第14练-2026年【暑假分层作业】 人教版选择性必修三Unit4-夯实基础+能力提升

第14练 Unit4 Adversity And Courage 1. 【词汇过关】 1．interrupt vi.& vt.打断；vt.使暂停；使中断→__________n．打扰；中断时间 2．breath n．呼吸的空气→__________vt.& vi.呼吸 3．advertisement n．广告；启事→__________vi.& vt.(为……)做广告/宣传；征聘 4．strengthen vi.& vt.加强；增强；巩固→___________adj.强壮的 5．cooperate vi.合作；协作；配合→___________n．合作；协作 6．dramatic adj.巨大的；急剧的；戏剧(般)的→__________adv.突然地；戏剧性地； 7．consume vt.吃；喝；饮；消耗→___________n．消费者；用户；客户 8．comfort n．安慰；舒服；vt.安慰；→___________adj.令人舒适的；舒服的 9．assist vt.& vi.帮助；协助→__________n．帮助；协助；援助 10．steady adj.稳定的；平稳的；稳步的→___________adv.稳定地；持续地 11．short adj.短的；矮的；缺乏的；→__________n．不足；缺少；短缺 12．vary vi.(根据情况)变化；改变→__________adj.不同的；各种各样的 13．differ vi.相异；不同于→__________adj.不同的；有差异的 14．amuse vt.(提供)消遣；(使)娱乐→__________n．娱乐(活动)；愉悦 15．efficient adj.效率高的；有功效的→__________n．效率；效能 II、【完成句子】 1．我从青少年时期起就一直依靠自己。 I ________ ________ ________ on myself since I was a teenager. 2．我们已经苦苦挣扎了好几天，但情况却每况愈下。 We ________________ for days ________________. 3．He was very sad because the famous company ________ ________ ________. 他非常难过，因为那家知名公司拒绝了他。 4．The flowers in the garden ________ ________ a sweet smell in spring. 春天花园里的花朵散发出甜美的香气。 5．他约她出去，却被她拒绝了。 He asked her out, but she _____________ him _____________. III、【语法过关】 1．At this time last week, we (lie) on the beach enjoying the sunshine. 2．Over the last centuries, Yi costumes (carry) traditions of the Yi people. 3．The man likes music and he is (enthusiasm) about the party tonight. 4．I (try) to contact the service center all day, but no one picks up the phone. 5．Recently, researchers (develop) a new type of eco-friendly battery. 6．You finally made it! We (wait) for your call for a whole hour. 7．Her hands are covered in paint. She (paint) the wall all the morning. 8．Since he graduated, he (work) in this IT company. 9．—Take a break, Amy. You (practise) the piano all the morning. —I’d like to, but this time next week I will be giving a concert at the concert hall. 10． (fortunate), he passed away last year due to his cancer, but he gave me the inspiration to pick up my pen again. IV、【语法填空能力提升】 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 With seasonal temperatures breaking records almost every year in the US, tree species 1 (expect) to adapt to the changes by slowly shifting their population centers northward. But 2 recent survey shows the trend towards westward movement is even stronger than expected — in some cases, species have shifted their ranges to west 3 as much as 73 percent. The survey shows that roughly three-quarters of the 86 tree species 4 (survey) have shifted their population centers westward since 1980. Obviously, trees aren’t uprooting 5 (them) and moving elsewhere. The survey 6 (provide) insight into general population trends as young trees continue to take root in westward land, while some of the older 7 (plant) of the species in the eastern areas are slowly dying out. In this way, the center of a species’ range can gradually shift over time. Though scientists aren’t sure 8 is causing this change, the publishers of the study think that it’s connected to rainfall. Rainfall totals across the United States have changed, 9 (cause) areas such as the Southeast to experience significantly less rain annually, while the Great Plains is getting far more than its historical average. For this reason, most trees are moving towards the 10 (increasing) watery plains. V、【写作能力提升】 某英文报正在开展以Courage is a decision为题的征文活动，你有意参加。请根据下面的写作提纲，完成一篇英语短文并投稿，内容包括： 1.分享自己的经历； 2.你的感悟。 注意： 1.写作词数应为80个左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Courage is a decision ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第14练 Unit4 Adversity And Courage 1. 【词汇过关】 1．interrupt vi.& vt.打断；vt.使暂停；使中断→__________n．打扰；中断时间 2．breath n．呼吸的空气→__________vt.& vi.呼吸 3．advertisement n．广告；启事→__________vi.& vt.(为……)做广告/宣传；征聘 4．strengthen vi.& vt.加强；增强；巩固→___________adj.强壮的 5．cooperate vi.合作；协作；配合→___________n．合作；协作 6．dramatic adj.巨大的；急剧的；戏剧(般)的→__________adv.突然地；戏剧性地； 7．consume vt.吃；喝；饮；消耗→___________n．消费者；用户；客户 8．comfort n．安慰；舒服；vt.安慰；→___________adj.令人舒适的；舒服的 9．assist vt.& vi.帮助；协助→__________n．帮助；协助；援助 10．steady adj.稳定的；平稳的；稳步的→___________adv.稳定地；持续地 11．short adj.短的；矮的；缺乏的；→__________n．不足；缺少；短缺 12．vary vi.(根据情况)变化；改变→__________adj.不同的；各种各样的 13．differ vi.相异；不同于→__________adj.不同的；有差异的 14．amuse vt.(提供)消遣；(使)娱乐→__________n．娱乐(活动)；愉悦 15．efficient adj.效率高的；有功效的→__________n．效率；效能 【答案】 1．interruption 2．breathe 3．advertise 4．strong 5．cooperation 6．dramatically 7．consumer 8．comfortable 9．assistance 10．steadily 11．shortage 12．various 13．different 14．amusement 15．efficiency 【详解】1．interrupt为动词“打断；使暂停；使中断”，其名词形式为interruption“打扰；中断时间 ”。故填interruption。 2．breath为名词“呼吸的空气”，其动词形式为breathe“呼吸”。故填breathe。 3．advertisement为名词“广告；启事”，其动词形式为advertise“（为……）做广告/宣传；征聘”。故填advertise。 4．strengthen为动词“加强；增强；巩固”，其形容词形式为strong“强壮的”。故填strong。 5．cooperate为动词“合作；协作；配合”，其名词形式为cooperation“合作；协作”。故填cooperation。 6．dramatic为形容词“巨大的；急剧的；戏剧（般）的”，其副词形式为dramatically“突然地；戏剧性地”。故填dramatically。 7．consume为动词“吃；喝；饮；消耗”，其名词形式为consumer“消费者；用户；客户”。故填consumer。 8．comfort为名词“安慰；舒服”，及动词“安慰”，其形容词形式为comfortable“令人舒适的；舒服的”。故填comfortable。 9．assist为动词“帮助；协助”，其名词形式为assistance“帮助；协助；援助”。故填assistance。 10．steady为形容词“稳定的；平稳的；稳步的”，其副词形式为steadily“稳定地；持续地”。故填steadily。 11．short为形容词“短的；矮的；缺乏的”，其名词形式为shortage“不足；缺少；短缺”。故填shortage。 12．vary为动词“（根据情况）变化；改变”，其形容词形式为various“不同的；各种各样的”。故填various。 13．differ为动词“相异；不同于”，其形容词形式为different“不同的；有差异的”。故填different。 14．amuse为动词“（提供）消遣；（使）娱乐”，其名词形式为amusement“娱乐（活动）；愉悦”。故填amusement。 15．efficient为形容词“效率高的；有功效的”，其名词形式为efficiency“效率；效能”。故填efficiency。 II、【完成句子】 1．我从青少年时期起就一直依靠自己。 I ________ ________ ________ on myself since I was a teenager. 【答案】 have been relying / depending 【详解】根据汉语提示可知，空处需要补全“一直依靠（自己）”。“依靠”可表达为rely on或depend on。由“since I was a teenager”可知，此处应使用现在完成进行时，表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，主语为I，谓语动词用have。 2．我们已经苦苦挣扎了好几天，但情况却每况愈下。 We ________________ for days ________________. 【答案】 have been struggling but the situation is getting worse and worse 【详解】第一空表示“苦苦挣扎”，结合语境及时间状语for days可知，此处使用现在完成进行时，强调动作的持续性，主语为we，所以谓语动词为have been struggling；第二空表示“但是情况每况愈下”，使用连词but衔接语句，表示“形势”为the situation作主语，表示“每况愈下”为get worse and worse，后半句体现事态持续变差，所以使用现在进行时，且主语为第三人称单数，所以谓语动词为is getting worse。 3．He was very sad because the famous company ________ ________ ________. 他非常难过，因为那家知名公司拒绝了他。 【答案】 turned him down 【详解】表示“拒绝了他”可用 turn him down，由主句He was very sad中的was可知，从句动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时；turn down 为“动词+副词”型短语，代词him需置于turn与down之间，在句中作谓语。 4．The flowers in the garden ________ ________ a sweet smell in spring. 春天花园里的花朵散发出甜美的香气。 【答案】 give off 【详解】句意：春天花园里的花朵散发出甜美的香气。“散发出”是give off，由in spring可知，时态是一般现在时，并且和主语The flowers是主动关系，空格处用原形give off。 5．他约她出去，却被她拒绝了。 He asked her out, but she _____________ him _____________. 【答案】 turned down 【详解】“拒绝某人”可用动词短语turn sb. down，作分句谓语，由前面的asked可知，讲述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时态，因此turn应用过去式turned。 III、【语法过关】 1．At this time last week, we (lie) on the beach enjoying the sunshine. 【答案】were lying 【详解】句意：上周的这个时候，我们正躺在沙滩上享受阳光。At this time last week是明确的过去时间点，表示当时正在进行的动作，用过去进行时。主语为we, 谓语为were lying。 2．Over the last centuries, Yi costumes (carry) traditions of the Yi people. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】have carried 【详解】句意：在过去的几个世纪里，彝族服饰承载着彝族人民的传统。Over the last centuries是现在完成时的标志，强调动作从过去开始一直持续到现在，且对现在有影响。现在完成时的结构是“have/has +过去分词”，主语Yi costumes是复数，所以用have carried，在句中作谓语。 3．The man likes music and he is (enthusiasm) about the party tonight. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】enthusiastic 【详解】句意：这个人喜欢音乐，他对今晚的晚会充满热情。空处作表语，结合“likes music”可知，应用enthusiasm的形容词形式enthusiastic，意为“热情的”，短语be enthusiastic about意为“对……充满热情”。 4．I (try) to contact the service center all day, but no one picks up the phone. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】have been trying 【详解】句意：我一整天都在试图联系客服中心，但没有人接电话。all day是持续的时间状语，试图联系的动作从早上持续到现在，且反复进行，用现在完成进行时，且主语为第一人称I，所以谓语动词为have been trying。 5．Recently, researchers (develop) a new type of eco-friendly battery. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】have been developing 【详解】句意：最近，研究人员一直在研发一种新型环保电池。Recently 提示动作从近期开始持续到现在，且很可能还在进行中，表示持续的研发过程，用现在完成进行时，主语researchers是复数，谓语为have been developing。 6．You finally made it! We (wait) for your call for a whole hour. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】have been waiting 【详解】句意：你终于打来了！我们等了整整一个小时的电话了。for a whole hour暗示“等待”这个动作从过去一直延续到电话来之前，用现在完成进行时,主语为We，谓语为have been waiting。 7．Her hands are covered in paint. She (paint) the wall all the morning. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】has been painting 【详解】句意：她手上沾满了油漆。她整个早上都在刷墙。根据 all the morning 和现在的结果“手上有漆”可知，动作从过去持续到现在，可能刚结束，用现在完成进行时，主语She是第三人称单数，故填has been painting。 8．Since he graduated, he (work) in this IT company. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】has worked/has been working 【详解】句意：自从毕业以来，他一直在这家 IT 公司工作。since引导的从句表示从过去延续到现在的时间，用现在完成时，也可以表示从过去延续到现在的时间，并仍然会继续下去，用现在完成进行时。 9．—Take a break, Amy. You (practise) the piano all the morning. —I’d like to, but this time next week I will be giving a concert at the concert hall. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】have been practising 【详解】句意：—艾米，休息一下吧。你一整个上午都在练钢琴。——我想休息，但下周这个时候我将在音乐厅举办一场音乐会。由all the morning可知，句子时态用现在完成进行时，表示一个从过去开始，持续到现在，且还有可能进行下去的动作，主语是you，因此空格处是have been practising。 10． (fortunate), he passed away last year due to his cancer, but he gave me the inspiration to pick up my pen again. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Unfortunately 【详解】句意：不幸的是，他去年因癌症去世了，但他给了我重新拿起笔的灵感。根据句意“他去年因癌症去世了”可知，这是一个不幸的消息，且本空位于句首修饰整个句子，作状语，用副词unfortunately“不幸的是”。句首单词，首字母大写。 IV、【语法填空能力提升】 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 With seasonal temperatures breaking records almost every year in the US, tree species 1 (expect) to adapt to the changes by slowly shifting their population centers northward. But 2 recent survey shows the trend towards westward movement is even stronger than expected — in some cases, species have shifted their ranges to west 3 as much as 73 percent. The survey shows that roughly three-quarters of the 86 tree species 4 (survey) have shifted their population centers westward since 1980. Obviously, trees aren’t uprooting 5 (them) and moving elsewhere. The survey 6 (provide) insight into general population trends as young trees continue to take root in westward land, while some of the older 7 (plant) of the species in the eastern areas are slowly dying out. In this way, the center of a species’ range can gradually shift over time. Though scientists aren’t sure 8 is causing this change, the publishers of the study think that it’s connected to rainfall. Rainfall totals across the United States have changed, 9 (cause) areas such as the Southeast to experience significantly less rain annually, while the Great Plains is getting far more than its historical average. For this reason, most trees are moving towards the 10 (increasing) watery plains. 【答案】 31．are expected 32．a 33．by 34．surveyed 35．themselves 36．provides 37．plants 38．what 39．causing 40．increasingly 【导语】本文主要介绍的是美国树木种群中心向西移动的现象及可能原因。 【详解】31．考查时态和语态。句意：随着美国季节性气温几乎每年都打破纪录，人们预计树种将通过缓慢地将种群中心向北转移来适应这些变化。空处作谓语，根据“With seasonal temperatures breaking records almost every year in the US”可知，此处描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，expect和主语tree species之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是复数，be动词用are。 32．考查冠词。句意：但最近的一项调查显示，向西移动的趋势比预期的还要强烈——在某些情况下，物种的分布范围向西移动了多达73%。survey是可数名词，此处表示泛指，应用不定冠词修饰，recent发音以辅音音素开头，应用a。 33．考查介词。句意同上。此处表示移动的幅度或程度。by + 数量/百分比是固定搭配，表示变化、增减的幅度。 34．考查非谓语动词。句意：调查显示，自1980年以来，被调查的86种树木中，大约有四分之三的种群中心向西移动。空处是后置定语修饰tree species，survey和逻辑主语tree species之间是被动关系，应用过去分词形式作后置定语。 35．考查反身代词。句意：显然，树木不会自己连根拔起，搬到别的地方去。结合语意可知，此处表示树木不会自己连根拔起，主语是trees，反身代词应与主语一致，反身代词themselves，表示“它们自己”。 36．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这项调查提供了对总体种群趋势的洞察，因为年轻的树木继续在西部的土地上扎根，而东部地区的一些较老的同类植物正在慢慢灭绝。空处作谓语，根据句中continue可知，句子描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语The survey是单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。 37．考查名词复数。句意同上。plant作“植物，植株”解时为可数名词。且前面有some of the，表示复数概念。 38．考查宾语从句。句意：尽管科学家们不确定是什么导致了这种变化，但该研究的发布者认为这与降雨有关。空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少主语，表示“什么”，应用连接代词what引导从句。 39．考查非谓语动词。句意：美国各地的降雨总量发生了变化，导致东南部等地区每年降雨量显著减少，而大平原的降雨量远远超过历史平均水平。空处是状语，表示自然而然的结果应用现在分词形式作结果状语。 40．考查副词。句意：出于这个原因，大多数树木都在向水资源越来越丰富的大平原移动。空处修饰形容词watery，应用副词形式increasingly作状语，表示“越来越多地，日益”。 V、【写作能力提升】 某英文报正在开展以Courage is a decision为题的征文活动，你有意参加。请根据下面的写作提纲，完成一篇英语短文并投稿，内容包括： 1.分享自己的经历； 2.你的感悟。 注意： 1.写作词数应为80个左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Courage is a decision ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One possible version: Courage is a decision Last year, I was afraid to give a speech in class. My hands shook and my voice trembled at the thought of speaking in public. However, I decided to face my fear. I practiced every night, recording myself and adjusting my tone. On that day, I took a deep breath and stepped forward. Though nervous, I finished the speech successfully. This experience has taught me that courage isn’t the absence of fear, but a choice to act despite it. It’s a decision that helps us grow and achieve our goals. 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生围绕克服恐惧、勇敢演讲的个人经历展开叙述，结合过去经历表达成长感悟。 【详解】1.词汇积累 害怕的：afraid→terrified 面对：face→confront 调整：adjust→refine 完成：finish→accomplish 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Last year, I was afraid to give a speech in class. 拓展句：I was so afraid that I dared not give a speech in class last year. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Though nervous, I finished the speech successfully.(运用了though引导让步状语从句的省略结构) 【高分句型2】It’s a decision that helps us grow and achieve our goals.(运用了that引导的定语从句) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $