Unit 2 课时3 Section A Grammar Focus（分层作业）英语新教材鲁教版五四制九年级全一册

**基本信息** 分层清晰，从基础词汇句型到语篇应用再到中考衔接，梯度合理，助力语言能力与思维品质提升。 **分层设计** |层次|知识覆盖|设计特色| |----|----------|----------| |A组|基础词汇、核心句型|单词/词组默写、句型填空，强化语法基础| |B组|语篇理解与应用|补全对话、阅读填空，提升语境运用能力| |C组|综合思维与分析|阅读理解、完形填空，培养逻辑推理与批判思维| |拓展|中考能力衔接|中考真题题型（阅读还原、阅读填空），衔接升学需求|

Unit 2 Beyond Earth 课时3 Section A (Grammar Focus) 分层作业 A组 巩固过关 C组 思维拔高 B组 能力进阶 拓展 链接中考 词汇 ( 1 / 6 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. 要求；需要 ________ 2. 取消；终止 ________ 3. 刊登；出版 ________ 句型 1. 其他宇航员会来拜访你吗？ Will you _________ by other astronauts? 2. 更多宇航员将会被派往那里。 More astronauts __________ there. 3. 针对火星与月球的探索工作将会继续推进。 Exploration of the planet Mars and the moon_____________ . 4. 我们人类将会需要一个新家园。 A new home for us human beings___________. 5. 人们相信我们对月球和宇宙的认知将会大幅提升。 It is believed that our understanding of the moon and the universe __________. 一、单词默写。 1. 要求；需要 ________ 2. 取消；终止 ________ 3. 刊登；出版 ________ 4. 火箭 ________ 5. 系外行星 ________ 6. 太阳的；太阳能的 ________ 7. 探索；探测 ____________ 8. 宇宙 __________ 9. 放置；定位；位置 _________ 二、词组默写。 1. 要求某人做某事 ________________ 2. 在太空 ________________ 3. 因为；由于 ________________ 4. 充满…… ________________ 5. 成千上万的 ________________ 6. 到目前为止 ________________ 7. 与……相似 ________________ 8. 对……感到兴奋 ________________ 三、根据汉语提示完成句子 1. 航天中心下个月会发射一枚新火箭吗？ Will a new rocket _______________ by the space centre next month? 2. 这本杂志下个月将会刊登一篇关于未来太空旅行的文章。 An article____________ about future space travel by the magazine next month 3. 由于恶劣天气，这次行程将会被取消。 The trip will be cancelled __________ the bad weather 4. 人们相信我们对月球和宇宙的认知将会得到极大提升。 _______________our understanding of the moon and the universe will be greatly improved. 5. 人们认为如果存在水资源，或许也会有外星生命！ 5._____________if there is water, there might also be alien life! 一、补全对话。 (Two friends are talking about the space museum.) A: Hey, Lin Tao. B: Great! I’ve learned a lot about China’s space technology. How rapidly it develops! A: It has got a lot of success. B: Right! I was excited to see Shenzhou-17 rising into space on TV. A: Yes, of course. I feel so proud of our country. B: So do I. And Tang Hongbo is my hero. A: All the astronauts are my heroes. Their fighting spirit touches me deeply. It encourages me to be a brave person. B: Yeah! A: So do you want to be an astronaut when you grow up? B: Yes. And I know your dream is to be an astronaut, too. A: Let’s work harder together! 1．A．How was the weather? B．When is your school trip? C．What did you do last weekend? D．How was your school trip? 2．A．I don’t think so. B．You’re welcome. C．That’s true. D．No problem. 3．A．Did you watch the news? B．Have you visited the art museum? C．Did you read some science fictions? D．How long have you been there? 4．A．What about yours? B．Who do you want to go with? C．How are you going to do that? D．Why do you want to be an astronaut? 5．A．I have no idea. B．I want to be a person like them. C．I am going to read books about history. D．I’m so worried about it. 二、阅读填空。 For a long time, scientists 1._________(know) that the universe is filled with stars. In more recent times, however, 2._________(thousand) of “exoplanets” have also been discovered. These are planets that 3.________ (move) around stars — just like in 4.________(we)own solar system. So far, more than 5,000 exoplanets have been known to us, and as technology improves, many more 5.________ (find). Some exoplanets are similar 6._______ Earth. They are of 7.______ similar size and temperature, and they might have water. Scientists are 8._________(excite) about this. It 9.________ (think) that 10._________ there is water, there might also be alien life! 一、阅读理解 A The possibility of living on Mars is being explored after a study proved the discovery of saltwater lakes below the surface of Mars. Billions of years ago, the climate of Mars was warm and wet and had the possibility for hosting microbial (微生物的) life. Scientists are not 100 percent sure what happened to water on it. One popular general idea is solar (太阳的) wind. According to the idea, the solar wind likely blew away CO2 as well as small drops of water from air on Mars over the past billion years, leaving the planet with only 10 percent of its beginning amount of water today. It is just like when we get our skin wet and there are small drops of water on the surface, the wind will finally dry us off, and the water will be carried away. This is very likely to happen to Mars, causing the surface to become hard and dry. This discovery was made with the help of the European Space Agency’s Mars Express spaceship, which sent out radio waves to the planet’s surface. Scientists decided what material their radio waves met with. The area with the supposed bodies of water had high reflectivity (反射率), which is why scientists believe that water is stored below the surface. With temperatures as low as the average on Mars, water is supposed to be frozen. But scientists think that water on Mars is able to keep a water form because of the high level of the salt—so high that the possibility of active life surviving in such a condition is pretty low. With the salty water and an unsuitable climate, Mars is now not fit to live on. But scientists are still trying to learn more about the life forms that once possibly lived on the planet. 1．What does the underlined word “it” refer to (指代) in paragraph 2? A．Earth. B．Solar surface. C．Mars. D．Microbial life. 2．Why is the human’s skin mentioned in paragraph 3? A．To explain the great influence of solar wind. B．To provide further information about Mars. C．To stress the importance of water on Mars. D．To suggest keeping skin from getting dry. 3．How did the researchers prove there is water on Mars? A．By sending out the spaceship to Mars. B．By measuring the amount of salt on Mars. C．By checking the materials collected from Mars. D．By noticing the number of reflected radio waves. 4．What do scientists think of the future living on Mars? A．Comfortable. B．Hopeful. C．Disappointed. D．Uncaring. 5．What’s the best title of the passage? A．The Exploration of Energy on Mars B．The Situation of Living Things on Mars C．The Explanation of The Climate on Mars D．The Discovery of Saltwater Lakes on Mars B What time is it? That’s a very good question! From morning until night, clocks help us to plan our day. They tell us when things begin and end. Before clocks, our ancestors used a special tool called sundial to tell time. They placed a stick upright on a flat plate. As the Sun moved across the sky, the stick’s shadow (影子) moved around the plate. In the morning, the shadow was long and pointed to one side. At noon, it was short and pointed straight ahead. In the late afternoon, it grew long again on the other side. The sundial helped them know when to work, when to eat, and when to rest. Today, we know that the Sun doesn’t move around the Earth. The Earth turns on an imaginary line called an axis (轴). As the Earth turns, the Sun seems to be moving across the sky. The time the Earth takes to make one complete turn is one day. ★ . The Earth travels around the Sun. And it needs lots of time to finish one trip. The time it takes is called a year because its orbit (轨道) around the Sun is very huge and long. To be very specific, it takes the Earth 365 days, 5 hours, 49 minutes, and 12 seconds to go around the Sun. The Earth is divided into 24 time zones. Each time zone is one hour apart from the next time zone. For example, when it is 10:00 a.m. where you live, it is 10:00 p.m. on the opposite side of the world. In two hours, it will be noon where you live, but on the other side of the world, it will be 12:00 at night! Thanks to clocks and calendars, we can tell time very easily. However, it is the movement of the Earth that really allows us to measure time. 6．What does a sundial look like? A． B． C． D． 7．What did people in the past believe about time? A．The Sun moves around the Earth. B．The Earth turns on a hidden line. C．The Earth is the center of the universe. D．The Earth travels around the Sun. 8．Which of the following can be put in ★ ? A．The Earth moves fast in space. B．The Sun gives us light and heat. C．The Earth takes one day to complete its turn. D．Other movements of the Earth help us know time, too. 9．What can be known about time zones according to paragraph 5? A．Neighboring time zones are half an hour apart. B．Places in the same time zone have the same clock time. C．When it is 8:00 a.m. in Beijing, it is also 8:00 a.m. in Paris. D．The time difference between two opposite time zones is 24 hours. 10．What is the passage mainly about? A．The history of clocks and calendars. B．How the Earth’s movements tell time. C．Different time zones around the world. D．Why the Sun seems to move in the sky. 二、完形填空 “Professor (教授), will you be away for five months?” “Yes. But I’ll keep in touch with you from high in space. Make sure 1 hand in your papers on time!” This isn’t just a funny 2 . It is a real event (事件).One day, before China 3 the Shenzhou-16 into space, China published (公布) the names of its three astronauts. One of them is Gui Haichao. He is a thin man with glasses. And he also worked 4 a university (大学) professor. Gui showed a strong interest in science from an early age. One of his 5 books was The Encyclopedia (百科) for Children and Teenagers. He learned a lot about space from it. 6 , the more the boy learned about space, the more he wanted to know about it. In 2003, Yang Liwei became the first Chinese man to 7 into space. Gui was excited about the news. And he looked forward to 8 into space himself one day. With this dream in his 9 , he went to Beihang University to study space science. His 10 to go into space kept him moving forward. In 2017, at the age of only 31, he became one of the 11 space science professors in China. Gui never forgot his dream of going into space. He knew maybe this was the 12 way to study it. So when China asked university professors to join in space jobs in 2018, Gui signed up at once. The training was hard, but there was 13 that could stop him from making his dream come true. 14 amazing his journey is! Are you interested in space? If yes, you 15 study hard and believe in yourself. Maybe one day, you’ll watch your friends and us from somewhere high in space! 1．A．of B．to C．at D．with 2．A．story B．joke C．game D．lesson 3．A．sent B．send C．sends D．sending 4．A．for B．with C．as D．like 5．A．famous B．favorite C．popular D．successful 6．A．But B．However C．So D．Because 7．A．fly B．flying C．flew D．flies 8．A．go B．goes C．went D．going 9．A．heart B．home C．school D．body 10．A．wish B．question C．action D．plan 11．A．young B．younger C．youngest D．oldest 12．A．good B．better C．best D．only 13．A．anything B．something C．nothing D．everything 14．A．What B．How C．What a D．How a 15．A．need B．need to C．needs D．needn’t 一、阅读理解 A （2026· 济南长清区一模） “It’s finally summer vacation!” Michael said, dropping the heavy bag on his bed. He was so excited because in one month, he would be spending a week at The Cottage (小屋). That’s what he always called his grandparents’ cottage—like it was the title of a story. Michael lay on his bed and closed his eyes. He could almost smell the flowers in the forest and the trees near the lake. He could feel the cool wind coming off the water. He could even taste Grandma’s delicious cakes and play with Grandpa in the field. Oh, how he wished he were there right now! Michael sat up and looked through his bag. Books and papers fell out onto the bed. Finally, he pulled out his drawing book. Then he searched for his drawing pencils and an eraser. He smiled to himself. His parents never really understood his attachment to his grandparents’ cottage. Michael began to draw the picture: the cottage, the trees, the path, and the lake. But the more he tried to draw the small details (细节), the harder it became to see them clearly in his mind. Just then, the phone rang. Michael heard his mum saying something on the phone. A few minutes later, Mum came into his room. “Grandma called,” she said. Michael’s heart fell. “Oh no!” he thought. “Is anything going to stop my summer trip?” “Grandpa needs help decorating (装饰) the house this summer,” Mum kept saying. “They want to know if you would like to stay with them this summer holiday and help out.” Michael’s eyes lit up. A whole summer at The Cottage? Nothing could be better! 1．What can we learn about The Cottage? A．It was in a big city near his home. B．It was the title of a book. C．It was Michael’s parents’ house. D．It was special to Michael. 2．What does the underlined word “attachment” in Paragraph 3 mean in Chinese? A．愤怒 B．憎恨 C．喜爱 D．悲伤 3．What can we infer (推断) from Paragraph 4? A．Michael didn’t like the cottage at all. B．Michael didn’t care about the details of his drawings. C．Michael didn’t want to leave his parents. D．Michael hadn’t visited his grandparents for a long time. 4．How did Michael’s feelings change? A．Worried → happy → excited. B．Excited → happy → worried. C．Happy → excited → worried. D．Excited → worried → happy. 5．What’s the best title for the passage? A．A cottage surprise B．Grandma’s calling C．A difficult summer trip D．Michael’s drawing time B(阅读还原） （2026· 济南长清区一模） Chen Meijun is a toy saleswoman at Yiwu International Trade Market in Jinhua, Zhejiang. She showed her great skills in a video by using AI technology. 6 The video will be translated into 36 languages with the help of AI. Her virtual (虚拟的) showroom has attracted buyers from over 100 countries. 7 Besides AI, more and more new technologies like VR and AR are being used in online shops. For shoppers who want to buy clothes from online stores, there are more than 30 global brands to choose from. 8 It is more convenient than before. Also, virtual hosts (主播) are now used more in online shopping. They look and act like real people. For example, Baidu has developed a new system called Xiling. It can help create virtual hosts. 9 These virtual hosts can change their looks and clothes to make online shopping more fun for people. Digital shopping experiences will keep changing and developing in the future. 10 AR and VR technologies will be very important in shopping within five years. A．In a test, a virtual host created by Xiling sold smartwatches for 33 hours. B．AI technology improves business by using virtual hosts. C．She simply needs to record a video in Chinese and send it to the Internet. D．China’s virtual human market will reach 270 billion yuan by 2030. E．People should protect their information when shopping online. F．This shows a new fashion: businesses are going online to get more buyers. G．They can “try on” clothes with AR at home before buying. 二、阅读填空 （2026·济南天桥区三模） China has 56 ethnic groups (民族), and 52 can be found in Yunnan. One place to experience some of their culture is Lijiang. Lijiang 1 (begin) to make its mark during the Tang Dynasty, and is home to the Naxi and Yi peoples. Lijiang Old Town The Yi people are the second most common ethnic group in Lijiang today. They are famous 2 the ten-month calendar. In their calendar, every month has 36 days, and the year is 360 days long. 3 remaining five or six days are used for a festival. Besides, Lijiang has more than 20 other ethnic groups. Each has its own culture 4 language. While many live in Lijiang Old Town, others live outside the city, in the villages or in mountainous areas. So you may have to travel a long way to learn about their culture. 5 (lucky), many people from these ethnic groups are friendly. They are happy to share their customs and foods with 6 (visitor). The Torch Festival is very popular in Lijiang. Nearly everyone there 7 (celebrate) it every year. It can go on for several days, usually in July, which is the 8 (busy) month of the year. During this festival, all the streets are lit up with torches and fires. Many people like to wear traditional dress and they enjoy 9 (sing), dancing and playing musical instruments around the fire. All of 10 (they) have a wonderful time. This is the best time of the year to experience Lijiang’s traditional culture. The Torch Festival (火把节) $ Unit 2 Beyond Earth 课时3 Section A (Grammar Focus) 分层作业参考答案 核心知识速记 词汇 1. require 2. cancel 3. publish 句型 1.be visited 2. will be sent 3.will be continued 4.will be needed 5.will be greatly improved 一、单词默写。 1. require 2. cancel 3. publish 4. rocket 5. exoplanet 6. solar 7. explore 8. universe 9. position 二、词组默写。 1. require sb to do 2. in space 3. because of 4. be filled with 5. thousands of 6. so far 7. be similar to 8. be excited about 三、根据汉语提示完成句子 1.be launched 2.will be published 3.because of 4. It is believed that 5.It is thought that 一、补全对话。 1．D 2．C 3．A 4．A 5．B 二、阅读填空。 1. have known 2. thousands 3. move 4. our 5. will be found 6. to 7. a 8. excited 9. is thought 10. if 一、阅读理解 1．C 2．A 3．D 4．B 5．D 6．A 7．A 8．D 9．B 10．B 二、完形填空 1．B 2．B 3．A 4．C 5．B 6．B 7．A 8．D 9．A 10．A 11．C 12．C 13．C 14．B 15．B 一、阅读理解 1．D 2．C 3．D 4．D 5．A 6．C 7．F 8．G 9．A 10．D 二、阅读填空 1．began 2．for 3．The 4．and 5．Luckily 6．visitors 7．celebrates 8．busiest 9．singing 10．them ( 1 / 6 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 2 Beyond Earth 课时3 Section A (Grammar Focus) 分层作业 A组 巩固过关 C组 思维拔高 B组 能力进阶 拓展 链接中考 词汇 ( 1 / 6 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.要求；需要 require 2. 取消；终止 cancel 3. 刊登；出版 publish 句型 1. 其他宇航员会来拜访你吗？ Will you be visited by other astronauts? 2. 更多宇航员将会被派往那里。 More astronauts will be sent there. 3. 针对火星与月球的探索工作将会继续推进。 Exploration of the planet Mars and the moon will be continued. 4. 我们人类将会需要一个新家园。 A new home for us human beings will be needed. 5. 人们相信我们对月球和宇宙的认知将会大幅提升。 It is believed that our understanding of the moon and the universe will be greatly improved. 一、单词默写。 1. 要求；需要 ________ 2. 取消；终止 ________ 3. 刊登；出版 ________ 4. 火箭 ________ 5. 系外行星 ________ 6. 太阳的；太阳能的 ________ 7. 探索；探测 ____________ 8. 宇宙 __________ 9. 放置；定位；位置 _________ 【答案】1. require 2. cancel 3. publish 4. rocket 5. exoplanet 6. solar 7. explore 8. universe 9. position 二、词组默写。 1. 要求某人做某事 ________________ 2. 在太空 ________________ 3. 因为；由于 ________________ 4. 充满…… ________________ 5. 成千上万的 ________________ 6. 到目前为止 ________________ 7. 与……相似 ________________ 8. 对……感到兴奋 ______________ 【答案】1. require sb to do 2. in space 3. because of 4. be filled with 5. thousands of 6. so far 7. be similar to 8. be excited about 三、根据汉语提示完成句子 1. 航天中心下个月会发射一枚新火箭吗？ Will a new rocket _______________ by the space centre next month? 2. 这本杂志下个月将会刊登一篇关于未来太空旅行的文章。 An article____________ about future space travel by the magazine next month 3. 由于恶劣天气，这次行程将会被取消。 The trip will be cancelled __________ the bad weather 4. 人们相信我们对月球和宇宙的认知将会得到极大提升。 _______________our understanding of the moon and the universe will be greatly improved. 5. 人们认为如果存在水资源，或许也会有外星生命！ 5._____________if there is water, there might also be alien life! 1.be launched 2.will be published 3.because of 4. It is believed that 5.It is thought that 一、补全对话。 (Two friends are talking about the space museum.) A: Hey, Lin Tao. B: Great! I’ve learned a lot about China’s space technology. How rapidly it develops! A: It has got a lot of success. B: Right! I was excited to see Shenzhou-17 rising into space on TV. A: Yes, of course. I feel so proud of our country. B: So do I. And Tang Hongbo is my hero. A: All the astronauts are my heroes. Their fighting spirit touches me deeply. It encourages me to be a brave person. B: Yeah! A: So do you want to be an astronaut when you grow up? B: Yes. And I know your dream is to be an astronaut, too. A: Let’s work harder together! 1．A．How was the weather? B．When is your school trip? C．What did you do last weekend? D．How was your school trip? 2．A．I don’t think so. B．You’re welcome. C．That’s true. D．No problem. 3．A．Did you watch the news? B．Have you visited the art museum? C．Did you read some science fictions? D．How long have you been there? 4．A．What about yours? B．Who do you want to go with? C．How are you going to do that? D．Why do you want to be an astronaut? 5．A．I have no idea. B．I want to be a person like them. C．I am going to read books about history. D．I’m so worried about it. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．A 5．B 【解析】 【导语】本文是A和B关于中国航天技术，宇航员以及个人梦想的讨论。 1．根据下文“Great! I’ve learned a lot about China’s space technology.”可知，太棒了！我学到了很多关于中国航天技术的知识，可推测此处是询问对事情的感受的语句，D选项“你的学校旅行怎么样？”符合情景。故选D。 2．根据上文“How rapidly it develops!”和下文“It has got a lot of success.”可知，上文表示它发展得多么迅速呀，下文说它取得了很大的成功，可推测此处是赞同对方看法的语句，C选项“这是真的。”符合情景。故选C。 3．根据上文“I was excited to see Shenzhou-17 rising into space on TV.”和下文“Yes, of course.”可知，上文表示在电视上看到神舟十七号升空这让我很兴奋，可推测此处是询问是否看到这则消息的语句，A选项“你看新闻了吗？”符合情景。故选A。 4．根据上文“And Tang Hongbo is my hero.”和下文“All the astronauts are my heroes.”可知，上下文都介绍了自己崇拜的人，可推测此处是询问对方的情况的语句，A选项“你的呢？”符合情景。故选A。 5．根据上文“And Tang Hongbo is my hero.”和下文“So do you want to be an astronaut when you grow up?”可知，上文表示唐洪波是我崇拜的人，下文问对方长大后是否想成为一名宇航员，可推测此处是表示自己想成为像宇航员那样的人的语句，B选项“我想成为像他们那样的人。”符合情景。故选B。 二、阅读填空。 For a long time, scientists 1._________(know) that the universe is filled with stars. In more recent times, however, 2._________(thousand) of “exoplanets” have also been discovered. These are planets that 3.________ (move) around stars — just like in 4.________(we)own solar system. So far, more than 5,000 exoplanets have been known to us, and as technology improves, many more 5.________ (find). Some exoplanets are similar 6._______ Earth. They are of 7.______ similar size and temperature, and they might have water. Scientists are 8._________(excite) about this. It 9.________ (think) that 10._________ there is water, there might also be alien life! 【答案】1. have known 2. thousands 3. move 4. our 5. will be found 6. to 7. a 8. excited 9. is thought 10. if 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍系外行星，说宇宙遍布星体，未来会发现更多类地行星，有水或许就存在外星生命。 1. 句意：长期以来，科学家们都知道宇宙布满恒星。for a long time 是现在完成时标志，主语scientists为复数，故填have known。 2. 句意：然而近些年，成千上万颗系外行星也被发现。固定搭配thousands of 表示成千上万，故填thousands。 3. 句意：这些是围绕恒星运转的行星，和我们太阳系一样。先行词planets是复数，定语从句谓语用原形，故填move。 4. 句意：这些是围绕恒星运转的行星，和我们太阳系一样。空后solar system是名词，需形容词性物主代词修饰，故填our。 5. 句意：随着技术进步，更多行星将会被发现。技术进步是将来情况，行星和发现是被动关系，一般将来时被动will be done，故填will be found。 6. 句意：一些系外行星和地球相似。固定短语be similar to，意为与……相似，故填to。 7. 句意：它们有着相近的体积和温度。size是可数名词单数，similar为辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a，故填a。 8. 句意：科学家们对此十分兴奋。修饰人用-ed形容词，be excited about表示对……感到兴奋，故填excited。 9. 句意：人们认为如果有水，就可能存在外星生命。固定句型It is thought that…，it作形式主语表被动，故填is thought。 10. 句意：人们认为如果有水，就可能存在外星生命。此处引导条件状语从句，表如果，故填if。 一、阅读理解 A The possibility of living on Mars is being explored after a study proved the discovery of saltwater lakes below the surface of Mars. Billions of years ago, the climate of Mars was warm and wet and had the possibility for hosting microbial (微生物的) life. Scientists are not 100 percent sure what happened to water on it. One popular general idea is solar (太阳的) wind. According to the idea, the solar wind likely blew away CO2 as well as small drops of water from air on Mars over the past billion years, leaving the planet with only 10 percent of its beginning amount of water today. It is just like when we get our skin wet and there are small drops of water on the surface, the wind will finally dry us off, and the water will be carried away. This is very likely to happen to Mars, causing the surface to become hard and dry. This discovery was made with the help of the European Space Agency’s Mars Express spaceship, which sent out radio waves to the planet’s surface. Scientists decided what material their radio waves met with. The area with the supposed bodies of water had high reflectivity (反射率), which is why scientists believe that water is stored below the surface. With temperatures as low as the average on Mars, water is supposed to be frozen. But scientists think that water on Mars is able to keep a water form because of the high level of the salt—so high that the possibility of active life surviving in such a condition is pretty low. With the salty water and an unsuitable climate, Mars is now not fit to live on. But scientists are still trying to learn more about the life forms that once possibly lived on the planet. 1．What does the underlined word “it” refer to (指代) in paragraph 2? A．Earth. B．Solar surface. C．Mars. D．Microbial life. 2．Why is the human’s skin mentioned in paragraph 3? A．To explain the great influence of solar wind. B．To provide further information about Mars. C．To stress the importance of water on Mars. D．To suggest keeping skin from getting dry. 3．How did the researchers prove there is water on Mars? A．By sending out the spaceship to Mars. B．By measuring the amount of salt on Mars. C．By checking the materials collected from Mars. D．By noticing the number of reflected radio waves. 4．What do scientists think of the future living on Mars? A．Comfortable. B．Hopeful. C．Disappointed. D．Uncaring. 5．What’s the best title of the passage? A．The Exploration of Energy on Mars B．The Situation of Living Things on Mars C．The Explanation of The Climate on Mars D．The Discovery of Saltwater Lakes on Mars 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．B 5．D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了‌火星地下咸水湖相关的科学研究与推论，研究证实火星地下存在咸水湖，数十亿年前火星曾温暖宜居，主流观点认为太阳风夺走了火星绝大多数水分，如今靠欧空局探测器的高反射率探测确认了地下储水，但高盐低温环境几乎无法留存生命，当下火星仍不适合居住。 1．根据第二段前一句“Billions of years ago, the climate of Mars was warm and wet...”可知，科学家不确定的是火星上的水发生了什么，因此代词it指代的是Mars。 2．第三段将火星表面水分流失比作风吹干湿润的皮肤（It is just like when we get our skin wet... the wind will finally dry us off），旨在通过类比生动地解释太阳风（solar wind）对火星水分流失的巨大影响，导致火星表面变得干燥。 3．根据第四段“Scientists decided what material their radio waves met with. The area with the supposed bodies of water had high reflectivity...”可知，科学家是通过发射无线电波并检测其反射率（reflected radio waves）来证明火星表面下存在水的。 4．文章最后一段“With the salty water and an unsuitable climate, Mars is now not fit to live on. But scientists are still trying to learn more about the life forms that once possibly lived on the planet.”提到火星目前不适宜居住，但科学家仍在探索火星宜居的可能性、坚持研究火星，说明对未来人类在火星居住仍抱有希望。 5．文章首段即点明主题“The possibility of living on Mars is being explored after a study proved the discovery of saltwater lakes...”，随后围绕火星咸水湖的发现、成因、探测方法及意义展开，因此“火星咸水湖的发现”是最合适的标题。 B What time is it? That’s a very good question! From morning until night, clocks help us to plan our day. They tell us when things begin and end. Before clocks, our ancestors used a special tool called sundial to tell time. They placed a stick upright on a flat plate. As the Sun moved across the sky, the stick’s shadow (影子) moved around the plate. In the morning, the shadow was long and pointed to one side. At noon, it was short and pointed straight ahead. In the late afternoon, it grew long again on the other side. The sundial helped them know when to work, when to eat, and when to rest. Today, we know that the Sun doesn’t move around the Earth. The Earth turns on an imaginary line called an axis (轴). As the Earth turns, the Sun seems to be moving across the sky. The time the Earth takes to make one complete turn is one day. ★ . The Earth travels around the Sun. And it needs lots of time to finish one trip. The time it takes is called a year because its orbit (轨道) around the Sun is very huge and long. To be very specific, it takes the Earth 365 days, 5 hours, 49 minutes, and 12 seconds to go around the Sun. The Earth is divided into 24 time zones. Each time zone is one hour apart from the next time zone. For example, when it is 10:00 a.m. where you live, it is 10:00 p.m. on the opposite side of the world. In two hours, it will be noon where you live, but on the other side of the world, it will be 12:00 at night! Thanks to clocks and calendars, we can tell time very easily. However, it is the movement of the Earth that really allows us to measure time. 6．What does a sundial look like? A． B． C． D． 7．What did people in the past believe about time? A．The Sun moves around the Earth. B．The Earth turns on a hidden line. C．The Earth is the center of the universe. D．The Earth travels around the Sun. 8．Which of the following can be put in ★ ? A．The Earth moves fast in space. B．The Sun gives us light and heat. C．The Earth takes one day to complete its turn. D．Other movements of the Earth help us know time, too. 9．What can be known about time zones according to paragraph 5? A．Neighboring time zones are half an hour apart. B．Places in the same time zone have the same clock time. C．When it is 8:00 a.m. in Beijing, it is also 8:00 a.m. in Paris. D．The time difference between two opposite time zones is 24 hours. 10．What is the passage mainly about? A．The history of clocks and calendars. B．How the Earth’s movements tell time. C．Different time zones around the world. D．Why the Sun seems to move in the sky. 【答案】6．A 7．A 8．D 9．B 10．B 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍了人们用时钟和日历测量时间的方法，以及地球自转和围绕太阳转。 6．文章第二段介绍日晷（sundial）：把一根棍子竖直立在平盘上，依靠影子移动计时。选项A的图符合所述结构。 7．原文第三段首句提到“Today, we know that the Sun doesn’t move around the Earth.”，反向说明过去人们相信“太阳绕地球转”。 8．空格前文讲的是地球自转，自转帮助计算“天”；空格后文讲地球绕太阳公转，公转帮助计算“年”。因此空格需要承上启下，引出地球的另一种运动也用来计时，D选项“地球的其他运动也能帮助我们确定时间”符合逻辑。 9．第五段第二句“Each time zone is one hour apart from the next time zone.”说明每个时区与下一个时区相隔一小时，也就是同一时区的时钟时间相同，B项正确。 10．文章最后一句点明主旨“it is the movement of the Earth that really allows us to measure time”，全文围绕地球运动如何确定时间展开，B项“地球的运动如何告知时间。”符合文章主旨。 二、完形填空 “Professor (教授), will you be away for five months?” “Yes. But I’ll keep in touch with you from high in space. Make sure 1 hand in your papers on time!” This isn’t just a funny 2 . It is a real event (事件).One day, before China 3 the Shenzhou-16 into space, China published (公布) the names of its three astronauts. One of them is Gui Haichao. He is a thin man with glasses. And he also worked 4 a university (大学) professor. Gui showed a strong interest in science from an early age. One of his 5 books was The Encyclopedia (百科) for Children and Teenagers. He learned a lot about space from it. 6 , the more the boy learned about space, the more he wanted to know about it. In 2003, Yang Liwei became the first Chinese man to 7 into space. Gui was excited about the news. And he looked forward to 8 into space himself one day. With this dream in his 9 , he went to Beihang University to study space science. His 10 to go into space kept him moving forward. In 2017, at the age of only 31, he became one of the 11 space science professors in China. Gui never forgot his dream of going into space. He knew maybe this was the 12 way to study it. So when China asked university professors to join in space jobs in 2018, Gui signed up at once. The training was hard, but there was 13 that could stop him from making his dream come true. 14 amazing his journey is! Are you interested in space? If yes, you 15 study hard and believe in yourself. Maybe one day, you’ll watch your friends and us from somewhere high in space! 1．A．of B．to C．at D．with 2．A．story B．joke C．game D．lesson 3．A．sent B．send C．sends D．sending 4．A．for B．with C．as D．like 5．A．famous B．favorite C．popular D．successful 6．A．But B．However C．So D．Because 7．A．fly B．flying C．flew D．flies 8．A．go B．goes C．went D．going 9．A．heart B．home C．school D．body 10．A．wish B．question C．action D．plan 11．A．young B．younger C．youngest D．oldest 12．A．good B．better C．best D．only 13．A．anything B．something C．nothing D．everything 14．A．What B．How C．What a D．How a 15．A．need B．need to C．needs D．needn’t 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．A 4．C 5．B 6．B 7．A 8．D 9．A 10．A 11．C 12．C 13．C 14．B 15．B 【解析】 【导语】本文讲述了大学教授桂海潮从小热爱科学，怀揣梦想，通过不懈努力最终成为宇航员进入太空的励志故事。 1．句意：确保你们准时交论文！ 根据前文教授说会从太空保持联系，以及“hand in your papers”可知，此处表示“确保”学生们交论文，构成“make sure to do sth.”。to符合语境。of、at、with均不能与make sure构成此搭配。 2．句意：这不仅仅是一个有趣的笑话。 根据前文教授和学生之间的对话看似玩笑，但后文说这是真实事件可知，这不仅仅是一个“玩笑”。joke意为“玩笑”，符合语境。story意为“故事”，game意为“游戏”，lesson意为“课程”，均不符合语境。 3．句意：在中国将神舟十六号送入太空之前的一天，中国公布了三位宇航员的姓名。 根据句意，中国“发送”飞船进入太空，且描述过去发生的事，应用一般过去时sent。send为原形，sends为第三人称单数，sending为现在分词，均不符合语境。 4．句意：他也是一名大学教授。 根据前文“One of them is Gui Haichao”以及后文“a university professor”可知，他是作为大学教授的身份工作。as意为“作为”，符合语境。for意为“为了”，with意为“和”，like意为“像”，均不符合语境。 5．句意：他最喜欢的书之一是《青少年儿童百科全书》。 根据前文他对科学表现出浓厚兴趣，以及后文他从中了解太空知识可知，这是他“最喜欢的”书。favorite意为“最喜欢的”，符合语境。famous意为“著名的”，popular意为“受欢迎的”，successful意为“成功的”，均不符合语境。 6．句意：然而，这个男孩了解的太空知识越多，他就越想了解它。 根据前文他喜欢百科全书了解太空，后文他越发感兴趣，前后为递进而非转折关系。however意为“然而”，符合语境。but意为“但是”，so意为“所以”，because意为“因为”，均不符合语境。 7．句意：杨利伟成为第一个飞入太空的中国人。 根据固定搭配“fly into space”意为“飞入太空”，且“to”后接动词原形。fly意为“飞行”，符合语境。flying为现在分词，flew为过去式，flies为第三人称单数，均不符合语境。 8．句意：他期待有一天自己能进入太空。 根据固定搭配“look forward to doing sth.”意为“期待做某事”，to为介词后接动名词。going意为“去”，符合语境。go为原形，goes为第三人称单数，went为过去式，均不符合语境。 9．句意：带着这个梦想在心中，他去了北京航空航天大学学习空间科学。 根据固定搭配“in his heart”意为“在他的心中”，符合语境。home意为“家”，school意为“学校”，body意为“身体”，均不符合语境。 10．句意：他进入太空的愿望让他不断前进。 根据前文桂海潮从小就梦想进入太空，以及后文他为此不断努力可知，这是他心中的“愿望”。wish意为“愿望”，符合语境。question意为“问题”，action意为“行动”，plan意为“计划”，均不符合语境。 11．句意：2017年，年仅31岁的他成为中国最年轻的空间科学教授之一。 根据“one of the + 最高级 + 复数名词”结构，以及年仅31岁可知，他是“最年轻的”教授之一。youngest意为“最年轻的”，符合语境。young为原级，younger为比较级，oldest意为“最年长的”，均不符合语境。 12．句意：他知道这可能是研究它的最好方式。 根据前文他从未忘记飞入太空的梦想，以及后文他报名参加航天员选拔可知，他认为这是“最好的”研究方式。best意为“最好的”，符合语境。good为原级，better为比较级，only意为“唯一的”，均不符合语境。 13．句意：训练很艰苦，但没有什么能阻止他实现梦想。 根据句意，没有什么能阻止他，应用否定词nothing。nothing意为“没有什么”，符合语境。anything意为“任何事”，something意为“某事”，everything意为“每件事”，均不符合语境。 14．句意：他的旅程多么令人惊叹啊！ 根据感叹句结构“How+形容词+主语+谓语！”且“amazing”为形容词，应用how引导。how符合语境。what后接名词，what a后接单数名词，how a不存在此结构，均不符合语境。 15．句意：如果答案是肯定的，你需要努力学习并相信自己。 根据句意，建议对方“需要”努力学习，且主语you为第二人称，应用need to。need为原形，needs为第三人称单数，needn’t意为“不需要”，均不符合语境。 一、阅读理解 A （2026· 济南长清区一模） “It’s finally summer vacation!” Michael said, dropping the heavy bag on his bed. He was so excited because in one month, he would be spending a week at The Cottage (小屋). That’s what he always called his grandparents’ cottage—like it was the title of a story. Michael lay on his bed and closed his eyes. He could almost smell the flowers in the forest and the trees near the lake. He could feel the cool wind coming off the water. He could even taste Grandma’s delicious cakes and play with Grandpa in the field. Oh, how he wished he were there right now! Michael sat up and looked through his bag. Books and papers fell out onto the bed. Finally, he pulled out his drawing book. Then he searched for his drawing pencils and an eraser. He smiled to himself. His parents never really understood his attachment to his grandparents’ cottage. Michael began to draw the picture: the cottage, the trees, the path, and the lake. But the more he tried to draw the small details (细节), the harder it became to see them clearly in his mind. Just then, the phone rang. Michael heard his mum saying something on the phone. A few minutes later, Mum came into his room. “Grandma called,” she said. Michael’s heart fell. “Oh no!” he thought. “Is anything going to stop my summer trip?” “Grandpa needs help decorating (装饰) the house this summer,” Mum kept saying. “They want to know if you would like to stay with them this summer holiday and help out.” Michael’s eyes lit up. A whole summer at The Cottage? Nothing could be better! 1．What can we learn about The Cottage? A．It was in a big city near his home. B．It was the title of a book. C．It was Michael’s parents’ house. D．It was special to Michael. 2．What does the underlined word “attachment” in Paragraph 3 mean in Chinese? A．愤怒 B．憎恨 C．喜爱 D．悲伤 3．What can we infer (推断) from Paragraph 4? A．Michael didn’t like the cottage at all. B．Michael didn’t care about the details of his drawings. C．Michael didn’t want to leave his parents. D．Michael hadn’t visited his grandparents for a long time. 4．How did Michael’s feelings change? A．Worried → happy → excited. B．Excited → happy → worried. C．Happy → excited → worried. D．Excited → worried → happy. 5．What’s the best title for the passage? A．A cottage surprise B．Grandma’s calling C．A difficult summer trip D．Michael’s drawing time 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．D 4．D 5．A 【解析】 【导语】本文讲述了Michael期待暑假去祖父母的小屋，最终因帮忙装饰而能在小屋待一整个夏天的故事。 1．第1段提到“like it was the title of a story”，且Michael对小屋充满期待，可知小屋对他来说很特别。 2．第3段“attachment”结合Michael对小屋的喜爱（画小屋、期待前往），意为“喜爱”。 3．第4段提到“the more he tried to draw the small details, the harder it became to see them clearly in his mind”，可推断他很久没去祖父母家了，细节记不清。 4．第1段提到“He was so excited because in one month, he would be spending a week at The Cottage”，此时Michael是兴奋的；第6段提到“Michael’s heart fell. ‘Oh no!’ he thought. ‘Is anything going to stop my summer trip?’”，此时他是担忧的；第8段提到“Michael’s eyes lit up. A whole summer at The Cottage. Nothing could be better!”，此时他是开心的。情绪变化为“Excited → worried → happy”。 5．文章核心是Michael原本期待一周的小屋之旅，最终意外获得一整个夏天的机会，“A cottage surprise”（小屋惊喜）最贴合主题。 B(阅读还原） （2026· 济南长清区一模） Chen Meijun is a toy saleswoman at Yiwu International Trade Market in Jinhua, Zhejiang. She showed her great skills in a video by using AI technology. 6 The video will be translated into 36 languages with the help of AI. Her virtual (虚拟的) showroom has attracted buyers from over 100 countries. 7 Besides AI, more and more new technologies like VR and AR are being used in online shops. For shoppers who want to buy clothes from online stores, there are more than 30 global brands to choose from. 8 It is more convenient than before. Also, virtual hosts (主播) are now used more in online shopping. They look and act like real people. For example, Baidu has developed a new system called Xiling. It can help create virtual hosts. 9 These virtual hosts can change their looks and clothes to make online shopping more fun for people. Digital shopping experiences will keep changing and developing in the future. 10 AR and VR technologies will be very important in shopping within five years. A．In a test, a virtual host created by Xiling sold smartwatches for 33 hours. B．AI technology improves business by using virtual hosts. C．She simply needs to record a video in Chinese and send it to the Internet. D．China’s virtual human market will reach 270 billion yuan by 2030. E．People should protect their information when shopping online. F．This shows a new fashion: businesses are going online to get more buyers. G．They can “try on” clothes with AR at home before buying. 【答案】6．C 7．F 8．G 9．A 10．D 【解析】 【导语】本文以浙江义乌玩具销售员陈美君利用AI技术做跨境销售为例，介绍了AI、VR、AR、虚拟主播等新技术在网购中的应用，展现了数字化购物的发展趋势，并展望了未来购物体验的变化。 6．前文提到她用AI展示技能，后文说视频会被翻译成36种语言。选项C“She simply needs to record a video in Chinese and send it to the Internet.”完美衔接，解释了视频的来源。 7．前文讲她的虚拟展厅吸引了100多个国家的买家。选项F“This shows a new fashion: businesses are going online to get more buyers.”是对这一现象的总结，逻辑通顺。 8．前文提到有30多个全球品牌可供选择，后文说“比以前更方便”。选项G“They can “try on” clothes with AR at home before buying.”具体描述了这种方便的购物方式（AR试穿），符合语境。 9．前文提到百度的新系统“希灵”，后文说虚拟主播可以换装。选项A“In a test, a virtual host created by Xiling sold smartwatches for 33 hours.”紧承上文提到的“Xiling”，举例说明其能力，逻辑紧密。 10．前文讲数字购物体验会不断发展，后文预测AR/VR在未来5年的重要性。选项D“China’s virtual human market will reach 270 billion yuan by 2030.”提供了一个宏观的市场预测，与后文的未来趋势预测相呼应。 二、阅读填空 （2026·福建中考） China has 56 ethnic groups (民族), and 52 can be found in Yunnan. One place to experience some of their culture is Lijiang. Lijiang 1 (begin) to make its mark during the Tang Dynasty, and is home to the Naxi and Yi peoples. Lijiang Old Town The Yi people are the second most common ethnic group in Lijiang today. They are famous 2 the ten-month calendar. In their calendar, every month has 36 days, and the year is 360 days long. 3 remaining five or six days are used for a festival. Besides, Lijiang has more than 20 other ethnic groups. Each has its own culture 4 language. While many live in Lijiang Old Town, others live outside the city, in the villages or in mountainous areas. So you may have to travel a long way to learn about their culture. 5 (lucky), many people from these ethnic groups are friendly. They are happy to share their customs and foods with 6 (visitor). The Torch Festival is very popular in Lijiang. Nearly everyone there 7 (celebrate) it every year. It can go on for several days, usually in July, which is the 8 (busy) month of the year. During this festival, all the streets are lit up with torches and fires. Many people like to wear traditional dress and they enjoy 9 (sing), dancing and playing musical instruments around the fire. All of 10 (they) have a wonderful time. This is the best time of the year to experience Lijiang’s traditional culture. The Torch Festival (火把节) 【答案】1．began 2．for 3．The 4．and 5．Luckily 6．visitors 7．celebrates 8．busiest 9．singing 10．them 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了云南丽江的少数民族文化，特别是彝族的十月太阳历以及当地著名的火把节。 1．句意：丽江在唐朝时期开始崭露头角，是纳西族和彝族人民的家园。根据时间状语“during the Tang Dynasty”可知，句子描述的是过去发生的事情，谓语动词应用一般过去时，begin的过去式为began。 2．句意：他们因十月太阳历而闻名。分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定搭配be famous for...意为“因……而闻名”，符合语境。 3．句意：剩下的五六天被用来过节。分析句子结构可知，此处特指一年360天之外剩下的那五六天，表示特指应用定冠词the，且位于句首，首字母需大写。 4．句意：每个民族都有自己的文化和语言。分析句子结构可知，culture和language在句中作并列宾语，两者之间是并列关系，应用并列连词and连接。 5．句意：幸运的是，这些少数民族的许多人都很友好。分析句子结构可知，设空处在句中修饰整个句子，作状语，应用所给形容词lucky的副词形式luckily“幸运的是”，且位于句首，首字母需大写。 6．句意：他们很乐意与游客分享他们的习俗和食物。分析句子结构可知，visitor为可数名词，此处表示泛指多名游客，应用其复数形式visitors作介词with的宾语。 7．句意：那里几乎每个人每年都会庆祝它。根据时间状语“every year”可知，句子应用一般现在时；主语everyone是不定代词，视为第三人称单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式celebrates。 8．句意：它可以持续几天，通常在七月，这是一年中最忙的月份。根据范围状语“of the year”可知，此处表示在全年十二个月份中进行比较，应用形容词的最高级形式，busy的最高级为busiest。 9．句意：许多人喜欢穿传统服饰，他们喜欢围着火堆唱歌、跳舞和演奏乐器。分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定搭配enjoy doing sth.，且设空处与后面的dancing和playing并列，应用动名词形式singing作宾语。 10．句意：他们所有人都玩得很开心。分析句子结构可知，介词of后应用代词的宾格形式作宾语，所给主格代词they的宾格为them。 ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $