内容正文:
Unit 4 Heroes — 暑假预习讲义
01 课前导学
关键词
内容
学习目标
1. 能够正确使用 who 引导的定语从句描述人物。
2. 能够读懂“英雄”主题的叙事文本,理解英雄品质的内涵。
3. 能够运用所学词汇和句型描述自己心目中的英雄。
4. 能够理解赵一曼等英雄人物的故事,感悟英雄精神。
学习重点
1. who 引导的定语从句(先行词指人,who在从句中作主语/宾语)。
2. 本单元核心词汇与短语。
3. 描述人物品质和事迹的表达方式。
学习难点
1. who 在定语从句中作主语与作宾语的区别。
2. who 与 whom 的用法区分。
3. 用定语从句准确描述人物特征。
02 核心词汇
1. hero n. 英雄(复数:heroes)
2. heroic adj. 英雄的,英勇的
3. fearless adj. 无畏的,勇敢的
4. bravely adv. 勇敢地
5. soldier n. 士兵,军人
6. fighter n. 战士,奋斗者
7. battle n. 战役,战斗
8. selfless adj. 无私的
9. loyal adj. 忠诚的
10. war n. 战争
11. peace n. 和平
12. respect n. 尊敬,敬意
13. footstep n. 足迹,脚步
14. memory n. 记忆,怀念
15. courage n. 勇气
16. spirit n. 精神
17. dreamer n. 梦想家
18. president n. 总统,校长
19. republic n. 共和国
20. gentle adj. 温和的,温柔的
03 核心短语
1. according to 根据,按照
2. think of 想到,考虑
3. follow one’s footsteps 追随某人的足迹
4. give up 放弃
5. die for 为……献身
6. never give up 永不放弃
7. with great respect 怀着极大的敬意
8. remember sb with respect 怀着敬意缅怀某人
9. fight for 为……而战
10. dream of 梦想
11. leave...behind 把……抛在后面
12. think about 考虑
13. ask questions about 询问关于……的问题
14. get to know 逐渐了解
15. as a little girl 当还是个小女孩时
04 重点句型
1. As a little girl, I was often told “Your grandmother Zhao Yiman was a hero”.
小时候,总有人告诉我“你的外祖母赵一曼是位英雄”。
2. According to my great-aunt, Grandma was someone who never gave up.
据姑婆说,外祖母是个永不放弃的人。
3. She was also a person who always thought of others first.
她也是个凡事总先为别人着想的人。
4. Grandma was a fearless soldier who bravely died for China.
外祖母是一位无畏的战士,为了中国英勇牺牲。
5. I followed her footsteps across China.
我循着她的足迹走遍了中国。
6. Even now, people in northeast China remember her with great respect.
即便如今,中国东北地区的人们仍怀着无比崇敬的心情缅怀她。
7. The young man who invented the new app won the innovation award.
发明这款新应用的年轻人获得了创新奖。
8. Is there anyone who can help me with this math problem?
有人能帮我解决这道数学题吗?
05 语法精讲与考点梳理
考点1:定语从句的基本概念
【定义】定语从句是用来修饰名词或代词的句子,放在被修饰的名词或代词后面。被修饰的词叫先行词,连接先行词和定语从句的词叫关系词。
【结构公式】先行词(人/物)+ 关系词 + 定语从句
【基本结构】先行词(被修饰的名词/代词)+ 关系词(who/that/which等)+ 从句
【要点详解】
先行词指人时,关系词用 who(作主语/宾语)或 whom(作宾语)。
先行词指物时,关系词用 which 或 that。
关系词在从句中充当一定的句子成分(主语、宾语等)。
【例句】
He’s the boy who won the photo competition last year!
Grandma was someone who never gave up.
She was a person who always thought of others first.
考点2:who 引导的定语从句(作主语)
【定义】当定语从句中缺少主语,且先行词指人时,用 who 引导定语从句。who 在从句中作主语,不能省略。
【结构公式】先行词(指人)+ who + 谓语 + 其他
【要点详解】who 在定语从句中作主语,代替先行词。
作主语时,who 不能省略。
从句的谓语动词要与先行词的单复数保持一致。
【例句】
The girl who is standing at the door is my best friend.
Grandma was a fearless soldier who bravely died for China.
The young man who invented the new app won the innovation award.
【练习1】The girl ______ is standing at the door is my best friend.
A. which B. whom C. who D. whose
【答案】 C
【详解】 句意:站在门口的那个女孩是我最好的朋友。本空考查who引导定语从句作主语。先行词 the girl 指人,从句中缺少主语,用 who。故选 C。
考点3:who 引导的定语从句(作宾语)
【定义】当定语从句中缺少宾语,且先行词指人时,可以用 who 或 whom 引导定语从句。who 在从句中作宾语时可以省略。
【结构公式】先行词(指人)+ who/whom + 主语 + 谓语
【要点详解】
who/whom 在定语从句中作宾语。
作宾语时,who/whom 可以省略。
正式文体中,作宾语时常用 whom;口语中常用 who。
【例句】
I met the boy who you talked about yesterday.
The man whom my father is talking to is our new neighbor.
The doctor who my mother visited last week is very famous.
【练习1】I met the boy ______ you talked about yesterday.
A. which B. who C. whom D. whose
【答案】 C
【详解】 句意:我昨天遇到了你谈论的那个男孩。本空考查who/whom引导定语从句作宾语。先行词 the boy 指人,从句中 talked about 后缺少宾语,用 whom(或 who)。故选 C。
考点4:who 与 whom 的用法区别
【定义】who 和 whom 都指人,但用法不同。who 可作主语或宾语,whom 只能作宾语。
【结构对比】
关系词
用法
例句
who
作主语或宾语
The boy who helped me is kind.(作主语)
whom
只能作宾语
The boy whom I met is my friend.(作宾语)
【要点详解】
who 在从句中作主语时不可省略。
who/whom 在从句中作宾语时可以省略。
在口语中,whom 常被 who 代替。
【练习1】Is this the teacher ______ helped you with your English last term?
A. whom B. who C. which D. what
【答案】 B
【详解】 句意:这就是上学期帮你学英语的老师吗?本空考查who引导定语从句。先行词 the teacher 指人,从句中缺少主语,用 who。故选 B。
考点5:核心词汇精讲
1. hero /ˈhɪərəʊ/ n. 英雄
【用法】复数形式为 heroes(以 o 结尾+es)。
【例句】
Your grandmother Zhao Yiman was a hero.
Many heroes sacrificed their lives for the country.
2. fearless /ˈfɪələs/ adj. 无畏的
【用法】fear(恐惧)+ -less(否定后缀)= fearless(无畏的)。
【例句】
Grandma was a fearless soldier.
The fearless firefighter rushed into the burning building.
3. bravely /ˈbreɪvli/ adv. 勇敢地
【用法】brave(勇敢的)+ -ly(副词后缀)= bravely。
【例句】
She bravely died for China.
They fought bravely against the enemies.
4. according to /əˈkɔːdɪŋ tuː/ 根据
【用法】后接名词或代词,表示“根据……所说”。
【例句】
According to my great-aunt, Grandma was someone who never gave up.
According to the survey, most students like after-school activities.
5. follow one’s footsteps /ˈfɒləʊ wʌnz ˈfʊtsteps/ 追随某人的足迹
【用法】footstep 的复数形式为 footsteps。
【例句】
I followed her footsteps across China.
She decided to follow her grandmother’s footsteps.
6. give up /ɡɪv ʌp/ 放弃
【用法】后接名词或动名词:give up doing sth.
【例句】
Grandma was someone who never gave up.
No matter how difficult the task is, we should never give up trying.
7. die for /daɪ fɔː/ 为……献身
【用法】die 的过去式 died,现在分词 dying;death(名词),dead(形容词)。
【例句】
Grandma was a fearless soldier who bravely died for China.
Many revolutionary martyrs died for the peace and freedom of the nation.
06 重点归纳
一、who 引导的定语从句用法表
成分
关系词
能否省略
例句
主语
who
不能省略
The boy who helps me is kind.
宾语
who/whom
可以省略
The boy (who/whom) I met is kind.
二、本单元核心短语总结
短语
中文
according to
根据
think of
想到
follow one’s footsteps
追随足迹
give up
放弃
die for
为……献身
never give up
永不放弃
with great respect
怀着敬意
fight for
为……而战
get to know
逐渐了解
三、易错点
易错点
正确
错误
who作主语不能省略
The girl who helps me is kind.
The girl helps me is kind.
who与whom作宾语
The boy whom I met...
The boy whom he met him...
hero复数
heroes
heros
according to后接名词
according to my aunt
according to my aunt said
07 过关检测
一、单项选择(共10题)
1. The girl ______ is standing at the door is my best friend.
A. which B. whom C. who D. whose
2. I met the boy ______ you talked about yesterday.
A. which B. who C. whom D. whose
3. Grandma was someone ______ never gave up.
A. which B. whom C. who D. whose
4. Is this the teacher ______ helped you with your English last term?
A. whom B. who C. which D. what
5. The man ______ my father is talking to is our new neighbor.
A. who B. whom C. which D. what
6. She was a person ______ always thought of others first.
A. which B. whom C. who D. whose
7. According ______ my great-aunt, Grandma was a hero.
A. for B. in C. to D. with
8. She was a fearless soldier who ______ died for China.
A. brave B. bravely C. bravery D. braver
9. I ______ her footsteps across China.
A. took B. made C. followed D. kept
10. People remember her ______ great respect.
A. in B. at C. with D. on
二、用所给词的适当形式填空(共8题)
1. The girl ______ (who/whom) is standing at the door is my best friend.
2. The boy ______ (who/whom) you met yesterday is my brother.
3. Grandma was someone who never ______ (give) up.
4. She ______ (brave) died for China.
5. According to my aunt, she was a ______ (fear) soldier.
6. I followed her ______ (footstep) across China.
7. She always ______ (think) of others first.
8. People remember her with great ______ (respectful).
三、完成句子(共6题)
1. 站在门口的那个女孩是我最好的朋友。
The girl ______ is standing at the door is my best friend.
2. 外祖母是个永不放弃的人。
Grandma was someone ______ never ______ up.
3. 她是一个总是先为别人着想的人。
She was a person ______ always ______ of others first.
4. 我循着她的足迹走遍了中国。
I ______ her ______ across China.
5. 人们怀着极大的敬意缅怀她。
People remember her ______ great ______.
6. 根据姑婆的说法,外祖母是位英雄。
______ ______ my great-aunt, Grandma was a hero.
参考答案
一、单项选择
1. C【详解】先行词 the girl 指人,从句中缺少主语,用 who。故选 C。
2. C【详解】先行词 the boy 指人,从句中 talked about 后缺少宾语,用 whom。故选 C。
3. C【详解】先行词 someone 指人,从句中缺少主语,用 who。故选 C。
4. B【详解】先行词 the teacher 指人,从句中缺少主语,用 who。故选 B。
5. B【详解】先行词 the man 指人,从句中 talking to 后缺少宾语,用 whom。故选 B。
6. C【详解】先行词 a person 指人,从句中缺少主语,用 who。故选 C。
7. C【详解】according to 固定搭配。故选 C。
8. B【详解】修饰动词 died 用副词 bravely。故选 B。
9. C【详解】follow one’s footsteps 固定搭配。故选 C。
10. C【详解】with great respect 表示“怀着敬意”。故选 C。
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
1. who(作主语)
2. whom(作宾语)
3. gave(一般过去时)
4. bravely(副词修饰动词)
5. fearless(形容词修饰名词)
6. footsteps(复数)
7. thought(一般过去时)
8. respect(名词)
三、完成句子
1. who(作主语)
2. who; gave(先行词指人;过去时)
3. who; thought(先行词指人;过去时)
4. followed; footsteps(固定搭配)
5. with; respect(固定搭配)
6. According to(固定搭配)
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