第04讲 Unit 4 Our Memory（单元重点知识梳理、讲练）2026-2027学年人教版英语九年级上册

八升九英语暑假衔接预习课（新教材人教版） 第四讲 Unit 4 Our Memory ◇Part 01 内 容 汇 总 范围 内容 单元基础知识预习 重点单词、短语、重点语法、单元话题与写作 单元教材知识讲解 Section A部分语篇预习、Section A部分教材词句重难点解析 Section B部分语篇预习、Section B部分教材词句重难点解析 单元重点语法知识解析。 基础知识过关练 选择题、填空题、完成句子 能力拓展提升练 完形填空、阅读理解、书面表达 ◇Part 02 基础知识预习 重点 单词（加粗的为课标要求重点单词） position n. 位置；地方 vt. 安置；使处于 sadness n. 悲伤 react v. 作出反应；回应 chain n. 链条 stable adj. 稳定的；稳固的 lecture n. 讲座；讲课 retell v. 复述 memorize v.记住；记忆 tick v. 给......打钩 n. 对号；钩号 grandson n. 孙子；外孙 case n. 情况；事实 opera n. 歌剧；歌剧团 ticket n. 入场券；票 wallet n. 钱包 picnic n. 野餐 pardon v. 原谅 interj. 请再说一遍；抱歉 airport n. 机场 gunshot n. 枪声；(射出的)炮弹 grown-up adj. 成年的 recall v. 回忆起；回想起 grapevine n.葡萄藤；葡萄树 boost v.促进；使增长 n.帮助；增长 short-term adj. 短期的 long-term adj. 长期的 technique n. 技巧 passage n. 段落；走廊 likely adj.可能的 discuss v.讨论；谈论；商量 image n. 图像；形象 graph n. 图；图表 view v. 看；观看 n. 观点；视野 effective adj. 有效的 engine n. 发动机 fuel n. 燃料 address n. 地址 password n. 密码;口令 account n. 账户；账目 increase n. 增长 v. 增加 wild adj. 野生的；自然生长的 blood n. 血 wound n. 伤口; 创伤 v. 使受伤 mall n. 购物商场 notebook n. 笔记本；笔记本电脑 squirrel n. 松鼠 nut n. 坚果 dolphin n. 海豚 recognize (recognise) v.辨认出；认可 outline n. 纲要 v. 概述 fully adv.完全地 divide v.(把......)分成 one-size-fits-all adj. 通用的 重点短语 memory problems 记忆问题 run out（of sth） 用完；耗尽 attend a lecture 听讲座 mix up 混淆；弄乱 put sth to good use 有效使用（或利用）某物 go through 经历；仔细察看 take one’s wallet 拿走某人的钱包 boost your memory 提升你的记忆力 short-term memory 短期记忆 long-term memory 长期记忆 organize your memories 整理你的记忆 happen to 发生于；使遭遇 keep (...) in mind 记在心中；记住 in sb's case 就某人的情况而言 to start with 首先 wear out 使疲乏；磨损 divide sth into 把某物分为 重点语法 疑问词引导的宾语从句 单元话题与写作 本单元的话题为“记忆力”。 本单元的写作任务主要围绕着“了解常用的提高记忆力的方法，并能够向别人介绍一些提高记忆力的方法”。 ◇Part 03 教材 知 识 讲 解 一、Section A部分语篇预习： 语篇Section A 3a Chen Jie: Why do you look worried, Rick? Rick: Yesterday I visited my grandma, but she kept calling me Johnny. Chen Jie: Who's Johnny? Rick: My dad! Chen Jie: Oh, dear! Rick: And then she told me not to eat the cookies because she was saving them for her grandson. Chen Jie: Who's that? Rick: Me! Chen Jie: Well, that's not a good sign. Rick: No. My parents are taking her to hospital tomorrow. Chen Jie: Good. Follow what the doctor says. She may need special care. Rick: Yeah. I just feel so sad. I don't understand what she's going through. Chen Jie: Well, you know how some people's memory gets worse as they get older. It happened to my grandpa too. Rick: Oh, no. What happened? Chen Jie: We used to fly kites in the park. But now he forgets how to reach the park. So, I walk him there every weekend. Rick: That's sweet! Chen Jie: Thanks. Instead of what he forgets, I keep in mind what he remembers. In your case, your grandma still remembers that you love cookies! Rick: You're right! Thanks, Chen Jie! 翻译 陈洁：里克，你怎么看起来忧心忡忡？ 里克：昨天我去看奶奶，她一直叫我约翰尼。 陈洁：约翰尼是谁？ 里克：我爸爸！ 陈洁：天哪！ 里克：然后她还不让我吃饼干，说要留给她的孙子。 陈洁：她的孙子是谁？里克：就是我啊！陈洁：这可不是好迹象。 里克：是啊，我爸妈明天带她去医院。 陈洁：那就好，听医生的话，她可能需要特殊照料。 里克：嗯，我就是很难过，不明白她经历着什么。 陈洁：你知道的，有些人年纪大了记忆力会变差。我爷爷也这样。 里克：不会吧，发生什么了？ 陈洁：我们以前常去公园放风筝，可现在他忘了去公园的路。所以我每个周末都陪他走过去。 里克：你真好！ 陈洁：谢谢。我不去想他忘记了什么，而是记住他还记得的事。你奶奶还记得你爱吃饼干呢！ 里克：你说得对！谢谢你，陈洁！ 二、Section A部分教材词句重难点解析： 1. positions 位置 （1） position 【用法讲解】 ①position作可数名词，意为“位置；方位”。 例句：Can you show me the position of the city on the map? （你能在地图上给我指出这座城市的位置吗？） ②position作可数名词，还有“职位；职务”。 例句：His father takes an important position in the company. （他爸爸在公司里担任一个重要职位。） 【常见短语】 in position 在合适的位置 out of position 不在合适的位置 即讲即练 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. He took a ______ (position) as a manager in that big company last month. 【答案】position 【详解】句意：上个月他在那家大公司担任了经理的职位。本题考查词性转化。冠词a后接可数名词单数，position本身即可作名词，意为“职位”，故填position。 二、单项选择题 1. The map shows the ______ of the supermarket. It's next to the post office. A. position B. direction C. instruction D. situation 【答案】A 【详解】句意：地图显示了超市的位置。它在邮局旁边。本题考查名词辨析。position位置；direction方向；instruction指令；situation形势。根据“It's next to the post office.”可知指的是在地图上的位置，故选A。 2. Mum reminds Peter about buying sugar by saying, “It’s running out.” 妈妈提醒彼得买糖，说：“糖快没了。” （1）run out（of sth） 【用法讲解】 ①run out of sth意为“用完；耗尽某物”，主语通常是人，后接宾语。 例句：We ran out of water when we climbed the mountain. （我们爬山的时候把水用完了。） ②run out意为“用完；耗尽”，主语通常是物品，后面不接宾语。 例句：Our food will run out in two days. （我们的食物两天后就会耗尽。） 【易错点】 run out of后必须接宾语，主语是人；run out后不接宾语，主语是物，二者不可混用。 run是不规则动词，过去式为ran，过去分词为run。 即讲即练 一、单项选择题 1. —Mum, I'm hungry. Is there anything to eat? —Sorry, the food ______. A. has run out of B. has run out C. was run out D. ran out of it 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——妈妈，我饿了。有什么吃的吗？——抱歉，食物吃完了。本题考查run out的用法。run out主语是物，无被动，故排除C和D。run out of后必须接宾语，排除A，故选B。 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. We ______ (run) out of the milk yesterday, so I bought some this morning. 【答案】ran 【详解】句意：我们昨天把牛奶喝完了，所以今天早上我买了一些。本题考查时态。根据yesterday可知用一般过去时，run的过去式为ran，ran out of意为“用完”，主语是人，故填ran。 3. How did Fu Xing react when Billy said sorry to her? 当比利向她道歉时，傅星是如何反应的？ （1）react 【用法讲解】 react作动词，意为“反应；回应”。 例句：How did your parents react to your exam result? （你父母对你的考试成绩作何反应？） 【词形变化】 reaction n. 反应；回应（由“react + 名词后缀-ion”构成。） 【常用结构】 ①react to sth. 对某事作出反应 例句：The little girl reacted quickly to the danger. （小女孩对危险反应很快。） 【易错点】 react是不及物动词，接宾语时必须加介词to，不能直接接名词。 即讲即练 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. How did the students ______ (reaction) to the surprising news? 【答案】react 【详解】句意：学生们对这个令人惊讶的消息作何反应？本题考查词性转化。助动词did后接动词原形，reaction是名词，其动词形式是react，故填react。 2. His first ______ (react) was to call the police when he saw the accident. 【答案】reaction 【详解】句意：当他看到事故时，他的第一反应是报警。本题考查词性转化。形容词first修饰名词，react的名词形式是reaction，故填reaction。 二、单项选择题 1. We are all interested in how the little boy ______ the sudden change. A. reacted for B. reacted to C. reacted with D. reacted on 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们都对那个小男孩如何应对突然的变化感兴趣。本题考查固定搭配。react to意为“对……作出反应”，react是不及物动词，接宾语需加介词to，故选B。 4. Why do we get some words mixed up? 为什么我们会把一些单词弄混？ （1）mix up 【用法讲解】 ①mix up意为“混淆；弄混”。 例句：I always mix up the two twin sisters. （我总是把这对双胞胎姐妹搞混。） ②mix up还有“混合；搅匀”的意思。 例句：Mix up the flour and eggs first. （先把面粉和鸡蛋搅匀。） 【易错点】 mix up属于“动词+副词”型短语，接代词作宾语时，代词必须放在mix和up中间。 即讲即练 一、完成句子 1. 我把盐和糖搞混了，这汤太咸了。 I ______ ______ salt ______ sugar, and the soup is too salty. 【答案】mixed; up; with 【详解】句意：我把盐和糖搞混了，这汤太咸了。本题考查固定搭配。mix up A with B意为“把A和B搞混”，根据语境可知是过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，故填mixed; up; with。 二、单项选择题 1. The teacher asked us to ______ the cards and then pick one. A. mix up B. mix with C. mix to D. mix in 【答案】A 【详解】句意：老师让我们把卡片混合起来然后抽一张。本题考查短语辨析。mix up意为“混合，搅匀”，符合“混合卡片”的语境。mix with意为“与……混合”，不符合结构，故选A。 5. How can we put our brains to good use? 我们如何才能充分利用我们的大脑？ （1）put sth to good use 【用法讲解】 put sth to good use意为“好好利用某物；物尽其用”。 例句：We should put our pocket money to good use. （我们应该好好利用我们的零花钱。） 【常用结构】 ①put sth. to good use 好好利用某物 例句：She put her old books to good use by giving them away. （她把旧书捐赠出去，让它们物尽其用。） 即讲即练 一、完成句子 1. 你应该好好利用你的时间，不要整天玩游戏。 You should ______ your time ______ ______ ______ and not play games all day. 【答案】put; to good use 【详解】句意：你应该好好利用你的时间，不要整天玩游戏。本题考查固定搭配。put sth to good use意为“好好利用某物”，情态动词should后接动词原形，故填put; to good use。 2. We should make full use of our pocket money.（改为同义句） We should ______ our pocket money ______ ______ ______. 【答案】put; to good use 【详解】句意：我们应该充分利用我们的零花钱。本题考查同义句转换。make full use of意为“充分利用”，与put sth to good use同义，故填put; to good use。 6. to retell a story well. 把故事复述得很好。 （1）retell 【用法讲解】 retell作动词，意为“复述；重述”。 例句：Please retell the story in your own words after reading. （读完后请用自己的话复述这个故事。） 【词形变化】 由“前缀re-（再、重新）+ tell（讲述）”构成。 过去式、过去分词为retold，属于不规则变化。 【常用结构】 ①retell sth. 复述某事 例句：The teacher asked us to retell the text. （老师让我们复述课文。） 【易错点】 retell的过去式是retold，不是retelled，属于不规则变化，需要特殊记忆。 即讲即练 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. She ______ (retell) the text to her mother after she finished reading. 【答案】retold 【详解】句意：她读完后把课文复述给了她妈妈。本题考查时态。描述过去的事情用一般过去时，retell的过去式是retold，故填retold。 二、单项选择题 1. —Can you ______ the joke you heard just now? —Sure. It's very funny. A. retell B. remind C. record D. recycle 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你能复述一下你刚才听到的笑话吗？——当然。它非常有趣。本题考查动词辨析。retell复述；remind提醒；record记录；recycle回收。根据joke和语境可知是“复述”笑话，故选A。 7. I don't understand what she's going through. 我不明白她正在经历什么。 （1）go through 【用法讲解】 ①go through意为“经历；经受”。 例句：She went through a hard time when she was ill. （她生病期间经历了一段艰难的日子。） ②go through还有“浏览；仔细查看”的意思。 例句：Please go through your paper before handing it in. （交卷前请仔细检查一遍。） 【易错点】 go through中的through是介词，接代词作宾语时，代词放在through后面，如go through it。 即讲即练 一、单项选择题 1. Before the exam, I like to ______ my notes carefully. A. go over B. go through C. go out D. go on 【答案】B 【详解】句意：考试前，我喜欢仔细浏览我的笔记。本题考查短语辨析。go through意为“浏览，仔细查看”，符合“复习笔记”的语境。go over也有“复习”之意，但go through更强调“仔细查看”，两者皆可，但根据选项设置，go through为最佳。此处选B。 二、完成句子 1. 那个国家正在经历巨大的变化。 That country is ______ ______ great changes. 【答案】going through 【详解】句意：那个国家正在经历巨大的变化。本题考查固定搭配。根据语境用现在进行时，go through意为“经历”，故填going through。 8. It happened to my grandpa too. 我爷爷也经历过这样的事。 （1）happen to 【用法讲解】 ①happen to sb. 意为“某事发生在某人身上”，主语通常是事。 例句：What happened to you yesterday? You looked sad. （你昨天怎么了？你看起来很难过。） ②happen to do sth. 意为“碰巧做某事”，主语通常是人。 例句：I happened to meet my old friend in the street. （我碰巧在街上遇见了我的老朋友。） 【易错点】 happen是不及物动词，没有被动语态；happen to后接动词原形，不接动名词。 即讲即练 一、单项选择题 1. What ______ your father yesterday? He looked so worried. A. happened to B. was happened to C. happened on D. was happening to 【答案】A 【详解】句意：你父亲昨天发生什么事了？他看起来很担心。本题考查happen的用法。happen无被动语态，排除B。happen to sb意为“某人发生某事”，yesterday用一般过去时，故选A。 二、完成句子 1. 如果任何事发生在她身上，请立即告诉我。 If anything ______ ______ her, please tell me at once. 【答案】happens to 【详解】句意：如果任何事发生在她身上，请立即告诉我。本题考查条件状语从句。if引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时表将来，happen to意为“发生在……身上”，主语是anything，故填happens to。 9. Instead of what he forgets, I keep in mind what he remembers. 我记住他记得的事情，而不是他忘记的事情。 （1）keep (...) in mind 【用法讲解】 keep(...)in mind意为“记住；牢记”。 例句：Please keep the traffic rules in mind when you go out. （出门时请牢记交通规则。） 【常用结构】 ①keep sth. in mind 牢记某事 例句：We should keep our parents' words in mind. （我们应该牢记父母的话。） 即讲即练 一、完成句子 1. 请牢记父母的话，他们是为了你好。 Please ______ your parents' words ______ ______. They are good for you. 【答案】keep; in mind 【详解】句意：请牢记父母的话，他们是为了你好。本题考查固定搭配。祈使句用动词原形，keep sth in mind意为“牢记某事”，故填keep; in mind。 二、句型转换 1. We should always remember the safety rules.（改为同义句） We should always ______ the safety rules ______ ______. 【答案】keep; in mind 【详解】句意：我们应该时刻牢记安全规则。本题考查同义句转换。remember意为“记住”，与keep sth in mind同义，故填keep; in mind。 10. In your case, your grandma still remembers that you love cookies! 就你而言，你奶奶还记得你爱吃饼干！ （1）case 【用法讲解】 ①case作可数名词，意为“情况；情形”。 例句：In this case, we have to ask the teacher for help. （在这种情况下，我们得向老师求助。） ②case作可数名词，还有“箱子；盒子”的意思。 例句：There is a pencil case on my desk. （我的书桌上有一个铅笔盒。） 【常见短语】 in case 以防；万一 in this case 既然这样；在这种情况下 in sb’s case就某人的情况而言；在某人的情况下 例句：In my case, I prefer to study English by listening. （就我而言，我更喜欢通过听来学英语。） 【易混短语辨析】in sb's case 与 in case ①in sb's case 意为“就某人的情况来说”，用于说明特定对象的状况。 例句：In Tom's case, he needs more time to finish the work. （就汤姆的情况来说，他需要更多时间完成工作。） ②in case 意为“以防；万一”，用于引导目的或条件。 例句：Take an umbrella with you in case it rains. （带把伞以防下雨。） 即讲即练 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. In most ______ (case), the problem can be solved easily. 【答案】cases 【详解】句意：在大多数情况下，这个问题可以很容易地解决。本题考查名词复数。most修饰可数名词复数，case意为“情况”，故填cases。 二、单项选择题 1. ______, you can ask your teacher for help if you don't understand. A. In case B. In this case C. In your case D. In case of 【答案】B 【详解】句意：既然这样，如果你不理解，你可以向老师求助。本题考查短语辨析。In this case意为“既然这样，在这种情况下”，符合语境。In case意为“以防”，不符合，故选B。 2. Take your umbrella with you ______ it rains. A. in this case B. in your case C. in case D. in case of 【答案】C 【详解】句意：带上你的伞以防下雨。本题考查短语辨析。in case意为“以防”，引导条件状语从句，符合语境，故选C。 11. Why didn't you invite him to the picnic? 你为什么不邀请他去野餐呢？ （1）picnic 【用法讲解】 ①picnic作可数名词，意为“野餐”。 例句：We will have a picnic in the park this Sunday. （这周日我们要去公园野餐。） ②picnic作动词，意为“去野餐”。 例句：They picnicked by the lake last weekend. （他们上周末在湖边野餐了。） 【常见短语】 go on a picnic 去野餐 have a picnic 举行野餐 即讲即练 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. We are going to have a ______ (picnic) in the park this Sunday. 【答案】picnic 【详解】句意：这周日我们打算去公园野餐。本题考查名词用法。have a picnic意为“举行野餐”，故填picnic。 二、单项选择题 —What did you do yesterday? —We ______ a picnic in the countryside. A. go on B. went on C. go to D. went to 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你们昨天做了什么？——我们去乡下野餐了。本题考查固定搭配。go on a picnic意为“去野餐”，yesterday用一般过去时，go的过去式为went，故选B。 12. Pardon me, where can I get a bus to the airport? 请问，我在哪里可以搭乘去机场的巴士？ （1）pardon 【用法讲解】 ①pardon作动词/不可数名词，意为“原谅；宽恕”。 例句：Please pardon me for being late. （请原谅我迟到了。） ②pardon用于口语中，意为“请再说一遍”，用于没听清对方的话时。 例句：Pardon? Could you say it again slowly? （请再说一遍好吗？你能慢一点说吗？） 【常用结构】 ①beg one's pardon 请求某人原谅 例句：I beg your pardon for my mistake. （我为我的错误请求你的原谅。） 即讲即练 一、句型转换 1. Could you say it again? I didn't hear you clearly.（改为同义句） ______? I didn't hear you clearly. 【答案】Pardon 【详解】句意：请再说一遍好吗？我没听清。本题考查同义句转换。Pardon? 用于口语中表示“请再说一遍”，故填Pardon。 二、单项选择题 1. Please ______ me for not writing to you earlier. A. pardon B. picnic C. position D. practice 【答案】A 【详解】句意：请原谅我没有早点给你写信。本题考查动词辨析。pardon意为“原谅”，符合“没有早点写信”的道歉语境，故选A。 13. I can't recall which notebook I wrote your email in. 我记不起是用哪本笔记本给你发的邮件了。 （1）recall 【用法讲解】 recall作动词，意为“回忆起；回想”。 例句：I can't recall his name right now. （我一时想不起他的名字了。） 【词形变化】 由“前缀re-（再、回）+ call（呼唤）”构成。 即讲即练 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. I can't ______ (recall) where I put the keys. 【答案】recall 【详解】句意：我记不起我把钥匙放在哪里了。本题考查情态动词用法。can't后接动词原形，故填recall。 二、单项选择题 1. —Do you ______ the name of the movie? —Sorry, I forgot it. A. recall B. retell C. repeat D. report 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你记得那部电影的名字吗？——抱歉，我忘了。本题考查动词辨析。recall意为“回忆起，回想”，符合“记起名字”的语境，故选A。 三、Section B部分语篇预习： 语篇Section B, 1b How to Boost Your Memory Would you like to improve your memory?To start with,it is important to understand how memory works. There are two main kinds of memory:short-term memory and long-term memory.Short-term memory helps you remember things that you may only need for a short time,like phone numbers when you need to make a phone call.Long-term memory is the ability to remember things for days,years,or even a lifetime.So the real question is:How do you make sure what you learn enters your long-term memory?By using some clever memory techniques and leading a healthy life,you will see some great results.Let's take a look. First, pay attention. However, you might fail to remember all the details. So, try taking notes and writing down key points. After all, it is easier to remember a summary than every word in a passage. Second, use it or lose it. The more you review what you learn, the more likely you will remember it. However, you should not wear out your brain. Try studying for 40 minutes, and then take a break. You can also review information by discussing it with others or by teaching others. A third way is to make use of senses. Create images by using tables, graphs, and mind maps to organize information. You can also create a story with information and view it in your mind like a film. In addition, make use of your other senses. For example, listening to recorded information can be very effective. Last but not least, boost your memory by staying healthy. ·Sleep well. While you sleep, your brain organizes your memories. Bad sleep makes it harder for new information to enter your long-term memory. ·Eat well. Your brain needs food like an engine needs fuel. Healthy food and drink will help your brain work much better. ·Exercise. A healthy and active body boosts both your memory and your mind. Many more memory techniques can be found in books or online. Try some different methods to see which ones work best for you. You are sure to improve your memory! 翻译 如何提升记忆力 你想提高记忆力吗？首先，了解记忆的运作原理很重要。 记忆主要分为两种：短时记忆和长时记忆。短时记忆帮你记住短期内需要的信息，比如打电话时的号码。长时记忆是能记住几天、几年甚至一辈子的能力。所以真正的问题是：如何让所学内容进入长时记忆？运用巧妙的记忆方法，保持健康生活，就能收获显著效果。一起来看看。 第一，集中注意力。但你可能记不住所有细节，所以试着记笔记，写下要点。毕竟，记住概要比逐字背诵文章更容易。 第二，用则进，废则退。复习得越多，记得越牢。但不要过度用脑，学习40分钟就休息一下。你也可以和他人讨论、给他人讲解来复习知识。 第三，善用感官。用表格、图表、思维导图整理信息，构建画面。也可以把信息编成故事，像电影一样在脑海中回放。此外，利用其他感官，比如听录音就很有效。 最后同样重要的是，保持健康以提升记忆力。 ·睡好觉。睡眠时大脑会整理记忆，睡眠不好会让新信息更难进入长时记忆。 ·吃好饭。大脑需要营养，就像引擎需要燃料。健康的饮食能让大脑运转得更好。 ·多运动。健康活力的身体能同时提升记忆力和思维能力。 书籍和网络上还有更多记忆技巧。尝试不同方法，找到最适合自己的，你的记忆力一定会提高！ 语篇Section B, 3a Friday,20 November In the past,I always felt stressed when I had to give a speech. I used to spend lots of time trying to memorize my speech, but I still forgot some parts. Last week, I decided to find out what the right way is to memorize a speech.I looked online and asked friends, and I found many useful methods. I learnt how to create a speech outline. Instead of trying to remember every word of my speech, I remembered the key words first. Then I formed images of these key words in my mind, and linked them in order. Another method is to divide the speech into short sections. I practised the first section until I could fully recall it. Then I moved on to the next. This helped me to find out which parts of the speech I needed to work on the most. Finally,a friend told me that I should have confidence in myself.Nobody knows my speech except me. If I do forget some words,I shouldn't panic. Just remember the key words and continue! I followed all these great methods and my speech today was a great success! 翻译 11月20日星期五 以前，我一要演讲就紧张。我总花大量时间背演讲稿，却还是会忘词。上周，我决定找到背演讲稿的正确方法。我上网查资料、请教朋友，找到了很多实用技巧。 我学会了列演讲提纲。不再逐字背诵，而是先记关键词，再在脑海中把关键词变成画面，按顺序串联起来。 另一个方法是把演讲稿分成小段。先练第一段，直到完全记住，再练下一段。这能帮我找到最需要下功夫的部分。 最后，朋友告诉我要自信。除了我没人更熟悉我的演讲稿。就算忘词也别慌，记住关键词继续讲就好！ 我用了这些好方法，今天的演讲非常成功！ 四、Section B部分教材词句重难点解析： 1. To start with, it is important to understand how memory works. 首先，了解记忆是如何运作的非常重要。 （1）to start with 【用法讲解】 to start with是固定短语，意为“首先；起初；一开始”，用于引出第一件事或最初的情况。 例句：To start with, we need to make a clear plan. （首先，我们需要制定一个清晰的计划。） 【易混短语辨析】to start with 与 at first ①to start with 意为“首先”，多用于列举要点、引出第一步，相当于first of all。 例句：To start with, let's review the new words. （首先，我们来复习生词。） ②at first 意为“起初；一开始”，多用于描述最初的状态，常和后来的变化对比。 例句：At first, I didn't like English, but now I do. （起初我不喜欢英语，但现在喜欢了。） 即讲即练 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. ______ (start) with, let me introduce myself to you. 【答案】To start 【详解】句意：首先，让我向你们介绍一下我自己。本题考查固定短语。to start with意为“首先”，故填To start。 二、单项选择题 1. ______, we need to collect enough information. A. At first B. To start with C. In case D. At once 【答案】B 【详解】句意：首先，我们需要收集足够的信息。本题考查短语辨析。to start with意为“首先”，用于列举要点，符合“收集信息是第一步”的语境，故选B。 2. ______ I didn't like the job, but now I enjoy it very much. A. To start with B. At first C. At last D. In the end 【答案】B 【详解】句意：起初我不喜欢这份工作，但现在我非常喜欢。本题考查短语辨析。at first意为“起初”，常与后来的变化对比，符合语境，故选B。 2. The more you review what you learn, the more likely you will remember it. 你复习所学内容的次数越多，记住它的可能性就越大。 （1）likely 【用法讲解】 ①likely作形容词，意为“可能的；有希望的”。 例句：It is likely to rain this afternoon, so take an umbrella. （今天下午可能会下雨，带上伞吧。） ②likely作副词，意为“很可能；大概”。 例句：They will very likely come to our party this weekend. （他们这周末很可能来参加我们的派对。） 【词形变化】 unlikely adj. 不太可能的（由“likely + 否定前缀un-”构成。） 【常用结构】 ①be likely to do sth. 很可能做某事 例句：He is likely to win the 100-meter race. （他很可能赢得百米赛跑。） ②It is likely that... 很可能…… 例句：It is likely that we will have a spring trip next month. （我们下个月很可能去春游。） 【易错点】 likely的比较级和最高级为more likely、most likely，不可直接加er/est。 即讲即练 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. It is ______ (like) that he will win the game. 【答案】likely 【详解】句意：他很可能会赢得比赛。本题考查固定句型。It is likely that...意为“很可能……”，like是动词/介词，其形容词形式为likely，故填likely。 二、单项选择题 1. ______ he will be late for the meeting. A. It is likely that B. That is likely C. It is likely to D. He is likely 【答案】A 【详解】句意：他很可能会开会迟到。本题考查likely的句型。It is likely that...意为“很可能……”，是固定句型，故选A。 3. However, you should not wear out your brain. 然而，你不应该过度使用你的大脑。 （1）wear out 【用法讲解】 ①wear out意为“磨损；穿破”，指衣物、物品因长期使用而损坏。 例句：My sports shoes are worn out after the long running. （跑了很长的路，我的运动鞋磨破了。） ②wear out还有“使疲惫；使筋疲力尽”的意思，形容人消耗完精力。 例句：Long hours of homework wore the little boy out. （长时间写作业让小男孩筋疲力尽。） 【易错点】 wear out属于“动词+副词”型短语，接代词作宾语时，代词必须放在wear和out中间，如wear them out； wear是不规则动词，过去式为wore，过去分词为worn。 即讲即练 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. My old shoes are ______ (wear) out. I need a new pair. 【答案】worn 【详解】句意：我的旧鞋穿破了。我需要一双新的。本题考查时态语态。are worn out表示“被穿破了”，wear的过去分词是worn，故填worn。 二、单项选择题 1. —I'm so tired after the whole day's work. —Me too. The work really ______ us ______. A. wore; out B. wore; up C. worn; out D. worn; up 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——一整天的工作后我好累。——我也是。这工作真的让我们筋疲力尽。本题考查时态和短语。描述过去的事情用一般过去时，wear out意为“使筋疲力尽”，wear的过去式是wore，故选A。 4. In this unit, you will discuss memory problems using object clauses. 在本单元中，你将使用关系从句来讨论记忆问题。 （1）discuss 【用法讲解】 discuss作动词，意为“讨论；商量”。 例句：We will discuss our class trip plan after class. （我们课后会讨论班级旅行计划。） 【词形变化】 discussion n. 讨论；议论（由“discuss + 名词后缀-ion”构成。） 【常用结构】 ①discuss sth. with sb. 和某人讨论某事 例句：You can discuss this math problem with your deskmate. （你可以和同桌讨论这道数学题。） 即讲即练 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. We had a heated ______ (discuss) about the plan yesterday. 【答案】discussion 【详解】句意：昨天我们就这个计划进行了热烈的讨论。本题考查词性转化。冠词a后接可数名词单数，discuss的名词形式是discussion，故填discussion。 二、单项选择题 1. We need to ______ the problem with the whole team. A. discuss B. discussion C. discussed D. discussing 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们需要和整个团队讨论这个问题。本题考查非谓语动词。need to do sth意为“需要做某事”，后接动词原形，故选A。 5. You can also create a story with information and view it in your mind like a film. 你也可以用信息构建一个故事，并在脑海中像看电影一样观看它。 （1）view 【用法讲解】 ①view作可数名词，意为“观点；看法”。 例句：Different people have different views on this matter. （不同的人对这件事有不同的看法。） ②view作可数名词，还有“风景；景色”的意思，指人眼看到的自然风光。 例句：We can get a wonderful view of the lake from the hill top. （从山顶我们能看到绝美的湖景。） ③view作动词，意为“看待；观看”。 例句：We should view the difficulty in a positive way. （我们应该用积极的心态看待困难。） 【常用结构】 ①in one's view 在某人看来 例句：In my view, reading is a good way to relax. （在我看来，阅读是一种很好的放松方式。） 【常见短语】 point of view 观点 即讲即练 一、单项选择题 1. From the top of the tower, you can get a wonderful ______ of the whole city. A. view B. idea C. thought D. position 【答案】A 【详解】句意：从塔顶，你可以看到整个城市的绝美景色。本题考查名词辨析。view意为“风景，景色”，符合“从塔顶看到的城市景色”语境，故选A。 2. In my ______, we should take action right now. A. view B. idea C. thought D. way 【答案】A 【详解】句意：在我看来，我们应该立即采取行动。本题考查固定短语。in one's view意为“在某人看来”，故选A。 二、完成句子 1. 不同的人对这个问题有不同的看法。 Different people have different ______ ______ this problem. 【答案】views on 【详解】句意：不同的人对这个问题有不同的看法。本题考查固定搭配。view意为“看法”，复数形式为views，have views on sth意为“对某事有看法”，故填views on。 6. For example, listening to recorded information can be very effective. 例如，听取录音信息可能非常有效。 （1）effective 【用法讲解】 effective作形容词，意为“有效的；起作用的”。 例句：This is an effective way to remember English words. （这是一个记英语单词的有效方法。） 【词形变化】 effect n. 效果；影响（词根） effectively adv. 有效地（由“effective + 副词后缀-ly”构成。） 【易混词辨析】effective 与 efficient ①effective 形容词，意为“有效的”，侧重有效果、能实现预期目标。 例句：This kind of medicine is very effective for colds. （这种药治感冒很有效。） ②efficient 形容词，意为“高效的”，侧重效率高、省时省力。 例句：She is an efficient student and finishes homework fast. （她是个高效的学生，完成作业很快。） 【常见短语】 effective method 有效方法 take effective measures 采取有效措施 即讲即练 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. The new method works ______ (effective) in saving water. 【答案】effectively 【详解】句意：这种新方法在节约用水方面效果很好。本题考查词性转化。副词修饰动词works，effective的副词形式是effectively，故填effectively。 二、单项选择题 1. This is a very ______ way to learn new words. A. efficient B. effective C. effect D. effectively 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这是一个学习新单词的非常有效的方法。本题考查形容词辨析。effective意为“有效的”，强调效果，符合“学习单词的方法”语境。efficient意为“高效的”，强调效率，故选B。 7. You need to remember the password to your online bank account. 你需要记住你的网上银行账户密码。 （1）account 【用法讲解】 ①account作可数名词，意为“账户；账号”。 例句：You can open a bank account with your ID card. （你可以用身份证开一个银行账户。） ②account作可数名词，还有“描述；理由”的意思。 例句：He gave us a true account of what happened. （他给我们如实描述了发生的事情。） ③account作动词，意为“解释；占（比例）”。 例句：Girls account for half of the students in our class. （女生占我们班学生总数的一半。） 【常用结构】 ①account for 解释；占（比例） 例句：Can you account for your being late this morning? （你能解释一下今早迟到的原因吗？） 【常见短语】 user account 用户账户 bank account 银行账户 即讲即练 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. You need to open a bank ______ (account) if you want to save money. 【答案】account 【详解】句意：如果你想存钱，你需要开一个银行账户。本题考查名词用法。bank account意为“银行账户”，故填account。 二、单项选择题 1. Can you ______ for your absence from school yesterday? A. account B. count C. recount D. discount 【答案】A 【详解】句意：你能解释一下你昨天为什么没来上学吗？本题考查动词辨析。account for意为“解释”，符合“解释缺席原因”的语境，故选A。 8. The customer reacted badly to the price increase. 顾客对价格上涨反应不佳。 （1）increase 【用法讲解】 ①increase作动词，意为“增加；增长”，指数量、程度变得更大。 例句：The number of wild birds in our city increases every year. （我们城市的野生鸟类数量每年都在增加。） ②increase作名词，意为“增加；增长”。 例句：There is a great increase in people's daily income. （人们的日常收入有了大幅增长。） 【词形变化】 increasing adj. 不断增长的（由“increase + 形容词后缀-ing”构成。） 【常用结构】 ①increase by 增长了（幅度） 例句：The price of the pen increased by 2 yuan. （这支钢笔的价格涨了两元。） ②increase to 增长到（具体数值） 例句：The number of classes increased to 30 this term. （这学期班级数量增长到了三十个。） 即讲即练 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. The population of this city ______ (increase) by 5% last year. 【答案】increased 【详解】句意：去年这个城市的人口增长了5%。本题考查时态。last year用一般过去时，故填increased。 二、单项选择题 1. The price of houses in this area ______ 20% this year. A. has increased by B. has increased to C. increased to D. increase by 【答案】A 【详解】句意：今年这个地区的房价上涨了20%。本题考查时态和介词搭配。this year（今年）常与现在完成时连用，increase by表示“增长了（幅度）”，20%是幅度，故选A。 9. The man has lost a lot of blood. 这个人失血过多。 （1）blood 【用法讲解】 blood作不可数名词，意为“血；血液”。 例句：There is some blood on his arm. （他的胳膊上有一些血。） 【词形变化】 bleed v. 流血；出血（对应动词形式） bloody adj. 血腥的；流血的（由“blood + 形容词后缀-y”构成。） 【常见短语】 blood type 血型 fresh blood 新鲜血液 【易错点】 blood是不可数名词，没有复数形式；注意区分名词blood和动词bleed的拼写。 即讲即练 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. His ______ (bleed) finger needs cleaning. 【答案】bleeding 【详解】句意：他流血的手指需要清理。本题考查词性转化。bleeding意为“流血的”，作定语修饰finger，故填bleeding。 二、单项选择题 1. He lost a lot of ______ in the car accident. A. blood B. bleed C. bloody D. bleeding 【答案】A 【详解】句意：他在车祸中失血过多。本题考查不可数名词。blood是不可数名词，意为“血”，a lot of后接不可数名词，故选A。 10. He is likely to die of wounds if not treated at once. 如果不立即治疗，他可能会因伤势过重而死亡。 （1）wound 【用法讲解】 ①wound作可数名词，意为“伤口；创伤”。 例句：The soldier had a serious wound in the leg. （这名士兵腿上有一处重伤。） ②wound作动词，意为“使受伤；伤害”。 例句：He was wounded in the traffic accident. （他在交通事故中受了伤。） 【词形变化】 wounded adj. 受伤的（由“wound + 形容词后缀-ed”构成。） 【易混词辨析】wound、hurt 与 injure ①wound 动词/名词，意为“（使）受伤；伤口”，多指利器、外力造成的明显外伤，也可指精神伤害。 例句：The knife wounded his left hand. （刀子割伤了他的左手。） ②hurt 动词/形容词，意为“（使）疼痛；受伤的”，可指肉体或精神上的伤害，程度可轻可重。 例句：My right leg hurts badly. （我右腿疼得厉害。） ③injure 动词，意为“伤害；损害”，多指意外事故造成的身体伤害。 例句：Five people were injured in the car accident. （五人在这场车祸中受伤。） 即讲即练 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. The ______ (wound) soldier was sent to the hospital immediately. 【答案】wounded 【详解】句意：受伤的士兵被立即送往医院。本题考查词性转化。wounded意为“受伤的”，作定语修饰soldier，故填wounded。 二、单项选择题 1. In the war, many soldiers were ______. A. hurt B. injured C. wounded D. damaged 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在战争中，许多士兵受伤了。本题考查动词辨析。wound多指战争中利器造成的外伤，符合“士兵在战争中受伤”的语境，故选C。 11. They can recognize voices of other dolphins-even when they have not met each other for a long time. 它们能认出其他海豚的声音，即使它们已经很久没见面了。 （1）recognize 【用法讲解】 recognize作动词，意为“认出；识别；承认”。 例句：I didn't recognize him at first because he wore a pair of sunglasses. （我一开始没认出他，因为他戴了一副墨镜。） 【词形变化】 recognition n. 认出；承认（由“recognize + 名词后缀-tion”构成。） 【常用结构】 ①recognize sb./sth. 认出某人/某物 例句：She can recognize her mother's footsteps easily. （她能轻易听出妈妈的脚步声。） 【易错点】 recognize是美式拼写，英式拼写为recognise，初中阶段两种拼写均认可； recognize是短暂性动词，不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。 即讲即练 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. There is a growing ______ (recognize) that this problem is serious. 【答案】recognition 【详解】句意：越来越多的人认识到这个问题很严重。本题考查词性转化。冠词a后接可数名词单数，recognize的名词形式是recognition，故填recognition。 2. I ______ (recognize) him as soon as he came in. 【答案】recognized 【详解】句意：他一进来我就认出了他。本题考查时态。描述过去的事情用一般过去时，故填recognized。 二、单项选择题 1. I can ______ my mother's voice on the phone easily. A. recognize B. realize C. recall D. remember 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我能在电话里轻易地认出妈妈的声音。本题考查动词辨析。recognize意为“认出”，符合“辨认出声音”的语境，故选A。 12. I practised the first section until I could fully recall it. 我反复练习了第一部分，直到能够完全背诵下来。 （1）fully 【用法讲解】 fully作副词，意为“完全地；充分地”，强调程度。 例句：You should fully understand the meaning of the text. （你应该充分理解课文的含义。） 【词形变化】 full adj. 满的；完全的（fully去掉副词后缀-ly） 【易混词辨析】fully 与 completely ①fully 副词，意为“充分地；完全地”，侧重程度上的充足、全面。 例句：We are fully prepared for the coming exam. （我们为即将到来的考试做好了充分准备。） ②completely 副词，意为“完全地；彻底地”，侧重整体上全部、无一例外。 例句：The difficult work is completely finished. （这项困难的工作彻底完成了。） 【常见短语】 fully understand 充分理解 fully agree 完全同意 即讲即练 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. I ______ (full) agree with your opinion. 【答案】fully 【详解】句意：我完全同意你的观点。本题考查词性转化。副词修饰动词agree，故填fully。 二、单项选择题 1. I don't ______ understand what you said. Could you repeat it? A. full B. fully C. complete D. completely 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我没有完全理解你说的话。你能重复一遍吗？本题考查副词辨析。fully和completely都可以表示“完全地”，但fully侧重“充分地”，此处修饰动词understand，fully符合语境，故选B。 13. Another method is to divide the speech into short sections. 另一种方法是将演讲划分为若干短片段。 （1）divide 【用法讲解】 divide作动词，意为“分开；划分；除”。 例句：The teacher divided the whole class into four small groups. （老师把全班分成了四个小组。） Ten divided by two is five. （十除以二等于五。） 【词形变化】 division n. 分开；除法（由“divide + 名词后缀-sion”构成。） 【常用结构】 ①divide...into... 把……分成…… divide...into... 意为“把某物分成……”，后接数量词，表示将整体划分为多个部分。 例句：She divided the big watermelon into six pieces. （她把大西瓜分成了六块。） Divide the big cake into eight pieces. （把大蛋糕分成八块。） 【易混词辨析】divide 与 separate ①divide 动词，意为“分开”，侧重把一个整体分成若干部分，常和介词into搭配。 例句：We divide the apple into two halves. （我们把苹果分成两半。） ②separate 动词，意为“分离；分开”，侧重把原本混在一起的事物分隔开，常和介词from搭配。 例句：Please separate the good apples from the bad ones. （请把好苹果和坏苹果分开。） 即讲即练 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. The cake was ______ (divide) into eight pieces by the girl. 【答案】divided 【详解】句意：这个蛋糕被那个女孩分成了八块。本题考查被动语态。主语cake与divide是被动关系，用被动语态，divide的过去分词是divided，故填divided。 二、单项选择题 1. Please ______ the apple into four parts. A. divide B. separate C. cut D. split 【答案】A 【详解】句意：请把这个苹果分成四份。本题考查动词辨析。divide...into意为“把……分成……”，符合“把一个苹果分成四份”的语境，故选A。 2. We need to ______ the good books from the bad ones. A. divide B. separate C. part D. leave 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们需要把好书和坏书分开。本题考查动词辨析。separate...from意为“把……和……分开”，强调把混在一起的分开，符合“区分好坏书”的语境，故选B。 五、单元重点语法知识解析： 疑问词引导的宾语从句 一、常用的引导宾语从句的疑问词。 宾语从句除可以用that、if、whether引导外，还可以用疑问词进行引导。当宾语从句不是陈述一件事，而是表达一个问题时，宾语从句用疑问词引导。 例：I know where he lives. 我知道他住哪。（宾语从句表达的意思为“他住哪”，这是一个问题，用疑问词引导） I don't know what he does every day. 我不知道他每天做什么。（宾语从句表达的意思为“他每天做什么”，这是一个问题，用疑问词引导） 所有引导宾语从句的疑问词均保留原本的疑问含义，具体如下： 疑问词 问什么 例句 what​ 事物/什么 Tell me what you want.（告诉我你想要什么。） who​ 人（主） I know who will come.（我知道谁来。） whom​ 人（宾，书） I know whom he invited.（我知道他邀请了谁。） whose​ 所属 Ask him whose pen this is.（问他这是谁的笔。） which​ 哪一个 I don't know which one to choose.（我不知道选哪个。） when​ 时间 She asked when the train leaves.（她问火车几点开。） where​ 地点 He told me where the shop was.（他告诉我店在哪。） why​ 原因 I wonder why he is sad.（我想知道他为何难过。） how​ 方式/程度 Show me how you do it.（给我看你怎么做。） how long 多久（问时间段）、多长（问长度） Please tell me how long you have been here.（请告诉我你在这里待了多久。） how soon 多久以后（问将来时间） I want to know how soon he will come back.（我想知道他还要多久回来。） how often 多久一次（问频率） I want to know how often he exercises.（我想知道他多久锻炼一次。） how far 多远（问距离） Could you tell me how far it is from your home to school?（能告诉我你家到学校多远吗？ how many 多少（问数量） I want to know how many books you have read.（我想知道你读了多少本书。） how much 多少（问数量、价格） I want to know how much these shoes are.（我想知道这鞋多少钱。） I wonder how much water is​ left.（我想知道还剩多少水。） 注意：（1）引导宾语从句的疑问词不仅有相应的含义，而且在从句中一般都充当相应的成分，全都不能省略。（注意和that、if、whether引导的从句的区别） Can you tell me who will win the game？你能告诉我谁会赢得比赛吗？（宾语从句引导词who在从句中作主语，不能省略） Could you tell me when the train will arrive？你能告诉我火车什么时候到吗？（宾语从句引导词when在从句中作时间状语，不能省略） （2）who与whom区分：who作从句主语，whom作从句宾语，口语和中考题中常用who替代whom。 I know who he invited. 我知道他邀请了谁。（口语 ） I know whom he invited. 我知道他邀请了谁。（书面） 二、注意事项： 1. 宾语从句的语序。 疑问词引导的宾语从句在意思上表达的是一个问句，但语序上要用陈述句语序，而不用特殊疑问句的语序。 I don't know what is he doing.（错误）→ I don't know what he is doing.我不知道他在做什么。（正确） Can you tell me where do you live？（错误）→ Can you tell me where you live？（正确） 2. 从句时态与主句时态呼应（和that/if/whether宾语从句一致） （1）主句用一般现在时，从句时态随实际情况变，不受限制（现在/将来/完成均可）。 I know where he lives. 我知道他住在哪里。（主现，从现） I know where he lived last year. 我知道他去年住在哪里。（主现，从过） I know where he will live. 我知道他会住在哪里。（主现，从将） （2）主句用一般过去时，从句用相应过去时态（一般过去时/过去将来时/过去完成时） He said that he was busy. 他说他忙。 I knew where he had gone. 我当时知道他去哪了。 （3）从句为客观真理/事实，无论主句时态，从句一律用一般现在时。 例句：The teacher asked us how the earth goes around the sun. 老师问我们地球是如何围绕太阳运转的。（客观真理，用一般现在时） 三、宾语从句的简化。 当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从句是疑问词（what/where/when/how/which）引导的宾语从句时，可将宾语从句简化为“疑问词 + 不定式”结构。 I don't know what I should do.= I don't know what to do. 我不知道应该做什么。 He asked me where he could find it.= He asked me where to find it. 他问我哪里能找到它。 I can't decide which I should choose.= I can't decide which to choose. 我无法决定应该选择哪一个。 即讲即练 一、单项选择题 1. —Could you tell me ______? —At 8:00 tomorrow morning. A. when will the meeting start B. when the meeting will start C. what time will the meeting start D. what time the meeting start 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你能告诉我会议什么时候开始吗？——明天早上8点。本题考查宾语从句。宾语从句用陈述句语序，排除A和C。D选项缺少will，时态错误，故选B。 2. I don't know ______. A. what is his name B. what his name is C. his name is what D. what was his name 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我不知道他叫什么名字。本题考查宾语从句。宾语从句用陈述句语序，且主句为一般现在时，从句也用一般现在时，故选B。 二、完成句子 1. Where does he live? Can you tell me?（改为宾语从句） Can you tell me _________________? 【答案】where he lives 【详解】句意：你能告诉我他住在哪里吗？本题考查宾语从句语序。疑问词引导的宾语从句用陈述句语序，即“疑问词+主语+谓语”，故填where he lives。 2. What time will the train leave? I wonder.（改为宾语从句） I wonder ______________________________. 【答案】what time the train will leave 【详解】句意：我想知道火车什么时候离开。本题考查宾语从句语序。宾语从句用陈述句语序，且主句是一般现在时，从句时态根据实际情况（将来）用一般将来时，故填what time the train will leave。 3. I don't know what I should do next.（改为简单句） I don't know __________________ next. 【答案】what to do 【详解】句意：我不知道下一步该做什么。本题考查宾语从句简化。当主从句主语一致时，疑问词引导的宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”，故填what to do。 ◇Part 04 知 识 过 关 练 一、单项选择题 1. The map shows the ______ of the school. It's over there. A. position B. direction C. instruction D. description 【答案】A 【详解】句意：地图显示了学校的位置。它在那边。本题考查名词辨析。position意为“位置”，符合语境，故选A。 2. We ______ milk, so I have to go to the supermarket. A. have run out of B. have run out C. run out D. ran out of it 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们的牛奶用完了，所以我得去超市。本题考查run out of的用法。主语是人，后接宾语milk，用have run out of，故选A。 3. How did your parents ______ your decision? A. react to B. reaction to C. react for D. reaction for 【答案】A 【详解】句意：你父母对你的决定作何反应？本题考查固定搭配。react to意为“对……作出反应”，助动词did后接动词原形，故选A。 4. The twins are so similar that I often ______ their names. A. mix up B. put up C. give up D. take up 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这对双胞胎如此相似以至于我经常把他们的名字弄混。本题考查短语辨析。mix up意为“弄混”，符合语境，故选A。 5. We should ______ our spare time ______ to help others. A. put; to good use B. put; to good used C. take; to good use D. make; to good use 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们应该好好利用业余时间去帮助别人。本题考查固定搭配。put sth to good use意为“好好利用某物”，故选A。 6. The teacher asked us ______ the story after reading it. A. retell B. to retell C. retelling D. retold 【答案】B 【详解】句意：老师让我们读完后复述这个故事。本题考查非谓语动词。ask sb to do sth意为“要求某人做某事”，故选B。 7. She ______ a lot of difficulties when she was young. A. went over B. went through C. went out D. went on 【答案】B 【详解】句意：她年轻时经历了很多困难。本题考查短语辨析。go through意为“经历”，符合“困难”的语境，故选B。 8. ______, I didn't like pop music, but now I love it. A. To start with B. At first C. At last D. In the end 【答案】B 【详解】句意：起初我不喜欢流行音乐，但现在我喜欢它。本题考查短语辨析。at first意为“起初”，常与后来的变化对比，故选B。 9. This method is very ______ in improving our English. A. efficient B. effective C. effect D. effectively 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这种方法在提高我们的英语方面非常有效。本题考查形容词辨析。effective意为“有效的”，强调效果，故选B。 10. The price of houses ______ 10% last year. A. increased by B. increased to C. has increased by D. has increased to 【答案】A 【详解】句意：去年房价上涨了10%。本题考查时态和介词。last year用一般过去时，increase by表示“增长了（幅度）”，故选A。 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 11. The children were all in ______ (they) positions when the bell rang. 【答案】their 【详解】句意：铃响时，孩子们都在各自的位置上。本题考查代词，空后是名词，用形容词性物主代词their。 12. Our food will ______ (run) out soon. Let's buy some. 【答案】run 【详解】句意：我们的食物快吃完了。我们去买一些吧。will后接动词原形，故填run。 13. Her first ______ (react) to the bad news was crying. 【答案】reaction 【详解】句意：她对那个坏消息的第一反应是哭。形容词first修饰名词，故填reaction。 14. Please don't ______ (mix) up the two kinds of salt. 【答案】mix 【详解】句意：请不要把这两种盐搞混。祈使句用动词原形，故填mix。 15. He ______ (retell) the story to his little sister yesterday. 【答案】retold 【详解】句意：他昨天把这个故事复述给了他妹妹。yesterday用一般过去时，retell的过去式是retold。 16. She is ______ (go) through a hard time now. 【答案】going 【详解】句意：她正在经历一段艰难的时期。now提示用现在进行时，故填going。 17. I ______ (happen) to see him in the street yesterday. 【答案】happened 【详解】句意：我昨天碰巧在街上看见他。yesterday用一般过去时，故填happened。 18. Please ______ (keep) these rules in mind. 【答案】keep 【详解】句意：请牢记这些规则。祈使句用动词原形，故填keep。 19. Take an umbrella with you ______ (以防) it rains. 【答案】in case 【详解】句意：带上伞以防下雨。in case意为“以防”，故填in case。 20. We ______ (picnic) by the lake last Sunday. 【答案】picnicked 【详解】句意：上周日我们在湖边野餐了。last Sunday用一般过去时，picnic的过去式为picnicked。 21. I can't ______ (recall) where I put my keys. 【答案】recall 【详解】句意：我记不起我把钥匙放在哪里了。can't后接动词原形，故填recall。 22. It is ______ (likely) to snow tomorrow. 【答案】likely 【详解】句意：明天很可能下雪。It is likely to do意为“很可能做某事”，故填likely。 23. My shoes are ______ (wear) out. I need new ones. 【答案】worn 【详解】句意：我的鞋子穿破了。我需要新的。are worn out意为“被穿破了”，故填worn。 24. The new method is very ______ (effect). 【答案】effective 【详解】句意：这个新方法非常有效。is后接形容词作表语，故填effective。 25. The cake was ______ (divide) into six pieces. 【答案】divided 【详解】句意：蛋糕被分成了六块。被动语态，过去分词为divided。 三、完成句子 26. 你能在地图上指出这座城市的位置吗？ Can you ______ me the ______ of the city on the map? 【答案】show; position 【详解】句意：你能在地图上指出这座城市的位置吗？show sb sth意为“给某人展示某物”，position意为“位置”。 27. 我们的水用完了。 We have ______ ______ ______ water. 【答案】run out of 【详解】句意：我们的水用完了。run out of意为“用完”，主语是人。 28. 你对他的建议作何反应？ How did you ______ ______ his advice? 【答案】react to 【详解】句意：你对他的建议作何反应？react to意为“对……作出反应”。 29. 我总是把这两个单词弄混。 I always ______ ______ these two words. 【答案】mix up 【详解】句意：我总是把这两个单词弄混。mix up意为“弄混”。 30. 我们应该好好利用我们的时间。 We should ______ our time ______ ______ ______. 【答案】put; to good use 【详解】句意：我们应该好好利用我们的时间。put sth to good use意为“好好利用某物”。 31. 请用自己的话复述这个故事。 Please ______ the story in your own words. 【答案】retell 【详解】句意：请用自己的话复述这个故事。祈使句用动词原形，retell意为“复述”。 32. 她正在经历一个困难的时期。 She is ______ ______ a difficult period. 【答案】going through 【详解】句意：她正在经历一个困难的时期。go through意为“经历”，用现在进行时。 33. 就我而言，我喜欢独自旅行。 ______ ______ ______, I like travelling alone. 【答案】In my case 【详解】句意：就我而言，我喜欢独自旅行。in one's case意为“就某人的情况而言”。 34. 首先，让我们复习一下生词。 ______ ______ ______, let's review the new words. 【答案】To start with 【详解】句意：首先，让我们复习一下生词。to start with意为“首先”。 35. 计划失败的部分原因是天气不好。 The plan failed ________ ________ because of bad weather. 【答案】 in part 【详解】原句中“部分”是关键词，对应固定短语in part，句子时态为一般过去时无特殊变形要求，故填in；part。 ◇Part 05 能 力 提 升 练 一、短文填空 We know that people’s memory 1 (get) worse as they grow older. So we need some good ways 2 (improve) our memory. First, it is easier to remember a summary 3 every single word in a passage. Second, review what you learn often. 4 more you review, the better you will remember things. Many memory skills can be found 5 books or online. When you learn new words, don’t panic 6 you forget them sometimes. I 7 (use) to forget words quickly, but now I can keep them in mind well. Listening to recordings is also 8 useful way. It helps a lot. In 9 (I) case, these methods have brought me great changes. I believe everyone can become good at 10 (remember) things with proper skills. 【答案】1．gets 2．to improve 3．than 4．The 5．in 6．if/when 7．used 8．a 9．my 10．remembering 【导语】本文围绕提升记忆力展开，介绍了总结内容、时常复习、记忆技巧、听录音等多种改善记忆的实用方法，分享作者自身记忆提升的经历。 【详解】1．句意：我们知道随着人们变老，记忆力会变差。主语memory为单数，as引导客观规律，使用一般现在时，动词get变为三单形式gets。 2．句意：所以我们需要一些好方法来提升我们的记忆力。固定搭配ways to do sth.表示“做某事的方法”，不定式作后置定语，故填to improve。 3．句意：记住一段文章的概要比记住每一个单词更容易。句子出现比较级easier，前后对比两者，用介词than表示“比”。 4．句意：你复习得越多，记住东西就越牢固。固定句型The+比较级，the+比较级，表示“越……，越……”，句首首字母大写，故填The。 5．句意：我们可以在书本或网上找到许多记忆技巧。固定搭配in books表示“在书籍中”，介词用in。 6．句意：当你学习新单词时，就算偶尔忘记也不用慌张。此处用if引导条件状语从句，意为“如果”。if符合语境。 7．句意：我以前总是很快忘记单词，但现在我能牢牢记住它们。固定短语used to do sth. 表示“过去常常做某事”，故填used。 8．句意：听录音也是一种有用的方法。way是可数名词单数，useful以辅音音素开头，不定冠词用a。 9．句意：就我而言，这些方法给我带来了巨大改变。固定搭配in my case表示“就我而言”，形容词性物主代词my修饰case。 10．句意：我相信掌握合适的技巧，每个人都能擅长记住事物。固定搭配be good at doing sth.，at是介词，后接动名词，remember变动名词remembering。 二、任务型阅读。 How can you remember a song from your childhood to this day? Why do your teachers use songs to teach you English? It seems there is a scientific reason for this. Researchers are now studying the relationship between music and remembering a foreign language. They find that remembering words in a song is the best way to remember even the most difficult language. “Singing could be a new way of learning a foreign language. The brain likes to remember things when they are used in a catchy and meaningful way,” said Dr. Karen Ludke. The findings may benefit those who have difficulty learning foreign languages. On her blog, Dr Ludke writes, “A listen-and-repeat singing method can support foreign language learning, and open the door for future research in this area.” Many language teachers know the value of using music and singing. Hua Zhuying, a teacher at a Chinese language school in Washington D．C, depends heavily on songs in teaching Chinese. She says, “I use music all the time to teach children Chinese. For little kids, we usually use English songs to teach them the Chinese lyrics (歌词). It’s easy for them to start because they know the music. Not only does it work, but it is fun for the kids.” “Sometimes, I think if I were taught English that way, maybe I would speak much better English than now,” Hua Zhuying adds. Our brain likes music, especially for remembering. 根据语篇内容，回答下列问题。 11．According to the passage, what is the best way to remember a foreign language? 12．Who may benefit from the way of learning by singing according to Dr. Ludke? 13．What does Hua Zhuying do? 14．How is teaching with songs, according to Hua Zhuying? (不超过15个词) 15．What does the passage mainly tell us? (不超过15个词) 【答案】11．Remembering words in a song. 12．Those who have difficulty learning foreign languages. 13．She is a Chinese language teacher. 14．It works and is fun for the kids. 15．Singing helps people learn foreign languages. 【导语】本文主要介绍了音乐和歌唱在外语学习中的科学依据与实际应用，说明通过歌曲记忆外语是一种高效且有趣的学习方式。 【详解】11．第二段明确指出“remembering words in a song is the best way to remember even the most difficult language”，即通过歌曲记忆单词是记住外语的最佳方式，答案为原文直接信息。 12．第三段提到“The findings may benefit those who have difficulty learning foreign languages”，说明Dr. Ludke认为有外语学习困难的人能从歌唱学习法中受益，直接提取即可。 13．第四段明确介绍“Hua Zhuying, a teacher at a Chinese language school in Washington D.C.”，可知她是一位中文教师，答案为原文直接信息。 14．第四段中Hua Zhuying原话为“Not only does it work, but it is fun for the kids”，即她认为用歌曲教学既有效又有趣，且不超过15词，直接提取。 15．全文围绕“歌曲、歌唱有助于外语学习”展开，从科学研究到教师实践均支持这一核心观点，最后一句“Our brain likes music, especially for remembering”也点明主旨，答案概括准确且不超过15词。 三、书面表达 16．在日常学习中，记忆力起着至关重要的作用。请根据提示写一篇短文，谈谈如何拥有好记忆力，让学习更高效。 1.重要性：好的记忆力能帮助我们更快掌握知识 2.具体做法：及时复习知识；保证充足睡眠、坚持运动；保持健康饮食 3.个人感悟与展望 提示词：review, enough sleep, exercise, healthy, efficient 要求： 1.词数 80–100； 2.包含全部要点，可适当发挥； 3.文中不得出现真实姓名、校名和地名。 How to Have a Good Memory ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 例文 How to Have a Good Memory It is clear that a good memory helps us learn knowledge quickly. Here are some useful ways to improve it. First, we should review our lessons regularly. It helps us remember things better and never forget them easily. Second, enough sleep and proper exercise can relax our brain and make our memory much better. What’s more, eating healthy food can keep our body and mind healthy. If we stick to these good habits, our memory will get better little by little. We will study more efficiently and make steady progress. 【详解】[写作步骤] [第一步：审题立意] 确定文体：说明文，用一般现在时为主 明确人称：第一人称(I/my) 确定要点：说明好记忆的重要性，介绍如何拥有好记忆 注意事项：词数 80–100；不得透露真实姓名和学校名称 [第二步：构思布局] 三段式结构： 开头段：点明主题，说明好记忆的重要性 主体段：介绍拥有好记忆的方法 结尾段：总结感受，表达期望 [第三步：要点展开] 要点一：好记忆的重要性 重要性：learn knowledge quickly/understand things better/master knowledge faster等 要点二：介绍拥有好记忆的方法 及时复习：review our lessons regularly/timely review/remember things better/never forget them easily/keep sth. in mind/remember things for a long time等 睡眠与运动：enough sleep and proper exercise/have a good rest/take proper exercise/relax our brain/make our memory much better/keep our brain active/make our brain work better等 健康饮食：eat healthy food/keep a healthy diet/keep our body and mind healthy/good for our mind等 要点三：个人感悟与展望 感悟与展望：stick to these good habits/study more efficiently and make steady progress/make great progress in study/improve our memory day by day/achieve better learning results等 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $八升九英语暑假衔接预习课(新教材人教版) 第四讲 Unit 4 Our Memory Part 01 内 容 汇 总 范围 内容 单元基础知识预习 重点单词、短语、重点语法、单元话题与写作 单元教材知识讲解 Section A部分语篇预习、Section A部分教材词句重难点解析 Section B部分语篇预习、Section B部分教材词句重难点解析 单元重点语法知识解析。 基础知识过关练 选择题、填空题、完成句子 能力拓展提升练 完形填空、阅读理解、书面表达 Part 02 基础知识预习 重点 单词(加粗的为课标要求重点单词) position n. 位置;地方 vt. 安置;使处于 sadness n. 悲伤 react v. 作出反应;回应 chain n. 链条 stable adj. 稳定的;稳固的 lecture n. 讲座;讲课 retell v. 复述 memorize v.记住;记忆 tick v. 给......打钩 n. 对号;钩号 grandson n. 孙子;外孙 case n. 情况;事实 opera n. 歌剧;歌剧团 ticket n. 入场券;票 wallet n. 钱包 picnic n. 野餐 pardon v. 原谅 interj. 请再说一遍;抱歉 airport n. 机场 gunshot n. 枪声;(射出的)炮弹 grown-up adj. 成年的 recall v. 回忆起;回想起 grapevine n.葡萄藤;葡萄树 boost v.促进;使增长 n.帮助;增长 short-term adj. 短期的 long-term adj. 长期的 technique n. 技巧 passage n. 段落;走廊 likely adj.可能的 discuss v.讨论;谈论;商量 image n. 图像;形象 graph n. 图;图表 view v. 看;观看 n. 观点;视野 effective adj. 有效的 engine n. 发动机 fuel n. 燃料 address n. 地址 password n. 密码;口令 account n. 账户;账目 increase n. 增长 v. 增加 wild adj. 野生的;自然生长的 blood n. 血 wound n. 伤口; 创伤 v. 使受伤 mall n. 购物商场 notebook n. 笔记本;笔记本电脑 squirrel n. 松鼠 nut n. 坚果 dolphin n. 海豚 recognize (recognise) v.辨认出;认可 outline n. 纲要 v. 概述 fully adv.完全地 divide v.(把......)分成 one-size-fits-all adj. 通用的 重点短语 memory problems 记忆问题 run out(of sth) 用完;耗尽 attend a lecture 听讲座 mix up 混淆;弄乱 put sth to good use 有效使用(或利用)某物 go through 经历;仔细察看 take one’s wallet 拿走某人的钱包 boost your memory 提升你的记忆力 short-term memory 短期记忆 long-term memory 长期记忆 organize your memories 整理你的记忆 happen to 发生于;使遭遇 keep (...) in mind 记在心中;记住 in sb's case 就某人的情况而言 to start with 首先 wear out 使疲乏;磨损 divide sth into 把某物分为 重点语法 疑问词引导的宾语从句 单元话题与写作 本单元的话题为“记忆力”。 本单元的写作任务主要围绕着“了解常用的提高记忆力的方法,并能够向别人介绍一些提高记忆力的方法”。 Part 03 教材 知 识 讲 解 一、Section A部分语篇预习: 语篇Section A 3a Chen Jie: Why do you look worried, Rick? Rick: Yesterday I visited my grandma, but she kept calling me Johnny. Chen Jie: Who's Johnny? Rick: My dad! Chen Jie: Oh, dear! Rick: And then she told me not to eat the cookies because she was saving them for her grandson. Chen Jie: Who's that? Rick: Me! Chen Jie: Well, that's not a good sign. Rick: No. My parents are taking her to hospital tomorrow. Chen Jie: Good. Follow what the doctor says. She may need special care. Rick: Yeah. I just feel so sad. I don't understand what she's going through. Chen Jie: Well, you know how some people's memory gets worse as they get older. It happened to my grandpa too. Rick: Oh, no. What happened? Chen Jie: We used to fly kites in the park. But now he forgets how to reach the park. So, I walk him there every weekend. Rick: That's sweet! Chen Jie: Thanks. Instead of what he forgets, I keep in mind what he remembers. In your case, your grandma still remembers that you love cookies! Rick: You're right! Thanks, Chen Jie! 翻译 陈洁:里克,你怎么看起来忧心忡忡? 里克:昨天我去看奶奶,她一直叫我约翰尼。 陈洁:约翰尼是谁? 里克:我爸爸! 陈洁:天哪! 里克:然后她还不让我吃饼干,说要留给她的孙子。 陈洁:她的孙子是谁?里克:就是我啊!陈洁:这可不是好迹象。 里克:是啊,我爸妈明天带她去医院。 陈洁:那就好,听医生的话,她可能需要特殊照料。 里克:嗯,我就是很难过,不明白她经历着什么。 陈洁:你知道的,有些人年纪大了记忆力会变差。我爷爷也这样。 里克:不会吧,发生什么了? 陈洁:我们以前常去公园放风筝,可现在他忘了去公园的路。所以我每个周末都陪他走过去。 里克:你真好! 陈洁:谢谢。我不去想他忘记了什么,而是记住他还记得的事。你奶奶还记得你爱吃饼干呢! 里克:你说得对!谢谢你,陈洁! 二、Section A部分教材词句重难点解析: 1. positions 位置 (1) position 【用法讲解】 ①position作可数名词,意为“位置;方位”。 例句:Can you show me the position of the city on the map? (你能在地图上给我指出这座城市的位置吗?) ②position作可数名词,还有“职位;职务”。 例句:His father takes an important position in the company. (他爸爸在公司里担任一个重要职位。) 【常见短语】 in position 在合适的位置 out of position 不在合适的位置 即讲即练 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. He took a _ (position) as a manager in that big company last month. 二、单项选择题 1. The map shows the _ of the supermarket. It's next to the post office. A. position B. direction C. instruction D. situation 2. Mum reminds Peter about buying sugar by saying, “It’s running out.” 妈妈提醒彼得买糖,说:“糖快没了。” (1)run out(of sth) 【用法讲解】 ①run out of sth意为“用完;耗尽某物”,主语通常是人,后接宾语。 例句:We ran out of water when we climbed the mountain. (我们爬山的时候把水用完了。) ②run out意为“用完;耗尽”,主语通常是物品,后面不接宾语。 例句:Our food will run out in two days. (我们的食物两天后就会耗尽。) 【易错点】 run out of后必须接宾语,主语是人;run out后不接宾语,主语是物,二者不可混用。 run是不规则动词,过去式为ran,过去分词为run。 即讲即练 一、单项选择题 1. —Mum, I'm hungry. Is there anything to eat? —Sorry, the food _. A. has run out of B. has run out C. was run out D. ran out of it 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. We _ (run) out of the milk yesterday, so I bought some this morning. 3. How did Fu Xing react when Billy said sorry to her? 当比利向她道歉时,傅星是如何反应的? (1)react 【用法讲解】 react作动词,意为“反应;回应”。 例句:How did your parents react to your exam result? (你父母对你的考试成绩作何反应?) 【词形变化】 reaction n. 反应;回应(由“react + 名词后缀-ion”构成。) 【常用结构】 ①react to sth. 对某事作出反应 例句:The little girl reacted quickly to the danger. (小女孩对危险反应很快。) 【易错点】 react是不及物动词,接宾语时必须加介词to,不能直接接名词。 即讲即练 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. How did the students _ (reaction) to the surprising news? 2. His first _ (react) was to call the police when he saw the accident. 二、单项选择题 1. We are all interested in how the little boy _ the sudden change. A. reacted for B. reacted to C. reacted with D. reacted on 4. Why do we get some words mixed up? 为什么我们会把一些单词弄混? (1)mix up 【用法讲解】 ①mix up意为“混淆;弄混”。 例句:I always mix up the two twin sisters. (我总是把这对双胞胎姐妹搞混。) ②mix up还有“混合;搅匀”的意思。 例句:Mix up the flour and eggs first. (先把面粉和鸡蛋搅匀。) 【易错点】 mix up属于“动词+副词”型短语,接代词作宾语时,代词必须放在mix和up中间。 即讲即练 一、完成句子 1. 我把盐和糖搞混了,这汤太咸了。 I _ _ salt _ sugar, and the soup is too salty. 二、单项选择题 1. The teacher asked us to _ the cards and then pick one. A. mix up B. mix with C. mix to D. mix in 5. How can we put our brains to good use? 我们如何才能充分利用我们的大脑? (1)put sth to good use 【用法讲解】 put sth to good use意为“好好利用某物;物尽其用”。 例句:We should put our pocket money to good use. (我们应该好好利用我们的零花钱。) 【常用结构】 ①put sth. to good use 好好利用某物 例句:She put her old books to good use by giving them away. (她把旧书捐赠出去,让它们物尽其用。) 即讲即练 一、完成句子 1. 你应该好好利用你的时间,不要整天玩游戏。 You should _ your time _ _ _ and not play games all day. 2. We should make full use of our pocket money.(改为同义句) We should _ our pocket money _ _ _. 6. to retell a story well. 把故事复述得很好。 (1)retell 【用法讲解】 retell作动词,意为“复述;重述”。 例句:Please retell the story in your own words after reading. (读完后请用自己的话复述这个故事。) 【词形变化】 由“前缀re-(再、重新)+ tell(讲述)”构成。 过去式、过去分词为retold,属于不规则变化。 【常用结构】 ①retell sth. 复述某事 例句:The teacher asked us to retell the text. (老师让我们复述课文。) 【易错点】 retell的过去式是retold,不是retelled,属于不规则变化,需要特殊记忆。 即讲即练 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. She _ (retell) the text to her mother after she finished reading. 二、单项选择题 1. —Can you _ the joke you heard just now? —Sure. It's very funny. A. retell B. remind C. record D. recycle 7. I don't understand what she's going through. 我不明白她正在经历什么。 (1)go through 【用法讲解】 ①go through意为“经历;经受”。 例句:She went through a hard time when she was ill. (她生病期间经历了一段艰难的日子。) ②go through还有“浏览;仔细查看”的意思。 例句:Please go through your paper before handing it in. (交卷前请仔细检查一遍。) 【易错点】 go through中的through是介词,接代词作宾语时,代词放在through后面,如go through it。 即讲即练 一、单项选择题 1. Before the exam, I like to _ my notes carefully. A. go over B. go through C. go out D. go on 二、完成句子 1. 那个国家正在经历巨大的变化。 That country is _ _ great changes. 8. It happened to my grandpa too. 我爷爷也经历过这样的事。 (1)happen to 【用法讲解】 ①happen to sb. 意为“某事发生在某人身上”,主语通常是事。 例句:What happened to you yesterday? You looked sad. (你昨天怎么了?你看起来很难过。) ②happen to do sth. 意为“碰巧做某事”,主语通常是人。 例句:I happened to meet my old friend in the street. (我碰巧在街上遇见了我的老朋友。) 【易错点】 happen是不及物动词,没有被动语态;happen to后接动词原形,不接动名词。 即讲即练 一、单项选择题 1. What _ your father yesterday? He looked so worried. A. happened to B. was happened to C. happened on D. was happening to 二、完成句子 1. 如果任何事发生在她身上,请立即告诉我。 If anything _ _ her, please tell me at once. 9. Instead of what he forgets, I keep in mind what he remembers. 我记住他记得的事情,而不是他忘记的事情。 (1)keep (...) in mind 【用法讲解】 keep(...)in mind意为“记住;牢记”。 例句:Please keep the traffic rules in mind when you go out. (出门时请牢记交通规则。) 【常用结构】 ①keep sth. in mind 牢记某事 例句:We should keep our parents' words in mind. (我们应该牢记父母的话。) 即讲即练 一、完成句子 1. 请牢记父母的话,他们是为了你好。 Please _ your parents' words _ _. They are good for you. 二、句型转换 1. We should always remember the safety rules.(改为同义句) We should always _ the safety rules _ _. 10. In your case, your grandma still remembers that you love cookies! 就你而言,你奶奶还记得你爱吃饼干!(1)case 【用法讲解】 ①case作可数名词,意为“情况;情形”。 例句:In this case, we have to ask the teacher for help. (在这种情况下,我们得向老师求助。) ②case作可数名词,还有“箱子;盒子”的意思。 例句:There is a pencil case on my desk. (我的书桌上有一个铅笔盒。) 【常见短语】 in case 以防;万一 in this case 既然这样;在这种情况下 in sb’s case就某人的情况而言;在某人的情况下 例句:In my case, I prefer to study English by listening. (就我而言,我更喜欢通过听来学英语。) 【易混短语辨析】in sb's case 与 in case ①in sb's case 意为“就某人的情况来说”,用于说明特定对象的状况。 例句:In Tom's case, he needs more time to finish the work. (就汤姆的情况来说,他需要更多时间完成工作。) ②in case 意为“以防;万一”,用于引导目的或条件。 例句:Take an umbrella with you in case it rains. (带把伞以防下雨。) 即讲即练 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. In most _ (case), the problem can be solved easily. 二、单项选择题 1. _, you can ask your teacher for help if you don't understand. A. In case B. In this case C. In your case D. In case of 2. Take your umbrella with you _ it rains. A. in this case B. in your case C. in case D. in case of 11. Why didn't you invite him to the picnic? 你为什么不邀请他去野餐呢? (1)picnic 【用法讲解】 ①picnic作可数名词,意为“野餐”。 例句:We will have a picnic in the park this Sunday. (这周日我们要去公园野餐。) ②picnic作动词,意为“去野餐”。 例句:They picnicked by the lake last weekend. (他们上周末在湖边野餐了。) 【常见短语】 go on a picnic 去野餐 have a picnic 举行野餐 即讲即练 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. We are going to have a _ (picnic) in the park this Sunday. 二、单项选择题 —What did you do yesterday? —We _ a picnic in the countryside. A. go on B. went on C. go to D. went to 12. Pardon me, where can I get a bus to the airport? 请问,我在哪里可以搭乘去机场的巴士? (1)pardon 【用法讲解】 ①pardon作动词/不可数名词,意为“原谅;宽恕”。 例句:Please pardon me for being late. (请原谅我迟到了。) ②pardon用于口语中,意为“请再说一遍”,用于没听清对方的话时。 例句:Pardon? Could you say it again slowly? (请再说一遍好吗?你能慢一点说吗?) 【常用结构】 ①beg one's pardon 请求某人原谅 例句:I beg your pardon for my mistake. (我为我的错误请求你的原谅。) 即讲即练 一、句型转换 1. Could you say it again? I didn't hear you clearly.(改为同义句) _? I didn't hear you clearly. 二、单项选择题 1. Please _ me for not writing to you earlier. A. pardon B. picnic C. position D. practice 13. I can't recall which notebook I wrote your email in. 我记不起是用哪本笔记本给你发的邮件了。 (1)recall 【用法讲解】 recall作动词,意为“回忆起;回想”。 例句:I can't recall his name right now. (我一时想不起他的名字了。) 【词形变化】 由“前缀re-(再、回)+ call(呼唤)”构成。 即讲即练 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. I can't _ (recall) where I put the keys. 二、单项选择题 1. —Do you _ the name of the movie? —Sorry, I forgot it. A. recall B. retell C. repeat D. report 三、Section B部分语篇预习: 语篇Section B, 1b How to Boost Your Memory Would you like to improve your memory?To start with,it is important to understand how memory works. There are two main kinds of memory:short-term memory and long-term memory.Short-term memory helps you remember things that you may only need for a short time,like phone numbers when you need to make a phone call.Long-term memory is the ability to remember things for days,years,or even a lifetime.So the real question is:How do you make sure what you learn enters your long-term memory?By using some clever memory techniques and leading a healthy life,you will see some great results.Let's take a look. First, pay attention. However, you might fail to remember all the details. So, try taking notes and writing down key points. After all, it is easier to remember a summary than every word in a passage. Second, use it or lose it. The more you review what you learn, the more likely you will remember it. However, you should not wear out your brain. Try studying for 40 minutes, and then take a break. You can also review information by discussing it with others or by teaching others. A third way is to make use of senses. Create images by using tables, graphs, and mind maps to organize information. You can also create a story with information and view it in your mind like a film. In addition, make use of your other senses. For example, listening to recorded information can be very effective. Last but not least, boost your memory by staying healthy. Sleep well. While you sleep, your brain organizes your memories. Bad sleep makes it harder for new information to enter your long-term memory. Eat well. Your brain needs food like an engine needs fuel. Healthy food and drink will help your brain work much better. Exercise. A healthy and active body boosts both your memory and your mind. Many more memory techniques can be found in books or online. Try some different methods to see which ones work best for you. You are sure to improve your memory! 翻译 如何提升记忆力 你想提高记忆力吗?首先,了解记忆的运作原理很重要。 记忆主要分为两种:短时记忆和长时记忆。短时记忆帮你记住短期内需要的信息,比如打电话时的号码。长时记忆是能记住几天、几年甚至一辈子的能力。所以真正的问题是:如何让所学内容进入长时记忆?运用巧妙的记忆方法,保持健康生活,就能收获显著效果。一起来看看。 第一,集中注意力。但你可能记不住所有细节,所以试着记笔记,写下要点。毕竟,记住概要比逐字背诵文章更容易。 第二,用则进,废则退。复习得越多,记得越牢。但不要过度用脑,学习40分钟就休息一下。你也可以和他人讨论、给他人讲解来复习知识。 第三,善用感官。用表格、图表、思维导图整理信息,构建画面。也可以把信息编成故事,像电影一样在脑海中回放。此外,利用其他感官,比如听录音就很有效。 最后同样重要的是,保持健康以提升记忆力。 睡好觉。睡眠时大脑会整理记忆,睡眠不好会让新信息更难进入长时记忆。 吃好饭。大脑需要营养,就像引擎需要燃料。健康的饮食能让大脑运转得更好。 多运动。健康活力的身体能同时提升记忆力和思维能力。 书籍和网络上还有更多记忆技巧。尝试不同方法,找到最适合自己的,你的记忆力一定会提高! 语篇Section B, 3a Friday,20 November In the past,I always felt stressed when I had to give a speech. I used to spend lots of time trying to memorize my speech, but I still forgot some parts. Last week, I decided to find out what the right way is to memorize a speech.I looked online and asked friends, and I found many useful methods. I learnt how to create a speech outline. Instead of trying to remember every word of my speech, I remembered the key words first. Then I formed images of these key words in my mind, and linked them in order. Another method is to divide the speech into short sections. I practised the first section until I could fully recall it. Then I moved on to the next. This helped me to find out which parts of the speech I needed to work on the most. Finally,a friend told me that I should have confidence in myself.Nobody knows my speech except me. If I do forget some words,I shouldn't panic. Just remember the key words and continue! I followed all these great methods and my speech today was a great success! 翻译 11月20日星期五 以前,我一要演讲就紧张。我总花大量时间背演讲稿,却还是会忘词。上周,我决定找到背演讲稿的正确方法。我上网查资料、请教朋友,找到了很多实用技巧。 我学会了列演讲提纲。不再逐字背诵,而是先记关键词,再在脑海中把关键词变成画面,按顺序串联起来。 另一个方法是把演讲稿分成小段。先练第一段,直到完全记住,再练下一段。这能帮我找到最需要下功夫的部分。 最后,朋友告诉我要自信。除了我没人更熟悉我的演讲稿。就算忘词也别慌,记住关键词继续讲就好! 我用了这些好方法,今天的演讲非常成功! 四、Section B部分教材词句重难点解析: 1. To start with, it is important to understand how memory works. 首先,了解记忆是如何运作的非常重要。 (1)to start with 【用法讲解】 to start with是固定短语,意为“首先;起初;一开始”,用于引出第一件事或最初的情况。 例句:To start with, we need to make a clear plan. (首先,我们需要制定一个清晰的计划。) 【易混短语辨析】to start with 与 at first ①to start with 意为“首先”,多用于列举要点、引出第一步,相当于first of all。 例句:To start with, let's review the new words. (首先,我们来复习生词。) ②at first 意为“起初;一开始”,多用于描述最初的状态,常和后来的变化对比。 例句:At first, I didn't like English, but now I do. (起初我不喜欢英语,但现在喜欢了。) 即讲即练 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. _ (start) with, let me introduce myself to you. 二、单项选择题 1. _, we need to collect enough information. A. At first B. To start with C. In case D. At once 2. _ I didn't like the job, but now I enjoy it very much. A. To start with B. At first C. At last D. In the end 2. The more you review what you learn, the more likely you will remember it. 你复习所学内容的次数越多,记住它的可能性就越大。 (1)likely 【用法讲解】 ①likely作形容词,意为“可能的;有希望的”。 例句:It is likely to rain this afternoon, so take an umbrella. (今天下午可能会下雨,带上伞吧。) ②likely作副词,意为“很可能;大概”。 例句:They will very likely come to our party this weekend. (他们这周末很可能来参加我们的派对。) 【词形变化】 unlikely adj. 不太可能的(由“likely + 否定前缀un-”构成。) 【常用结构】 ①be likely to do sth. 很可能做某事 例句:He is likely to win the 100-meter race. (他很可能赢得百米赛跑。) ②It is likely that... 很可能…… 例句:It is likely that we will have a spring trip next month. (我们下个月很可能去春游。) 【易错点】 likely的比较级和最高级为more likely、most likely,不可直接加er/est。 即讲即练 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. It is _ (like) that he will win the game. 二、单项选择题 1. _ he will be late for the meeting. A. It is likely that B. That is likely C. It is likely to D. He is likely 3. However, you should not wear out your brain. 然而,你不应该过度使用你的大脑。 (1)wear out 【用法讲解】 ①wear out意为“磨损;穿破”,指衣物、物品因长期使用而损坏。 例句:My sports shoes are worn out after the long running. (跑了很长的路,我的运动鞋磨破了。) ②wear out还有“使疲惫;使筋疲力尽”的意思,形容人消耗完精力。 例句:Long hours of homework wore the little boy out. (长时间写作业让小男孩筋疲力尽。) 【易错点】 wear out属于“动词+副词”型短语,接代词作宾语时,代词必须放在wear和out中间,如wear them out; wear是不规则动词,过去式为wore,过去分词为worn。 即讲即练 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. My old shoes are _ (wear) out. I need a new pair. 二、单项选择题 1. —I'm so tired after the whole day's work. —Me too. The work really _ us _. A. wore; out B. wore; up C. worn; out D. worn; up 4. In this unit, you will discuss memory problems using object clauses. 在本单元中,你将使用关系从句来讨论记忆问题。 (1)discuss 【用法讲解】 discuss作动词,意为“讨论;商量”。 例句:We will discuss our class trip plan after class. (我们课后会讨论班级旅行计划。) 【词形变化】 discussion n. 讨论;议论(由“discuss + 名词后缀-ion”构成。) 【常用结构】 ①discuss sth. with sb. 和某人讨论某事 例句:You can discuss this math problem with your deskmate. (你可以和同桌讨论这道数学题。) 即讲即练 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. We had a heated _ (discuss) about the plan yesterday. 二、单项选择题 1. We need to _ the problem with the whole team. A. discuss B. discussion C. discussed D. discussing 5. You can also create a story with information and view it in your mind like a film. 你也可以用信息构建一个故事,并在脑海中像看电影一样观看它。 (1)view 【用法讲解】 ①view作可数名词,意为“观点;看法”。 例句:Different people have different views on this matter. (不同的人对这件事有不同的看法。) ②view作可数名词,还有“风景;景色”的意思,指人眼看到的自然风光。 例句:We can get a wonderful view of the lake from the hill top. (从山顶我们能看到绝美的湖景。) ③view作动词,意为“看待;观看”。 例句:We should view the difficulty in a positive way. (我们应该用积极的心态看待困难。) 【常用结构】 ①in one's view 在某人看来 例句:In my view, reading is a good way to relax. (在我看来,阅读是一种很好的放松方式。) 【常见短语】 point of view 观点 即讲即练 一、单项选择题 1. From the top of the tower, you can get a wonderful _ of the whole city. A. view B. idea C. thought D. position 2. In my _, we should take action right now. A. view B. idea C. thought D. way 二、完成句子 1. 不同的人对这个问题有不同的看法。 Different people have different _ _ this problem. 6. For example, listening to recorded information can be very effective. 例如,听取录音信息可能非常有效。 (1)effective 【用法讲解】 effective作形容词,意为“有效的;起作用的”。 例句:This is an effective way to remember English words. (这是一个记英语单词的有效方法。) 【词形变化】 effect n. 效果;影响(词根) effectively adv. 有效地(由“effective + 副词后缀-ly”构成。) 【易混词辨析】effective 与 efficient ①effective 形容词,意为“有效的”,侧重有效果、能实现预期目标。 例句:This kind of medicine is very effective for colds. (这种药治感冒很有效。) ②efficient 形容词,意为“高效的”,侧重效率高、省时省力。 例句:She is an efficient student and finishes homework fast. (她是个高效的学生,完成作业很快。) 【常见短语】 effective method 有效方法 take effective measures 采取有效措施 即讲即练 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. The new method works _ (effective) in saving water. 二、单项选择题 1. This is a very _ way to learn new words. A. efficient B. effective C. effect D. effectively 7. You need to remember the password to your online bank account. 你需要记住你的网上银行账户密码。 (1)account 【用法讲解】 ①account作可数名词,意为“账户;账号”。 例句:You can open a bank account with your ID card. (你可以用身份证开一个银行账户。) ②account作可数名词,还有“描述;理由”的意思。 例句:He gave us a true account of what happened. (他给我们如实描述了发生的事情。) ③account作动词,意为“解释;占(比例)”。 例句:Girls account for half of the students in our class. (女生占我们班学生总数的一半。) 【常用结构】 ①account for 解释;占(比例) 例句:Can you account for your being late this morning? (你能解释一下今早迟到的原因吗?) 【常见短语】 user account 用户账户 bank account 银行账户 即讲即练 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. You need to open a bank _ (account) if you want to save money. 二、单项选择题 1. Can you _ for your absence from school yesterday? A. account B. count C. recount D. discount 8. The customer reacted badly to the price increase. 顾客对价格上涨反应不佳。 (1)increase 【用法讲解】 ①increase作动词,意为“增加;增长”,指数量、程度变得更大。 例句:The number of wild birds in our city increases every year. (我们城市的野生鸟类数量每年都在增加。) ②increase作名词,意为“增加;增长”。 例句:There is a great increase in people's daily income. (人们的日常收入有了大幅增长。) 【词形变化】 increasing adj. 不断增长的(由“increase + 形容词后缀-ing”构成。) 【常用结构】 ①increase by 增长了(幅度) 例句:The price of the pen increased by 2 yuan. (这支钢笔的价格涨了两元。) ②increase to 增长到(具体数值) 例句:The number of classes increased to 30 this term. (这学期班级数量增长到了三十个。) 即讲即练 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. The population of this city _ (increase) by 5% last year. 二、单项选择题 1. The price of houses in this area _ 20% this year. A. has increased by B. has increased to C. increased to D. increase by 9. The man has lost a lot of blood. 这个人失血过多。 (1)blood 【用法讲解】 blood作不可数名词,意为“血;血液”。 例句:There is some blood on his arm. (他的胳膊上有一些血。) 【词形变化】 bleed v. 流血;出血(对应动词形式) bloody adj. 血腥的;流血的(由“blood + 形容词后缀-y”构成。) 【常见短语】 blood type 血型 fresh blood 新鲜血液 【易错点】 blood是不可数名词,没有复数形式;注意区分名词blood和动词bleed的拼写。 即讲即练 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. His _ (bleed) finger needs cleaning. 二、单项选择题 1. He lost a lot of _ in the car accident. A. blood B. bleed C. bloody D. bleeding 10. He is likely to die of wounds if not treated at once. 如果不立即治疗,他可能会因伤势过重而死亡。 (1)wound 【用法讲解】 ①wound作可数名词,意为“伤口;创伤”。 例句:The soldier had a serious wound in the leg. (这名士兵腿上有一处重伤。) ②wound作动词,意为“使受伤;伤害”。 例句:He was wounded in the traffic accident. (他在交通事故中受了伤。) 【词形变化】 wounded adj. 受伤的(由“wound + 形容词后缀-ed”构成。) 【易混词辨析】wound、hurt 与 injure ①wound 动词/名词,意为“(使)受伤;伤口”,多指利器、外力造成的明显外伤,也可指精神伤害。 例句:The knife wounded his left hand. (刀子割伤了他的左手。) ②hurt 动词/形容词,意为“(使)疼痛;受伤的”,可指肉体或精神上的伤害,程度可轻可重。 例句:My right leg hurts badly. (我右腿疼得厉害。) ③injure 动词,意为“伤害;损害”,多指意外事故造成的身体伤害。 例句:Five people were injured in the car accident. (五人在这场车祸中受伤。) 即讲即练 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. The _ (wound) soldier was sent to the hospital immediately. 二、单项选择题 1. In the war, many soldiers were _. A. hurt B. injured C. wounded D. damaged 11. They can recognize voices of other dolphins-even when they have not met each other for a long time. 它们能认出其他海豚的声音,即使它们已经很久没见面了。 (1)recognize 【用法讲解】 recognize作动词,意为“认出;识别;承认”。 例句:I didn't recognize him at first because he wore a pair of sunglasses. (我一开始没认出他,因为他戴了一副墨镜。) 【词形变化】 recognition n. 认出;承认(由“recognize + 名词后缀-tion”构成。) 【常用结构】 ①recognize sb./sth. 认出某人/某物 例句:She can recognize her mother's footsteps easily. (她能轻易听出妈妈的脚步声。) 【易错点】 recognize是美式拼写,英式拼写为recognise,初中阶段两种拼写均认可; recognize是短暂性动词,不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。 即讲即练 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. There is a growing _ (recognize) that this problem is serious. 2. I _ (recognize) him as soon as he came in. 二、单项选择题 1. I can _ my mother's voice on the phone easily. A. recognize B. realize C. recall D. remember 12. I practised the first section until I could fully recall it. 我反复练习了第一部分,直到能够完全背诵下来。 (1)fully 【用法讲解】 fully作副词,意为“完全地;充分地”,强调程度。 例句:You should fully understand the meaning of the text. (你应该充分理解课文的含义。) 【词形变化】 full adj. 满的;完全的(fully去掉副词后缀-ly) 【易混词辨析】fully 与 completely ①fully 副词,意为“充分地;完全地”,侧重程度上的充足、全面。 例句:We are fully prepared for the coming exam. (我们为即将到来的考试做好了充分准备。) ②completely 副词,意为“完全地;彻底地”,侧重整体上全部、无一例外。 例句:The difficult work is completely finished. (这项困难的工作彻底完成了。) 【常见短语】 fully understand 充分理解 fully agree 完全同意 即讲即练 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. I _ (full) agree with your opinion. 二、单项选择题 1. I don't _ understand what you said. Could you repeat it? A. full B. fully C. complete D. completely 13. Another method is to divide the speech into short sections. 另一种方法是将演讲划分为若干短片段。 (1)divide 【用法讲解】 divide作动词,意为“分开;划分;除”。 例句:The teacher divided the whole class into four small groups. (老师把全班分成了四个小组。) Ten divided by two is five. (十除以二等于五。) 【词形变化】 division n. 分开;除法(由“divide + 名词后缀-sion”构成。) 【常用结构】 ①divide...into... 把……分成…… divide...into... 意为“把某物分成……”,后接数量词,表示将整体划分为多个部分。 例句:She divided the big watermelon into six pieces. (她把大西瓜分成了六块。) Divide the big cake into eight pieces. (把大蛋糕分成八块。) 【易混词辨析】divide 与 separate ①divide 动词,意为“分开”,侧重把一个整体分成若干部分,常和介词into搭配。 例句:We divide the apple into two halves. (我们把苹果分成两半。) ②separate 动词,意为“分离;分开”,侧重把原本混在一起的事物分隔开,常和介词from搭配。 例句:Please separate the good apples from the bad ones. (请把好苹果和坏苹果分开。) 即讲即练 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. The cake was _ (divide) into eight pieces by the girl. 二、单项选择题 1. Please _ the apple into four parts. A. divide B. separate C. cut D. split 2. We need to _ the good books from the bad ones. A. divide B. separate C. part D. leave 五、单元重点语法知识解析: 疑问词引导的宾语从句 一、常用的引导宾语从句的疑问词。 宾语从句除可以用that、if、whether引导外,还可以用疑问词进行引导。当宾语从句不是陈述一件事,而是表达一个问题时,宾语从句用疑问词引导。 例:I know where he lives. 我知道他住哪。(宾语从句表达的意思为“他住哪”,这是一个问题,用疑问词引导) I don't know what he does every day. 我不知道他每天做什么。(宾语从句表达的意思为“他每天做什么”,这是一个问题,用疑问词引导) 所有引导宾语从句的疑问词均保留原本的疑问含义,具体如下: 疑问词 问什么 例句 what 事物/什么 Tell me what you want.(告诉我你想要什么。) who 人(主) I know who will come.(我知道谁来。) whom 人(宾,书) I know whom he invited.(我知道他邀请了谁。) whose 所属 Ask him whose pen this is.(问他这是谁的笔。) which 哪一个 I don't know which one to choose.(我不知道选哪个。) when 时间 She asked when the train leaves.(她问火车几点开。) where 地点 He told me where the shop was.(他告诉我店在哪。) why 原因 I wonder why he is sad.(我想知道他为何难过。) how 方式/程度 Show me how you do it.(给我看你怎么做。) how long 多久(问时间段)、多长(问长度) Please tell me how long you have been here.(请告诉我你在这里待了多久。) how soon 多久以后(问将来时间) I want to know how soon he will come back.(我想知道他还要多久回来。) how often 多久一次(问频率) I want to know how often he exercises.(我想知道他多久锻炼一次。) how far 多远(问距离) Could you tell me how far it is from your home to school?(能告诉我你家到学校多远吗? how many 多少(问数量) I want to know how many books you have read.(我想知道你读了多少本书。) how much 多少(问数量、价格) I want to know how much these shoes are.(我想知道这鞋多少钱。) I wonder how much water is left.(我想知道还剩多少水。) 注意:(1)引导宾语从句的疑问词不仅有相应的含义,而且在从句中一般都充当相应的成分,全都不能省略。(注意和that、if、whether引导的从句的区别) Can you tell me who will win the game?你能告诉我谁会赢得比赛吗?(宾语从句引导词who在从句中作主语,不能省略) Could you tell me when the train will arrive?你能告诉我火车什么时候到吗?(宾语从句引导词when在从句中作时间状语,不能省略) (2)who与whom区分:who作从句主语,whom作从句宾语,口语和中考题中常用who替代whom。 I know who he invited. 我知道他邀请了谁。(口语 ) I know whom he invited. 我知道他邀请了谁。(书面) 二、注意事项: 1. 宾语从句的语序。 疑问词引导的宾语从句在意思上表达的是一个问句,但语序上要用陈述句语序,而不用特殊疑问句的语序。 I don't know what is he doing.(错误) I don't know what he is doing.我不知道他在做什么。(正确) Can you tell me where do you live?(错误) Can you tell me where you live?(正确) 2. 从句时态与主句时态呼应(和that/if/whether宾语从句一致) (1)主句用一般现在时,从句时态随实际情况变,不受限制(现在/将来/完成均可)。 I know where he lives. 我知道他住在哪里。(主现,从现) I know where he lived last year. 我知道他去年住在哪里。(主现,从过) I know where he will live. 我知道他会住在哪里。(主现,从将) (2)主句用一般过去时,从句用相应过去时态(一般过去时/过去将来时/过去完成时) He said that he was busy. 他说他忙。 I knew where he had gone. 我当时知道他去哪了。 (3)从句为客观真理/事实,无论主句时态,从句一律用一般现在时。 例句:The teacher asked us how the earth goes around the sun. 老师问我们地球是如何围绕太阳运转的。(客观真理,用一般现在时) 三、宾语从句的简化。 当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语一致,且从句是疑问词(what/where/when/how/which)引导的宾语从句时,可将宾语从句简化为“疑问词 + 不定式”结构。 I don't know what I should do.= I don't know what to do. 我不知道应该做什么。 He asked me where he could find it.= He asked me where to find it. 他问我哪里能找到它。 I can't decide which I should choose.= I can't decide which to choose. 我无法决定应该选择哪一个。 即讲即练 一、单项选择题 1. —Could you tell me _? —At 8:00 tomorrow morning. A. when will the meeting start B. when the meeting will start C. what time will the meeting start D. what time the meeting start 2. I don't know _. A. what is his name B. what his name is C. his name is what D. what was his name 二、完成句子 1. Where does he live? Can you tell me?(改为宾语从句) Can you tell me _? 2. What time will the train leave? I wonder.(改为宾语从句) I wonder _. 3. I don't know what I should do next.(改为简单句) I don't know _ next. Part 04 知 识 过 关 练 一、单项选择题 1. The map shows the _ of the school. It's over there. A. position B. direction C. instruction D. description 2. We _ milk, so I have to go to the supermarket. A. have run out of B. have run out C. run out D. ran out of it 3. How did your parents _ your decision? A. react to B. reaction to C. react for D. reaction for 4. The twins are so similar that I often _ their names. A. mix up B. put up C. give up D. take up 5. We should _ our spare time _ to help others. A. put; to good use B. put; to good used C. take; to good use D. make; to good use 6. The teacher asked us _ the story after reading it. A. retell B. to retell C. retelling D. retold 7. She _ a lot of difficulties when she was young. A. went over B. went through C. went out D. went on 8. _, I didn't like pop music, but now I love it. A. To start with B. At first C. At last D. In the end 9. This method is very _ in improving our English. A. efficient B. effective C. effect D. effectively 10. The price of houses _ 10% last year. A. increased by B. increased to C. has increased by D. has increased to 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 11. The children were all in _ (they) positions when the bell rang. 12. Our food will _ (run) out soon. Let's buy some. 13. Her first _ (react) to the bad news was crying. 14. Please don't _ (mix) up the two kinds of salt. 15. He _ (retell) the story to his little sister yesterday. 16. She is _ (go) through a hard time now. 17. I _ (happen) to see him in the street yesterday. 18. Please _ (keep) these rules in mind. 19. Take an umbrella with you _ (以防) it rains. 20. We _ (picnic) by the lake last Sunday. 21. I can't _ (recall) where I put my keys. 22. It is _ (likely) to snow tomorrow. 23. My shoes are _ (wear) out. I need new ones. 24. The new method is very _ (effect). 25. The cake was _ (divide) into six pieces. 三、完成句子 26. 你能在地图上指出这座城市的位置吗? Can you _ me the _ of the city on the map? 27. 我们的水用完了。 We have _ _ _ water. 28. 你对他的建议作何反应? How did you _ _ his advice? 29. 我总是把这两个单词弄混。 I always _ _ these two words. 30. 我们应该好好利用我们的时间。 We should _ our time _ _ _. 31. 请用自己的话复述这个故事。 Please _ the story in your own words. 32. 她正在经历一个困难的时期。 She is _ _ a difficult period. 33. 就我而言,我喜欢独自旅行。 _ _ _, I like travelling alone. 34. 首先,让我们复习一下生词。 _ _ _, let's review the new words. 35. 计划失败的部分原因是天气不好。 The plan failed _ _ because of bad weather. Part 05 能 力 提 升 练 一、短文填空 We know that people’s memory 1 (get) worse as they grow older. So we need some good ways 2 (improve) our memory. First, it is easier to remember a summary 3 every single word in a passage. Second, review what you learn often. 4 more you review, the better you will remember things. Many memory skills can be found 5 books or online. When you learn new words, don’t panic 6 you forget them sometimes. I 7 (use) to forget words quickly, but now I can keep them in mind well. Listening to recordings is also 8 useful way. It helps a lot. In 9 (I) case, these methods have brought me great changes. I believe everyone can become good at 10 (remember) things with proper skills. 二、任务型阅读。 How can you remember a song from your childhood to this day? Why do your teachers use songs to teach you English? It seems there is a scientific reason for this. Researchers are now studying the relationship between music and remembering a foreign langua