Unit2语法(可数与不可数名词)讲解与练习-2026-2027学年冀教版英语七年级上册新课预习

本讲义聚焦初中英语可数与不可数名词核心知识点，从定义切入，系统梳理可数名词单复数规则（含规则变化、不规则变化及单复数同形）、限定词使用、谓语一致及专属修饰词，再延伸至不可数名词的特性、修饰词及数量表达，构建从基础概念到实际应用的完整学习支架。 该资料以口诀记忆（如“可数名词有单复，单数戴帽不独处”）、对比辨析（如chicken表“小鸡”可数与“鸡肉”不可数）及分层练习（填空、单选、翻译）为特色，助力学生提升语言运用能力，通过易错点辨析培养思维品质，分层练习设计兼顾课中教学辅助与课后自主复习，有效帮助学生查漏补缺，夯实语法基础。

Unit2 Learning English is fun!语法讲解与练习 可数名词与不可数名词详细讲解 第一部分可数名词 一、定义 可数名词：可以直接数出具体个数的人或事物 (即具体人物、具体物品，看得见、能逐个计数)，有单数、复数两种形式。 单数：指一个人/事物；复数：指两个及以上人/事物。 二、四大核心规则 规则1：单数可数名词，必须加限定词 单数可数名词不能单独裸奔使用，前面必须加：a / an / the / 物主代词(my/your等) / 指示代词(this/that等) ❌ 错误：I have book. ✅ 正确：I have a book. 我有一本书。 ✅ 正确：This is an apple. 这是一个苹果。 ✅ 正确：It’s my pen. 这是我的钢笔。 规则2：复数名词，词尾要发生变化 两个及以上的可数名词，必须用复数形式，绝大多数加 -s / -es，少数为不规则变化 ❌ 错误：two student / three box ✅ 正确：two students 两个学生 ✅ 正确：three boxes 三个盒子 规则3：作主语，单复数决定谓语动词形式 单数主语 → 谓语用单数（is / has / 动词三单） 复数主语 → 谓语用复数（are / have / 动词原形） ✅ 单数例句：The cat is cute. 这只猫很可爱。 ✅ 复数例句：The cats are cute. 这些猫很可爱。 ✅ 单数例句：He has a ruler. 他有一把尺子。 ✅ 复数例句：They have rulers. 他们有尺子。 规则4：专属修饰词 只修饰可数复数：many, few, a few 只修饰不可数：much, little, a little 双向通用：some, any（可修饰可数复数+不可数） ✅ 可数例句：There are many books on the desk. 桌子上有很多书。 ✅ 可数例句：I have a few friends here. 我在这里有几个朋友。 三、可数名词复数规则变化 1. 一般情况：直接加 -s book→books 书、pen→pens 钢笔、bag→bags 包 例句：I have three new bags. 我有三个新包包。 2. 以 s、x、ch、sh 结尾：加 -es bus→buses 公交车、box→boxes 盒子、watch→watches 手表、brush→brushes 刷子 例句：There are two buses on the road. 路上有两辆公交车。 3. 以辅音字母 + y 结尾：变 y 为 i，加 -es city→cities 城市、family→families 家庭、baby→babies 婴儿 例句：Many families live here. 很多家庭住在这里。 💡 特例：元音字母(a/e/i/o/u)+y结尾，直接加s：day→days、boy→boys 4. 以 f / fe 结尾：变 f/fe 为 v，加 -es knife→knives 小刀、leaf→leaves 树叶、wife→wives 妻子 例句：There are two knives on the table. 桌子上有两把小刀。 5. 以 o 结尾：有生命加es，无生命加s ✅ 有生命(加es)：tomato→tomatoes 西红柿,potato→potatoes 土豆, hero→heroes 英雄 ✅ 无生命(加s)：photo→photos 照片,piano→pianos 钢琴,radio→radios 收音机 例句：I like eating tomatoes. 我喜欢吃西红柿。 【小贴士：此规律为初中应试简化口诀,不适用所有单词,只需牢记上面列出词汇】 四、可数名词不规则变化 此部分无规律，必须熟记，是考试高频考点 1. man→men男人 woman→women 女人 Five men and three women are in the room. 房间里有五位男士、三位女士。 2. foot→feet 脚 / tooth→teeth 牙齿 Wash your feet before sleeping. 睡前洗脚。 3. child→children 孩子 / mouse→mice 老鼠 Many children like playing games. 很多孩子喜欢玩游戏。 4. 单复数同形（不变） sheep→sheep绵羊,deer→deer鹿,Chinese→Chinese中国人,Japanese→Japanese日本人 There are ten sheep on the farm. 农场里有十只绵羊。 五、单复数同形易错点 1. 本身只有复数的名词（无单数形式） people 人们、police 警察、clothes 衣服 ❗ 作主语谓语只用复数 例句：The people are very friendly. 人们非常友好。 补充：person（单数，人）→ people（复数，人们） 2. 集体名词（单复皆可，看含义） family、class、team 整体概念（单数）：My family is a big family. 我的家庭是一个大家庭。 成员概念（复数）：My family all like reading. 我的家人们都喜欢阅读。 六、既可数又不可数名词（对比例句） 1. chicken 可数：小鸡 ✅ There are many chickens on the farm. 农场里有很多小鸡。 不可数：鸡肉 ✅ I like chicken. 我喜欢吃鸡肉。 2. orange 可数：橙子 ✅ I have two oranges. 我有两个橙子。 不可数：橙汁 ✅ I drink some orange every morning. 我每天早上喝橙汁。 3. room 可数：房间 ✅ This is my new room. 这是我的新房间。 不可数：空间 ✅ There is no room in the car. 车里没有空间了。 4. time 可数：次数、倍数 ✅ I exercise three times a week. 我一周锻炼三次。 不可数：时间 ✅ Time is precious. 时间很宝贵。 七、可数名词速记口诀 可数名词有单复，单数戴帽不独处；s/es常规变，辅y变i加es； o尾有命加es，f变v记清楚；单复同形特殊记，单复谓语分清楚。 第二部分 不可数名词 一、定义 不可数名词：无法直接逐个计数、没有完整个体的人/事物、物质或抽象概念，无复数形式。 两大类别：自然物质、饮食材料、抽象概念（看不见、摸不着、无法数数）。 核心特征：不分个数、不能直接用数字计数、永远为整体概念。 二、四大核心规则 规则1：绝对不能直接加 a / an 不可数名词没有单数个体，前面禁止使用不定冠词 a/an，不能单独表示“一个”。 ❌ 错误：a water / a bread / a news ✅ 正确：I want some water. 我想要一些水。 ✅ 正确：There is some bread on the table. 桌子上有一些面包。 规则2：作主语，谓语动词只用单数 所有不可数名词作主语，统一视为单数，搭配 is / has / 动词三单形式，不受数量修饰词影响。 ✅ 例句：Water is very important for life. 水对生命至关重要。 ✅ 例句：The news is very exciting. 这条消息很令人振奋。 ✅ 例句：Some rice is in the bowl. 碗里有一些米饭。 规则3：专属修饰词 只修饰不可数名词：much, little, a little 只修饰可数复数名词：many, few, a few 双向通用（两类名词都可修饰）：some, any ✅ 不可数例句：There is much juice in the glass. 杯子里有很多果汁。 ✅ 不可数例句：I have a little free time today. 我今天有一点空闲时间。 三、不可数名词数量表达 不可数名词不能直接加数字，想要表达具体数量，必须借助量词短语 公式：数词 + 量词 + of + 不可数名词 ❗ 唯一变化规则：量词随数字变复数，后面的不可数名词永远不变！ 常用搭配+对比例句： 1. a cup of tea 一杯茶 → two cups of tea 两杯茶 例句：I drink two cups of tea every afternoon. 我每天下午喝两杯茶。 2. a bottle of milk 一瓶牛奶 → three bottles of milk 三瓶牛奶 例句：My mom buys three bottles of milk every week. 我妈妈每周买三瓶牛奶。 3. a piece of bread 一片面包 → five pieces of bread 五片面包 例句：There are five pieces of bread on the plate. 盘子里有五片面包。 4. a piece of paper 一张纸 → two pieces of paper 两张纸 例句：I need two pieces of paper to write notes. 我需要两张纸记笔记。 四、七年级必考不可数名词分类清单 1. 液体类（全部不可数） water 水, milk 牛奶，juice 果汁，tea 茶，coffee 咖啡，soup 汤 例句：The soup tastes delicious. 这道汤味道很鲜美。 2. 主食肉类（全部不可数） bread 面包，rice 米饭，meat 肉，beef 牛肉，pork 猪肉，chicken 鸡肉 例句：Rice is the main food for us. 米饭是我们的主食。 3. 自然材料类（全部不可数） paper 纸，glass 玻璃，wood 木头，snow 雪，rain 雨，sand 沙子 例句：This table is made of wood. 这张桌子是木头做的。 4. 抽象名词（超级易错，必考） news新闻，music音乐，time时间，money钱， work工作，help帮助，information 信息 例句：Money is important, but not everything. 钱很重要，但不是万能的。 ❗ 重点提醒：news 外形像复数，实则百分百不可数，谓语只用单数,不能说 a news，要说 a piece of news 五、不可数名词速记口诀 不可名词无单复，不加 s 不加 an； 单数谓语永相随，much little专属配； 数量要用量词接，量词变名永不变； 一词两用分清义，考试做题不扣分。 【巩固练习】 一、用所给单词的正确形式填空 1.There are many English __________ (sentence) on the blackboard. 2.We can learn different __________ (phrase) in this unit. 3.There are two __________ (fox) in the storybook. 4.We need three __________ (piece) of paper to write notes. 5.Reading more books can improve our language __________ (level). 6.These __________ (fact) tell us the importance of learning English. 7.We have great __________ (fun) in the English class every day. 8.There is some __________ (tofu) and __________ (salt) in the bowl. 9.Different countries have different __________ (culture). 10.Can you give me two __________ (example) of this new word? 11.Many __________ (child) like learning English songs. 12.We need to read more English __________ (line) in the textbook. 13.There are many __________ (skill) we need to learn. 14.A lot of __________ (student) join the English club. 15.We can see different __________ (animal) in the ocean. 16.There are three __________ (man) teachers in our grade. 17.These __________ (woman) are our English teachers. 18.We need more __________ (practice) to learn English well. 19.Every __________ (sentence) has its own meaning. 20.There are millions of __________ (people) in the big city. 二、单项选择 ( )1. There are many ______ in this passage. A. sentence B. sentences C. sentencees D. sentence’s ( )2. We have much ______ to do in English class. A. funs B. fun C. funny D. funning ( )3. Can you give me some ______ to learn English well? A. tip B. tips C. tipes D. tipss ( )4. There is some ______ on the plate. A. tofu B. tofus C. a tofu D. many tofu ( )5. Different ______ have different living habits. A. culture B. cultures C. culture’s D. culturies ( )6. How many ______ can you see in the picture? A. fox B. foxes C. foxs D. foxies ( )7. This is ______ useful piece of advice. A. a B. an C. many D. two ( )8. There are lots of ______ in our school English club. A. student B. students C. studentes D. student’s ( )9. ______ is very important for English learning. A. Practices B. Practice C. Many practice D. A practices ( )10. We have two ______ and three ______ in our classroom. A. man teachers; woman teachers B. men teachers; women teachers C. man teacher; woman teacher D. men teacher; women teacher ( )11. There are some ______ about English learning in the book. A. fact B. facts C. factes D. factses ( )12. How much ______ do you need? A. salt B. salts C. a salt D. many salts ( )13. Many ______ like to learn English by singing songs. A. child B. children C. childs D. childes ( )14. There are different ______ of English phrases. A. kind B. kinds C. kindes D. kindss ( )15. This ______ is easy for us to understand. A. sentence B. sentences C. some sentence D. many sentences ( )16. There are millions of ______ learning English now. A. peoples B. people C. person D. student ( )17. We can get many useful ______ from English books. A. skill B. skills C. skilles D. skillss ( )18. There ______ some water and tofu in the pot. A. is B. are C. am D. be ( )19. She gives two ______ to explain this meaning. A. example B. examples C. examplees D. exampless ( )20. The ______ of English is very important for students. A. level B. levels C. leveles D. levelss 三、汉译英句子翻译 1.这篇短文里有很多有用的英语短语和句子。________________________________________ 2.学习不同的文化对我们来说有很多乐趣。________________________________________ 3.你能给我举几个关于这个单词用法的例子吗？________________________________________ 4.很多孩子喜欢通过阅读来提升英语水平。________________________________________ 5.锅里有一些豆腐和盐，它们很美味。________________________________________ 6.这些事实告诉我们学习英语技巧的重要性。________________________________________ 7.我们学校有两位男英语老师和三位女英语老师。________________________________________ 8.大量的练习是学好英语的关键。 ________________________________________ 9.世界上有数百万人在学习不同的语言。________________________________________ 10.每一个英语句子都有独特的含义。________________________________________ Keys 填空 1. sentences 2. phrases 3. foxes 4. pieces 5. level 6. facts 7. fun 8. tofu; salt 9. cultures 10. examples 11. children 12. lines 13. skills 14. students 15. animals 16. men 17. women 18. practice 19. sentence 20. people 单选参考答案 1.B 2.B 3.B 4.A 5.B 6.B 7.A 8.B 9.B 10.B 11.B 12.A 13.B 14.B 15.A 16.B 17.B 18.A 19.B 20.A 翻译参考答案 1.There are many useful English phrases and sentences in this passage. 2.Learning different cultures brings us much fun. 3.Can you give me some examples of the usage of this word? 4.Many children like improving their English level by reading. 5.There is some tofu and salt in the pot, and they are very delicious. 6.These facts tell us the importance of learning English skills. 7.There are two men teachers and three women teachers in our school. 8.Lots of practice is the key to learning English well. 9.Millions of people are learning different languages in the world. 10.Every English sentence has its special meaning. 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $