Unit 5 Revealing nature 过去完成时（单元核心语法精练）英语外研版2019选择性必修第一册

Unit 5 Revealing nature 核心语法精练(过去完成时) 目录 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 4 一、单句语法填空（词汇句式全考查） 4 二、句型转换 8 三、翻译句子 11 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 13 题型一 语篇语法填空（课文改编） 13 题型二 语篇语法填空（模考真题） 14 一、单句语法填空（词汇句式全考查） 1. By the time he arrived at the airport, the plane ______ (take) off. 2. The teacher said that she ______ (teach) English for 20 years by the end of that year. 3. He told me that he ______ (not see) his old friend for a long time. 4. When I got home, my mother ______ (cook) dinner already. 5. The film ______ (begin) when we arrived at the cinema. 6. She said that she ______ (visit) the Great Wall twice before. 7. I realized that I ______ (leave) my keys at home after I got to the office. 8. By the end of last term, we ______ (learn) about 1,000 English words. 9. The boy admitted that he ______ (break) the window. 10. After he ______ (finish) his homework, he went out to play. 11. I thought I ______ (meet) him before. 12. She told me that she ______ (not go) to the party because she was ill. 13. When we got to the station, the train ______ (be) away for 20 minutes. 14. He said that he ______ (work) in that factory since 1998. 15. Hardly ______ he ______ (arrive) home when it began to rain. 16. No sooner ______ they ______ (reach) the top of the hill than they all sat down to rest. 17. It was the first time that I ______ (see) such a beautiful sunset. 18. She looked as if she ______ (cry) for a long time. 19. If I ______ (know) his address, I would have visited him. 20. I wish I ______ (study) harder when I was in school. 二、句型转换 1. 原句：He had finished his homework before his mother came back.（改为否定句） 2. 原句：She said, “I have seen the film.”（改为间接引语） 3. 原句：The train had left when we got to the station.（对“when we got to the station”提问） 4. 原句：By the end of last year, they had built three new schools.（改为一般疑问句） 5. 原句：He had been waiting for the bus for 20 minutes when I saw him.（对“for 20 minutes”提问） 6. 原句：I had never seen such a beautiful place before I visited Guilin.（改为同义句） 7. 原句：She had written five letters by 10 o'clock yesterday.（对“five”提问） 8. 原句：The film had already started when we entered the cinema.（改为反意疑问句） 9. 原句：He said, “I will go to Beijing tomorrow.”（改为间接引语，用过去完成时相关结构） 10. 原句：We had learned 2,000 English words by the end of last term.（对“2,000 English words”提问） 11. 原句：She had been living in this city for 5 years before she moved to another city.（改为同义句） 12. 原句：They had a good time at the party last night.（用过去完成时改写，假设他们在到达派对前已经期待很久） 13. 原句：He had worked in that company for 10 years.（对“for 10 years”提问） 14. 原句：The accident had happened before the police arrived.（改为强调句，强调时间状语before the police arrived ） 15. 原句：I had finished my homework, and then I watched TV.（合并为一句，用after引导时间状语从句） 三、翻译句子 1. 到上学期末，我们已经学习了五篇英语课文。 2. 她告诉我她之前从未去过那个城市。 3. 当我到达教室时，同学们已经开始做实验了。 4. 他说他已经完成了他的报告。 5. 老师进来之前，学生们一直在大声说话。 6. 我以为我之前见过他，但我不确定。 7. 她到达机场时，飞机已经起飞一个小时了。 8. 我们到达山顶时，太阳已经升起了。 9. 他刚到家，就开始下雨了。 10. 这是我第一次看这么精彩的电影。 11. 要是我早知道这个消息，我就会告诉你了。 12. 她看起来好像已经哭了很久。 13. 我希望我在学校时学习更努力些。 14. 到昨天晚上为止，他已经写了两封信。 15. 他们离开教室前，已经关了灯。 题型一 语篇语法填空（课文改编） 1. Reading Charles Darwin was a geologist and naturalist, 1.______ (fascinate) by rocks, plants and animals. He started his journey on the Beagle in 1831, 2.______ the age of 22. As he studied the samples on the ship, he raised a question: how did different species come 3.______ (exist)? At that time, people believed that all species had appeared on Earth at the same time and 4.______ (not change) since. However, Darwin wasn't convinced. He wanted to look for evidence 5.______ (prove) this view was wrong. On the Galápagos Islands, Darwin noticed the differences between the finches. Their beaks seemed 6.______ (evolve). He suspected the finches had evolved from earlier ancestors. After a long time of study, he 7.______ (eventual) proposed a theory about evolution — living things had evolved from lower forms of life. Darwin's book On the Origin of Species, 8.______ (publish) in 1859, was a huge success. It was so revolutionary that it 9.______ (regard) as one of the most important works in the history of science. His ideas 10.______ (challenge) traditional beliefs and opened a new era of scientific thinking. 2. Extended reading Have you ever thought that plants can communicate 1.______ each other? Scientists have made some amazing 2.______ (discover) in this field. It turns out that plants use 3.______ variety of methods to “talk”. For example, when a plant 4.______ (attack) by insects, it can release chemicals into the air. These chemicals are like a warning signal 5.______ other plants nearby can “receive”. Then the neighboring plants start to produce substances 6.______ (make) their leaves taste bad to the insects. Plants can also communicate through a network of fungi in the soil, 7.______ (call) the “wood wide web”. Through this network, they can share nutrients and information. Some trees even seem to take care of 8.______ (they) young by sending them more nutrients. Moreover, research has shown that plants can respond 9.______ sound. For instance, some plants can tell the difference between the sound of water 10.______ the wind. They may adjust their growth or other activities according to these sounds. Although we still have a lot 11.______ (learn) about how plants communicate, these findings have changed our understanding of the plant world. Maybe one day, we will be able to “talk” with plants 12.______ (direct) and understand their “language”. 题型二 语篇语法填空（模考真题） A （2024·广东·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In Beijing’s Dongcheng District, there is a small studio called “I’m Mr. Chu”, 1 the visitors can appreciate more than 100 types of traditional handmade paper, 2 (show) the charm of the ancient skills and various cultures in different regions in China. So far, Cui Zhenshuo and Yang Bo, founders of the studio, 3 (collect) more than 500 types of Chinese handmade paper in 4 (exist). On their journey, Cui and Yang discovered that due to the remote locations of most paper workshops and traditional lifestyles of the paper-making craftsmen (手艺人), the 5 (product) are unable to reach the market 6 (direct). Therefore, Cui and Yang came up with the idea of establishing their own studio that could serve as a bridge to connect rural workshops with buyers 7 be a platform to promote traditional Chinese handmade paper. The two began to launch the series of handmade paper samples since 2021. Each volume consists 8 30 types of handmade paper, each of which 9 (source) from its place of origin. At present, two volumes of the series have been produced, and they plan 10 (finish) 10 volumes. “We hope that this series can provide information for those who need handmade paper,” said Cui. 【答案】 1. where 2. showing 3. have collected 4. existence 5. products 6. directly 7. and 8. of 9. is sourced 10. to finish 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了北京东城区的一个名为“我是楮先生”的关于传统手工纸的小工作室。 1. 考查定语从句。句意：在北京东城区，有一个名为“我是楮先生”的小工作室，游客可以在这里欣赏到100多种传统手工纸，展示了中国不同地区古老技艺和各种文化的魅力。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是studio，在从句中作地点状语。故填where。 2. 考查非谓语动词。句意：在北京东城区，有一个名为“我是楮先生”的小工作室，游客可以在这里欣赏到100多种传统手工纸，展示了中国不同地区古老技艺和各种文化的魅力。此处为非谓语语动词作状语，show与 逻辑主语studio之间是主动关系，所以此处使用现在分词短语作状语。故填showing。 3. 考查时态。句意：到目前为止，工作室的创始人崔振硕和杨波已经收集了500多种现存的中国手工纸。此处为谓语动词，根据时间状语so far可知，用现在完成时，主语为复数。故填have collected。 4. 考查名词。句意：到目前为止，工作室的创始人崔振硕和杨波已经收集了500多种现存的中国手工纸。此处为名词作宾语，exist的名词为existence意为“存在”。故填existence。 5. 考查名词。句意：在旅途中，崔和杨发现，由于大多数纸厂地处偏远，加上造纸工匠的传统生活方式，产品无法直接进入市场。根据谓语动词are可知，此处应用复数名词作主语。故填products。 6. 考查副词。句意：在旅途中，崔和杨发现，由于大多数纸厂地处偏远，加上造纸工匠的传统生活方式，产品无法直接进入市场。此处应用副词作状语，修饰动词reach。故填directly。 7. 考查连词。句意：因此，崔和杨想到了建立自己的工作室，作为连接农村作坊和买家的桥梁，并成为推广中国传统手工纸的平台。根据句意可知，空处前后文为并列关系，用and连接。故填and。 8. 考查介词。句意：每卷由30种手工纸组成，每一种都来自其原产地。此处为固定短语consist of意为“由……组成”，所以此处使用介词of。故填of。 9. 考查动词时态和语态。句意：每卷由30种手工纸组成，每一种都来自其原产地。此处为谓语动词，source与each of which之间是动宾关系，根据主句谓语动词时态可知，此处应用一般现在时，且主语为单数意义。故填 is sourced。 10. 考查非谓语动词。句意：目前，该系列已经出版了两卷，他们计划完成10卷。此处为非谓语动词作宾语，根据plan to do sth.意为“计划做某事”可知，此处使用动词不定式作宾语。故填to finish。 B （2024·广东佛山·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词，或括号内单词的正确形式。 The much-loved cartoon about Bluey, a seven-year-old dog, has been a worldwide phenomenon since it launched back in 2018. Its story is a deep reflection on change. Besides laugh-out-loud moments, it also contains serious elements — scenes of parenting situations that will be 1 (painful) familiar to any families, as well as inferences to major life events like death, 2 (marry) and divorce. It’s about exploring the adult world with the excitement of childhood, which 3 (land) Bluey an International Emmy award in 2019. What viewers won’t have predicted will be how much this episode is influenced by Taoist (道家) philosophy, 4 ancient Chinese belief system which is based on trying to live 5 harmony with the universe. When Bluey sadly tells her classmates she’s moving away, her teacher Calypso reads a story 6 (call) The Farmer. In the story, each time, the neighbours ask the farmer it’s “good luck” or “bad luck”. Every time, the farmer simply replies: “we’ll see”, and the story ends abruptly. “Is it a happy 7 sad ending?” asks Bluey afterwards. “It’s both,” says Calypso. “I don’t understand,” says Bluey. “Everything will work out the way it’s supposed to, Bluey,” she replies. The story is actually an old tale that first originated in the Huainanzi, an ancient Chinese text 8 (date) back to 139 BC． It reminds people that we have no control or no real way of knowing whether events that happen to us are “good” or “bad”. All we can be certain of is that change is 9 (avoidable), but being open to change and 10 (trust) that things will work out for the best is the best way to handle it. 【答案】 1. painfully 2. marriage 3. landed 4. an 5. in 6. called 7. or 8. dating 9. unavoidable 10. trusting 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了动画片《布鲁伊》。 1. 考查副词。句意：除了开怀大笑的时刻，它还包含了严肃的元素——对任何家庭来说都是痛苦熟悉的育儿场景，以及对死亡、结婚和离婚等重大生活事件的推断。空处修饰形容词familiar，应用副词形式，故填painfully。 2. 考查名词。句意：同上。空处和名词death以及divorce并列作like的宾语，应填名词marriage，故填marriage。 3. 考查一般过去时。句意：它是关于用童年的兴奋探索成人世界的，这让《布鲁伊》在2019年获得了国际艾美奖。根据时间状语“in 2019”可知此处使用一般过去时，故填landed。 4. 考查冠词。句意：观众们无法预料的是，这一集受到道教哲学的影响有多大，道教是一种古老的中国信仰体系，其基础是试图与宇宙和谐相处。此处泛指“一种古老的中国信仰体系”，应使用不定冠词，ancient是以元音音素开头，故填an。 5. 考查介词。句意：同上。live in harmony with“与……和谐共处”，固定短语，故填in。 6. 考查非谓语动词。句意：当Bluey悲伤地告诉她的同学她要搬走时，她的老师Calypso给她读了一个叫做《农民》的故事。call和story之间是被动关系，使用过去分词作后置定语，故填called。 7. 考查连词。句意：“结局是快乐的还是悲伤的？”Bluey事后问道。happy和sad之间是选择关系，使用or连接，故填or。 8. 考查非谓语动词。句意：这个故事实际上是一个古老的故事，最早起源于公元前139年的中国古代文献《淮南子》。date back to和text之间是主谓关系，使用现在分词作后置定语，故填dating。 9. 考查形容词。句意：我们所能确定的是，变化是不可避免的，但对变化持开放态度并相信事情会有最好的结果是处理它的最好方法。空处应填形容词作表语，结合下文的转折“but being open to change”可知，此处指“变化是不可避免的”，使用形容词unavoidable，故填unavoidable。 10. 考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。空处和being并列作主语，应用动名词形式，故填trusting。 C 【来源】青海省部分名校2023-2024学年高二下学期期末联考英语试题 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Morals and virtues are like a compass (指南针) 1 guides us in making good choices and doing the right thing. Morals are about knowing the difference between right and wrong, while virtues are good qualities or habits we should have. When we face a moral dilemma, it’s 2 (challenge) to determine the right action to take. In these times, we can rely on our morals to help us choose 3 (wise). For example, being kind, honest, and fair are important moral values that can guide our actions. Virtues, such as 4 (patient), courage, and generosity, help us become better people. They are like strengths we can develop 5 (face) challenges and treat others with respect. When we show virtues in our daily lives, we inspire those around us to do the same. In relationships like marriage or friendships, morals and virtues play 6 important role. Respect, trust, and loyalty are virtues that build strong connections and foster harmony. When 7 (conflict) arise, relying on moral principles and virtues can help us resolve differences peacefully. It’s also important to pass on these values to the next generation. Teaching children about morals and virtues from a young age 8 (set) a strong foundation for their character development. By practicing kindness, honesty, and empathy, we can create a more compassionate and understanding society. Morals and virtues are essential tools for navigating (导航) life’s challenges and 9 (create) a better world for ourselves and others. With good values, we can build stronger relationships, make wiser choices, and contribute positively 10 our communities. 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 5 Revealing nature 核心语法精练(过去完成时) 目录 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 4 一、单句语法填空（词汇句式全考查） 4 二、句型转换 8 三、翻译句子 11 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 13 题型一 语篇语法填空（课文改编） 13 题型二 语篇语法填空（模考真题） 14 一、单句语法填空（词汇句式全考查） 1. By the time he arrived at the airport, the plane ______ (take) off. 2. The teacher said that she ______ (teach) English for 20 years by the end of that year. 3. He told me that he ______ (not see) his old friend for a long time. 4. When I got home, my mother ______ (cook) dinner already. 5. The film ______ (begin) when we arrived at the cinema. 6. She said that she ______ (visit) the Great Wall twice before. 7. I realized that I ______ (leave) my keys at home after I got to the office. 8. By the end of last term, we ______ (learn) about 1,000 English words. 9. The boy admitted that he ______ (break) the window. 10. After he ______ (finish) his homework, he went out to play. 11. I thought I ______ (meet) him before. 12. She told me that she ______ (not go) to the party because she was ill. 13. When we got to the station, the train ______ (be) away for 20 minutes. 14. He said that he ______ (work) in that factory since 1998. 15. Hardly ______ he ______ (arrive) home when it began to rain. 16. No sooner ______ they ______ (reach) the top of the hill than they all sat down to rest. 17. It was the first time that I ______ (see) such a beautiful sunset. 18. She looked as if she ______ (cry) for a long time. 19. If I ______ (know) his address, I would have visited him. 20. I wish I ______ (study) harder when I was in school. 答案： 1. 详解：“by the time + 一般过去时”表示“到过去某个时间为止”，主句常用过去完成时，表示在该时间之前已经完成的动作。飞机起飞发生在他到达机场之前，所以填had taken。 2. 详解：“by the end of + 过去时间”作时间状语，句子要用过去完成时，这里表示到那年年底她教英语将达20年，强调动作的持续，所以填had been teaching。 3. 详解：主句谓语told是过去式，从句动作“没见到老朋友”发生在“告诉”之前，即“过去的过去”，所以用过去完成时hadn't seen。 4. 详解：got home是过去的动作，妈妈做完晚饭在这之前，应用过去完成时，故填had cooked。 5. 详解：arrived是过去的动作，电影开始在我们到达之前，要用过去完成时，所以填had begun。 6. 详解：主句said是过去式，从句中“参观长城两次”发生在“说”之前，用过去完成时，填had visited。 7. 详解：got to the office是过去的动作，“把钥匙落在家里”发生在这之前，所以用过去完成时had left。 8. 详解：“by the end of last term”表示“到上学期末为止”，是过去的时间点，强调在这个时间点之前完成的动作，用过去完成时，填had learned。 9. 详解：admitted是过去式，“打破窗户”发生在“承认”之前，要用过去完成时，所以填had broken。 10. 详解：在after引导的时间状语从句中，当主从句动作先后发生时，从句常用一般过去时代替过去完成时， 11. 这里也可填had finished，但用finished更简洁，故填finished。 12. 详解：thought是过去式，“之前见过他”发生在“认为”之前，所以用过去完成时had met。 13. 详解：主句told是过去式，从句中“没去参加派对”发生在“告诉”之前，用过去完成时，填hadn't gone。 14. 详解：got to the station是过去的动作，火车离开发生在这之前，且有“for 20 minutes”表示时间段，强调动作的持续，用过去完成时的延续性形式had been away 。 15. 详解：主句said是过去式，从句中有“since 1998”，表示从过去某一时间开始一直持续到过去另一个时间的动作，用过去完成进行时，所以填had been working。 16. 详解：hardly...when...结构中，hardly位于句首，主句要用部分倒装，且主句常用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时，所以填had; arrived。 17. 详解：no sooner...than...结构中，no sooner位于句首，主句要用部分倒装，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时，所以填had; reached。 18. 详解：在“It was the first/second...time that...”结构中，that从句要用过去完成时，所以填had seen。 19. 详解：as if引导的从句表示与过去事实相反的情况，用过去完成时，所以填had cried。 20. 详解：这是一个与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，从句用过去完成时，所以填had known。 21. 详解：wish后的宾语从句表示与过去事实相反的愿望，用过去完成时，所以填had studied。 二、句型转换 1. 原句：He had finished his homework before his mother came back.（改为否定句） 2. 原句：She said, “I have seen the film.”（改为间接引语） 3. 原句：The train had left when we got to the station.（对“when we got to the station”提问） 4. 原句：By the end of last year, they had built three new schools.（改为一般疑问句） 5. 原句：He had been waiting for the bus for 20 minutes when I saw him.（对“for 20 minutes”提问） 6. 原句：I had never seen such a beautiful place before I visited Guilin.（改为同义句） 7. 原句：She had written five letters by 10 o'clock yesterday.（对“five”提问） 8. 原句：The film had already started when we entered the cinema.（改为反意疑问句） 9. 原句：He said, “I will go to Beijing tomorrow.”（改为间接引语，用过去完成时相关结构） 10. 原句：We had learned 2,000 English words by the end of last term.（对“2,000 English words”提问） 11. 原句：She had been living in this city for 5 years before she moved to another city.（改为同义句） 12. 原句：They had a good time at the party last night.（用过去完成时改写，假设他们在到达派对前已经期待很久） 13. 原句：He had worked in that company for 10 years.（对“for 10 years”提问） 14. 原句：The accident had happened before the police arrived.（改为强调句，强调时间状语before the police arrived ） 15. 原句：I had finished my homework, and then I watched TV.（合并为一句，用after引导时间状语从句） 答案： 1.转换句：He hadn't finished his homework before his mother came back. 详解：过去完成时的否定句是在had后加not，即hadn't。 2.转换句：She said that she had seen the film. 详解：直接引语变间接引语时，若主句是一般过去时，从句的现在完成时要变为过去完成时。 3.转换句：When had the train left? 详解：对时间状语提问用when，然后把原句剩余部分变为一般疑问句，将had提到主语the train前。 4.转换句：Had they built three new schools by the end of last year? 详解：过去完成时的一般疑问句是把had提到句首。 5.转换句：How long had he been waiting for the bus when you saw him? 详解：对时间段提问用how long，将原句剩余部分变为一般疑问句，注意人称的变化，I变为you。 6.转换句：Before I visited Guilin, I had never seen such a beautiful place. 详解：将时间状语从句before I visited Guilin位置提前，句子意思不变。 7.转换句：How many letters had she written by 10 o'clock yesterday? 详解：对数量提问，若后面是可数名词复数，用how many，然后把原句剩余部分变为一般疑问句。 8.转换句：The film had already started when we entered the cinema, hadn't it? 详解：过去完成时的反意疑问句，前肯后否，用hadn't + 主语。 9.转换句：He said that he would go to Beijing the next day.（这里主要是时态和人称等常规变化，在涉及过去完成时语境时，若直接引语是一般将来时，间接引语变为过去将来时） 详解：直接引语变间接引语，主句是过去时，从句一般将来时变为过去将来时，tomorrow变为the next day。 10.转换句：What had you learned by the end of last term? 详解：对宾语提问用what，把原句剩余部分变为一般疑问句，注意人称变化，we变为you。 11.转换句：Before she moved to another city, she had lived in this city for 5 years. 详解：可将持续性动作的过去完成进行时改为过去完成时，强调动作持续，意思不变，同时把时间状语从句提前。 12.转换句：They had been looking forward to the party for a long time before they had a good time at it last night. 详解：根据要求添加过去完成进行时的动作，表示在过去动作之前一直持续的期待，然后加上原句内容。 13.转换句：How long had he worked in that company? 详解：对时间段提问用how long，然后将原句剩余部分变为一般疑问句。 14.转换句：It was before the police arrived that the accident had happened. 详解：强调句结构为It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 其他部分，这里强调时间状语，用that。 15.转换句：After I had finished my homework, I watched TV. 详解：after引导时间状语从句，注意从句用过去完成时，主句用一般过去时，体现动作先后顺序。 三、翻译句子 1. 到上学期末，我们已经学习了五篇英语课文。 2. 她告诉我她之前从未去过那个城市。 3. 当我到达教室时，同学们已经开始做实验了。 4. 他说他已经完成了他的报告。 5. 老师进来之前，学生们一直在大声说话。 6. 我以为我之前见过他，但我不确定。 7. 她到达机场时，飞机已经起飞一个小时了。 8. 我们到达山顶时，太阳已经升起了。 9. 他刚到家，就开始下雨了。 10. 这是我第一次看这么精彩的电影。 11. 要是我早知道这个消息，我就会告诉你了。 12. 她看起来好像已经哭了很久。 13. 我希望我在学校时学习更努力些。 14. 到昨天晚上为止，他已经写了两封信。 15. 他们离开教室前，已经关了灯。 【答案】 1.译文：By the end of last term, we had learned five English texts. 详解：“by the end of last term”是过去完成时的标志，“学习”用learn，其过去完成时形式是had learned 。 2.译文：She told me that she had never been to that city before. 详解：“告诉”用told，是过去式，从句中“从未去过”发生在“告诉”之前，用过去完成时had never been to 。 3.译文：When I arrived at the classroom, my classmates had already started doing the experiment. 详解：“到达”用arrived，是过去式，“开始做实验”发生在“到达”之前，用过去完成时had started，“做实验”用do the experiment ，start doing sth.表示“开始做某事”。 4.译文：He said that he had completed his report. 详解：“说”用said，过去式，“完成报告”在“说”之前，用过去完成时had completed 。 5.译文：Before the teacher came in, the students had been talking loudly. 详解：“进来”用came in，过去式，“一直在大声说话”强调动作从过去某时开始一直持续到老师进来这个过去的时间，用过去完成进行时had been talking 。 6.译文：I thought I had met him before, but I wasn't sure. 详解：“以为”用thought，过去式，“见过他”在“以为”之前，用过去完成时had met 。 7.译文：When she arrived at the airport, the plane had been away for an hour. 详解：“到达”用arrived，过去式，“起飞”发生在“到达”之前，且“for an hour”表示时间段，用过去完成时的延续性形式had been away 。 8.译文：When we reached the top of the mountain, the sun had already risen. 详解：“到达”用reached，过去式，“升起”发生在“到达”之前，用过去完成时had risen 。 9.译文：Hardly had he arrived home when it began to rain. / No sooner had he arrived home than it began to rain. 详解：用hardly...when...或no sooner...than...结构，主句用过去完成时，且要部分倒装，从句用一般过去时。 10.译文：It was the first time that I had seen such a wonderful movie. 详解：在“It was the first/second...time that...”结构中，从句要用过去完成时 。 11.译文：If I had known the news, I would have told you. 详解：这是与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，从句用过去完成时，主句用“would have done”结构。 12.译文：She looked as if she had cried for a long time. 详解：as if引导的从句表示与过去事实相反的情况，用过去完成时 。 13.译文：I wish I had studied harder when I was in school. 详解：wish后的宾语从句表示与过去事实相反的愿望，用过去完成时 。 14.译文：By last night, he had written two letters. 详解：“by last night”是过去完成时的标志，“写”用write，过去完成时形式是had written 。 15.译文：Before they left the classroom, they had turned off the lights. 详解：“离开”用left，过去式，“关灯”发生在“离开”之前，用过去完成时had turned off 。 题型一 语篇语法填空（课文改编） 1. Reading Charles Darwin was a geologist and naturalist, 1.______ (fascinate) by rocks, plants and animals. He started his journey on the Beagle in 1831, 2.______ the age of 22. As he studied the samples on the ship, he raised a question: how did different species come 3.______ (exist)? At that time, people believed that all species had appeared on Earth at the same time and 4.______ (not change) since. However, Darwin wasn't convinced. He wanted to look for evidence 5.______ (prove) this view was wrong. On the Galápagos Islands, Darwin noticed the differences between the finches. Their beaks seemed 6.______ (evolve). He suspected the finches had evolved from earlier ancestors. After a long time of study, he 7.______ (eventual) proposed a theory about evolution — living things had evolved from lower forms of life. Darwin's book On the Origin of Species, 8.______ (publish) in 1859, was a huge success. It was so revolutionary that it 9.______ (regard) as one of the most important works in the history of science. His ideas 10.______ (challenge) traditional beliefs and opened a new era of scientific thinking. 【答案】 1. 答案：fascinated 详解：be fascinated by表示“对……着迷”，此处用过去分词fascinated作后置定语，修饰Charles Darwin，故填fascinated。 2. 答案：at 详解：at the age of是固定短语，表示“在……岁时”，故填at。 3. 答案：to exist 详解：come to do sth.表示“开始做某事，逐渐做某事”，故填to exist。 4. 答案：hadn't changed 详解：根据前面的“had appeared”以及“since”可知，此处表示从过去某一时间开始一直持续到过去另一时间的动作，用过去完成时，否定形式是hadn't changed，故填hadn't changed。 5. 答案：to prove 详解：此处用动词不定式to prove作目的状语，表示“为了证明”，故填to prove。 6. 答案：to have evolved 详解：seem to have done表示“似乎已经做了某事”，强调动作已经发生，故填to have evolved。 7. 答案：eventually 详解：修饰动词proposed，用副词形式，eventual的副词是eventually，意为“最终，终于”，故填eventually。 8. 答案：published 详解：publish与On the Origin of Species之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词published作后置定语，修饰On the Origin of Species，故填published。 9. 答案：was regarded 详解：be regarded as表示“被认为是……”，句子描述过去的事情，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语it是单数，所以填was regarded。 10. 答案：challenged 详解：and连接并列谓语，opened是过去式，所以challenge也用过去式challenged，故填challenged。 2. Extended reading Have you ever thought that plants can communicate 1.______ each other? Scientists have made some amazing 2.______ (discover) in this field. It turns out that plants use 3.______ variety of methods to “talk”. For example, when a plant 4.______ (attack) by insects, it can release chemicals into the air. These chemicals are like a warning signal 5.______ other plants nearby can “receive”. Then the neighboring plants start to produce substances 6.______ (make) their leaves taste bad to the insects. Plants can also communicate through a network of fungi in the soil, 7.______ (call) the “wood wide web”. Through this network, they can share nutrients and information. Some trees even seem to take care of 8.______ (they) young by sending them more nutrients. Moreover, research has shown that plants can respond 9.______ sound. For instance, some plants can tell the difference between the sound of water 10.______ the wind. They may adjust their growth or other activities according to these sounds. Although we still have a lot 11.______ (learn) about how plants communicate, these findings have changed our understanding of the plant world. Maybe one day, we will be able to “talk” with plants 12.______ (direct) and understand their “language”. 【答案】 1. 答案：with 详解：communicate with sb./sth.是固定短语，表示“与……交流”，故填with。 2. 答案：discoveries 详解：make discoveries表示“做出发现”，discovery是可数名词，some后接可数名词复数，故填discoveries。 3. 答案：a 详解：a variety of是固定短语，表示“各种各样的”，故填a。 4. 答案：is attacked 详解：plant与attack之间是被动关系，用被动语态，句子描述一般事实，用一般现在时的被动语态，主语a plant是单数，所以填is attacked。 5. 答案：that/which 详解：先行词是signal，指物，在定语从句中作宾语，所以用关系代词that或which引导定语从句。 6. 答案：to make 详解：此处用动词不定式to make作目的状语，表示“为了使”，故填to make。 7. 答案：called 详解：call与network之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词called作后置定语，修饰network，意为“被称为”，故填called。 8. 答案：their 详解：修饰名词young，用形容词性物主代词their，表示“它们的”，故填their。 9. 答案：to 详解：respond to是固定短语，表示“对……做出反应”，故填to。 10. 答案：and 详解：between... and...是固定搭配，表示“在……和……之间” ，故填and。 11. 答案：to learn 详解：have sth. to do表示“有某事要做”，用动词不定式作后置定语，故填to learn。 12. 答案：directly 详解：修饰动词talk，用副词形式，direct的副词是directly，意为“直接地”，故填directly。 题型二 语篇语法填空（模考真题） A （2024·广东·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In Beijing’s Dongcheng District, there is a small studio called “I’m Mr. Chu”, 1 the visitors can appreciate more than 100 types of traditional handmade paper, 2 (show) the charm of the ancient skills and various cultures in different regions in China. So far, Cui Zhenshuo and Yang Bo, founders of the studio, 3 (collect) more than 500 types of Chinese handmade paper in 4 (exist). On their journey, Cui and Yang discovered that due to the remote locations of most paper workshops and traditional lifestyles of the paper-making craftsmen (手艺人), the 5 (product) are unable to reach the market 6 (direct). Therefore, Cui and Yang came up with the idea of establishing their own studio that could serve as a bridge to connect rural workshops with buyers 7 be a platform to promote traditional Chinese handmade paper. The two began to launch the series of handmade paper samples since 2021. Each volume consists 8 30 types of handmade paper, each of which 9 (source) from its place of origin. At present, two volumes of the series have been produced, and they plan 10 (finish) 10 volumes. “We hope that this series can provide information for those who need handmade paper,” said Cui. 【答案】 1. where 2. showing 3. have collected 4. existence 5. products 6. directly 7. and 8. of 9. is sourced 10. to finish 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了北京东城区的一个名为“我是楮先生”的关于传统手工纸的小工作室。 1. 考查定语从句。句意：在北京东城区，有一个名为“我是楮先生”的小工作室，游客可以在这里欣赏到100多种传统手工纸，展示了中国不同地区古老技艺和各种文化的魅力。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是studio，在从句中作地点状语。故填where。 2. 考查非谓语动词。句意：在北京东城区，有一个名为“我是楮先生”的小工作室，游客可以在这里欣赏到100多种传统手工纸，展示了中国不同地区古老技艺和各种文化的魅力。此处为非谓语语动词作状语，show与 逻辑主语studio之间是主动关系，所以此处使用现在分词短语作状语。故填showing。 3. 考查时态。句意：到目前为止，工作室的创始人崔振硕和杨波已经收集了500多种现存的中国手工纸。此处为谓语动词，根据时间状语so far可知，用现在完成时，主语为复数。故填have collected。 4. 考查名词。句意：到目前为止，工作室的创始人崔振硕和杨波已经收集了500多种现存的中国手工纸。此处为名词作宾语，exist的名词为existence意为“存在”。故填existence。 5. 考查名词。句意：在旅途中，崔和杨发现，由于大多数纸厂地处偏远，加上造纸工匠的传统生活方式，产品无法直接进入市场。根据谓语动词are可知，此处应用复数名词作主语。故填products。 6. 考查副词。句意：在旅途中，崔和杨发现，由于大多数纸厂地处偏远，加上造纸工匠的传统生活方式，产品无法直接进入市场。此处应用副词作状语，修饰动词reach。故填directly。 7. 考查连词。句意：因此，崔和杨想到了建立自己的工作室，作为连接农村作坊和买家的桥梁，并成为推广中国传统手工纸的平台。根据句意可知，空处前后文为并列关系，用and连接。故填and。 8. 考查介词。句意：每卷由30种手工纸组成，每一种都来自其原产地。此处为固定短语consist of意为“由……组成”，所以此处使用介词of。故填of。 9. 考查动词时态和语态。句意：每卷由30种手工纸组成，每一种都来自其原产地。此处为谓语动词，source与each of which之间是动宾关系，根据主句谓语动词时态可知，此处应用一般现在时，且主语为单数意义。故填 is sourced。 10. 考查非谓语动词。句意：目前，该系列已经出版了两卷，他们计划完成10卷。此处为非谓语动词作宾语，根据plan to do sth.意为“计划做某事”可知，此处使用动词不定式作宾语。故填to finish。 B （2024·广东佛山·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词，或括号内单词的正确形式。 The much-loved cartoon about Bluey, a seven-year-old dog, has been a worldwide phenomenon since it launched back in 2018. Its story is a deep reflection on change. Besides laugh-out-loud moments, it also contains serious elements — scenes of parenting situations that will be 1 (painful) familiar to any families, as well as inferences to major life events like death, 2 (marry) and divorce. It’s about exploring the adult world with the excitement of childhood, which 3 (land) Bluey an International Emmy award in 2019. What viewers won’t have predicted will be how much this episode is influenced by Taoist (道家) philosophy, 4 ancient Chinese belief system which is based on trying to live 5 harmony with the universe. When Bluey sadly tells her classmates she’s moving away, her teacher Calypso reads a story 6 (call) The Farmer. In the story, each time, the neighbours ask the farmer it’s “good luck” or “bad luck”. Every time, the farmer simply replies: “we’ll see”, and the story ends abruptly. “Is it a happy 7 sad ending?” asks Bluey afterwards. “It’s both,” says Calypso. “I don’t understand,” says Bluey. “Everything will work out the way it’s supposed to, Bluey,” she replies. The story is actually an old tale that first originated in the Huainanzi, an ancient Chinese text 8 (date) back to 139 BC． It reminds people that we have no control or no real way of knowing whether events that happen to us are “good” or “bad”. All we can be certain of is that change is 9 (avoidable), but being open to change and 10 (trust) that things will work out for the best is the best way to handle it. 【答案】 1. painfully 2. marriage 3. landed 4. an 5. in 6. called 7. or 8. dating 9. unavoidable 10. trusting 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了动画片《布鲁伊》。 1. 考查副词。句意：除了开怀大笑的时刻，它还包含了严肃的元素——对任何家庭来说都是痛苦熟悉的育儿场景，以及对死亡、结婚和离婚等重大生活事件的推断。空处修饰形容词familiar，应用副词形式，故填painfully。 2. 考查名词。句意：同上。空处和名词death以及divorce并列作like的宾语，应填名词marriage，故填marriage。 3. 考查一般过去时。句意：它是关于用童年的兴奋探索成人世界的，这让《布鲁伊》在2019年获得了国际艾美奖。根据时间状语“in 2019”可知此处使用一般过去时，故填landed。 4. 考查冠词。句意：观众们无法预料的是，这一集受到道教哲学的影响有多大，道教是一种古老的中国信仰体系，其基础是试图与宇宙和谐相处。此处泛指“一种古老的中国信仰体系”，应使用不定冠词，ancient是以元音音素开头，故填an。 5. 考查介词。句意：同上。live in harmony with“与……和谐共处”，固定短语，故填in。 6. 考查非谓语动词。句意：当Bluey悲伤地告诉她的同学她要搬走时，她的老师Calypso给她读了一个叫做《农民》的故事。call和story之间是被动关系，使用过去分词作后置定语，故填called。 7. 考查连词。句意：“结局是快乐的还是悲伤的？”Bluey事后问道。happy和sad之间是选择关系，使用or连接，故填or。 8. 考查非谓语动词。句意：这个故事实际上是一个古老的故事，最早起源于公元前139年的中国古代文献《淮南子》。date back to和text之间是主谓关系，使用现在分词作后置定语，故填dating。 9. 考查形容词。句意：我们所能确定的是，变化是不可避免的，但对变化持开放态度并相信事情会有最好的结果是处理它的最好方法。空处应填形容词作表语，结合下文的转折“but being open to change”可知，此处指“变化是不可避免的”，使用形容词unavoidable，故填unavoidable。 10. 考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。空处和being并列作主语，应用动名词形式，故填trusting。 C 【来源】青海省部分名校2023-2024学年高二下学期期末联考英语试题 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Morals and virtues are like a compass (指南针) 1 guides us in making good choices and doing the right thing. Morals are about knowing the difference between right and wrong, while virtues are good qualities or habits we should have. When we face a moral dilemma, it’s 2 (challenge) to determine the right action to take. In these times, we can rely on our morals to help us choose 3 (wise). For example, being kind, honest, and fair are important moral values that can guide our actions. Virtues, such as 4 (patient), courage, and generosity, help us become better people. They are like strengths we can develop 5 (face) challenges and treat others with respect. When we show virtues in our daily lives, we inspire those around us to do the same. In relationships like marriage or friendships, morals and virtues play 6 important role. Respect, trust, and loyalty are virtues that build strong connections and foster harmony. When 7 (conflict) arise, relying on moral principles and virtues can help us resolve differences peacefully. It’s also important to pass on these values to the next generation. Teaching children about morals and virtues from a young age 8 (set) a strong foundation for their character development. By practicing kindness, honesty, and empathy, we can create a more compassionate and understanding society. Morals and virtues are essential tools for navigating (导航) life’s challenges and 9 (create) a better world for ourselves and others. With good values, we can build stronger relationships, make wiser choices, and contribute positively 10 our communities. 【答案】 1. that/which 2. challenging 3. wisely 4. patience 5. to face 6. an 7. conflicts 8. sets 9. creating 10. to 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了道德和美德在我们生活中发挥的作用。 1. 考查定语从句。句意：道德和美德就像指南针，指引我们做出正确的选择和做正确的事。分析句子可知，句子为限制性定语从句，先行词为“compass”，指物，在从句中作主语，故应用“that”或“which”引导从句。故填that/which。 2. 考查形容词。句意：当我们面临道德困境时，确定正确的行动是具有挑战性的。分析句子可知，空格处应用形容词作表语，“it”代指“to determine the right action to take”这件事，故应用“challenging”，意为“具有挑战性的”，形容词词性，修饰事物。故填challenging。 3. 考查副词。句意：在这个时代，我们可以依靠我们的道德来帮助我们做出明智的选择。分析句子可知，“choose”为动词，空格处应用副词作状语，“wisely”意为“明智地”，副词词性。故填wisely。 4. 考查名词。句意：耐心、勇气和慷慨等美德帮助我们成为更好的人。分析句子可知，“such as”为介词短语，空格处应用名词作宾语，“patience”意为“耐心”，为不可数名词。故填patience。 5. 考查非谓语动词。句意：它们就像我们可以发展的优势，以应对挑战并尊重他人。分析句子可知，句中有谓语动词“can develop”，故空格处应用非谓语动词，发展优势的目的是应对挑战，句中应用不定式“to face”作目的状语。故填to face。 6. 考查冠词。句意：在婚姻或友谊等关系中，道德和美德起着重要作用。分析句子可知，句中涉及固定短语“play an important role”，意为“起着重要作用”，故空格处应用不定冠词“an”。故填an。 7. 考查名词。句意：当冲突发生时，依靠道德原则和美德可以帮助我们和平解决分歧。分析句子可知，空格处应用名词作主语，“arise”为动词原形，故应用“conflict”的复数形式“conflicts”。故填conflicts。 8. 考查时态。句意：从小教孩子们道德和美德，为他们的性格发展奠定了坚实的基础。分析句子可知，句中陈述的是客观事实，为一般现在时，“Teaching children about morals and virtues from a young age”为动名词短语作主语，故应用“set”的三单形式“sets”。故填sets。 9. 考查非谓语动词。句意：道德和美德是应对生活挑战、为自己和他人创造更美好世界的重要工具。分析句子可知，“for”为介词，后接动名词作宾语，“create”的动名词形式为“creating”。故填creating。 10. 考查固定短语。句意：有了良好的价值观，我们可以建立更牢固的关系，做出更明智的选择，并为我们的社区做出积极的贡献。分析句子可知，句中涉及固定短语“contribute to”，意为“贡献于，有助于”，故空格处应用介词“to”。故填to。 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$