?（他该告诉她吗？） ——Yes, he should. / No, he shouldn't. · 特殊疑问句结构：疑问词 + should + 主 + 动原+ 其他？ What should I do?（我该做什么？） Where should we meet?（我们该在哪碰？） When should he leave?（他该何时走？） Why should I trust you?（我为何该信你？） 即讲即练 一、单项选择题 1. —______ I finish the work today? —No, you ______. You can do it tomorrow. A. Should; mustn't B. Must; needn't C. Should; shouldn't D. Must; mustn't 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我必须今天完成这项工作吗？——不，你不必。你可以明天做。本题考查情态动词辨析。Must引导的一般疑问句否定回答用needn't，故选B。should意为“应该”，语气不如must强烈，不符合语境。 2. ——______ should we meet at the school gate? ——At 7:30 a.m. A. What B. Where C. When D. Why 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我们应该几点在校门口碰面？——早上七点半。本题考查特殊疑问句。根据答语At 7:30 a.m.可知问的是时间，用when提问，故选C。 二、句型转换 1. You should tell him the truth.（改为否定句） You ______ ______ him the truth. 【答案】shouldn't tell 【详解】句意：你不应该告诉他真相。本题考查should的否定形式。should的否定式直接在should后加not，缩写为shouldn't，后接动词原形，故填shouldn't tell。 2. He should try again.（改为一般疑问句） ______ he ______ again? 【答案】Should; try 【详解】句意：他应该再试一次吗？本题考查should的一般疑问句。将should提到主语前，后接动词原形，故填Should; try。 should主要有以下三种用法： （1）should用于表达某种义务或责任，如基于道德、法律或者大家一致的共识上的义务或责任，意为“应该”。 例：We should obey the traffic rules when we cross the road.（我们在过马路时应该遵守交通规则。） Students should arrive at school on time every day.（学生们应该每天按时到校。） You should respect your teachers and parents.（你应该尊敬老师和父母。） 即讲即练 一、单项选择题 1. We ______ wait for the green light when we cross the road. A. could B. might C. should D. would 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们过马路时应该等待绿灯。本题考查should表义务的用法。遵守交通规则是大家共识的义务，用should表达“应该”，故选C。 2. Parents ______ spend more time with their children. A. should B. could C. may D. would 【答案】A 【详解】句意：父母应该花更多时间陪伴孩子。本题考查should表责任建议。根据常识和道德共识，父母陪伴孩子是一种责任，用should，故选A。 二、完成句子 1. 我们每个人都应该保护环境。 Every one of us ______ ______ the environment. 【答案】should protect 【详解】句意：我们每个人都应该保护环境。本题考查should表义务的用法。保护环境是大家的责任，should后接动词原形protect，故填should protect。 （2）should用于提出某种主观认为合理正确的建议或劝告，意为“应该”。 例：You look tired. You should take a rest and drink some water.（你看起来很累。你应该休息一下，喝点水。） It's going to rain. You should take an umbrella with you.（快要下雨了。你应该带把伞。） If you want to learn English well, you should practice speaking every day.（如果你想学好英语，你应该每天练习说。） 即讲即练 一、单项选择题 1. —I have a bad headache. —You ______ lie down and have a rest. A. should B. could C. would D. might 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我头痛得厉害。——你应该躺下休息一下。本题考查should表建议。根据对方描述的病情，给出合理的建议应用should，故选A。 2. It's going to rain. You ______ take an umbrella with you. A. should B. could C. would D. might 【答案】A 【详解】句意：快要下雨了。你应该带把伞。本题考查should表建议。根据天气情况给出合理建议用should，故选A。 二、完成句子 1. 如果你想通过考试，你应该每天复习功课。 If you want to pass the exam, you ______ ______ your lessons every day. 【答案】should review 【详解】句意：如果你想通过考试，你应该每天复习功课。本题考查should表建议。should后接动词原形review，故填should review。 二、could的用法 could为情态动词，其后接动词原形，无人称和数的变化。有如下用法。 （1）could可以作can的过去式用，表示过去的某种能力。 例：She could play the piano very well when she was only six.（她只有六岁时钢琴就弹得很好了。）——表过去的能力 即讲即练 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. She ______ (can) swim when she was only five years old. 【答案】could 【详解】句意：她只有五岁时就会游泳了。本题考查could表过去的能力。描述过去的能力用can的过去式could，故填could。 2. In the past, we ______ (can) buy a ticket for just one dollar. 【答案】could 【详解】句意：在过去，我们只用一美元就能买到一张票。本题考查could表过去情况的可能性。in the past提示用过去时，could是can的过去式，故填could。 二、单项选择题 1. My grandfather ______ speak three languages when he was young. A. can B. could C. may D. might 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我爷爷年轻时能说三种语言。本题考查could表过去的能力。when he was young提示过去时，用could表示过去的能力，故选B。 2. In those days, people ______ travel by train very cheaply. A. can B. could C. may D. must 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在那个年代，人们能很便宜地坐火车旅行。本题考查could表过去的可能性。In those days提示过去时，用could表过去情况的可能性，故选B。 （2）用于表达语气更为客气、婉转的请求，这时不表示can的过去式。 例：Could you please help me with my math homework?（你能帮我做数学作业吗？）——委婉请求 Could I borrow your pen for a moment?（我能借用一下你的笔吗？）——委婉请求 Excuse me, could you tell me the way to the nearest post office?（打扰一下，你能告诉我去最近的邮局怎么走吗？）——委婉请求 即讲即练 一、单项选择题 1. ——______ I borrow your pen? ——Sure. Here you are. A. Could B. Should C. Must D. Need 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我能借用一下你的笔吗？——当然。给你。本题考查could表委婉请求。Could I...? 表示委婉地征求对方许可，故选A。 2. ——Could you please help me with my math? ——______. A. Yes, I could B. No, I couldn't C. Of course D. That's right 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你能帮我辅导数学吗？——当然可以。本题考查对委婉请求的应答。委婉请求的肯定回答常用Sure./Of course./Certainly.等，故选C。 二、句型转换 1. Can you tell me the way to the post office?（改为更委婉的表达） ______ you tell me the way to the post office? 【答案】Could 【详解】句意：你能告诉我去邮局的路吗？本题考查could表委婉请求。用could替代can可使语气更加客气委婉，故填Could。 （3）could还可以‌提出建议‌，当使用“could”提出建议时，语气更加委婉和礼貌。 例：You could try the new restaurant near our school. The food there is great.（你可以试试我们学校附近的那家新餐馆。那里的食物很棒。）——委婉建议 We could go to the movies tonight if you are free.（如果你有空的话，我们今晚可以去看电影。）——委婉建议 You could ask your teacher for help if you don't understand this problem.（如果你不理解这个问题，你可以向老师求助。）——委婉建议 即讲即练 一、单项选择题 1. We ______ go to the cinema this weekend if you are free. A. could B. should C. must D. need 【答案】A 【详解】句意：如果你有空的话，我们这个周末可以去看电影。本题考查could表委婉建议。could表示语气委婉的建议，符合“提议一起去看电影”的语境，故选A。 2. You ______ ask your classmates for help if you have difficulty. A. could B. should C. must D. would 【答案】A 【详解】句意：如果你有困难，你可以向同学求助。本题考查could表委婉建议。could表示一种温和的建议，比should语气更委婉，故选A。 二、完成句子 1. 你可以试试这个新方法，它可能会有所帮助。 You ______ ______ this new method. It might be helpful. 【答案】could try 【详解】句意：你可以试试这个新方法，它可能会有所帮助。本题考查could表委婉建议。could后接动词原形try，表示语气温和的建议，故填could try。 三、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级 1、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的概念 形容词和副词的比较级是用来对两者之间的某方面进行比较，最高级用于三者或三者以上在某方面进行比较，表达“最… …”的意义 。 例：She runs faster than her brother.（她跑得比她哥哥快。）——比较级，两者比较 Mount Qomolangma is the highest mountain in the world.（珠穆朗玛峰是世界上最高的山。）——最高级，三者以上 2、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成 （1）规则变化 构成方法 原级 比较级 最高级 单音节词 和部分双 音节词 一般情况下，比较级词尾加-er,最高级词尾加-est。 smart fast smarter faster smartest fastest 以不发音e结尾的词，比较级词尾加-r,最高级词尾加-st。 large wide larger wider largest widest 重读闭音节词尾只有一个辅音字母时，先双写该辅音字母，然后比较级词尾加-er,最高级词尾加-est。 big fat bigger fatter biggest fattest 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词，先把y改为i,然后比较级词尾加-er,最高级词尾加-est。 easy happy easier happier easiest happiest 多音节词 和部分双 音节词 词前加more构成比较级，词前加most构成最高级。 carefully popular more carefully more popular most carefully most popular 例：This math problem is easier than that one.（这道数学题比那道更容易。） My sister is happier today because she got a new doll.（我妹妹今天更开心，因为她得到了一个新娃娃。） She speaks English more fluently than her classmates.（她说英语比她的同学更流利。） 即讲即练 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. Which subject is ______ (easy), English or Chinese? 【答案】easier 【详解】句意：哪一门科目更容易，英语还是语文？本题考查形容词比较级。两者比较用比较级，easy为“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i加er，故填easier。 2. Tom runs ______ (fast) than any other boy in his class. 【答案】faster 【详解】句意：汤姆跑得比他班上任何其他男孩都快。本题考查副词比较级。than提示用比较级，fast的比较级为faster，故填faster。 3. She is the ______ (careful) student in our class. 【答案】most careful 【详解】句意：她是我们班最细心的学生。本题考查形容词最高级。in our class提示用最高级，careful为多音节形容词，最高级为most careful，故填most careful。 4. The weather is getting ______ (hot) and ______ (hot). 【答案】hotter; hotter 【详解】句意：天气变得越来越热。本题考查“越来越……”的表达。hot为单音节词，比较级为hotter，“越来越热”用hotter and hotter，故填hotter; hotter。 5. She sings ______ (beautiful) in her school. 【答案】most beautifully 【详解】句意：她在学校唱得最美。本题考查副词最高级。in her school提示用最高级，beautifully为多音节副词，最高级为most beautifully，故填most beautifully。 二、单项选择题 1. This problem is ______ than that one. A. easy B. easier C. easiest D. more easy 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这道题比那道题更容易。本题考查比较级。than提示用比较级，easy为双音节词，比较级为easier，故选B。 2. He is one of ______ boys in our class. A. tall B. taller C. tallest D. the tallest 【答案】D 【详解】句意：他是我们班最高的男孩之一。本题考查最高级结构。one of the + 最高级 + 可数名词复数，tall的最高级为tallest，前加the，故选D。 （2）不规则变化 常见不规则的例子： 原级 比较级 最高级 good/well better best bad/badly worse worst many/much more most little less least 例：She sings better than her sister.（她唱歌比她姐姐唱得好。）——well的比较级 The weather today is even worse than yesterday.（今天的天气甚至比昨天更糟。）——bad的比较级 即讲即练 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. She dances ______ (well) than her sister. 【答案】better 【详解】句意：她跳舞比她姐姐跳得好。本题考查不规则变化。than提示用比较级，well的比较级为better，故填better。 2. He is the ______ (bad) singer in the competition. 【答案】worst 【详解】句意：他是比赛中唱得最差的歌手。本题考查不规则变化。in the competition提示用最高级，bad的最高级为worst，故填worst。 3. She ate ______ (little) food of the three girls. 【答案】the least 【详解】句意：她是三个女孩中吃得最少的。本题考查不规则变化。of the three girls提示用最高级，little的最高级为least，故填the least。 4. He has ______ (many) books than I do. 【答案】more 【详解】句意：他的书比我的多。本题考查不规则变化。than提示用比较级，many的比较级为more，故填more。 二、单项选择题 1. The weather today is even ______ than yesterday. A. bad B. worse C. worst D. more bad 【答案】B 【详解】句意：今天的天气甚至比昨天更糟。本题考查不规则变化。than提示用比较级，bad的比较级为worse，even修饰比较级，故选B。 2. Who runs ______ in your class? A. fast B. faster C. fastest D. the fastest 【答案】D 【详解】句意：你们班谁跑得最快？本题考查副词最高级。in your class提示用最高级，副词最高级前的the可省略也可保留，此处填the fastest或fastest均可，但选项中只有D最合适，故选D。 3、形容词和副词的比较级的用法 （1）对两者进行比较 常用结构为： “A + be 动词 / 实义动词 + 比较级 + than + B” 。 例句：Beijing is larger than Shanghai?（北京比上海更大吗？） This apple is sweeter than that one.（这个苹果比那个更甜。） She gets up earlier than her brother every morning.（她每天早上比她哥哥起得更早。） （2）表达“越来越……” 常用结构“比较级+and+比较级”，多音节和部分双音节词用“more and more+原级” 例句：The weather is getting warmer and warmer in spring.（春天天气变得越来越暖和了。） Our school is becoming more and more beautiful.（我们的学校变得越来越美丽了。） The young trees grow taller and taller.（这些小树长得越来越高。） （3）表达“越……越……” 常用结构：“the+比较级...，the+比较级...” 例句：The more you read, the more you will learn.（你读得越多，你学到的就越多。） The harder you study, the better grades you will get.（你学习越努力，你取得的成绩就越好。） The more exercise we do, the healthier we will be.（我们锻炼越多，我们就越健康。） 即讲即练 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. My sister is two years ______ (young) than me. 【答案】younger 【详解】句意：我妹妹比我小两岁。本题考查比较级。than提示用比较级，young的比较级为younger，故填younger。 2. The ______ (much) you practice, the ______ (good) you will become. 【答案】more; better 【详解】句意：你练习得越多，你就会变得越好。本题考查“越……越……”结构。“the + 比较级，the + 比较级”固定句型，much的比较级为more，well/good的比较级为better，故填more; better。 3. Our city is becoming ______ and ______ (beautiful). 【答案】more; more beautiful 【详解】句意：我们的城市变得越来越美丽。本题考查多音节形容词“越来越……”的表达。beautiful为多音节词，用more and more beautiful，故填more; more beautiful。 4. She gets up ______ (early) than her brother. 【答案】earlier 【详解】句意：她每天早上比她哥哥起得早。本题考查比较级。than提示用比较级，early为“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i加er，故填earlier。 二、单项选择题 1. This movie is ______ than the one we saw last week. A. interesting B. more interesting C. most interesting D. the most interesting 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这部电影比我们上周看的那部更有趣。本题考查比较级。than提示用比较级，interesting为多音节形容词，比较级为more interesting，故选B。 2. The more exercise you do, ______ you will be. A. healthy B. healthier C. the healthier D. the healthiest 【答案】C 【详解】句意：你锻炼得越多，你就会越健康。本题考查“越……越……”结构。“the + 比较级，the + 比较级”，healthy的比较级为healthier，前加the，故选C。 4、 形容词和副词的最高级的用法 （1）表示三者或以上“最......”，如果要说明范围，可用of、in、among。 基本结构：A+be /实义动词+形容词/副词最高级+of/in/among… 例句：She is the tallest in her family. 她是家里最高的。 This is the best book. 这是最好的一本书。 【注意】形容词最高级的前面一般要加定冠词the，副词最高级前的the可以省去。 例：He is the cleverest boy in the family.（他是家里最聪明的男孩。）——形容词最高级，用the She sings (the) most beautifully in her class.（她在班上唱得最美。）——副词最高级，the可省略 （2）用于结构“one of the +形容词最高级+可数名词复数”中，表达“最…… 之一” 例句：Beijing is one of the largest cities in the world.（北京是世界上最大的城市之一。） This is one of the most beautiful parks in our city.（这是我们城市最美丽的公园之一。） She is one of the kindest teachers in our school.（她是我们学校最和蔼的老师之一。） （3）表达 “第二、第三…… ” 时，结构为：the + 序数词 + 最高级。 例如：The Yangtze River is the third longest river in the world.（长江是世界第三长河。） She is the second tallest girl in our class.（她是班上第二高的女孩。） This is the second most expensive camera in the store.（这是店里第二贵的相机。） 即讲即练 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. Mount Qomolangma is ______ (high) mountain in the world. 【答案】the highest 【详解】句意：珠穆朗玛峰是世界上最高的山峰。本题考查最高级。in the world提示用最高级，high的最高级为highest，前加the，故填the highest。 2. She is one of ______ (kind) teachers in our school. 【答案】the kindest 【详解】句意：她是我们学校最和蔼的老师之一。本题考查最高级结构。one of the + 最高级 + 可数名词复数，kind的最高级为kindest，故填the kindest。 3. The Yellow River is the second ______ (long) river in China. 【答案】longest 【详解】句意：黄河是中国第二长河。本题考查“第几+最高级”结构。“the + 序数词 + 最高级”，long的最高级为longest，故填longest。 4. Among all the boys, Tom jumped ______ (far). 【答案】(the) farthest 【详解】句意：在所有男孩中，汤姆跳得最远。本题考查副词最高级。Among all the boys提示用最高级，far的最高级为farthest，副词最高级前the可省略，故填(the) farthest。 二、单项选择题 1. This is one of ______ parks in our city. A. beautiful B. more beautiful C. most beautiful D. the most beautiful 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这是我们城市最美丽的公园之一。本题考查最高级结构。one of the + 最高级 + 可数名词复数，beautiful的最高级为most beautiful，前加the，故选D。 2. She is ______ girl in her class. A. the second tallest B. the second taller C. second tallest D. second taller 【答案】A 【详解】句意：她班上第二高的女孩。本题考查“第几+最高级”。“the + 序数词 + 最高级”，tall的最高级为tallest，故选A。 5、比较级和最高级的修饰 （1）比较级常见的修饰词有： much（显著）、far（远超）、a little（轻微）、a bit（些许）、twice（两倍）、three times（三倍）等。 例：This question is much more difficult than that one.（这个问题比那个难得多。）——much修饰比较级 She is far more careful than her brother.（她比她哥哥细心得多。）——far修饰比较级 It's a little colder today than yesterday.（今天比昨天稍微冷一点。）——a little修饰比较级 （2）最高级常见的修饰词有：by far（显著）、almost（几乎）、nearly（接近）等。 例句：She is by far the best singer in our school.（她显然是我们学校最好的歌手。）——by far修饰最高级 This is almost the most difficult problem in the exam.（这几乎是考试中最难的问题。）——almost修饰最高级 He is nearly the tallest boy in the class.（他几乎是班上最高的男孩。）——nearly修饰最高级 即讲即练 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. This problem is ______ (much) difficult than that one. 【答案】much 【详解】句意：这道题比那道题难得多。本题考查比较级的修饰词。much修饰比较级difficult，故填much。 2. She is ______ (far) the best student in our class. 【答案】far 【详解】句意：她显然是我们班最好的学生。本题考查最高级的修饰词。by far修饰最高级，far放入句中，故填far。 3. It's ______ (a little) colder today than yesterday. 【答案】a little 【详解】句意：今天比昨天稍微冷一点。本题考查比较级的修饰词。a little修饰比较级colder，故填a little。 二、单项选择题 1. This box is ______ heavier than that one. A. many B. much C. more D. most 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这个箱子比那个重得多。本题考查比较级的修饰词。much修饰比较级heavier，故选B。 2. The room is a bit ______ than before. A. dark B. darker C. darkest D. the darkest 【答案】B 【详解】句意：房间比以前暗了一点。本题考查比较级。than提示用比较级，a bit修饰比较级，dark的比较级为darker，故选B。 3. This is by far ______ book I have ever read. A. good B. better C. best D. the best 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这是我读过的最好的一本书。本题考查最高级的修饰词。by far修饰最高级，good的最高级为best，前加the，故选D。 【拓展】as ... as句型的用法 as ... as句型可以用来表示两者在某一方面相同或者一方不如另一方。 （1）“as +形容词或副词原形+ as”表示两者在某一方面相同时。 例：This book is as interesting as that one.（这本书和那本书一样有趣。） Lucy runs as fast as Lily.（露西跑得和莉莉一样快。） （2）“not as / so +形容词或副词原形+ as”表示一方在某一方面不及另一方。 例：This book is not as interesting as that one.（这本书不如那本书有趣。） Tom is not so tall as his brother.（汤姆不如他哥哥高。） 即讲即练 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. This book is as ______ (interest) as that one. 【答案】interesting 【详解】句意：这本书和那本书一样有趣。本题考查as...as结构的同级比较。as...as中间用形容词或副词原级，故填interesting。 2. He doesn't run so ______ (fast) as his brother. 【答案】fast 【详解】句意：他跑得不如他哥哥快。本题考查not so/as...as结构的同级比较。中间用副词原级，故填fast。 二、单项选择题 1. Lucy is ______ as Lily. A. as tall B. as taller C. so tall D. so taller 【答案】A 【详解】句意：露西和莉莉一样高。本题考查as...as的同级比较。as...as中间用形容词原级，tall的原级为tall，故选A。 2. This movie is not ______ interesting as that one. A. as B. so C. too D. very 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这部电影不如那部有趣。本题考查not so/as...as的否定比较。否定句中用so或as均可，空格后已有as，此处填so构成not so...as，故选B。 3. Tom doesn't work ______ hard ______ Jack. A. as; so B. so; as C. as; than D. so; than 【答案】B 【详解】句意：汤姆工作不如杰克努力。本题考查not so/as...as结构。否定句中用not so/as...as，故选B。 ◇Part 03 知 识 过 关 练 一、单项选择题 1. You look tired. You ______ have a good rest. A. should B. could C. would D. might 【答案】A 【详解】句意：你看起来很累。你应该好好休息。本题考查should表建议。根据对方脸色不好给出建议用should，故选A。 2. ______ you please pass me that pen? A. Should B. Could C. Must D. Need 【答案】B 【详解】句意：你能把那支笔递给我吗？本题考查could表委婉请求。Could you please...? 是表委婉请求的固定句型，故选B。 3. She ______ play the piano very well when she was seven. A. can B. could C. may D. might 【答案】B 【详解】句意：她七岁时钢琴就弹得很好了。本题考查could表过去的能力。when she was seven提示过去时，用could表过去的能力，故选B。 4. Shanghai is one of ______ cities in the world. A. big B. bigger C. biggest D. the biggest 【答案】D 【详解】句意：上海是世界上最大的城市之一。本题考查最高级结构。one of the + 最高级 + 可数名词复数，big的最高级为biggest，前加the，故选D。 5. The harder you study, ______ grades you will get. A. good B. better C. the better D. the best 【答案】C 【详解】句意：你学习越努力，你取得的成绩就越好。本题考查“越……越……”结构。“the + 比较级，the + 比较级”，good的比较级为better，故选C。 6. This problem is ______ than that one. A. much easier B. much easy C. more easier D. much more easier 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这道题比那道题容易得多。本题考查比较级及修饰词。much修饰比较级，easy的比较级为easier，much easier符合，故选A。 7. As students, we ______ obey the school rules. A. could B. should C. may D. might 【答案】B 【详解】句意：作为学生，我们应该遵守校规。本题考查should表义务。遵守校规是学生的责任和义务，用should，故选B。 8. This book is as ______ as that one. A. good B. better C. best D. well 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这本书和那本书一样好。本题考查as...as同级比较。as...as中间用形容词原级，good为形容词，故选A。 9. He is the ______ boy in our class. A. second tallest B. second taller C. taller D. tallest 【答案】A 【详解】句意：他是我们班第二高的男孩。本题考查“第几+最高级”。“the + 序数词 + 最高级”，tall的最高级为tallest，故选A。 10. ——Could I borrow your dictionary? ——______. A. Yes, you could B. No, you couldn't C. Of course D. That's right 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我能借一下你的字典吗？——当然可以。本题考查对委婉请求的应答。肯定回答常用Of course./Sure./Certainly.等，故选C。 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. You ______ (should) eat too much junk food. It's bad for your health. 【答案】shouldn't 【详解】句意：你不应该吃太多垃圾食品。它对健康有害。本题考查should的否定形式。should的否定式为shouldn't，后接动词原形，故填shouldn't。 2. She ______ (could) speak English very well when she was young. 【答案】could 【详解】句意：她年轻时英语说得很好。本题考查could表过去的能力。when she was young提示过去时，用can的过去式could，故填could。 3. Which is ______ (big), the sun or the moon? 【答案】bigger 【详解】句意：太阳和月亮，哪个更大？本题考查比较级。两者比较用比较级，big的比较级为bigger，故填bigger。 4. She sings ______ (beautiful) in her class. 【答案】(the) most beautifully 【详解】句意：她在班上唱得最美。本题考查副词最高级。in her class提示用最高级，beautifully的最高级为most beautifully，副词前the可省略，故填(the) most beautifully。 5. The weather is getting ______ and ______ (warm). 【答案】warmer; warmer 【详解】句意：天气变得越来越暖和。本题考查“越来越……”结构。warm为单音节词，比较级为warmer，故填warmer; warmer。 6. She is one of ______ (friendly) teachers in our school. 【答案】the friendliest 【详解】句意：她是我们学校最友好的老师之一。本题考查最高级结构。one of the + 最高级 + 可数名词复数，friendly的最高级为friendliest，故填the friendliest。 7. He doesn't run as ______ (fast) as his brother. 【答案】fast 【详解】句意：他跑得不如他哥哥快。本题考查as...as同级比较。as...as中间用副词原级，fast为原级，故填fast。 8. This building is the second ______ (high) in the city. 【答案】highest 【详解】句意：这座建筑是这座城市第二高的。本题考查“第几+最高级”。high的最高级为highest，故填highest。 9. The more you read, the ______ (much) you will learn. 【答案】more 【详解】句意：你读得越多，你学到的就越多。本题考查“越……越……”结构。much的比较级为more，故填more。 10. This box is ______ (a little) heavier than that one. 【答案】a little 【详解】句意：这个箱子比那个稍微重一点。本题考查比较级的修饰词。a little修饰比较级heavier，故填a little。 三、完成句子 1. 我们应该在公共场合保持安静。 We ______ ______ quiet in public places. 【答案】should keep 【详解】句意：我们应该在公共场合保持安静。本题考查should表义务。should后接动词原形keep，故填should keep。 2. 你能帮我修一下电脑吗？ ______ you please help me repair the computer? 【答案】Could 【详解】句意：你能帮我修一下电脑吗？本题考查could表委婉请求。Could you please...? 为固定句型，故填Could。 3. 她是我们班最努力的学生。 She is ______ ______ student in our class. 【答案】the hardest-working 【详解】句意：她是我们班最努力的学生。本题考查最高级。in our class提示用最高级，hard-working的最高级为the hardest-working，故填the hardest-working。 4. Lucy doesn't run as fast as Lily.（改为同义句） Lily ______ ______ than Lucy. 【答案】runs faster 【详解】句意：莉莉跑得比露西快。本题考查同级比较与比较级的转换。not as fast as意为“不如……快”，可转换为“比较级+than”结构，故填runs faster。 5. 你练习得越多，进步就越大。 ______ ______ you practice, ______ ______ progress you will make. 【答案】The more; the greater 【详解】句意：你练习得越多，进步就越大。本题考查“越……越……”结构。“the + 比较级，the + 比较级”，much的比较级为more，great的比较级为greater，故填The more; the greater。 6. He is the tallest boy in our class.（改为同义句） He is ______ than ______ ______ boy in our class. 【答案】taller; any other 【详解】句意：他比我们班其他任何一个男孩都高。本题考查最高级与比较级的转换。最高级可转换为“比较级+than any other+单数名词”，故填taller; any other。 7. 黄河是中国第二长河。 The Yellow River is ______ ______ ______ river in China. 【答案】the second longest 【详解】句意：黄河是中国第二长河。本题考查“第几+最高级”。long的最高级为longest，“第二长”为the second longest，故填the second longest。 8. 我们明天可以去看电影。 We ______ go to the cinema tomorrow. 【答案】could 【详解】句意：我们明天可以去看电影。本题考查could表委婉建议。could表语气温和的建议，故填could。 9. 这本书不如那本书有趣。 This book is ______ ______ ______ as that one. 【答案】not as interesting 【详解】句意：这本书不如那本书有趣。本题考查not as...as同级比较的否定形式。interesting为形容词原级，故填not as interesting。 10. 他和他的哥哥一样高。 He is ______ ______ ______ his elder brother. 【答案】as tall as 【详解】句意：他和他的哥哥一样高。本题考查as...as同级比较。as tall as意为“和……一样高”，故填as tall as。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 八升九英语暑假衔接预习课（新教材人教版） 第八讲 should、could的用法 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级 ◇Part 01 内 容 汇 总 内容 详情 should的用法 用法讲解、即讲即练 could的用法 用法讲解、即讲即练 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级 用法讲解、即讲即练 知识过关练 选择题、填空题、完成句子 ◇Part 02 语 法 知 识 讲 解 一、should的用法 should为情态动词，否定式为shouldn’t，其后接动词原形，无人称和数的变化。疑问句把should提到主语前面。 · 肯定结构：主 + should + 动原+ 其他。 例：I should go.（我该走了。） He should try again.（他应该再试一次。） They should finish it today.（他们今天该做完。） · 否定结构：主 + should + not + 动原+ 其他。 → 缩 shouldn't 例：I shouldn't be late.（我不该迟到。） You shouldn't eat too much.（你不该吃太多。） He shouldn't worry.（他不该担心。） · 一般疑问结构：Should + 主 + 动原+ 其他？ ——Should I go now?（我现在该走吗？） ——Yes, you should. / No, you shouldn't. ——Should he tell her?（他该告诉她吗？） ——Yes, he should. / No, he shouldn't. · 特殊疑问句结构：疑问词 + should + 主 + 动原+ 其他？ What should I do?（我该做什么？） Where should we meet?（我们该在哪碰？） When should he leave?（他该何时走？） Why should I trust you?（我为何该信你？） 即讲即练 一、单项选择题 1. —______ I finish the work today? —No, you ______. You can do it tomorrow. A. Should; mustn't B. Must; needn't C. Should; shouldn't D. Must; mustn't 2. ——______ should we meet at the school gate? ——At 7:30 a.m. A. What B. Where C. When D. Why 二、句型转换 1. You should tell him the truth.（改为否定句） You ______ ______ him the truth. 2. He should try again.（改为一般疑问句） ______ he ______ again? should主要有以下三种用法： （1）should用于表达某种义务或责任，如基于道德、法律或者大家一致的共识上的义务或责任，意为“应该”。 例：We should obey the traffic rules when we cross the road.（我们在过马路时应该遵守交通规则。） Students should arrive at school on time every day.（学生们应该每天按时到校。） You should respect your teachers and parents.（你应该尊敬老师和父母。） 即讲即练 一、单项选择题 1. We ______ wait for the green light when we cross the road. A. could B. might C. should D. would 2. Parents ______ spend more time with their children. A. should B. could C. may D. would 二、完成句子 1. 我们每个人都应该保护环境。 Every one of us ______ ______ the environment. （2）should用于提出某种主观认为合理正确的建议或劝告，意为“应该”。 例：You look tired. You should take a rest and drink some water.（你看起来很累。你应该休息一下，喝点水。） It's going to rain. You should take an umbrella with you.（快要下雨了。你应该带把伞。） If you want to learn English well, you should practice speaking every day.（如果你想学好英语，你应该每天练习说。） 即讲即练 一、单项选择题 1. —I have a bad headache. —You ______ lie down and have a rest. A. should B. could C. would D. might 2. It's going to rain. You ______ take an umbrella with you. A. should B. could C. would D. might 二、完成句子 1. 如果你想通过考试，你应该每天复习功课。 If you want to pass the exam, you ______ ______ your lessons every day. 二、could的用法 could为情态动词，其后接动词原形，无人称和数的变化。有如下用法。 （1）could可以作can的过去式用，表示过去的某种能力。 例：She could play the piano very well when she was only six.（她只有六岁时钢琴就弹得很好了。）——表过去的能力 即讲即练 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. She ______ (can) swim when she was only five years old. 2. In the past, we ______ (can) buy a ticket for just one dollar. 二、单项选择题 1. My grandfather ______ speak three languages when he was young. A. can B. could C. may D. might 2. In those days, people ______ travel by train very cheaply. A. can B. could C. may D. must （2）用于表达语气更为客气、婉转的请求，这时不表示can的过去式。 例：Could you please help me with my math homework?（你能帮我做数学作业吗？）——委婉请求 Could I borrow your pen for a moment?（我能借用一下你的笔吗？）——委婉请求 Excuse me, could you tell me the way to the nearest post office?（打扰一下，你能告诉我去最近的邮局怎么走吗？）——委婉请求 即讲即练 一、单项选择题 1. ——______ I borrow your pen? ——Sure. Here you are. A. Could B. Should C. Must D. Need 2. ——Could you please help me with my math? ——______. A. Yes, I could B. No, I couldn't C. Of course D. That's right 二、句型转换 1. Can you tell me the way to the post office?（改为更委婉的表达） ______ you tell me the way to the post office? （3）could还可以‌提出建议‌，当使用“could”提出建议时，语气更加委婉和礼貌。 例：You could try the new restaurant near our school. The food there is great.（你可以试试我们学校附近的那家新餐馆。那里的食物很棒。）——委婉建议 We could go to the movies tonight if you are free.（如果你有空的话，我们今晚可以去看电影。）——委婉建议 You could ask your teacher for help if you don't understand this problem.（如果你不理解这个问题，你可以向老师求助。）——委婉建议 即讲即练 一、单项选择题 1. We ______ go to the cinema this weekend if you are free. A. could B. should C. must D. need 2. You ______ ask your classmates for help if you have difficulty. A. could B. should C. must D. would 二、完成句子 1. 你可以试试这个新方法，它可能会有所帮助。 You ______ ______ this new method. It might be helpful. 三、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级 1、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的概念 形容词和副词的比较级是用来对两者之间的某方面进行比较，最高级用于三者或三者以上在某方面进行比较，表达“最… …”的意义 。 例：She runs faster than her brother.（她跑得比她哥哥快。）——比较级，两者比较 Mount Qomolangma is the highest mountain in the world.（珠穆朗玛峰是世界上最高的山。）——最高级，三者以上 2、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成 （1）规则变化 构成方法 原级 比较级 最高级 单音节词 和部分双 音节词 一般情况下，比较级词尾加-er,最高级词尾加-est。 smart fast smarter faster smartest fastest 以不发音e结尾的词，比较级词尾加-r,最高级词尾加-st。 large wide larger wider largest widest 重读闭音节词尾只有一个辅音字母时，先双写该辅音字母，然后比较级词尾加-er,最高级词尾加-est。 big fat bigger fatter biggest fattest 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词，先把y改为i,然后比较级词尾加-er,最高级词尾加-est。 easy happy easier happier easiest happiest 多音节词 和部分双 音节词 词前加more构成比较级，词前加most构成最高级。 carefully popular more carefully more popular most carefully most popular 例：This math problem is easier than that one.（这道数学题比那道更容易。） My sister is happier today because she got a new doll.（我妹妹今天更开心，因为她得到了一个新娃娃。） She speaks English more fluently than her classmates.（她说英语比她的同学更流利。） 即讲即练 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. Which subject is ______ (easy), English or Chinese? 2. Tom runs ______ (fast) than any other boy in his class. 3. She is the ______ (careful) student in our class. 4. The weather is getting ______ (hot) and ______ (hot). 5. She sings ______ (beautiful) in her school. 二、单项选择题 1. This problem is ______ than that one. A. easy B. easier C. easiest D. more easy 2. He is one of ______ boys in our class. A. tall B. taller C. tallest D. the tallest （2）不规则变化 常见不规则的例子： 原级 比较级 最高级 good/well better best bad/badly worse worst many/much more most little less least 例：She sings better than her sister.（她唱歌比她姐姐唱得好。）——well的比较级 The weather today is even worse than yesterday.（今天的天气甚至比昨天更糟。）——bad的比较级 即讲即练 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. She dances ______ (well) than her sister. 2. He is the ______ (bad) singer in the competition. 3. She ate ______ (little) food of the three girls. 4. He has ______ (many) books than I do. 二、单项选择题 1. The weather today is even ______ than yesterday. A. bad B. worse C. worst D. more bad 2. Who runs ______ in your class? A. fast B. faster C. fastest D. the fastest 3、形容词和副词的比较级的用法 （1）对两者进行比较 常用结构为： “A + be 动词 / 实义动词 + 比较级 + than + B” 。 例句：Beijing is larger than Shanghai?（北京比上海更大吗？） This apple is sweeter than that one.（这个苹果比那个更甜。） She gets up earlier than her brother every morning.（她每天早上比她哥哥起得更早。） （2）表达“越来越……” 常用结构“比较级+and+比较级”，多音节和部分双音节词用“more and more+原级” 例句：The weather is getting warmer and warmer in spring.（春天天气变得越来越暖和了。） Our school is becoming more and more beautiful.（我们的学校变得越来越美丽了。） The young trees grow taller and taller.（这些小树长得越来越高。） （3）表达“越……越……” 常用结构：“the+比较级...，the+比较级...” 例句：The more you read, the more you will learn.（你读得越多，你学到的就越多。） The harder you study, the better grades you will get.（你学习越努力，你取得的成绩就越好。） The more exercise we do, the healthier we will be.（我们锻炼越多，我们就越健康。） 即讲即练 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. My sister is two years ______ (young) than me. 2. The ______ (much) you practice, the ______ (good) you will become. 3. Our city is becoming ______ and ______ (beautiful). 4. She gets up ______ (early) than her brother. 二、单项选择题 1. This movie is ______ than the one we saw last week. A. interesting B. more interesting C. most interesting D. the most interesting 2. The more exercise you do, ______ you will be. A. healthy B. healthier C. the healthier D. the healthiest 4、 形容词和副词的最高级的用法 （1）表示三者或以上“最......”，如果要说明范围，可用of、in、among。 基本结构：A+be /实义动词+形容词/副词最高级+of/in/among… 例句：She is the tallest in her family. 她是家里最高的。 This is the best book. 这是最好的一本书。 【注意】形容词最高级的前面一般要加定冠词the，副词最高级前的the可以省去。 例：He is the cleverest boy in the family.（他是家里最聪明的男孩。）——形容词最高级，用the She sings (the) most beautifully in her class.（她在班上唱得最美。）——副词最高级，the可省略 （2）用于结构“one of the +形容词最高级+可数名词复数”中，表达“最…… 之一” 例句：Beijing is one of the largest cities in the world.（北京是世界上最大的城市之一。） This is one of the most beautiful parks in our city.（这是我们城市最美丽的公园之一。） She is one of the kindest teachers in our school.（她是我们学校最和蔼的老师之一。） （3）表达 “第二、第三…… ” 时，结构为：the + 序数词 + 最高级。 例如：The Yangtze River is the third longest river in the world.（长江是世界第三长河。） She is the second tallest girl in our class.（她是班上第二高的女孩。） This is the second most expensive camera in the store.（这是店里第二贵的相机。） 即讲即练 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. Mount Qomolangma is ______ (high) mountain in the world. 2. She is one of ______ (kind) teachers in our school. 3. The Yellow River is the second ______ (long) river in China. 4. Among all the boys, Tom jumped ______ (far). 二、单项选择题 1. This is one of ______ parks in our city. A. beautiful B. more beautiful C. most beautiful D. the most beautiful 2. She is ______ girl in her class. A. the second tallest B. the second taller C. second tallest D. second taller 5、比较级和最高级的修饰 （1）比较级常见的修饰词有： much（显著）、far（远超）、a little（轻微）、a bit（些许）、twice（两倍）、three times（三倍）等。 例：This question is much more difficult than that one.（这个问题比那个难得多。）——much修饰比较级 She is far more careful than her brother.（她比她哥哥细心得多。）——far修饰比较级 It's a little colder today than yesterday.（今天比昨天稍微冷一点。）——a little修饰比较级 （2）最高级常见的修饰词有：by far（显著）、almost（几乎）、nearly（接近）等。 例句：She is by far the best singer in our school.（她显然是我们学校最好的歌手。）——by far修饰最高级 This is almost the most difficult problem in the exam.（这几乎是考试中最难的问题。）——almost修饰最高级 He is nearly the tallest boy in the class.（他几乎是班上最高的男孩。）——nearly修饰最高级 即讲即练 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. This problem is ______ (much) difficult than that one. 2. She is ______ (far) the best student in our class. 3. It's ______ (a little) colder today than yesterday. 二、单项选择题 1. This box is ______ heavier than that one. A. many B. much C. more D. most 2. The room is a bit ______ than before. A. dark B. darker C. darkest D. the darkest 3. This is by far ______ book I have ever read. A. good B. better C. best D. the best 【拓展】as ... as句型的用法 as ... as句型可以用来表示两者在某一方面相同或者一方不如另一方。 （1）“as +形容词或副词原形+ as”表示两者在某一方面相同时。 例：This book is as interesting as that one.（这本书和那本书一样有趣。） Lucy runs as fast as Lily.（露西跑得和莉莉一样快。） （2）“not as / so +形容词或副词原形+ as”表示一方在某一方面不及另一方。 例：This book is not as interesting as that one.（这本书不如那本书有趣。） Tom is not so tall as his brother.（汤姆不如他哥哥高。） 即讲即练 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. This book is as ______ (interest) as that one. 2. He doesn't run so ______ (fast) as his brother. 二、单项选择题 1. Lucy is ______ as Lily. A. as tall B. as taller C. so tall D. so taller 2. This movie is not ______ interesting as that one. A. as B. so C. too D. very 3. Tom doesn't work ______ hard ______ Jack. A. as; so B. so; as C. as; than D. so; than ◇Part 03 知 识 过 关 练 一、单项选择题 1. You look tired. You ______ have a good rest. A. should B. could C. would D. might 2. ______ you please pass me that pen? A. Should B. Could C. Must D. Need 3. She ______ play the piano very well when she was seven. A. can B. could C. may D. might 4. Shanghai is one of ______ cities in the world. A. big B. bigger C. biggest D. the biggest 5. The harder you study, ______ grades you will get. A. good B. better C. the better D. the best 6. This problem is ______ than that one. A. much easier B. much easy C. more easier D. much more easier 7. As students, we ______ obey the school rules. A. could B. should C. may D. might 8. This book is as ______ as that one. A. good B. better C. best D. well 9. He is the ______ boy in our class. A. second tallest B. second taller C. taller D. tallest 10. ——Could I borrow your dictionary? ——______. A. Yes, you could B. No, you couldn't C. Of course D. That's right 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. You ______ (should) eat too much junk food. It's bad for your health. 2. She ______ (could) speak English very well when she was young. 3. Which is ______ (big), the sun or the moon? 4. She sings ______ (beautiful) in her class. 5. The weather is getting ______ and ______ (warm). 6. She is one of ______ (friendly) teachers in our school. 7. He doesn't run as ______ (fast) as his brother. 8. This building is the second ______ (high) in the city. 9. The more you read, the ______ (much) you will learn. 10. This box is ______ (a little) heavier than that one. 三、完成句子 1. 我们应该在公共场合保持安静。 We ______ ______ quiet in public places. 2. 你能帮我修一下电脑吗？ ______ you please help me repair the computer? 3. 她是我们班最努力的学生。 She is ______ ______ student in our class. 4. Lucy doesn't run as fast as Lily.（改为同义句） Lily ______ ______ than Lucy. 5. 你练习得越多，进步就越大。 ______ ______ you practice, ______ ______ progress you will make. 6. He is the tallest boy in our class.（改为同义句） He is ______ than ______ ______ boy in our class. 7. 黄河是中国第二长河。 The Yellow River is ______ ______ ______ river in China. 8. 我们明天可以去看电影。 We ______ go to the cinema tomorrow. 9. 这本书不如那本书有趣。 This book is ______ ______ ______ as that one. 10. 他和他的哥哥一样高。 He is ______ ______ ______ his elder brother. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $