专题03 外研版必修三词汇（知识清单）（天津专用）2027年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

该高中英语高考复习知识清单系统整合外研版必修三六个单元核心词汇，涵盖教材基础词汇、热点词形转换、必记熟词生义三大知识模块，通过知识脑图搭建词汇体系框架，结合考点深研实现重难点分层突破。 清单采用“基础梳理+重难突破”双模块设计，如Unit 1中sink的熟词生义标注高考续写情境例句，词形转换部分总结动词-名词-形容词派生规律，培养学生语言能力和思维品质。设置汉译英、适当形式填空等分层检测题并附解析，如用“be concerned about”搭配真题例句强化应用，助力学生自主夯实基础，教师可据此精准定位复习重点，提升备考效率。

清单03 外研版必修三词汇 目录导航 01知识脑图·核心脉络搭建——梳理专题框架，搭建知识体系 02考点深研·知能分层突破——深挖高频考点，分层突破重难点 Unit 1 Knowing me, knowing you 基础梳理·自主夯基 知识点1 教材词汇识记 | 知识点2 热点词形转换 | 知识点3 必记熟词生义 重难突破·考向精练 Unit 2 Morals and Virtues 基础梳理·自主夯基 知识点1 教材词汇识记 | 知识点2 热点词形转换 | 知识点3 必记熟词生义 重难突破·考向精练 Unit 3 The world of science 基础梳理·自主夯基 知识点1 教材词汇识记 | 知识点2 热点词形转换 | 知识点3 必记熟词生义 重难突破·考向精练 Unit 4 Amazing art 基础梳理·自主夯基 知识点1 教材词汇识记 | 知识点2 热点词形转换 | 知识点3 必记熟词生义 重难突破·考向精练 Unit 5 What an adventure 基础梳理·自主夯基 知识点1 教材词汇识记 | 知识点2 热点词形转换 | 知识点3 必记熟词生义 重难突破·考向精练 Unit 6 Disaster and hope 基础梳理·自主夯基 知识点1 教材词汇识记 | 知识点2 热点词形转换 | 知识点3 必记熟词生义 重难突破·考向精练 知识脑图·核心脉络搭建 考点深研·知能分层突破 UNIT 1　Knowing me, knowing you 基础梳理・自主夯基——核心背记 知识点1 教材词汇识记 1 / 19 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.signal n.信号;暗号 2.deceive v.欺骗 3.apart adv.分离,分开 4.moreover adv.此外,而且 5.core adj.核心的(课程、团体等) 6.lip n. (嘴)唇 7.fence n.栅栏,围栏,篱笆 8.agony n.痛楚;苦难 9.tangled adj.纠结的;复杂的 10.web n.蜘蛛网;错综复杂的事物 知识点2 热点词形转换 1.steam n.蒸汽;水蒸气　vi.蒸发;散发蒸汽;冒水汽→steamer n.汽船;蒸笼→steamed adj.蒸熟的,蒸的 2.sink vt.使(船)沉没;使下沉　vi.沉没;下沉;下陷;倒下;坐下;降低;变小→sinking adj.颓丧的;沮丧的→sank(sunk)/sunk/sinking(过去式/过去分词/现在分词) 3.loose adj.说话随便(轻率)的,控制不严的;松的→loosely adv.宽松地→loosen v.变松;解开 4.fault n.责任;过错　vt.找到……的缺点,挑剔→faulty adj.有错误的,有缺陷的→ faultless adj.没有错误的;无缺点的;完美无缺的 5.resolve vt. 解决(问题、困难)　n.决心;坚定的信念→resolution n.解决;决心→resolved adj.坚决的 6.strategy n.计谋;策略;行动计划→strategic adj.战略性的;战略上的→strategically adv.战略性地;战略上 7.breath n.呼出的气;一口气　微量;迹象→breathe vt. & vi.呼吸　vt.呼出;低声说→breathless adj.上气不接下气的;(令人)屏息的,目瞪口呆的→breathlessly adv.气喘吁吁地 8.concern n.忧虑;担心　vt.使担忧;涉及→concerned adj.担忧的→concerning prep.关于 9.annoyed adj.恼怒的;烦恼的→annoying adj.使恼怒的;使生气的→annoy vt.使恼怒;使生气→annoyance n.恼怒;生气 10.adjust vt. & vi.适应,(使)习惯　vt.调整;调节;整理→adjustable adj.可调整的;可调节的→adjustment n.调整;调节 11.duty n.职责,义务;责任→dutiful adj.尽职的;顺从的 12.accident n.意外事件;偶然因素→accidental adj.偶然的;意外的→accidentally adv.偶然地 13.ensure vt.确保,保证→sure adj.确定的 14.complexity n.复杂性,错综复杂→complex adj.复杂的;难懂的 15.forgive vt.原谅,宽恕→forgave/forgiven (过去式/过去分词)→forgiveness n.原谅,宽恕 16.criticise vt.批评,指责→criticism n.批评;责备→critic n.批评家→critical adj.批评的;关键的 17.embarrassment n.尴尬,难为情→embarrass vt.使尴尬→embarrassed adj.感到尴尬的→embarrassing adj.令人尴尬的 18.boxing n.拳击(运动)→box vt. & vi. (拳击运动)击打(某人)　vt.把(某物)装箱(或盒、匣) 19.weave vi. & vt.编,织　 vt.编纂成,编造(故事等)→woven adj.编织的→wove/woven (过去式/过去分词) 20.justify v. 证明(别人认为不合理的事)有道理;为……辩护→justice n.公平,公正→just adj.公正的;正义的 21.tear n.眼泪;泪水vt. & vi.撕裂;撕碎　vt.撕开;撕掉;挣开;拽开→tearful adj.哭泣的;含泪的;催人泪下的→teary adj.泪眼朦胧的 22.frank adj.坦率的,坦诚的,直言不讳的→frankly adv.坦率地,坦诚地 23.independent adj.独立的;自主的→independently adv.独立地;自立地→independence n.独立→depend v.依靠→dependent adj.依靠的 24.latter n.后者→late adj. & adv.迟;晚;接近末期→lately adv.最近;不久前;近来→latest adj.最新的 知识点3 必记一词多义 1.sink vt. ①使(船)沉没;使下沉　vi. ②沉没;下沉　③倒下;坐下　④降低;变小 sink to沉入;下沉 sink into/to/down/back颓然坐下/重重倒下 one’s heart/spirits sink心情沉重;情绪低落 be sunk in陷入…… a sinking feeling/ship不祥之感/颓丧感/沉船 ①The moment his head hit the pillow, he sank (sink) into a deep sleep.他的头一碰到枕头,他就沉沉睡着了。 ②Her heart sank. She felt seized by a burst of sadness and couldn’t hold back her tears.她心情沉重。她突然感到很悲伤,忍不住落下泪来。(续写情感描写) 2.signal n. ①信号;暗号　 sign　②标志　 indication　vt.& vi. ③标志着;标明　 indicate　④发信号 1)signal at sb.朝某人打手势 signal (to) sb. to do sth.示意某人做某事 signal (to sb.) that ...示意(某人)…… 2)a signal (for sb.) to do sth. (某人)做某事的信号 ①The Lantern Festival falls on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month, signal(l)ing (signal) the end of the Spring Festival celebrations.正月十五是元宵节,标志着春节庆祝活动的结束。(传统文化介绍) ②I ran up to the car, took him by the arm and signalled him to follow (follow) me.我跑向汽车,拉住他的胳膊,示意他跟我走。(续写动作描写) 3.concern n. ①忧虑;担心　②关爱;关心　③重要的事　vt. ③涉及;与……有关　④让……担忧　⑤(对……)感兴趣;关注;关心 1)show/express concern about/for对……表示关心/担心 2)concern sb.让某人担心 concern oneself with/about sth.关心某事/对……感兴趣 3)be concerned about/for ...关心/担心…… be concerned with ...关于……;关心…… as far as ... be concerned就……而言 ①I’m writing to express my genuine concern and share with you some suggestions that might be of some help.我写信表达我诚挚的关心并告诉你一些可能有用的建议。(劝慰信) ②Concerned (concern) about your illness, we’d like to know how you are feeling now.我们担忧你的病情,想知道你现在怎么样了。(浙江高考电子邮件) ③What concerned me was whether David could pick himself up after falling.让我担心的是大卫能否在摔倒后爬起来。(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷续写) 4.annoyed adj. 恼怒的;烦恼的 1)be annoyed by/about sth.因某事生气 be annoyed with/at sb.生某人的气 2)It annoys sb. that/when/how ...……令某人生气。 3)in annoyance生气地 to one’s annoyance使某人生气的是 ①I’m anxious to complain about the noise constantly annoying me.我急于投诉一直打扰我的噪音。(投诉信) ②Annoyed (annoy) at the children for their misbehavior, she pounded the table with her fist in annoyance.她对孩子们不守规矩很生气,恼怒地用拳头捶桌子。(续写情感描写) ③Mary shot him a look of annoyance (annoy).玛丽生气地瞪了他一眼。 5.adjust vi.& vt. ①适应;(使)习惯　 adapt, get used to　vt. ②调整;调节　③整理 1)adjust to (doing) sth.适应(做)某事 adjust oneself to ...使自己适应…… adjust sth.调整/调节某物 adjust ... to ...调整……以适应…… 2)make an adjustment/adjustments to ...对……作出调整 ①In this way, you may adjust yourself to living in China soon.这样,你就能很快适应在中国生活了。(建议信) ②After waving goodbye to the family, I adjusted (adjust) my mirror and then edged my car out of the parking place.我向这家人挥手告别后,调整了一下后视镜,然后慢慢地把车开出了停车场。(续写动作描写) 6.tear n. ①眼泪;泪水　vt. & vi. 撕裂;撕碎　vt. ③撕开;撕掉　④挣开;拽开 1)in tears流着泪;含着泪 burst into tears突然大哭起来 fight/hold back tears强忍住泪水 2)tear sth. apart撕碎某物 tear sth. down推倒;拆毁(建筑物) tear sth. to/into pieces把……撕成碎片 tear sth. up把(纸/布)撕碎 tear one’s heart (out)/tear at one’s heart使某人心碎 tear oneself/one’s eyes away from恋恋不舍地把目光从……挪开 ①He hurried out from behind the bar, rushed toward Harry and seized his hand, tears in his eyes.他连忙从吧台后边出来朝哈利跑去,抓起他的手,热泪盈眶。 ②He sat down next to Harry, took one look at him, and burst into tears.他在哈利身旁坐下,看了他一眼,突然大哭了起来。 ③Tom was tearing the letters into/to pieces before his eyes.汤姆当着他的面把信撕得粉碎。 ④He finally tore his eyes away from the phone.最后他总算强迫自己不再去看手机。 重难突破・考向精练——自主检测 一、汉译英检测 1. 蒸汽 /stiːm/ 2. 下沉；消沉 /sɪŋk/ 3. 松开；松的 /luːs/ 4. 过错；责任 /fɔːlt/ 5. 解决；决心 /rɪˈzɒlv/ 6. 呼吸 /briːð/ 7. 担忧；涉及 /kənˈsɜːn/ 8. 恼怒的 /əˈnɔɪd/ 9. 调整；适应 /əˈdʒʌst/ 10. 原谅 /fəˈɡɪv/ 11. 尴尬 /ɪmˈbærəsmənt/ 12. 独立 /ˌɪndɪˈpendəns/ 答案 1.steam 2.sink 3.loose 4.fault 5.resolve 6.breathe 7.concern 8.annoyed 9.adjust 10.forgive 11.embarrassment 12.independence 二、英译汉检测 1.signal /ˈsɪɡnəl/ 2.agony /ˈæɡəni/ 3.strategy /ˈstrætədʒi/ 4.breath /breθ/ 5.accident /ˈæksɪdənt/ 6.criticise /ˈkrɪtɪsaɪz/ 7.tear /teə(r)/ v. /tɪə(r)/ n. 8.frank /fræŋk/ 9.dependent /dɪˈpendənt/ 10.latter /ˈlætə(r)/ 11.weave /wiːv/ 12.justice /ˈdʒʌstɪs/ 答案 1.n. 信号 v. 示意 2.n. 痛苦，煎熬 3.n. 策略，计谋 4.n. 一口气，呼吸 5.n. 意外事故 6.v. 批评，指责 7.v. 撕碎 n. 眼泪 8.adj. 坦率的 9.adj. 依赖的 10.n. 后者 11.v. 编织；编造 12.n. 公平，正义 三、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. Her heart ________ (sink) when she heard the bad news. 2. He spoke ________ (loose) without thinking twice. 3. We need a practical ________ (resolve) to solve the conflict. 4. ________ (concern) about her son, she couldn’t fall asleep. 5. Don’t be ________ (annoy) with small trivial things. 6. It took him a long time ________ (adjust) to the new school life. 7. I will never ________ (forgive) him for lying to me. 8. Her face turned red with ________ (embarrass). 9. Young people want to live an ________ (depend) life. 10. He ________ (weave) a wonderful story to comfort the kid yesterday. 解析 1. sank：本句时态为一般过去时，sink 的过去式是 sank，描述过去低落的情绪。 2. loosely：空格修饰动词 spoke，副词修饰动词，loose 变副词 loosely。 3. resolution：practical 为形容词，后需名词；resolve 动词 “解决”，名词形式 resolution 表 “解决方案”。 4. Concerned：固定搭配 be concerned about（担忧），形容词置于句首作状语，首字母大写。 5. annoyed：固定短语 be annoyed with sb./sth.（对…… 生气），-ed 形容词修饰人的感受。 6. to adjust：固定句型 It takes sb. + 时间 + to do sth.，不定式作真正主语。 7. forgive：情态动词 will 后必须使用动词原形。 8. embarrassment：介词 with 后接名词，embarrass 的名词形式 embarrassment（尴尬）。 9. independent：根据句意 “独立的生活”，dependent（依赖的）反义词 independent。 10. wove：yesterday 为过去时间标志，weave 的过去式为 wove。 UNIT 2　Making a difference 基础梳理・自主夯基——核心背记 知识点1 教材词汇识记 　　　　　　　 1.cancer n.癌症 2.military n.军队 3.disease n.疾病,病 4.aid v.帮助;援助 　　　　　　　 5.institution n.机构,团体 6.certificate n.证明书,证书 7.drug n.药物,药材 8.fountain n.喷水池 　　　　　　　 9.ministry n. (政府的)部 10.territory n.地区,地方 11.mission n.职责,使命 知识点2 热点词形转换 1.contribution n.贡献;捐款;稿件;促成作用→contribute v.贡献;捐赠;撰稿;增进;是……的原因之一→contributor n.促成物;捐款者 2.relief n.减轻,缓解→relieve vt.解除,减轻;缓解→relieved adj.感到宽慰的;放心的;显得开心的 3.shortage n.短缺,不足,缺乏→short adj.不足的,短缺的→shortly adv.不多时;不久;立刻;马上→shorten v. (使)变短,缩短 4.internal adj.内部的→ external adj.外部的 5.effective adj.有效的,产生预期效果的→effect n.影响;结果;效果→affect v.影响 6.fund vt.为……提供资金,资助　n.基金→funds n.资金;现款→funder n.资金赞助者 7.recycle vt.再利用,回收利用→recyclable adj.可回收利用的;可再循环的→recycling n.回收利用;循环利用 8.earn vt.挣(钱);获(利);应得;博得;赢得→earnings n.薪水;工资;收入 9.donate vt.捐赠,捐献→donation n.捐赠,捐款→donor n.捐赠者 10.foundation n.基金会→found vt.创建,创办→founder n.创建者 11.insight n.顿悟,猛醒;洞察力;眼光→insightful adj.有深刻了解的;富有洞察力的 12.perseverance n.不屈不挠,坚持不懈→persevere vi.坚持;孜孜以求→persevering adj.坚韧不拔的;不屈不挠的 13.reality n.真实,现实→real adj.真实的→really adv.真正地;事实上地→realize/-ise vt.实现 14.extend vt.持续;延伸,延长;伸展;展开;给予→extension n.延长;延伸;延期;延长期→extensive adj.广阔的;广泛的;广大的→extended adj.长期的;延长了的;扩展了的 15.disability n.残疾,残障→disable vt.使残疾;使丧失能力　使无效;使不能运转→disabled adj.有残疾的,丧失能力的 16.sensitive adj.敏感的;容易生气的;灵敏的　体贴的;体恤的→sensitivity n.敏感(性);容易生气;灵敏度;体贴;体恤 17.generous adj.慷慨的,大方的→generosity n.慷慨,大方→generously adv.慷慨地,大方地 18.hesitate v.迟疑,犹豫　vi.顾虑;疑虑→hesitation n.犹豫→hesitant adj.迟疑的→hesitantly adv.迟疑地 19.royal adj.王室的;皇家的;高贵的n.王室成员→royally adv.隆重地 20.assistance n.帮助,援助→assist vt.帮助;援助→assistant n.助手;助理 21.registration n.登记,注册;挂号→register vt. & vi.登记;注册　显示(读数);记录;流露出;显得→registry n.登记处;注册处→deregister vt.撤销注册 22.confirmation n.证实,证明→confirm vt.证实,确认;使确信→confirmed adj.成习惯的;根深蒂固的 23.temporary adj.短期的,短暂的,临时的→temporarily adv.临时地 24.achievement n.成绩,成就→achieve vt.取得→achievable adj.可完成的;可达到的 25.chief adj.最高级别的,首席的→chiefly adv.首要地,主要地 26.major adj.重要的,主要的　vi.主修→majority n.大部分,大多数→majorly adv.非常地;极端地 27.treatment n.治疗,疗法→treat vt.治疗,对待;处理;把……看作　 n.乐事;款待 28.obtain vt.获得,得到→obtainable adj.可获得的;可得到的 29.further adj.更多的,附加的　adv.较远,更远;进一步　 vt.促进;增进→far adj.较远的;远的;远方的　adv. (距离)远,时间久;(程度)……得多→farther adv.更远,较远　adj.更远的,较远的 知识点3 必记一词多义 1.relief n. (焦虑、痛苦的)减轻或消除;(不快过后的)宽慰、轻松或解脱 1)to one’s relief令某人感到欣慰的是 It is a relief to do sth.做某事很放心/舒心。 in/with relief如释重负;松了口气 What a relief!可轻松了! breathe a sigh of relief/sigh with relief松了口气 a sense of relief解脱感 2)relieve sb. of ...解除某人……方面的负担 ①We all breathed a sigh of relief when we heard they were safe.听到他们平安无事时,我们都松了口气。 ②It was such a relief to hear that Marta was found safe and sound.听到玛尔塔安然无恙地被找到,真是如释重负。 ③A relieved (relieve) smile spread across his face.他脸上绽开了宽心的笑容。 2.hesitate vi. ①迟疑;犹豫　②顾虑;疑虑 1)hesitate to do sth.迟疑做某事 hesitate about/over (doing) sth. (做)某事犹豫不决 2)without hesitation毫不犹豫地 have no hesitation in doing sth.毫不犹豫地做某事 ①If you have any questions, don’t hesitate to ask (ask) me.如果你有任何问题,随时问我。(告知信) ②Without hesitation she went to Simon and gave him a big hug.她毫不犹豫地朝西蒙走过去,并给了他一个大大的拥抱。 3.assistance n.帮助;援助　 help, aid 1)with the assistance of ...在……的帮助下 be of assistance to sb.有助于某人 turn to sb. for assistance向某人求助 2)assist sb. in doing sth./assist sb. to do sth.帮助某人做某事 assist (sb.) with/in sth.帮助(某人)某事 ①I’m wondering if you could assist me in choosing/to choose the suitable topics for the class meeting.我想知道你能否帮助我选择合适的班会主题。(求助信) ②With the assistance of their father, the twins managed to make tasty breakfast.在他们爸爸的帮助下,双胞胎设法做好了美味的早餐。(新高考Ⅰ卷续写) 4.aid vt. (aided, aided, aiding) ①帮助;援助;资助　n.[U]②帮助;援助;资助 1)give/perform first aid进行急救 with the aid of ...在……的帮助下 come to sb.’s aid帮助某人 2)aid sb. in doing sth./aid sb. to do sth.帮助某人做某事 aid sb. with/in sth.帮助某人某事 ①The lady was grateful that she was aided in looking after the children by her niece.女士很感激有她侄女帮她一起照看小孩。 ②One of the staff saw he was in difficulty and came to his aid.一名工作人员见他有困难,便过来帮忙。 重难突破・考向精练——自主检测 一、汉译英检测 1. 贡献；捐献 /kənˈtrɪbjuːt/ 2. 宽慰；缓解 /rɪˈliːf/ 3. 短缺 /ˈʃɔːtɪdʒ/ 4. 有效的 /ɪˈfektɪv/ 5. 捐赠 /dəʊˈneɪt/ 6. 坚持不懈 /ˌpɜːsəˈvɪərəns/ 7. 慷慨的 /ˈdʒenərəs/ 8. 犹豫 /ˈhezɪteɪt/ 9. 协助 /əˈsɪst/ 10. 确认；证实 /kənˈfɜːm/ 11. 临时的 /ˈtemprəri/ 12. 成就 /əˈtʃiːvmənt/ 答案 1.contribute 2.relief 3.shortage 4.effective 5.donate 6.perseverance 7.generous 8.hesitate 9.assist 10.confirm 11.temporary 12.achievement 二、英译汉检测 1.aid /eɪd/ 2.mission /ˈmɪʃn/ 3.foundation /faʊnˈdeɪʃn/ 4.insight /ˈɪnsaɪt/ 5.reality /riˈæləti/ 6.extend /ɪkˈstend/ 7.disability /ˌdɪsəˈbɪləti/ 8.treatment /ˈtriːtmənt/ 9.obtain /əbˈteɪn/ 10.royal /ˈrɔɪəl/ 11.registration /ˌredʒɪˈstreɪʃn/ 12.chief /tʃiːf/ 答案 1.v.&n. 援助，帮助 2.n. 使命，职责 3.n. 基金会 4.n. 洞察力 5.n. 现实 6.v. 延伸，延长 7.n. 残疾 8.n. 治疗；款待 9.v. 获得 10.adj. 皇家的 11.n. 登记，注册 12.adj. 首席的 n. 首领 三、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. Everyone should make ________ (contribute) to public charity. 2. To our great ________ (relieve), the patient got better. 3. The factory closed for ________ (short) of raw materials. 4. This new medicine is highly ________ (effect) on colds. 5. Many citizens ________ (donate) money to the disabled last month. 6. His ________ (persevere) finally helped him achieve his dream. 7. It’s very ________ (generosity) of him to help poor students. 8. Don’t hesitate ________ (ask) for help when you are in trouble. 9. She often ________ (assist) me with my English study. 10. Please wait for the ________ (confirm) of your application. 解析 1. contributions：固定搭配 make contributions to（为…… 做贡献），名词常用复数形式。 2. relief：固定结构 to one’s relief（令某人宽慰的是），使用名词 relief。 3. shortage：for 后接名词，short 形容词，名词 shortage，意为 “短缺”。 4. effective：系动词 is 后用形容词作表语，effect 名词→effective 形容词。 5. donated：last month 是过去时标志，donate 过去式 donated。 6. perseverance：形容词性物主代词 his 后接名词，persevere 动词→perseverance 名词。 7. generous：固定句型 It’s + adj. + of sb.，generosity 名词变形容词 generous。 8. to ask：固定搭配 hesitate to do sth.（犹豫做某事），不定式作宾语。 9. assists：often 表示一般现在时，主语 she 是第三人称单数，动词变三单 assists。 10. confirmation：the 后接名词，confirm 动词→confirmation 名词（确认信息）。 UNIT 3　The world of science 基础梳理・自主夯基——核心背记 知识点1 教材词汇识记 　　　　　　 1.flash n.闪光 2.battery n.电池 3.metal n.金属 4.cure n.药剂;疗法 　　　　　　 5.beyond prep.无法…… 6.procedure n.程序,步骤,手续 7.species n.物种 8.gravity n.重力,引力 　　　　　　　　 9.instance n.例子,实例 10.extraordinary adj.非凡的,出色的 11.lightning n.闪电 12.draft v.起草,草拟 知识点2 热点词形转换 1.press vt.按;压;挤;推;将……塞进;推搡着移动;敦促;坚持;反复强调　n.新闻界;印刷媒体→pressing adj.紧迫的;迫切的→pressed adj.紧缺的;压平的→pressure n.压力;压强;挤压;催促;要求　vt.逼迫;使迫不得已 2.shoot vt. & vi.射出(光线等),放射;射杀;射伤;猎杀;冲,奔,扑,射,飞驰;突然把……投向;拍摄;射门;投篮→shooting n.枪击;枪杀;拍摄→shot n.枪(或炮)声;射门;照片;尝试→shot/shot/shooting (过去式/过去分词/现在分词) 3.virtual adj.虚拟的,模拟的;很接近的;事实上的→virtually adv.虚拟地;事实上 4.flexible adj.易弯曲的,柔韧的;灵活的→flexibly adv.灵活地;有弹性地→flexibility n.灵活性;适应性→inflexible adj.僵化的;缺乏弹性的 5.compute vt.计算→computer n.计算机 6.capable adj.有能力的;能力强的→capability n.能力→capably adv.能干地;有能力地 7.stuff n.东西,物品　vt.填满;塞满;把……塞进(或填进);给……装馅;(使)吃撑→stuffed adj.塞满了的;吃饱了的 8.desire n.渴望,欲望　vt.渴望;期望→desirable adj.值得拥有的;值得做的→undesirable adj.不受欢迎的;不利的 9.passive adj.被动的→passively adv.被动地→ active adj.主动的 10.significant adj.重要的,影响深远的→significance n.重要性;意义→significantly adv.明显地;有重大意义地→insignificant adj.微不足道的;无足轻重的 11.injure vt.使受伤,弄伤→injured adj.受伤的,受损害的→injury n.伤害,损害;受伤处→uninjured adj.未受伤的 12.chemist n.化学家;药剂师→chemical adj.与化学有关的;化学的　n.化学制品;化学品→chemistry n.化学 13.astronomer n.天文学家→astronomy n.天文学→astronaut n.宇航员 14.biologist n.生物学家→biology n.生物学→biological adj.生物学的;生物的 15.accurate adj.精确的→accurately adv.精确地;准确地→accuracy n.精确(性) 16.minor adj.小的→minority n.少数民族,少数派→ major adj.主要的,大的 17.origin n.起源,起因→original adj.原始的,独创的→originally adv.最初地,本来地→originality n.独创性;创意→originate vi.起源;发端于 18.brilliant adj.聪颖的;才华横溢的;明亮的;杰出的→brilliance n.才华;光辉;光彩 19.theory n.学说;理论→theoretical adj.理论上的→theoretically adv.理论上 20.mental adj.精神的;精神健康的→mentally adv.精神上 21.stream n.小河;小溪　vt.流播;流出　vi.流动;鱼贯而行;一个接一个地移动→live-stream vt. & n.实时流播;网络直播→mainstream n.主流adj.主流的 22.declaration n.声明,宣告→declare v.公布;宣布;宣称;断言→declarer n.宣告者 23.experiment n. (科学)实验　v.做实验→experimental adj.实验性的;科学实验的→experimentally adv.实验性地 24.fiction n.虚构的事,想象的事→fictional adj.虚构的;编造的;小说(中)的 25.attach v.系,绑;贴;认为有重要性(或意义、价值、分量等);重视;(使)与……有联系;与……有关联→attached adj.附加的;附属的;依恋的→attachment n.依恋;爱慕;附件,附属物 26.conduct vt.传导(热、电);组织;安排;带领　n.行为;举止;管理方法→misconduct n.失职;行为不端→conductor n.导体;指挥;售票员→conductive adj.传导的→conduction n.传导 27.scientific adj.科学(上)的→scientifically adv.科学上→science n.科学;技术→scientist n.科学家 28.entirely adv.完全地,彻底地→entire adj.全部的;整个的;完全的 29.proof n.证明,证据→proofs (pl.)→prove vt.证明;证实linking v.证明是 30.account n.账户;账目;账号;说明;叙述;记述;描述　vt.认为是;视为→accountant n.会计;会计师 知识点3 必记一词多义 1.press vt. ①按;压　②挤,推　③将……塞进　④推搡着移动　⑤催促;敦促　n. ⑥新闻界　⑦印刷媒体 1)press a button / switch按下按钮/开关 press sth. against ...把某物贴在…… press sb. to do sth.敦促某人做某事 press sth. into ...把某物塞入/按入…… 2)a press conference新闻发布会 3)under pressure在压力之下 ①To our shock, the manager was pressed to take (take) immediate action at the press conference.使我们震惊的是,这个经理在记者招待会上被要求立即采取行动。(续写情感描写) ②After I pressed the button, the lady pressed a large amount of money into my bag.我按下按钮后,那位女士把一大笔钱塞进我的包里。(续写动作描写) ③He pressed his nose against the window, narrowed his eyes and glanced down at the pavement.他把鼻子贴在了窗户上,眯起眼睛往下看了一眼人行道。(续写动作描写) 2.desire n. ①渴望;欲望　vt. ②渴望;期望 1)have a strong desire to do sth./for sth.迫切要做某事/急于得到某物 have no desire to do sth.不想做某事 2)desire to do sth.渴望做某事 desire sb. to do sth.想要某人做某事 desire that ... (should) do sth.渴望……做某事 ①Learning you have a strong desire to learn Chinese well, I’d like to offer you some suggestions.得知你很想学好汉语,我想给你一些建议。(建议信) ②They desired their father to tell them how to make sandwiches, and he nodded.他们想要父亲告诉他们如何做三明治,他点了点头。(续写动作描写) 3.significant adj. ①重要的,影响深远的　②显著的 1)be of (great/no/little) significance to ...对……(很/不)重要 attach (great) significance to (doing) sth.认为(做)某事(很)重要 2)be significant for对……是重要的 It is significant that ...很明显…… ①There is no denying that ocean conservation is of vital significance.不可否认,海洋保护至关重要。(2022·全国甲卷倡议书) ②It is significant that the greatest gift of life is friendship.很明显,生命中最珍贵的礼物是友谊。(续写主旨升华) 4.injure vt. 使受伤;弄伤 1)injure sth./sb.使某物/某人受伤 be/get seriously/slightly injured受重伤/轻伤 injure one’s pride/reputation/feelings伤害某人的自尊/名誉/情感 2)the injured伤员 3)do sb./oneself an injury/do an injury to sb./oneself伤害某人/自己 ①I fell down the stairs and injured (injure) my back.我跌下楼梯,背部受了伤。 ②She gently cupped the small injured bird in her hands.她双手合起轻轻捧着受伤的小鸟。 ③He lost control of the car, crashed into the truck and got seriously injured.他的汽车失控,撞上了卡车,受了重伤。(续写事故主题) ④He escaped with only minor injuries (injure).他逃过了这一劫,仅仅受了点轻伤。 5.attach vt. ①系;绑;贴　②认为有重要性(或意义、价值等);重视　③(使)与……有联系;与……有关联 1)attach ... to ...把……系/贴/附在……之上 attach importance/significance to ...重视;认为……有意义 2)be attached to sb./sth.依恋;附属于;爱慕某人/某物 ①Handwriting is of such great importance that everyone should attach great importance to it.书写至关重要,每个人都应重视。(倡议书) ②She spotted a box lying on the table with a card attached (attach) to it, saying“Happy Birthday”.她看到桌子上放着一个盒子,盒子上贴着一张卡片,上面写着“生日快乐”。 重难突破・考向精练——自主检测 一、汉译英检测 1. 按压；新闻界 /pres/ 2. 拍摄；射击 /ʃuːt/ 3. 灵活的 /ˈfleksəbl/ 4. 有能力的 /ˈkeɪpəbl/ 5. 渴望 /dɪˈzaɪə(r)/ 6. 重要的 /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt/ 7. 使受伤 /ˈɪndʒə(r)/ 8. 依附；重视 /əˈtætʃ/ 9. 传导；组织 /kənˈdʌkt/ 10. 精确的 /ˈækjərət/ 11. 起源 /ˈɒrɪdʒɪn/ 12. 天才的 /ˈbrɪliənt/ 答案 1.press 2.shoot 3.flexible 4.capable 5.desire 6.significant 7.injure 8.attach 9.conduct 10.accurate 11.origin 12.brilliant 二、英译汉检测 1.virtual /ˈvɜːtʃuəl/ 2.stuff /stʌf/ 3.passive /ˈpæsɪv/ 4.minor /ˈmaɪnə(r)/ 5.mental /ˈmentl/ 6.stream /striːm/ 7.experiment /ɪkˈsperɪmənt/ 8.proof /pruːf/ 9.account /əˈkaʊnt/ 10.chemical /ˈkemɪkl/ 11.astronomer /əˈstrɒnəmə(r)/ 12.instance /ˈɪnstəns/ 答案 1.adj. 虚拟的；事实上的 2.n. 物品 v. 填满 3.adj. 被动的 4.adj. 小的 5.adj. 精神的 6.n. 小溪 v. 流淌 7.n. 实验 v. 做实验 8.n. 证据 9.n. 账户；描述 10.adj. 化学的 n. 化学品 11.n. 天文学家 12.n. 例子，实例 三、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. People attach great ________ (signify) to environmental protection. 2. He was seriously ________ (injure) in the lab accident. 3. We all ________ (desire) to make great scientific discoveries. 4. This machine is ________ (capability) of finishing the task quickly. 5. We should ________ (conduct) experiments carefully and safely. 6. The ________ (origin) plan was much better than the new one. 7. His ________ (brilliance) made all teachers admire him. 8. Don’t put too much ________ (press) on young scientists. 9. The data is ________ (accuracy) enough for our research. 10. We are ________ (flexibility) to adjust our research methods. 解析 1. significance：attach significance to 固定搭配 “重视”，significant 形容词变名词 significance。 2. injured：be injured 固定结构 “受伤”，过去分词作表语表人受伤状态。 3. desire：主语 we 为复数，一般现在时，动词原形。 4. capable：固定短语 be capable of（能够），capability 名词变形容词 capable。 5. conduct：情态动词 should 后接动词原形。 6. original：修饰名词 plan，origin 名词变形容词 original（最初的）。 7. brilliance：形容词性物主代词 his 后接名词，brilliant 形容词→brilliance 名词。 8. pressure：much 修饰不可数名词，press 动词→pressure 名词（压力）。 9. accurate：系动词 is 后用形容词作表语。 10. flexible：系动词 are 后接形容词，flexibility 名词→flexible 形容词。 UNIT 4　Amazing art 基础梳理・自主夯基——核心背记 知识点1 教材词汇识记 　　　　　　 1.stair n.楼梯 2.wine n.葡萄酒 3.battle n.战斗,战役 v.搏斗,奋斗 4.vase n.花瓶 　　　　　　 5.needle n.缝衣针 6.selfie n.自拍照 7.seal n.印章,图章 8.portrait n.人物照片,肖像 9.embroidery n.刺绣图案;刺绣品 　　　　　　　　 10.contemporary adj.当代的 11.carve v.刻(图形或字母) 12.hoof n.蹄　 (pl.hooves) 13.gallop v. (马)飞奔,疾驰 14.cigarette n.香烟 知识点2 热点词形转换 1.greet vt.问候;迎接;招呼→greeting n.问候,招呼→greetings n.贺词;问候语 2.broadcast n.广播节目,电视节目　vt. & vi.播送;广播;传播→broadcast/ broadcast /broadcasting (过去式/过去分词/现在分词)→broadcasting n.节目制作和播放;广播→broadcaster n.广播员;广播公司 3.load n.某物的量;负载;装载量;很多　vt. & vi.把……装上;装载　vt.大量给予→loaded adj.装满的;富含某物 4.fold vt.折起;包;裹　vt. & vi. (可)折小;(可)叠平→ unfold vt. (使)展开;打开　vt. & vi. (使)逐渐展现;展示;透露→folding adj.折叠式的;可折叠的 5.sculptor n.雕刻家,雕塑家→sculpture n.雕像;雕塑品→sculpt vt.雕刻;雕塑 6.exhibition n.展出,展览→exhibit v.展出,展览;表现n.展览品,陈列品 7.neighbourhood n.社区,街坊→neighbour n.邻居→neighbouring adj.邻近的;附近的;毗邻的 8.demonstrate vt.示范,演示;表达;表露→demonstration n.示范,演示;表达;表露 9.vividly adv.生动地→vivid adj.生动的 10.elegant adj.高雅的,优美的→elegantly adv.高雅地,优雅地→elegance n.高雅,优美 11.lack vt.没有,缺乏n.缺乏;短缺→lacking adj.缺乏的;没有的 12.stimulate vt.刺激,促使,促进→stimulation n.刺激,鼓励→stimulating adj.激励人的;振奋人心的 13.magnificent adj.雄伟的,壮丽的→magnificence n.壮丽;宏伟 14.dirt n.灰尘,尘土→dirty adj.脏的 15.sponsor vt.资助;赞助;主办n.资助者;赞助者→sponsorship n.赞助;资助(款)→sponsored adj. (活动或比赛)为慈善筹款而发起的 16.emperor n.皇帝→empress n.皇后,女皇 17.fond adj.喜爱的;温情的;慈爱的→fondly adv.深情地;温情地;慈爱地→fondness n.喜爱;喜欢 18.frequent adj.经常发生的,频繁的　 v.常去/到某处→frequently adv.频繁地→frequency n.频繁 19.mostly adv.大部分,主要地→most pron. & adv.大多数;非常 20.bare vt.使暴露,露出adj.裸露的;(树木)光秃秃的;(土地)荒芜的;无遮盖的;仅够的→barely adv.仅仅;几乎不 21.shade n. (色彩的)浓淡,深浅,色度;阴凉处;阴影部分　vt.给……遮挡(光线);把……涂暗→shady adj.阴凉的;背阴的 知识点3 必记一词多义 1.load n.[C]①某物的量　②负载;装载量　③很多　vt.&vi. ④把……装上;装载　⑤vt. 大量给予 1)take a load off one’s mind卸下某人的心头重担 loads of/a load of ...许多……(修饰可数或不可数名词) get a load of ...注意,仔细看 2)load ... with ...用……装载…… load ... into/onto ...把……放入/装上…… be loaded with ...装满/富含…… ①They arrived home safe and sound, taking a load off my mind.他们安然无恙地到了家,我如释重负。(续写情感描写) ②We crossed a very busy street loaded with people. Everyone was in a hurry, hustling and bustling.我们穿过一条非常繁忙的街道,路上到处都是人。大家都很匆忙,熙熙攘攘。(续写场景描写) 2.lack vt. ①没有;缺乏　n. ②缺乏;短缺　 shortage 1)lack sth.缺少某物(不用于被动语态) lack for nothing一无所缺;应有尽有 2)for lack of ...因缺乏…… a lack of sth.缺乏某物 3)lacking adj.短缺的;缺乏的 be lacking in ...缺少…… ①The lack of enough practice may result in your failure in the exam.缺乏足够的练习可能会导致你考试不及格。(建议信) ②Lacking/For lack of/Lacking in confidence and experience, Jane was quite at a loss what to do next.由于缺乏自信和经验,简对下一步做什么心里没谱。(续写情感描写) 重难突破・考向精练——自主检测 一、汉译英检测 1. 问候 /ɡriːt/ 2. 广播 /ˈbrɔːdkæst/ 3. 装载；大量 /ləʊd/ 4. 折叠 /fəʊld/ 5. 雕刻 /skʌlpt/ 6. 展览 /ˌeksɪˈbɪʃn/ 7. 优雅的 /ˈelɪɡənt/ 8. 缺乏 /læk/ 9. 刺激 /ˈstɪmjuleɪt/ 10. 雄伟的 /mæɡˈnɪfɪsnt/ 11. 赞助 /ˈspɒnsə(r)/ 12. 生动的 /ˈvɪvɪd/ 答案 1.greet 2.broadcast 3.load 4.fold 5.sculpt 6.exhibition 7.elegant 8.lack 9.stimulate 10.magnificent 11.sponsor 12.vivid 二、英译汉检测 1.neighbourhood /ˈneɪbəhʊd/ 2.demonstrate /ˈdemənstreɪt/ 3.dirt /dɜːt/ 4.fond /fɒnd/ 5.frequent /ˈfriːkwənt/ 6.bare /beə(r)/ 7.shade /ʃeɪd/ 8.portrait /ˈpɔːtrət/ 9.embroidery /ɪmˈbrɔɪdəri/ 10.contemporary /kənˈtemprəri/ 11.carve /kɑːv/ 12.magnificence /mæɡˈnɪfɪsns/ 答案 1.n. 社区，街坊 2.v. 演示；展示 3.n. 尘土 4.adj. 喜爱的 5.adj. 频繁的 6.adj. 裸露的 v. 露出 7.n. 阴影，色调 v. 遮光 8.n. 肖像 9.n. 刺绣品 10.adj. 当代的 11.v. 雕刻 12.n. 宏伟，壮丽 三、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. We exchanged warm ________ (greet) at the art show. 2. The programme will be ________ (broadcast) tomorrow evening. 3. The truck was ________ (load) with traditional art works. 4. She ________ (fold) the paper into a beautiful paper crane. 5. The ________ (sculpt) spent 3 years finishing the statue. 6. Many paintings are on ________ (exhibit) in the gallery. 7. The dancer moved ________ (elegant) on the stage. 8. He ________ (lack) confidence in his painting skills. 9. Good art can ________ (stimulate) people’s imagination. 10. We were attracted by the ________ (magnificence) old palace. 解析 1. greetings：greeting 表示 “问候语” 常用复数，固定搭配 exchange greetings。 2. broadcast：被动语态 be done，broadcast 过去分词同原形。 3. loaded：固定搭配 be loaded with（装满），被动结构。 4. folded：描述过去动作，fold 过去式 folded。 5. sculptor：指人 “雕刻家”，sculpt 动词→sculptor 名词。 6. exhibition：固定短语 on exhibition（展出）。 7. elegantly：副词修饰动词 moved，elegant 变副词 elegantly。 8. lacks：主语 he 三单，一般现在时动词变三单。 9. stimulate：情态动词 can 后使用动词原形。 10. magnificent：修饰名词 palace，magnificence 名词变形容词。 UNIT 5　What an adventure! 基础梳理・自主精练——核心背记 知识点1 教材词汇识记 　　　　　 1.port n.港,港口 2.chapter n.章节 3.oxygen n.氧气 4.thus adv.因此,从而 5.nut n.坚果(仁) 6.ahead adv.在前面 7.charge n.主管,负责 8.guideline n.指导方针,指导原则 9.beneath prep.在……之下,在……正下方 　　　　　 10.ray n.光线,光束 11.liquid n.液体,液态物 12.sheer adj.纯粹的,十足的 13.atom n.原子 14.carpet n.地毯 15.captain n.船长 16.shore n.岸,滨 17.helmet n.头盔,钢盔 18.border n.国界,边界 　　　　　　 19.zone n.地区,地带 20.resident n.居民,住户 21.submarine n.潜(水)艇 22.plaster n.创可贴 23.bandage n.绷带 24.thermometer n.体温计 25.cotton n.棉布,棉纱 26.rubber n.橡胶,合成橡胶 知识点2 热点词形转换 1.initial adj.开始的,最初的→initially adv.最初,首先 2.confirm vt.证明,证实;确认;使确信→confirmation n.证实;证明书 3.crowd n.人群;一群人;民众;观众　vt.挤满;使……拥挤　vi.涌进;蜂拥而至;涌上(心头);涌入(脑海)→crowded adj.拥挤的 4.attempt n.努力;尝试,企图　vt.努力,尝试→attempted adj.企图的;未遂的(用于名词前) 5.failure n.失败;失败的人/物;故障;失灵;未做;未履行→fail v.失败;不及格　出故障;失灵;衰退;未做到;有负于;无能为力→failed adj.失败的;不成功的 6.psychologist n.心理学家→psychology n.心理学→psychological adj.心理的;精神上的 7.thrill n.惊险;刺激;兴奋;令人兴奋的经历;一阵强烈的感觉　vt.使激动,使兴奋→thrilled adj.感到兴奋的→thrilling adj.令人兴奋的 8.unaware adj.未察觉到的,未意识到的→ aware adj.意识到的→awareness n.意识;知道;认识 9.alcohol n.酒精→alcoholic adj.酒精的,含酒精的　n.酒鬼,嗜酒如命者 10.wool n.羊毛,毛织物→woolen adj.羊毛的 11.cloth n.布;抹布→clothing/clothes n.衣服 12.bleeding n.流血,失血→bleed vi.流血;失血　vt.长期榨取(某人的钱)→bled/bled/bleeding(过去式/过去分词/现在分词)→blood n.血;血统→bloody adj.流血的;血腥的 13.injury n.伤,损害→injure vt.使受伤;损害,伤害→injured adj.受伤的 14.stretch vi.延伸,绵延;延续vi. & vt.伸展;舒展　n.一段;一段时间;伸展→stretchy adj.有弹性的;能伸展的 15.servant n.仆人,佣人→serve vt.服务;提供;端上　vi.服役;任职→service n.服务 16.charge n.主管,负责;收费;指控　感染力　vt.收费;控告;指责;充电　猛攻;猛冲→recharge vt.充电;恢复体力;恢复精力;休整→charged adj.带电的;高度兴奋的 17.permit vt.允许,准许,许可;使有可能　 n.许可证→permission n.准许;许可;批准;许可证→permitted/permitted/permitting(过去式/过去分词/现在分词) 18.fascinated adj.被迷住的,被吸引住的→fascinating adj.迷人的,有极大吸引力的→fascinate vt.深深吸引,迷住→fascination n.着迷,极大的吸引力 19.relate v.相关联,有关联;讲述→relation n.关系,联系;亲属→related adj.有关系的,相关联的;有亲属关系的→interrelated adj.相互关联的 20.astonish vt.使吃惊,使惊讶→astonishing adj.令人惊讶的→astonished adj.感到惊讶的→astonishment n.惊讶 21.consume vt.消耗;耗费;吃;喝　使充满(强烈的感情);烧毁→consumer n.消费者→consumption n.消耗,消费 22.distinguish vt.看清,认出;使出众;使著名　vi. & vt.区分;辨别→distinguished adj.卓越的,杰出的→distinguishable adj.可区分的 23.gradually adv.逐渐地,逐步地→gradual adj.逐渐的 24.surround vt.环绕,围绕;(使)包围;与……紧密相关;喜欢结交(某类人);喜欢身边总有(某类东西)→surrounding adj.周围的,附近的→surroundings n.环境 25.wrinkled adj.有皱褶的;有皱纹的→wrinkle n.皱纹;皱褶　v. (使)起皱纹;(使)皱起 26.intensity n. (光、声等的)强度→intense adj.强烈的,激烈的→intensely adv.强烈地,激烈地 27.vibration n.震颤,震动→vibrate v.震动 28.depth n.深,深度;深厚;深刻;最深处→deep adj.深的　adv.深深地→deeply adv.深深地→deepen vt. & vi.加深;加强,变强烈 29.broad adj.宽的,阔的→broaden vi.变宽　vt.扩大;增长 30.male n.雄性动物;男性　adj.雄性的;男的→female n.雌性动物;女性　adj.雌性的;女的 知识点3 必记一词多义 1.crowd n. ①人群;一群人　②民众　vt. ③挤满;使……拥挤　vi. ④涌进;蜂拥而至 1)a crowd of/crowds of一大群;很多 the crowd人群 2)crowd in (on sb.)/crowd into sb.’s mind (想法、问题等)涌上(某人)心头;涌入(某人)脑海 crowd into/in涌入(某地) crowd out挤出 crowd around/round挤在……周围 crowd ... into ...把……塞进…… 3)be crowded with挤满 ①The whole crowd was on its feet, watching, terrified.观众们全部站了起来,惊恐地注视着。 ②Too many uncomfortable thoughts were crowding in on her.她心乱如麻。 ③The air smelled of the best bread baked, and customers soon crowded into the store, making the street crowded (crowd).空气中弥漫着烤得最好的面包的香味,顾客们很快就涌进了商店,使得街上人如潮涌。(续写场景描写) 2.attempt n. 努力;尝试;企图　vt. 努力;尝试;试图 1)make an attempt to do/at sth.试图做某事 at the first attempt第一次尝试 in an attempt to do sth.为了做某事;努力做某事 2)attempt to do sth.努力做某事;企图做某事 ①If you fail at the first attempt, there is no need to be upset about it.如果你第一次尝试失败的话,也没必要为此沮丧。(劝慰信) ②The cat leapt onto the bed. Not wanting cat hair on the bed, I attempted to chase her away.猫跳到床上。我不想床上有猫毛,就试图把她赶走。(续写人与动物) 3.failure n. ①失败　②失败的人(或事物)　③故障;失灵　④未做;未履行 1)end/result in failure以失败告终/导致失败 sb.’s failure to do sth.某人未能做某事 2)fail vt.& vi.失败;不及格;出故障;失灵;衰退;使失望;无能为力 fail to do sth.未能做某事 fail sb.使某人失望 words fail sb./courage fails sb.某人无法表达自己的感受/某人鼓不起勇气 ①To my regret, I will fail to go (go) out with you this weekend.遗憾的是,这周末我不能和你外出了。(道歉信) ②Words failed the mother when she wanted to express her thanks to the twins.当母亲想向双胞胎道谢时,她不知道说什么好。(新高考Ⅰ卷续写) ③Not until then was he aware that the true failure is the failure to learn (learn) from failure.直到那时他才意识到真正的失败是未能从失败中吸取教训。(续写主旨升华) 4.charge n. ①主管;负责　②收费　③指控;谴责　 感染力　vt. ④收费　⑤控告　⑥充电　 vi. & vt. 猛攻;猛冲 ①My English teacher, who has been teaching for twenty years, is in charge of the event.我的英语老师负责该活动,他已经教了二十年书了。(写人短文) ②The shop owner charged me nothing for the noodles, and I felt a wave of warmth and gratitude welling up within me.店主没有收我买面条的钱,我感到一股温暖和感激之情涌上心头。(续写情感描写) ③He came charging into my room and demanded to know what was going on.他冲进我的房间,要求知道发生了什么事。(续写动作描写) 5.permit vt. ①允许,准许;许可　②使有可能　 n. 许可证 ①Much to my disappointment, the school doesn’t permit bringing (bring) my cellphone.令我大为失望的是,学校不允许我带手机。(短文) ②Weather permitting, a winter hike will be launched to get us close to nature and raise us students’health awareness.如果天气允许的话,将举办冬日远足活动,让我们亲近自然并提高我们学生的健康意识。(通知) ③No one is permitted to take photos of the exhibits in the museum without permission (permit).任何人未经允许禁止对博物馆里的展品拍照。(通知) 6.astonish vt. 使十分惊讶;使吃惊　 amaze 1)It astonishes sb. that ...令某人惊讶的是…… What astonishes sb. is ...使某人惊讶的是…… 2)be astonished at/by sth.因/对某事感到惊讶 be astonished to see/find/hear/learn ... 惊讶地看见/发现/听到/得知…… 3)It is astonishing that ...……令人惊讶。 4)in astonishment吃惊地 to one’s astonishment令某人惊讶的是 ①The Great Wall is a must-see for all tourists, where you will be definitely astonished by the splendid scenery.长城是所有游客必看的景点,你一定会被长城壮丽的景色所震撼。(应用文写作之描述事物) ②It astonished me that he nodded after a few seconds of silence.使我惊讶的是,几秒钟的沉默后他点了点头。 ③At the astonishing news, Mary froze with astonishment.听到这个令人吃惊的消息,玛丽惊呆了。(续写情感描写) ④A look of astonishment flashed across his face.他脸上掠过惊讶的神色。 7.distinguish ①vt. 看清;认出　 make out　②vi.& vt. 区分;辨别　③vt. 使有别于　④使出众;使著名 1)distinguish between A and B区分/辨别A和B distinguish A from B使A有别于B 2)distinguish oneself to be/as ...作为……而出名 3)be distinguished for/as ...因/作为……而出名 ①Distinguished (distinguish) for its attractive scenery, Hangzhou witnesses large numbers of tourists every year.杭州以其迷人的风景而闻名遐迩,每年都有大量的游客。(推荐信) ②Reading good books can not only enrich our minds but also teach us to distinguish between right and wrong.读好书既能丰富我们的头脑又能教我们分辨是非。(演讲稿) 8.surround vt. ①环绕,围绕　②包围;围住　 与……紧密相关　④喜欢结交;喜欢身边总有 1)be surrounded by/with ...被……围绕;周围是…… surround oneself with sb./sth.和某人/某物待在一起 2)the surrounding air周围的空气 the surrounding countries附近的国家 ①Of equal importance is to surround yourself with people who have a high level of self-discipline.结交一些高度自律的朋友同样重要。(建议信) ②As the ripples began disappearing, a boy jumped in the river, surrounded Robert’s body from the back and began pulling him to the shore.当涟漪开始消失时,一个男孩跳进河里,从后面环住罗伯特的身体,开始把他往岸边拉。(救人场景描写) 重难突破・考向精练——自主检测 一、汉译英检测 1. 拥挤 /kraʊd/ 2. 尝试 /əˈtempt/ 3. 失败 /ˈfeɪljə(r)/ 4. 使激动 /θrɪl/ 5. 流血 /bliːd/ 6. 负责；充电 /tʃɑːdʒ/ 7. 允许 /pəˈmɪt/ 8. 使惊讶 /əˈstɒnɪʃ/ 9. 区分 /dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃ/ 10. 环绕 /səˈraʊnd/ 11. 逐渐的 /ˈɡrædʒuəl/ 12. 深度 /depθ/ 答案 1.crowd 2.attempt 3.failure 4.thrill 5.bleed 6.charge 7.permit 8.astonish 9.distinguish 10.surround 11.gradual 12.depth 二、英译汉检测 1.initial /ɪˈnɪʃl/ 2.confirm /kənˈfɜːm/ 3.psychologist /saɪˈkɒlədʒɪst/ 4.unaware /ˌʌnəˈweə(r)/ 5.woolen /ˈwʊlən/ 6.stretch /stretʃ/ 7.servant /ˈsɜːvənt/ 8.fascinate /ˈfæsɪneɪt/ 9.consume /kənˈsjuːm/ 10.vibration /vaɪˈbreɪʃn/ 11.intense /ɪnˈtens/ 12.broad /brɔːd/ 答案 1.adj. 最初的 2.v. 确认，证实 3.n. 心理学家 4.adj. 没意识到的 5.adj. 羊毛制的 6.v. 延伸，伸展 7.n. 仆人 8.v. 迷住 9.v. 消耗，耗费 10.n. 震动 11.adj. 强烈的 12.adj. 宽阔的 三、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. The street was ________ (crowd) with tourists during the trip. 2. He made several ________ (attempt) to climb the mountain. 3. His ________ (fail) made him lose confidence temporarily. 4. The little boy felt ________ (thrill) about the adventure trip. 5. His arm was ________ (bleed) after falling on the rock. 6. The teacher is in ________ (charge) of outdoor activities. 7. Weather ________ (permit), we will go hiking tomorrow. 8. We were ________ (astonish) by the amazing valley view. 9. It’s easy ________ (distinguish) the two kinds of rocks. 10. The village ________ (surround) by green mountains. 解析 1. crowded：固定搭配 be crowded with（挤满），形容词作表语。 2. attempts：several 后接可数名词复数。 3. failure：形容词性物主代词 his 后接名词，fail 动词→failure 名词。 4. thrilled：修饰人的感受用 - ed 形容词 be thrilled about。 5. bleeding：was + doing 过去进行时，表示当时正在流血。 6. charge：固定短语 in charge of（负责）。 7. permitting：独立主格结构，weather 与 permit 主动关系，用现在分词。 8. astonished：be astonished by 被…… 震惊，-ed 形容词修饰人。 9. to distinguish：固定句型 It’s easy to do sth.。 10. is surrounded：村庄 “被群山环绕”，一般现在时被动语态。 UNIT 6　Disaster and hope 基础梳理・自主夯基——核心背记 知识点1 教材词汇识记 　　　　　　　 1.tube n.管子 2.plus adj. (用于数字后面表示)多,余 3.midnight n.子夜,午夜 4.lap n. (坐着时的)大腿部 5.otherwise adv.否则,要不然 6.nowhere adv.什么地方都不,无处 　　　　　　　 7.billion num.十亿 8.satellite n.人造卫星 9.county n. (美国等国家的)县;(英国的)郡 10.property n.所有物,资产,财产 11.helicopter n.直升机 　　　　　　　 12.shelter n.庇护,掩蔽 13.hurricane n.飓风 14.tsunami n.海啸 15.typhoon n.台风 16.avalanche n.雪崩 17.blizzard n.暴风雪 18.landslide n.山崩,滑坡 知识点2 热点词形转换 1.erupt v. (火山)爆发,喷发;突然发出(尤指叫喊)→eruption n.爆发;喷发 2.immediately adv.即刻,马上conj.一……就……→immediate adj.立刻的;立即的 3.occur vi.发生;存在于;出现在;被想到→occurrence n.发生;出现;事件→occurred/occurred/occurring (过去式/过去分词/现在分词) 4.announcement n.通告,公告;宣布;宣告→announce vt.宣布;通知;声称→announcer n.广播员;播音员,节目主持人 5.forecast vt.预测,预报→forecast/forecast (过去式/过去分词) 6.grab vt.攫取;抓住;利用　取,拿,吃,喝;吸引　n.抓取;抢夺→grabbed/grabbed/grabbing(过去式/过去分词/现在分词) 7.reliable adj.可信赖的;可靠的→reliably adv.可靠地→reliability n.可靠性→rely vi.信赖;可靠 8.rescue vt. & n.营救;解救→rescuer n.救助者 9.claim vt. & n. (战争、事故等)夺取(生命);宣称;断言→claimant n.要求者;索要者 10.exceptionally adv.极其;非常→exceptional adj.特别的;杰出的→exception n.例外;异议→except prep.除了……之外 11.crisis n.危机→crises (pl.) 12.precisely adv.精确地,准确地→precise adj.精确的;准确的→precision n.精确;准确 13.threat n.威胁,可能会带来危险的人(事)→threaten v.威胁到,危及→threatened adj.受到威胁的 14.mosquito n.蚊子→mosquitoes/mosquitos (pl.) 15.sufficient adj.足够的;充足的→sufficiently adv.足够地;充足地→ insufficient adj.不够的;不足的→sufficiency n.足量;充足 16.shelter n.庇护,掩蔽;避难处　vt.保护;掩蔽　vi.躲避(风雨或危险)→sheltered adj.有遮蔽物的;受庇护的;受到保护的 17.disaster n.灾难;灾祸→disastrous adj.灾难性的;极糟糕的 知识点3 必记一词多义 1.occur vi. (occurred, occurred, occurring) ①发生　②出现　③被想到　 hit, strike sth. occurs to sb.某人突然想起某事 It occurs to/strikes/hits sb. that ...某人突然想起…… It occurs to/strikes/hits sb. to do sth.某人突然想起做某事。 ①Hopefully, measures can be taken to prevent such occurrences (occur) again.希望可以采取措施防止此类事件再次发生。(投诉信) ②He swallowed a lot of new questions that had just occurred to him.他强压住脑海里刚刚出现的许许多多的新问题。 2.rescue v. (rescued, rescued, rescuing) ①营救;解救　n. ②救援;营救 1)rescue ... from ...把……从……营救出来 2)come to the/one’s rescue前来营救(某人) rescue team救援队 the rescue of ...营救…… ①It took the rescuers 80 minutes to rescue the trapped men from the mine.救援人员花费了80分钟才将被困的人从矿井中救出。 ②It was the brave young man that rescued the poor old man from the burning house.正是这个勇敢的年轻人将那个可怜的老人从着火的房子中救出来的。 重难突破・考向精练——自主检测 一、汉译英检测 1.（火山）爆发 /ɪˈrʌpt/ 2. 立刻 /ɪˈmiːdiətli/ 3. 发生 /əˈkɜː(r)/ 4. 宣布 /əˈnaʊns/ 5. 预测 /ˈfɔːkɑːst/ 6. 抓住 /ɡræb/ 7. 可靠的 /rɪˈlaɪəbl/ 8. 营救 /ˈreskjuː/ 9. 威胁 /θret/ 10. 足够的 /səˈfɪʃnt/ 11. 庇护 /ˈʃeltə(r)/ 12. 灾难性的 /dɪˈzɑːstrəs/ 答案 1.erupt 2.immediately 3.occur 4.announce 5.forecast 6.grab 7.reliable 8.rescue 9.threat 10.sufficient 11.shelter 12.disastrous 二、英译汉检测 1.occurrence /əˈkʌrəns/ 2.announcement /əˈnaʊnsmənt/ 3.rescuer /ˈreskjuːə(r)/ 4.claim /kleɪm/ 5.exceptional /ɪkˈsepʃənl/ 6.crisis /ˈkraɪsɪs/ 7.precise /prɪˈsaɪs/ 8.mosquito /məˈskiːtəʊ/ 9.disaster /dɪˈzɑːstə(r)/ 10.eruption /ɪˈrʌpʃn/ 11.threaten /ˈθretn/ 12.sufficiently /səˈfɪʃntli/ 答案 1.n. 事件，发生 2.n. 公告，通知 3.n. 救援人员 4.v. 宣称；夺走生命 5.adj. 杰出的，特殊的 6.n. 危机 7.adj. 精确的 8.n. 蚊子 9.n. 灾难 10.n. 火山爆发 11.v. 威胁 12.adv. 充足地 三、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. The volcanic ________ (erupt) destroyed many houses nearby. 2. ________ (immediate) after the earthquake, rescue teams arrived. 3. Such accidents should not ________ (occur) again. 4. The mayor made an ________ (announce) about disaster prevention. 5. The weather ________ (forecast) heavy rain for three days. 6. He ________ (grab) the child and pulled him away from flood water. 7. We need ________ (rely) information about typhoons. 8. Firefighters came to the ________ (rescue) of trapped villagers. 9. The flood ________ (threaten) all the low-lying areas last night. 10. There isn’t ________ (sufficiency) food for homeless people. 解析 1. eruption：volcanic 形容词修饰名词，erupt 动词→eruption 名词（火山喷发）。 2. Immediately：副词置于句首修饰整个句子，首字母大写。 3. occur：情态动词 should 后接动词原形。 4. announcement：an 后接名词，announce 动词→announcement 公告。 5. forecasts：weather 作单数主语，一般现在时动词三单。 6. grabbed：描述过去救人动作，grab 过去式 grabbed。 7. reliable：修饰名词 information，rely 动词→reliable 形容词（可靠的）。 8. rescue：固定搭配 come to the rescue（前来营救）。 9. threatened：last night 过去时，threat 动词过去式 threatened。 10. sufficient：修饰名词 food，sufficiency 名词变形容词。 1 / 19 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 清单03 外研版必修三词汇 目录导航 01知识脑图·核心脉络搭建——梳理专题框架，搭建知识体系 02考点深研·知能分层突破——深挖高频考点，分层突破重难点 Unit 1 Knowing me, knowing you 基础梳理·自主夯基 知识点1 教材词汇识记 | 知识点2 热点词形转换 | 知识点3 必记熟词生义 重难突破·考向精练 Unit 2 Morals and Virtues 基础梳理·自主夯基 知识点1 教材词汇识记 | 知识点2 热点词形转换 | 知识点3 必记熟词生义 重难突破·考向精练 Unit 3 The world of science 基础梳理·自主夯基 知识点1 教材词汇识记 | 知识点2 热点词形转换 | 知识点3 必记熟词生义 重难突破·考向精练 Unit 4 Amazing art 基础梳理·自主夯基 知识点1 教材词汇识记 | 知识点2 热点词形转换 | 知识点3 必记熟词生义 重难突破·考向精练 Unit 5 What an adventure 基础梳理·自主夯基 知识点1 教材词汇识记 | 知识点2 热点词形转换 | 知识点3 必记熟词生义 重难突破·考向精练 Unit 6 Disaster and hope 基础梳理·自主夯基 知识点1 教材词汇识记 | 知识点2 热点词形转换 | 知识点3 必记熟词生义 重难突破·考向精练 知识脑图·核心脉络搭建 考点深研·知能分层突破 UNIT 1　Knowing me, knowing you 基础梳理・自主夯基——核心背记 知识点1 教材词汇识记 1 / 19 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 　　　　　　 1.signal n.信号;暗号 2.deceive v.欺骗 3.apart adv.分离,分开 4.moreover adv.此外,而且 　　　　　 5.core adj.核心的(课程、团体等) 6.lip n. (嘴)唇 7.fence n.栅栏,围栏,篱笆 8.agony n.痛楚;苦难 　　　　　　 9.tangled adj.纠结的;复杂的 10.web n.蜘蛛网;错综复杂的事物 知识点2 热点词形转换 1.steam n.蒸汽;水蒸气　vi.蒸发;散发蒸汽;冒水汽→steamer n.汽船;蒸笼→steamed adj.蒸熟的,蒸的 2.sink vt.使(船)沉没;使下沉　vi.沉没;下沉;下陷;倒下;坐下;降低;变小→sinking adj.颓丧的;沮丧的→sank(sunk)/sunk/sinking(过去式/过去分词/现在分词) 3.loose adj.说话随便(轻率)的,控制不严的;松的→loosely adv.宽松地→loosen v.变松;解开 4.fault n.责任;过错　vt.找到……的缺点,挑剔→faulty adj.有错误的,有缺陷的→ faultless adj.没有错误的;无缺点的;完美无缺的 5.resolve vt. 解决(问题、困难)　n.决心;坚定的信念→resolution n.解决;决心→resolved adj.坚决的 6.strategy n.计谋;策略;行动计划→strategic adj.战略性的;战略上的→strategically adv.战略性地;战略上 7.breath n.呼出的气;一口气　微量;迹象→breathe vt. & vi.呼吸　vt.呼出;低声说→breathless adj.上气不接下气的;(令人)屏息的,目瞪口呆的→breathlessly adv.气喘吁吁地 8.concern n.忧虑;担心　vt.使担忧;涉及→concerned adj.担忧的→concerning prep.关于 9.annoyed adj.恼怒的;烦恼的→annoying adj.使恼怒的;使生气的→annoy vt.使恼怒;使生气→annoyance n.恼怒;生气 10.adjust vt. & vi.适应,(使)习惯　vt.调整;调节;整理→adjustable adj.可调整的;可调节的→adjustment n.调整;调节 11.duty n.职责,义务;责任→dutiful adj.尽职的;顺从的 12.accident n.意外事件;偶然因素→accidental adj.偶然的;意外的→accidentally adv.偶然地 13.ensure vt.确保,保证→sure adj.确定的 14.complexity n.复杂性,错综复杂→complex adj.复杂的;难懂的 15.forgive vt.原谅,宽恕→forgave/forgiven (过去式/过去分词)→forgiveness n.原谅,宽恕 16.criticise vt.批评,指责→criticism n.批评;责备→critic n.批评家→critical adj.批评的;关键的 17.embarrassment n.尴尬,难为情→embarrass vt.使尴尬→embarrassed adj.感到尴尬的→embarrassing adj.令人尴尬的 18.boxing n.拳击(运动)→box vt. & vi. (拳击运动)击打(某人)　vt.把(某物)装箱(或盒、匣) 19.weave vi. & vt.编,织　 vt.编纂成,编造(故事等)→woven adj.编织的→wove/woven (过去式/过去分词) 20.justify v. 证明(别人认为不合理的事)有道理;为……辩护→justice n.公平,公正→just adj.公正的;正义的 21.tear n.眼泪;泪水vt. & vi.撕裂;撕碎　vt.撕开;撕掉;挣开;拽开→tearful adj.哭泣的;含泪的;催人泪下的→teary adj.泪眼朦胧的 22.frank adj.坦率的,坦诚的,直言不讳的→frankly adv.坦率地,坦诚地 23.independent adj.独立的;自主的→independently adv.独立地;自立地→independence n.独立→depend v.依靠→dependent adj.依靠的 24.latter n.后者→late adj. & adv.迟;晚;接近末期→lately adv.最近;不久前;近来→latest adj.最新的 知识点3 必记一词多义 sink vt. ①使(船)沉没;使下沉　vi. ②沉没;下沉　③倒下;坐下　④降低;变小 sink to沉入;下沉 sink into/to/down/back颓然坐下/重重倒下 one’s heart/spirits sink心情沉重;情绪低落 be sunk in陷入…… a sinking feeling/ship不祥之感/颓丧感/沉船 ①The moment his head hit the pillow, he ________ (sink) into a deep sleep.他的头一碰到枕头,他就沉沉睡着了。 ②Her heart sank. She felt seized by a burst of sadness and couldn’t hold back her tears.她心情沉重。她突然感到很悲伤,忍不住落下泪来。(续写情感描写) signal n. ①信号;暗号　 sign　②标志　 indication　vt.& vi. ③标志着;标明　 indicate　④发信号 1)signal at sb.朝某人打手势 signal (to) sb. to do sth.示意某人做某事 signal (to sb.) that ...示意(某人)…… 2)a signal (for sb.) to do sth. (某人)做某事的信号 ①The Lantern Festival falls on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month, ________ (signal) the end of the Spring Festival celebrations.正月十五是元宵节,标志着春节庆祝活动的结束。(传统文化介绍) ②I ran up to the car, took him by the arm and signalled him ________ (follow) me.我跑向汽车,拉住他的胳膊,示意他跟我走。(续写动作描写) concern n. ①忧虑;担心　②关爱;关心　③重要的事　vt. ③涉及;与……有关　④让……担忧　⑤(对……)感兴趣;关注;关心 1)show/express concern about/for对……表示关心/担心 2)concern sb.让某人担心 concern oneself with/about sth.关心某事/对……感兴趣 3)be concerned about/for ...关心/担心…… be concerned with ...关于……;关心…… as far as ... be concerned就……而言 ①I’m writing to express my genuine concern and share with you some suggestions that might be of some help.我写信表达我诚挚的关心并告诉你一些可能有用的建议。(劝慰信) ②________ (concern) about your illness, we’d like to know how you are feeling now.我们担忧你的病情,想知道你现在怎么样了。(浙江高考电子邮件) ③What concerned me was whether David could pick himself up after falling.让我担心的是大卫能否在摔倒后爬起来。(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷续写) annoyed adj. 恼怒的;烦恼的 1)be annoyed by/about sth.因某事生气 be annoyed with/at sb.生某人的气 2)It annoys sb. that/when/how ...……令某人生气。 3)in annoyance生气地 to one’s annoyance使某人生气的是 ①I’m anxious to complain about the noise constantly annoying me.我急于投诉一直打扰我的噪音。(投诉信) ②________ (annoy) at the children for their misbehavior, she pounded the table with her fist ________ annoyance.她对孩子们不守规矩很生气,恼怒地用拳头捶桌子。(续写情感描写) ③Mary shot him a look of ________ (annoy).玛丽生气地瞪了他一眼。 adjust vi.& vt. ①适应;(使)习惯　 adapt, get used to　vt. ②调整;调节　③整理 1)adjust to (doing) sth.适应(做)某事 adjust oneself to ...使自己适应…… adjust sth.调整/调节某物 adjust ... to ...调整……以适应…… 2)make an adjustment/adjustments to ...对……作出调整 ①In this way, you may adjust yourself to living in China soon.这样,你就能很快适应在中国生活了。(建议信) ②After waving goodbye to the family, I ________ (adjust) my mirror and then edged my car out of the parking place.我向这家人挥手告别后,调整了一下后视镜,然后慢慢地把车开出了停车场。(续写动作描写) tear n. ①眼泪;泪水　vt. & vi. 撕裂;撕碎　vt. ③撕开;撕掉　④挣开;拽开 1)in tears流着泪;含着泪 burst into tears突然大哭起来 fight/hold back tears强忍住泪水 2)tear sth. apart撕碎某物 tear sth. down推倒;拆毁(建筑物) tear sth. to/into pieces把……撕成碎片 tear sth. up把(纸/布)撕碎 tear one’s heart (out)/tear at one’s heart使某人心碎 tear oneself/one’s eyes away from恋恋不舍地把目光从……挪开 ①He hurried out from behind the bar, rushed toward Harry and seized his hand, tears in his eyes.他连忙从吧台后边出来朝哈利跑去,抓起他的手,热泪盈眶。 ②He sat down next to Harry, took one look at him, and ____________________.他在哈利身旁坐下,看了他一眼,突然大哭了起来。 ③Tom was tearing the letters ________ pieces before his eyes.汤姆当着他的面把信撕得粉碎。 ④He finally tore his eyes away from the phone.最后他总算强迫自己不再去看手机。 重难突破・考向精练——自主检测 一、汉译英检测 1. 蒸汽 /stiːm/ 2. 下沉；消沉 /sɪŋk/ 3. 松开；松的 /luːs/ 4. 过错；责任 /fɔːlt/ 5. 解决；决心 /rɪˈzɒlv/ 6. 呼吸 /briːð/ 7. 担忧；涉及 /kənˈsɜːn/ 8. 恼怒的 /əˈnɔɪd/ 9. 调整；适应 /əˈdʒʌst/ 10. 原谅 /fəˈɡɪv/ 11. 尴尬 /ɪmˈbærəsmənt/ 12. 独立 /ˌɪndɪˈpendəns/ 二、英译汉检测 1.signal /ˈsɪɡnəl/ 2.agony /ˈæɡəni/ 3.strategy /ˈstrætədʒi/ 4.breath /breθ/ 5.accident /ˈæksɪdənt/ 6.criticise /ˈkrɪtɪsaɪz/ 7.tear /teə(r)/ v. /tɪə(r)/ n. 8.frank /fræŋk/ 9.dependent /dɪˈpendənt/ 10.latter /ˈlætə(r)/ 11.weave /wiːv/ 12.justice /ˈdʒʌstɪs/ 三、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. Her heart ________ (sink) when she heard the bad news. 2. He spoke ________ (loose) without thinking twice. 3. We need a practical ________ (resolve) to solve the conflict. 4. ________ (concern) about her son, she couldn’t fall asleep. 5. Don’t be ________ (annoy) with small trivial things. 6. It took him a long time ________ (adjust) to the new school life. 7. I will never ________ (forgive) him for lying to me. 8. Her face turned red with ________ (embarrass). 9. Young people want to live an ________ (depend) life. 10. He ________ (weave) a wonderful story to comfort the kid yesterday. UNIT 2　Making a difference 基础梳理・自主夯基——核心背记 知识点1 教材词汇识记 　　　　　　　 1.cancer n.癌症 2.military n.军队 3.disease n.疾病,病 4.aid v.帮助;援助 　　　　　　　 5.institution n.机构,团体 6.certificate n.证明书,证书 7.drug n.药物,药材 8.fountain n.喷水池 　　　　　　　 9.ministry n. (政府的)部 10.territory n.地区,地方 11.mission n.职责,使命 知识点2 热点词形转换 1.contribution n.贡献;捐款;稿件;促成作用→contribute v.贡献;捐赠;撰稿;增进;是……的原因之一→contributor n.促成物;捐款者 2.relief n.减轻,缓解→relieve vt.解除,减轻;缓解→relieved adj.感到宽慰的;放心的;显得开心的 3.shortage n.短缺,不足,缺乏→short adj.不足的,短缺的→shortly adv.不多时;不久;立刻;马上→shorten v. (使)变短,缩短 4.internal adj.内部的→ external adj.外部的 5.effective adj.有效的,产生预期效果的→effect n.影响;结果;效果→affect v.影响 6.fund vt.为……提供资金,资助　n.基金→funds n.资金;现款→funder n.资金赞助者 7.recycle vt.再利用,回收利用→recyclable adj.可回收利用的;可再循环的→recycling n.回收利用;循环利用 8.earn vt.挣(钱);获(利);应得;博得;赢得→earnings n.薪水;工资;收入 9.donate vt.捐赠,捐献→donation n.捐赠,捐款→donor n.捐赠者 10.foundation n.基金会→found vt.创建,创办→founder n.创建者 11.insight n.顿悟,猛醒;洞察力;眼光→insightful adj.有深刻了解的;富有洞察力的 12.perseverance n.不屈不挠,坚持不懈→persevere vi.坚持;孜孜以求→persevering adj.坚韧不拔的;不屈不挠的 13.reality n.真实,现实→real adj.真实的→really adv.真正地;事实上地→realize/-ise vt.实现 14.extend vt.持续;延伸,延长;伸展;展开;给予→extension n.延长;延伸;延期;延长期→extensive adj.广阔的;广泛的;广大的→extended adj.长期的;延长了的;扩展了的 15.disability n.残疾,残障→disable vt.使残疾;使丧失能力　使无效;使不能运转→disabled adj.有残疾的,丧失能力的 16.sensitive adj.敏感的;容易生气的;灵敏的　体贴的;体恤的→sensitivity n.敏感(性);容易生气;灵敏度;体贴;体恤 17.generous adj.慷慨的,大方的→generosity n.慷慨,大方→generously adv.慷慨地,大方地 18.hesitate v.迟疑,犹豫　vi.顾虑;疑虑→hesitation n.犹豫→hesitant adj.迟疑的→hesitantly adv.迟疑地 19.royal adj.王室的;皇家的;高贵的n.王室成员→royally adv.隆重地 20.assistance n.帮助,援助→assist vt.帮助;援助→assistant n.助手;助理 21.registration n.登记,注册;挂号→register vt. & vi.登记;注册　显示(读数);记录;流露出;显得→registry n.登记处;注册处→deregister vt.撤销注册 22.confirmation n.证实,证明→confirm vt.证实,确认;使确信→confirmed adj.成习惯的;根深蒂固的 23.temporary adj.短期的,短暂的,临时的→temporarily adv.临时地 24.achievement n.成绩,成就→achieve vt.取得→achievable adj.可完成的;可达到的 25.chief adj.最高级别的,首席的→chiefly adv.首要地,主要地 26.major adj.重要的,主要的　vi.主修→majority n.大部分,大多数→majorly adv.非常地;极端地 27.treatment n.治疗,疗法→treat vt.治疗,对待;处理;把……看作　 n.乐事;款待 28.obtain vt.获得,得到→obtainable adj.可获得的;可得到的 29.further adj.更多的,附加的　adv.较远,更远;进一步　 vt.促进;增进→far adj.较远的;远的;远方的　adv. (距离)远,时间久;(程度)……得多→farther adv.更远,较远　adj.更远的,较远的 知识点3 必记一词多义 relief n. (焦虑、痛苦的)减轻或消除;(不快过后的)宽慰、轻松或解脱 1)to one’s relief令某人感到欣慰的是 It is a relief to do sth.做某事很放心/舒心。 in/with relief如释重负;松了口气 What a relief!可轻松了! breathe a sigh of relief/sigh with relief松了口气 a sense of relief解脱感 2)relieve sb. of ...解除某人……方面的负担 ①We all breathed a sigh of relief when we heard they were safe.听到他们平安无事时,我们都松了口气。 ②It was such a relief to hear that Marta was found safe and sound.听到玛尔塔安然无恙地被找到,真是如释重负。 ③A ________ (relieve) smile spread across his face.他脸上绽开了宽心的笑容。 hesitate vi. ①迟疑;犹豫　②顾虑;疑虑 1)hesitate to do sth.迟疑做某事 hesitate about/over (doing) sth. (做)某事犹豫不决 2)without hesitation毫不犹豫地 have no hesitation in doing sth.毫不犹豫地做某事 ①If you have any questions, don’t hesitate ________ (ask) me.如果你有任何问题,随时问我。(告知信) ②________ hesitation she went to Simon and gave him a big hug.她毫不犹豫地朝西蒙走过去,并给了他一个大大的拥抱。 assistance n.帮助;援助　 help, aid 1)with the assistance of ...在……的帮助下 be of assistance to sb.有助于某人 turn to sb. for assistance向某人求助 2)assist sb. in doing sth./assist sb. to do sth.帮助某人做某事 assist (sb.) with/in sth.帮助(某人)某事 ①I’m wondering if you could assist me in choosing/to choose the suitable topics for the class meeting.我想知道你能否帮助我选择合适的班会主题。(求助信) ②________ the assistance of their father, the twins managed to make tasty breakfast.在他们爸爸的帮助下,双胞胎设法做好了美味的早餐。(新高考Ⅰ卷续写) aid vt. (aided, aided, aiding) ①帮助;援助;资助　n.[U]②帮助;援助;资助 1)give/perform first aid进行急救 with the aid of ...在……的帮助下 come to sb.’s aid帮助某人 2)aid sb. in doing sth./aid sb. to do sth.帮助某人做某事 aid sb. with/in sth.帮助某人某事 ①The lady was grateful that she was aided in looking after the children by her niece.女士很感激有她侄女帮她一起照看小孩。 ②One of the staff saw he was in difficulty and came to his aid.一名工作人员见他有困难,便过来帮忙。 重难突破・考向精练——自主检测 一、汉译英检测 1. 贡献；捐献 /kənˈtrɪbjuːt/ 2. 宽慰；缓解 /rɪˈliːf/ 3. 短缺 /ˈʃɔːtɪdʒ/ 4. 有效的 /ɪˈfektɪv/ 5. 捐赠 /dəʊˈneɪt/ 6. 坚持不懈 /ˌpɜːsəˈvɪərəns/ 7. 慷慨的 /ˈdʒenərəs/ 8. 犹豫 /ˈhezɪteɪt/ 9. 协助 /əˈsɪst/ 10. 确认；证实 /kənˈfɜːm/ 11. 临时的 /ˈtemprəri/ 12. 成就 /əˈtʃiːvmənt/ 二、英译汉检测 1.aid /eɪd/ 2.mission /ˈmɪʃn/ 3.foundation /faʊnˈdeɪʃn/ 4.insight /ˈɪnsaɪt/ 5.reality /riˈæləti/ 6.extend /ɪkˈstend/ 7.disability /ˌdɪsəˈbɪləti/ 8.treatment /ˈtriːtmənt/ 9.obtain /əbˈteɪn/ 10.royal /ˈrɔɪəl/ 11.registration /ˌredʒɪˈstreɪʃn/ 12.chief /tʃiːf/ 三、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. Everyone should make ________ (contribute) to public charity. 2. To our great ________ (relieve), the patient got better. 3. The factory closed for ________ (short) of raw materials. 4. This new medicine is highly ________ (effect) on colds. 5. Many citizens ________ (donate) money to the disabled last month. 6. His ________ (persevere) finally helped him achieve his dream. 7. It’s very ________ (generosity) of him to help poor students. 8. Don’t hesitate ________ (ask) for help when you are in trouble. 9. She often ________ (assist) me with my English study. 10. Please wait for the ________ (confirm) of your application. UNIT 3　The world of science 基础梳理・自主夯基——核心背记 知识点1 教材词汇识记 　　　　　　 1.flash n.闪光 2.battery n.电池 3.metal n.金属 4.cure n.药剂;疗法 　　　　　　 5.beyond prep.无法…… 6.procedure n.程序,步骤,手续 7.species n.物种 8.gravity n.重力,引力 　　　　　　　　 9.instance n.例子,实例 10.extraordinary adj.非凡的,出色的 11.lightning n.闪电 12.draft v.起草,草拟 知识点2 热点词形转换 1.press vt.按;压;挤;推;将……塞进;推搡着移动;敦促;坚持;反复强调　n.新闻界;印刷媒体→pressing adj.紧迫的;迫切的→pressed adj.紧缺的;压平的→pressure n.压力;压强;挤压;催促;要求　vt.逼迫;使迫不得已 2.shoot vt. & vi.射出(光线等),放射;射杀;射伤;猎杀;冲,奔,扑,射,飞驰;突然把……投向;拍摄;射门;投篮→shooting n.枪击;枪杀;拍摄→shot n.枪(或炮)声;射门;照片;尝试→shot/shot/shooting (过去式/过去分词/现在分词) 3.virtual adj.虚拟的,模拟的;很接近的;事实上的→virtually adv.虚拟地;事实上 4.flexible adj.易弯曲的,柔韧的;灵活的→flexibly adv.灵活地;有弹性地→flexibility n.灵活性;适应性→inflexible adj.僵化的;缺乏弹性的 5.compute vt.计算→computer n.计算机 6.capable adj.有能力的;能力强的→capability n.能力→capably adv.能干地;有能力地 7.stuff n.东西,物品　vt.填满;塞满;把……塞进(或填进);给……装馅;(使)吃撑→stuffed adj.塞满了的;吃饱了的 8.desire n.渴望,欲望　vt.渴望;期望→desirable adj.值得拥有的;值得做的→undesirable adj.不受欢迎的;不利的 9.passive adj.被动的→passively adv.被动地→ active adj.主动的 10.significant adj.重要的,影响深远的→significance n.重要性;意义→significantly adv.明显地;有重大意义地→insignificant adj.微不足道的;无足轻重的 11.injure vt.使受伤,弄伤→injured adj.受伤的,受损害的→injury n.伤害,损害;受伤处→uninjured adj.未受伤的 12.chemist n.化学家;药剂师→chemical adj.与化学有关的;化学的　n.化学制品;化学品→chemistry n.化学 13.astronomer n.天文学家→astronomy n.天文学→astronaut n.宇航员 14.biologist n.生物学家→biology n.生物学→biological adj.生物学的;生物的 15.accurate adj.精确的→accurately adv.精确地;准确地→accuracy n.精确(性) 16.minor adj.小的→minority n.少数民族,少数派→ major adj.主要的,大的 17.origin n.起源,起因→original adj.原始的,独创的→originally adv.最初地,本来地→originality n.独创性;创意→originate vi.起源;发端于 18.brilliant adj.聪颖的;才华横溢的;明亮的;杰出的→brilliance n.才华;光辉;光彩 19.theory n.学说;理论→theoretical adj.理论上的→theoretically adv.理论上 20.mental adj.精神的;精神健康的→mentally adv.精神上 21.stream n.小河;小溪　vt.流播;流出　vi.流动;鱼贯而行;一个接一个地移动→live-stream vt. & n.实时流播;网络直播→mainstream n.主流adj.主流的 22.declaration n.声明,宣告→declare v.公布;宣布;宣称;断言→declarer n.宣告者 23.experiment n. (科学)实验　v.做实验→experimental adj.实验性的;科学实验的→experimentally adv.实验性地 24.fiction n.虚构的事,想象的事→fictional adj.虚构的;编造的;小说(中)的 25.attach v.系,绑;贴;认为有重要性(或意义、价值、分量等);重视;(使)与……有联系;与……有关联→attached adj.附加的;附属的;依恋的→attachment n.依恋;爱慕;附件,附属物 26.conduct vt.传导(热、电);组织;安排;带领　n.行为;举止;管理方法→misconduct n.失职;行为不端→conductor n.导体;指挥;售票员→conductive adj.传导的→conduction n.传导 27.scientific adj.科学(上)的→scientifically adv.科学上→science n.科学;技术→scientist n.科学家 28.entirely adv.完全地,彻底地→entire adj.全部的;整个的;完全的 29.proof n.证明,证据→proofs (pl.)→prove vt.证明;证实linking v.证明是 30.account n.账户;账目;账号;说明;叙述;记述;描述　vt.认为是;视为→accountant n.会计;会计师 知识点3 必记一词多义 press vt. ①按;压　②挤,推　③将……塞进　④推搡着移动　⑤催促;敦促　n. ⑥新闻界　⑦印刷媒体 1)press a button / switch按下按钮/开关 press sth. against ...把某物贴在…… press sb. to do sth.敦促某人做某事 press sth. into ...把某物塞入/按入…… 2)a press conference新闻发布会 3)under pressure在压力之下 ①To our shock, the manager was pressed ________ (take) immediate action at the press conference.使我们震惊的是,这个经理在记者招待会上被要求立即采取行动。(续写情感描写) ②After I pressed the button, the lady pressed a large amount of money ________ my bag.我按下按钮后,那位女士把一大笔钱塞进我的包里。(续写动作描写) ③He pressed his nose against the window, narrowed his eyes and glanced down at the pavement.他把鼻子贴在了窗户上,眯起眼睛往下看了一眼人行道。(续写动作描写) desire n. ①渴望;欲望　vt. ②渴望;期望 1)have a strong desire to do sth./for sth.迫切要做某事/急于得到某物 have no desire to do sth.不想做某事 2)desire to do sth.渴望做某事 desire sb. to do sth.想要某人做某事 desire that ... (should) do sth.渴望……做某事 ①Learning you have ________ strong desire to learn Chinese well, I’d like to offer you some suggestions.得知你很想学好汉语,我想给你一些建议。(建议信) ②They desired their father to tell them how to make sandwiches, and he nodded.他们想要父亲告诉他们如何做三明治,他点了点头。(续写动作描写) significant adj. ①重要的,影响深远的　②显著的 1)be of (great/no/little) significance to ...对……(很/不)重要 attach (great) significance to (doing) sth.认为(做)某事(很)重要 2)be significant for对……是重要的 It is significant that ...很明显…… ①There is no denying that ocean conservation is ________ vital significance.不可否认,海洋保护至关重要。(2022·全国甲卷倡议书) ②It is significant ________ the greatest gift of life is friendship.很明显,生命中最珍贵的礼物是友谊。(续写主旨升华) injure vt. 使受伤;弄伤 1)injure sth./sb.使某物/某人受伤 be/get seriously/slightly injured受重伤/轻伤 injure one’s pride/reputation/feelings伤害某人的自尊/名誉/情感 2)the injured伤员 3)do sb./oneself an injury/do an injury to sb./oneself伤害某人/自己 ①I fell down the stairs and ________ (injure) my back.我跌下楼梯,背部受了伤。 ②She gently cupped the small injured bird in her hands.她双手合起轻轻捧着受伤的小鸟。 ③He lost control of the car, crashed into the truck and got seriously injured.他的汽车失控,撞上了卡车,受了重伤。(续写事故主题) ④He escaped with only minor ________ (injure).他逃过了这一劫,仅仅受了点轻伤。 attach vt. ①系;绑;贴　②认为有重要性(或意义、价值等);重视　③(使)与……有联系;与……有关联 1)attach ... to ...把……系/贴/附在……之上 attach importance/significance to ...重视;认为……有意义 2)be attached to sb./sth.依恋;附属于;爱慕某人/某物 ①Handwriting is of such great importance that everyone should attach great importance ________ it.书写至关重要,每个人都应重视。(倡议书) ②She spotted a box lying on the table with a card ________ (attach) to it, saying“Happy Birthday”.她看到桌子上放着一个盒子,盒子上贴着一张卡片,上面写着“生日快乐”。 重难突破・考向精练——自主检测 一、汉译英检测 1. 按压；新闻界 /pres/ 2. 拍摄；射击 /ʃuːt/ 3. 灵活的 /ˈfleksəbl/ 4. 有能力的 /ˈkeɪpəbl/ 5. 渴望 /dɪˈzaɪə(r)/ 6. 重要的 /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt/ 7. 使受伤 /ˈɪndʒə(r)/ 8. 依附；重视 /əˈtætʃ/ 9. 传导；组织 /kənˈdʌkt/ 10. 精确的 /ˈækjərət/ 11. 起源 /ˈɒrɪdʒɪn/ 12. 天才的 /ˈbrɪliənt/ 二、英译汉检测 1.virtual /ˈvɜːtʃuəl/ 2.stuff /stʌf/ 3.passive /ˈpæsɪv/ 4.minor /ˈmaɪnə(r)/ 5.mental /ˈmentl/ 6.stream /striːm/ 7.experiment /ɪkˈsperɪmənt/ 8.proof /pruːf/ 9.account /əˈkaʊnt/ 10.chemical /ˈkemɪkl/ 11.astronomer /əˈstrɒnəmə(r)/ 12.instance /ˈɪnstəns/ 三、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. People attach great ________ (signify) to environmental protection. 2. He was seriously ________ (injure) in the lab accident. 3. We all ________ (desire) to make great scientific discoveries. 4. This machine is ________ (capability) of finishing the task quickly. 5. We should ________ (conduct) experiments carefully and safely. 6. The ________ (origin) plan was much better than the new one. 7. His ________ (brilliance) made all teachers admire him. 8. Don’t put too much ________ (press) on young scientists. 9. The data is ________ (accuracy) enough for our research. 10. We are ________ (flexibility) to adjust our research methods. UNIT 4　Amazing art 基础梳理・自主夯基——核心背记 知识点1 教材词汇识记 　　　　　　 1.stair n.楼梯 2.wine n.葡萄酒 3.battle n.战斗,战役 v.搏斗,奋斗 4.vase n.花瓶 　　　　　　 5.needle n.缝衣针 6.selfie n.自拍照 7.seal n.印章,图章 8.portrait n.人物照片,肖像 9.embroidery n.刺绣图案;刺绣品 　　　　　　　　 10.contemporary adj.当代的 11.carve v.刻(图形或字母) 12.hoof n.蹄　 (pl.hooves) 13.gallop v. (马)飞奔,疾驰 14.cigarette n.香烟 知识点2 热点词形转换 1.greet vt.问候;迎接;招呼→greeting n.问候,招呼→greetings n.贺词;问候语 2.broadcast n.广播节目,电视节目　vt. & vi.播送;广播;传播→broadcast/ broadcast /broadcasting (过去式/过去分词/现在分词)→broadcasting n.节目制作和播放;广播→broadcaster n.广播员;广播公司 3.load n.某物的量;负载;装载量;很多　vt. & vi.把……装上;装载　vt.大量给予→loaded adj.装满的;富含某物 4.fold vt.折起;包;裹　vt. & vi. (可)折小;(可)叠平→ unfold vt. (使)展开;打开　vt. & vi. (使)逐渐展现;展示;透露→folding adj.折叠式的;可折叠的 5.sculptor n.雕刻家,雕塑家→sculpture n.雕像;雕塑品→sculpt vt.雕刻;雕塑 6.exhibition n.展出,展览→exhibit v.展出,展览;表现n.展览品,陈列品 7.neighbourhood n.社区,街坊→neighbour n.邻居→neighbouring adj.邻近的;附近的;毗邻的 8.demonstrate vt.示范,演示;表达;表露→demonstration n.示范,演示;表达;表露 9.vividly adv.生动地→vivid adj.生动的 10.elegant adj.高雅的,优美的→elegantly adv.高雅地,优雅地→elegance n.高雅,优美 11.lack vt.没有,缺乏n.缺乏;短缺→lacking adj.缺乏的;没有的 12.stimulate vt.刺激,促使,促进→stimulation n.刺激,鼓励→stimulating adj.激励人的;振奋人心的 13.magnificent adj.雄伟的,壮丽的→magnificence n.壮丽;宏伟 14.dirt n.灰尘,尘土→dirty adj.脏的 15.sponsor vt.资助;赞助;主办n.资助者;赞助者→sponsorship n.赞助;资助(款)→sponsored adj. (活动或比赛)为慈善筹款而发起的 16.emperor n.皇帝→empress n.皇后,女皇 17.fond adj.喜爱的;温情的;慈爱的→fondly adv.深情地;温情地;慈爱地→fondness n.喜爱;喜欢 18.frequent adj.经常发生的,频繁的　 v.常去/到某处→frequently adv.频繁地→frequency n.频繁 19.mostly adv.大部分,主要地→most pron. & adv.大多数;非常 20.bare vt.使暴露,露出adj.裸露的;(树木)光秃秃的;(土地)荒芜的;无遮盖的;仅够的→barely adv.仅仅;几乎不 21.shade n. (色彩的)浓淡,深浅,色度;阴凉处;阴影部分　vt.给……遮挡(光线);把……涂暗→shady adj.阴凉的;背阴的 知识点3 必记一词多义 load n.[C]①某物的量　②负载;装载量　③很多　vt.&vi. ④把……装上;装载　⑤vt. 大量给予 1)take a load off one’s mind卸下某人的心头重担 loads of/a load of ...许多……(修饰可数或不可数名词) get a load of ...注意,仔细看 2)load ... with ...用……装载…… load ... into/onto ...把……放入/装上…… be loaded with ...装满/富含…… ①They arrived home safe and sound, taking a load ________ my mind.他们安然无恙地到了家,我如释重负。(续写情感描写) ②We crossed a very busy street loaded with people. Everyone was in a hurry, hustling and bustling.我们穿过一条非常繁忙的街道,路上到处都是人。大家都很匆忙,熙熙攘攘。(续写场景描写) lack vt. ①没有;缺乏　n. ②缺乏;短缺　 shortage 1)lack sth.缺少某物(不用于被动语态) lack for nothing一无所缺;应有尽有 2)for lack of ...因缺乏…… a lack of sth.缺乏某物 3)lacking adj.短缺的;缺乏的 be lacking in ...缺少…… ①The lack ________ enough practice may result in your failure in the exam.缺乏足够的练习可能会导致你考试不及格。(建议信) ②Lacking/For lack of/Lacking in confidence and experience, Jane was quite at a loss what to do next.由于缺乏自信和经验,简对下一步做什么心里没谱。(续写情感描写) 重难突破・考向精练——自主检测 一、汉译英检测 1. 问候 /ɡriːt/ 2. 广播 /ˈbrɔːdkæst/ 3. 装载；大量 /ləʊd/ 4. 折叠 /fəʊld/ 5. 雕刻 /skʌlpt/ 6. 展览 /ˌeksɪˈbɪʃn/ 7. 优雅的 /ˈelɪɡənt/ 8. 缺乏 /læk/ 9. 刺激 /ˈstɪmjuleɪt/ 10. 雄伟的 /mæɡˈnɪfɪsnt/ 11. 赞助 /ˈspɒnsə(r)/ 12. 生动的 /ˈvɪvɪd/ 二、英译汉检测 1.neighbourhood /ˈneɪbəhʊd/ 2.demonstrate /ˈdemənstreɪt/ 3.dirt /dɜːt/ 4.fond /fɒnd/ 5.frequent /ˈfriːkwənt/ 6.bare /beə(r)/ 7.shade /ʃeɪd/ 8.portrait /ˈpɔːtrət/ 9.embroidery /ɪmˈbrɔɪdəri/ 10.contemporary /kənˈtemprəri/ 11.carve /kɑːv/ 12.magnificence /mæɡˈnɪfɪsns/ 三、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. We exchanged warm ________ (greet) at the art show. 2. The programme will be ________ (broadcast) tomorrow evening. 3. The truck was ________ (load) with traditional art works. 4. She ________ (fold) the paper into a beautiful paper crane. 5. The ________ (sculpt) spent 3 years finishing the statue. 6. Many paintings are on ________ (exhibit) in the gallery. 7. The dancer moved ________ (elegant) on the stage. 8. He ________ (lack) confidence in his painting skills. 9. Good art can ________ (stimulate) people’s imagination. 10. We were attracted by the ________ (magnificence) old palace. UNIT 5　What an adventure! 基础梳理・自主精练——核心背记 知识点1 教材词汇识记 　　　　　 1.port n.港,港口 2.chapter n.章节 3.oxygen n.氧气 4.thus adv.因此,从而 5.nut n.坚果(仁) 6.ahead adv.在前面 7.charge n.主管,负责 8.guideline n.指导方针,指导原则 9.beneath prep.在……之下,在……正下方 　　　　　 10.ray n.光线,光束 11.liquid n.液体,液态物 12.sheer adj.纯粹的,十足的 13.atom n.原子 14.carpet n.地毯 15.captain n.船长 16.shore n.岸,滨 17.helmet n.头盔,钢盔 18.border n.国界,边界 　　　　　　 19.zone n.地区,地带 20.resident n.居民,住户 21.submarine n.潜(水)艇 22.plaster n.创可贴 23.bandage n.绷带 24.thermometer n.体温计 25.cotton n.棉布,棉纱 26.rubber n.橡胶,合成橡胶 知识点2 热点词形转换 1.initial adj.开始的,最初的→initially adv.最初,首先 2.confirm vt.证明,证实;确认;使确信→confirmation n.证实;证明书 3.crowd n.人群;一群人;民众;观众　vt.挤满;使……拥挤　vi.涌进;蜂拥而至;涌上(心头);涌入(脑海)→crowded adj.拥挤的 4.attempt n.努力;尝试,企图　vt.努力,尝试→attempted adj.企图的;未遂的(用于名词前) 5.failure n.失败;失败的人/物;故障;失灵;未做;未履行→fail v.失败;不及格　出故障;失灵;衰退;未做到;有负于;无能为力→failed adj.失败的;不成功的 6.psychologist n.心理学家→psychology n.心理学→psychological adj.心理的;精神上的 7.thrill n.惊险;刺激;兴奋;令人兴奋的经历;一阵强烈的感觉　vt.使激动,使兴奋→thrilled adj.感到兴奋的→thrilling adj.令人兴奋的 8.unaware adj.未察觉到的,未意识到的→ aware adj.意识到的→awareness n.意识;知道;认识 9.alcohol n.酒精→alcoholic adj.酒精的,含酒精的　n.酒鬼,嗜酒如命者 10.wool n.羊毛,毛织物→woolen adj.羊毛的 11.cloth n.布;抹布→clothing/clothes n.衣服 12.bleeding n.流血,失血→bleed vi.流血;失血　vt.长期榨取(某人的钱)→bled/bled/bleeding(过去式/过去分词/现在分词)→blood n.血;血统→bloody adj.流血的;血腥的 13.injury n.伤,损害→injure vt.使受伤;损害,伤害→injured adj.受伤的 14.stretch vi.延伸,绵延;延续vi. & vt.伸展;舒展　n.一段;一段时间;伸展→stretchy adj.有弹性的;能伸展的 15.servant n.仆人,佣人→serve vt.服务;提供;端上　vi.服役;任职→service n.服务 16.charge n.主管,负责;收费;指控　感染力　vt.收费;控告;指责;充电　猛攻;猛冲→recharge vt.充电;恢复体力;恢复精力;休整→charged adj.带电的;高度兴奋的 17.permit vt.允许,准许,许可;使有可能　 n.许可证→permission n.准许;许可;批准;许可证→permitted/permitted/permitting(过去式/过去分词/现在分词) 18.fascinated adj.被迷住的,被吸引住的→fascinating adj.迷人的,有极大吸引力的→fascinate vt.深深吸引,迷住→fascination n.着迷,极大的吸引力 19.relate v.相关联,有关联;讲述→relation n.关系,联系;亲属→related adj.有关系的,相关联的;有亲属关系的→interrelated adj.相互关联的 20.astonish vt.使吃惊,使惊讶→astonishing adj.令人惊讶的→astonished adj.感到惊讶的→astonishment n.惊讶 21.consume vt.消耗;耗费;吃;喝　使充满(强烈的感情);烧毁→consumer n.消费者→consumption n.消耗,消费 22.distinguish vt.看清,认出;使出众;使著名　vi. & vt.区分;辨别→distinguished adj.卓越的,杰出的→distinguishable adj.可区分的 23.gradually adv.逐渐地,逐步地→gradual adj.逐渐的 24.surround vt.环绕,围绕;(使)包围;与……紧密相关;喜欢结交(某类人);喜欢身边总有(某类东西)→surrounding adj.周围的,附近的→surroundings n.环境 25.wrinkled adj.有皱褶的;有皱纹的→wrinkle n.皱纹;皱褶　v. (使)起皱纹;(使)皱起 26.intensity n. (光、声等的)强度→intense adj.强烈的,激烈的→intensely adv.强烈地,激烈地 27.vibration n.震颤,震动→vibrate v.震动 28.depth n.深,深度;深厚;深刻;最深处→deep adj.深的　adv.深深地→deeply adv.深深地→deepen vt. & vi.加深;加强,变强烈 29.broad adj.宽的,阔的→broaden vi.变宽　vt.扩大;增长 30.male n.雄性动物;男性　adj.雄性的;男的→female n.雌性动物;女性　adj.雌性的;女的 知识点3 必记一词多义 crowd n. ①人群;一群人　②民众　vt. ③挤满;使……拥挤　vi. ④涌进;蜂拥而至 1)a crowd of/crowds of一大群;很多 the crowd人群 2)crowd in (on sb.)/crowd into sb.’s mind (想法、问题等)涌上(某人)心头;涌入(某人)脑海 crowd into/in涌入(某地) crowd out挤出 crowd around/round挤在……周围 crowd ... into ...把……塞进…… 3)be crowded with挤满 ①The whole crowd was on its feet, watching, terrified.观众们全部站了起来,惊恐地注视着。 ②Too many uncomfortable thoughts were ________________ her.她心乱如麻。 ③The air smelled of the best bread baked, and customers soon crowded ________ the store, making the street ________ (crowd).空气中弥漫着烤得最好的面包的香味,顾客们很快就涌进了商店,使得街上人如潮涌。(续写场景描写) attempt n. 努力;尝试;企图　vt. 努力;尝试;试图 1)make an attempt to do/at sth.试图做某事 at the first attempt第一次尝试 in an attempt to do sth.为了做某事;努力做某事 2)attempt to do sth.努力做某事;企图做某事 ①If you fail ________ the first attempt, there is no need to be upset about it.如果你第一次尝试失败的话,也没必要为此沮丧。(劝慰信) ②The cat leapt onto the bed. Not wanting cat hair on the bed, I attempted to chase her away.猫跳到床上。我不想床上有猫毛,就试图把她赶走。(续写人与动物) failure n. ①失败　②失败的人(或事物)　③故障;失灵　④未做;未履行 1)end/result in failure以失败告终/导致失败 sb.’s failure to do sth.某人未能做某事 2)fail vt.& vi.失败;不及格;出故障;失灵;衰退;使失望;无能为力 fail to do sth.未能做某事 fail sb.使某人失望 words fail sb./courage fails sb.某人无法表达自己的感受/某人鼓不起勇气 ①To my regret, I will fail ________ (go) out with you this weekend.遗憾的是,这周末我不能和你外出了。(道歉信) ②Words failed the mother when she wanted to express her thanks to the twins.当母亲想向双胞胎道谢时,她不知道说什么好。(新高考Ⅰ卷续写) ③Not until then was he aware that the true failure is the failure ________ (learn) from failure.直到那时他才意识到真正的失败是未能从失败中吸取教训。(续写主旨升华) charge n. ①主管;负责　②收费　③指控;谴责　 感染力　vt. ④收费　⑤控告　⑥充电　 vt.& vi.猛攻;猛冲 ①My English teacher, who has been teaching for twenty years, is ________ charge of the event.我的英语老师负责该活动,他已经教了二十年书了。(写人短文) ②The shop owner charged me nothing ________ the noodles, and I felt a wave of warmth and gratitude welling up within me.店主没有收我买面条的钱,我感到一股温暖和感激之情涌上心头。(续写情感描写) ③He came charging into my room and demanded to know what was going on.他冲进我的房间,要求知道发生了什么事。(续写动作描写) permit vt. ①允许,准许;许可　②使有可能　 n. 许可证 ①Much to my disappointment, the school doesn’t permit ________ (bring) my cellphone.令我大为失望的是,学校不允许我带手机。(短文) ②Weather permitting, a winter hike will be launched to get us close to nature and raise us students’health awareness.如果天气允许的话,将举办冬日远足活动,让我们亲近自然并提高我们学生的健康意识。(通知) ③No one is permitted to take photos of the exhibits in the museum without ________ (permit).任何人未经允许禁止对博物馆里的展品拍照。(通知) astonish vt. 使十分惊讶;使吃惊　 amaze 1)It astonishes sb. that ...令某人惊讶的是…… What astonishes sb. is ...使某人惊讶的是…… 2)be astonished at/by sth.因/对某事感到惊讶 be astonished to see/find/hear/learn ... 惊讶地看见/发现/听到/得知…… 3)It is astonishing that ...……令人惊讶。 4)in astonishment吃惊地 to one’s astonishment令某人惊讶的是 ①The Great Wall is a must-see for all tourists, where you will be definitely astonished by the splendid scenery.长城是所有游客必看的景点,你一定会被长城壮丽的景色所震撼。(应用文写作之描述事物) ②It astonished me that he nodded after a few seconds of silence.使我惊讶的是,几秒钟的沉默后他点了点头。 ③At the astonishing news, Mary froze with astonishment.听到这个令人吃惊的消息,玛丽惊呆了。(续写情感描写) ④A look of astonishment flashed across his face.他脸上掠过惊讶的神色。 distinguish ①vt. 看清;认出　 make out　②vi.& vt. 区分;辨别　③vt. 使有别于　④使出众;使著名 1)distinguish between A and B区分/辨别A和B distinguish A from B使A有别于B 2)distinguish oneself to be/as ...作为……而出名 3)be distinguished for/as ...因/作为……而出名 ①________ (distinguish) for its attractive scenery, Hangzhou witnesses large numbers of tourists every year.杭州以其迷人的风景而闻名遐迩,每年都有大量的游客。(推荐信) ②Reading good books can not only enrich our minds but also teach us to distinguish ________ right and wrong.读好书既能丰富我们的头脑又能教我们分辨是非。(演讲稿) surround vt. ①环绕,围绕　②包围;围住　 与……紧密相关　④喜欢结交;喜欢身边总有 1)be surrounded by/with ...被……围绕;周围是…… surround oneself with sb./sth.和某人/某物待在一起 2)the surrounding air周围的空气 the surrounding countries附近的国家 ①Of equal importance is to surround yourself ________ people who have a high level of self-discipline.结交一些高度自律的朋友同样重要。(建议信) ②As the ripples began disappearing, a boy jumped in the river, surrounded Robert’s body from the back and began pulling him to the shore.当涟漪开始消失时,一个男孩跳进河里,从后面环住罗伯特的身体,开始把他往岸边拉。(救人场景描写) 重难突破・考向精练——自主检测 一、汉译英检测 1. 拥挤 /kraʊd/ 2. 尝试 /əˈtempt/ 3. 失败 /ˈfeɪljə(r)/ 4. 使激动 /θrɪl/ 5. 流血 /bliːd/ 6. 负责；充电 /tʃɑːdʒ/ 7. 允许 /pəˈmɪt/ 8. 使惊讶 /əˈstɒnɪʃ/ 9. 区分 /dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃ/ 10. 环绕 /səˈraʊnd/ 11. 逐渐的 /ˈɡrædʒuəl/ 12. 深度 /depθ/ 二、英译汉检测 1.initial /ɪˈnɪʃl/ 2.confirm /kənˈfɜːm/ 3.psychologist /saɪˈkɒlədʒɪst/ 4.unaware /ˌʌnəˈweə(r)/ 5.woolen /ˈwʊlən/ 6.stretch /stretʃ/ 7.servant /ˈsɜːvənt/ 8.fascinate /ˈfæsɪneɪt/ 9.consume /kənˈsjuːm/ 10.vibration /vaɪˈbreɪʃn/ 11.intense /ɪnˈtens/ 12.broad /brɔːd/ 三、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. The street was ________ (crowd) with tourists during the trip. 2. He made several ________ (attempt) to climb the mountain. 3. His ________ (fail) made him lose confidence temporarily. 4. The little boy felt ________ (thrill) about the adventure trip. 5. His arm was ________ (bleed) after falling on the rock. 6. The teacher is in ________ (charge) of outdoor activities. 7. Weather ________ (permit), we will go hiking tomorrow. 8. We were ________ (astonish) by the amazing valley view. 9. It’s easy ________ (distinguish) the two kinds of rocks. 10. The village ________ (surround) by green mountains. UNIT 6　Disaster and hope 基础梳理・自主夯基——核心背记 知识点1 教材词汇识记 1.tube n.管子 2.plus adj. (用于数字后面表示)多,余 3.midnight n.子夜,午夜 4.lap n. (坐着时的)大腿部 5.otherwise adv.否则,要不然 6.nowhere adv.什么地方都不,无处 7.billion num.十亿 8.satellite n.人造卫星 9.county n. (美国等国家的)县;(英国的)郡 10.property n.所有物,资产,财产 11.helicopter n.直升机 　12.shelter n.庇护,掩蔽 13.hurricane n.飓风 14.tsunami n.海啸 15.typhoon n.台风 16.avalanche n.雪崩 17.blizzard n.暴风雪 18.landslide n.山崩,滑坡 知识点2 热点词形转换 1.erupt v. (火山)爆发,喷发;突然发出(尤指叫喊)→eruption n.爆发;喷发 2.immediately adv.即刻,马上conj.一……就……→immediate adj.立刻的;立即的 3.occur vi.发生;存在于;出现在;被想到→occurrence n.发生;出现;事件→occurred/occurred/occurring (过去式/过去分词/现在分词) 4.announcement n.通告,公告;宣布;宣告→announce vt.宣布;通知;声称→announcer n.广播员;播音员,节目主持人 5.forecast vt.预测,预报→forecast/forecast (过去式/过去分词) 6.grab vt.攫取;抓住;利用　取,拿,吃,喝;吸引　n.抓取;抢夺→grabbed/grabbed/grabbing(过去式/过去分词/现在分词) 7.reliable adj.可信赖的;可靠的→reliably adv.可靠地→reliability n.可靠性→rely vi.信赖;可靠 8.rescue vt. & n.营救;解救→rescuer n.救助者 9.claim vt. & n. (战争、事故等)夺取(生命);宣称;断言→claimant n.要求者;索要者 10.exceptionally adv.极其;非常→exceptional adj.特别的;杰出的→exception n.例外;异议→except prep.除了……之外 11.crisis n.危机→crises (pl.) 12.precisely adv.精确地,准确地→precise adj.精确的;准确的→precision n.精确;准确 13.threat n.威胁,可能会带来危险的人(事)→threaten v.威胁到,危及→threatened adj.受到威胁的 14.mosquito n.蚊子→mosquitoes/mosquitos (pl.) 15.sufficient adj.足够的;充足的→sufficiently adv.足够地;充足地→ insufficient adj.不够的;不足的→sufficiency n.足量;充足 16.shelter n.庇护,掩蔽;避难处　vt.保护;掩蔽　vi.躲避(风雨或危险)→sheltered adj.有遮蔽物的;受庇护的;受到保护的 17.disaster n.灾难;灾祸→disastrous adj.灾难性的;极糟糕的 知识点3 必记一词多义 occur vi. (occurred, occurred, occurring) ①发生　②出现　③被想到　 hit, strike sth. occurs to sb.某人突然想起某事 It occurs to/strikes/hits sb. that ...某人突然想起…… It occurs to/strikes/hits sb. to do sth.某人突然想起做某事。 ①Hopefully, measures can be taken to prevent such ________ (occur) again.希望可以采取措施防止此类事件再次发生。(投诉信) ②He swallowed a lot of new questions that had just occurred to him.他强压住脑海里刚刚出现的许许多多的新问题。 rescue v. (rescued, rescued, rescuing) ①营救;解救　n. ②救援;营救 1)rescue ... from ...把……从……营救出来 2)come to the/one’s rescue前来营救(某人) rescue team救援队 the rescue of ...营救…… ①It took the rescuers 80 minutes to rescue the trapped men from the mine.救援人员花费了80分钟才将被困的人从矿井中救出。 ②It was the brave young man that rescued the poor old man from the burning house.正是这个勇敢的年轻人将那个可怜的老人从着火的房子中救出来的。 重难突破・考向精练——自主检测 一、汉译英检测 1.（火山）爆发 /ɪˈrʌpt/ 2. 立刻 /ɪˈmiːdiətli/ 3. 发生 /əˈkɜː(r)/ 4. 宣布 /əˈnaʊns/ 5. 预测 /ˈfɔːkɑːst/ 6. 抓住 /ɡræb/ 7. 可靠的 /rɪˈlaɪəbl/ 8. 营救 /ˈreskjuː/ 9. 威胁 /θret/ 10. 足够的 /səˈfɪʃnt/ 11. 庇护 /ˈʃeltə(r)/ 12. 灾难性的 /dɪˈzɑːstrəs/ 二、英译汉检测 1.occurrence /əˈkʌrəns/ 2.announcement /əˈnaʊnsmənt/ 3.rescuer /ˈreskjuːə(r)/ 4.claim /kleɪm/ 5.exceptional /ɪkˈsepʃənl/ 6.crisis /ˈkraɪsɪs/ 7.precise /prɪˈsaɪs/ 8.mosquito /məˈskiːtəʊ/ 9.disaster /dɪˈzɑːstə(r)/ 10.eruption /ɪˈrʌpʃn/ 11.threaten /ˈθretn/ 12.sufficiently /səˈfɪʃntli/ 三、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. The volcanic ________ (erupt) destroyed many houses nearby. 2. ________ (immediate) after the earthquake, rescue teams arrived. 3. Such accidents should not ________ (occur) again. 4. The mayor made an ________ (announce) about disaster prevention. 5. The weather ________ (forecast) heavy rain for three days. 6. He ________ (grab) the child and pulled him away from flood water. 7. We need ________ (rely) information about typhoons. 8. Firefighters came to the ________ (rescue) of trapped villagers. 9. The flood ________ (threaten) all the low-lying areas last night. 10. There isn’t ________ (sufficiency) food for homeless people. 1 / 19 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $