Unit 3 Sports and Fitness运动和健康（单元阅读精练）英语人教版必修第一册

**基本信息** 以“运动与健康”为主题，融合外刊精读、词汇语法解析及高考真题实战，构建主题-语言-技能三维训练体系，提升语言能力与思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |外刊精读|1篇说明文|主题语篇阅读|科学健身概念→运动类型→饮食搭配→心理价值，形成“认知-实践-升华”逻辑链| |词汇延伸|20+主题词|核心词+熟词僻义+固定搭配|从基础词汇（fitness）到话题短语（aerobic exercise），构建主题词汇网络| |长难句分析|3句高考核心句型|后置定语/动名词作主语/非限制性定语从句|解析语法结构与阅读考点，强化语言知识应用| |综合实战|8篇校级真题|阅读理解（4类体裁）/七选五/完形填空|覆盖细节理解、推理判断等题型，衔接高考命题趋势，提升解题能力|

Unit 3 Sports and Fitness运动和健康 单元阅读精练 单元主题：Sports and Fitness 运动与健康 （科学健身、运动习惯、运动精神、饮食健康、运动安全） 主题一、外刊精读原文 Nowadays, more teenagers pay attention to physical fitness, yet many of them hold wrong opinions about scientific exercise. Fitness is not about extreme high-intensity training or blindly pursuing a thinner figure. It is a long-term lifestyle that combines regular exercise, balanced diet and positive mental state. Moderate daily exercise is the foundation of physical health. Aerobic exercise including jogging, swimming and cycling can strengthen cardiopulmonary function and improve blood circulation. Strength training helps build muscle and shape the body, which is especially necessary for teenagers who are in a critical physical development period. However, over-training will bring irreversible damage to joints, knees and tendons. Worse still, staying up late to exercise completely defeats the purpose of keeping fit, for rest is as important as training. Exercise can never work alone without a healthy diet. You cannot burn fat and keep energetic if you take in too much high-sugar, high-oil junk food after training. Protein, vegetables and coarse grains can supplement physical consumption and help the body recover after sports. Skipping meals to lose weight is the most common mistake among teenage fitness lovers; it will lead to malnutrition, low immunity and bad mood. Apart from physical health, sports shape our mental fitness as well. Long-term exercise can reduce anxiety and relieve academic pressure. When you stick to daily workout, you will build stronger self-discipline and confidence. Sports teach us to face failure bravely, keep persistent in long-term goals, and cooperate with teammates in group ball games. These precious qualities can benefit students’ study and lifelong development. In short, the core of sports and fitness is moderation, persistence and balance. There is no shortcut to good health. No quick weight-loss plan, no extreme training can replace consistent moderate exercise and healthy living habits. Build a scientific fitness routine, and you will gain both a strong body and positive mind. 现如今，越来越多青少年开始重视身体素质，但多数人对科学健身存在认知误区。健身不等于高强度极限训练，也不是盲目追求纤瘦体型；它是一种长期的生活方式，结合规律运动、均衡饮食与良好的心理状态。 适度的日常运动是身体健康的基础。慢跑、游泳、骑行等有氧运动能够增强心肺功能、促进血液循环；力量训练可以塑形增肌，对于处在身体发育关键期的青少年尤为重要。但过度运动会对关节、膝盖、肌腱造成不可逆损伤。更重要的是，熬夜运动完全违背健身初衷，因为休息和运动同等重要。 脱离健康饮食，运动将事倍功半。如果运动后大量摄入高糖、高油垃圾食品，就无法减脂、维持身体活力。蛋白质、新鲜蔬菜和粗粮能够补充运动消耗，帮助机体运动后修复。节食减肥是青少年健身人群最常犯的错误，这会导致营养不良、免疫力低下和情绪低落。 除身体素质外，运动同样塑造我们的心理健康。长期运动能够缓解焦虑、释放学业压力。坚持日常锻炼能培养自律能力与自信心；体育运动教会我们直面挫折、坚守长期目标，在球类团队运动中学会团队协作。这些宝贵的品质，将终身有益于学生的学习与个人成长。 总而言之，运动健身的核心是适度、坚持与均衡。身体健康从无捷径，不存在速效减肥方案，任何极限训练都无法替代长期适度运动和健康作息习惯。养成科学的健身习惯，你终将收获强健的体魄与积极的心态。 fitness /ˈfɪtnəs/ n. 健康；健身 衍生：fit adj.健康的；合适的 moderate /ˈmɒdərət/ adj. 适度的；温和的 v.缓和 strengthen /ˈstreŋθn/ vt. 加强；增强（高频考点动词） persistent /pəˈsɪstənt/ adj. 坚持不懈的；持续的 balanced /ˈbælənst/ adj. 均衡的；平衡的 搭配：balanced diet 均衡饮食 consumption /kənˈsʌmpʃn/ n. 消耗；消费 irreversible /ˌɪrɪˈvɜːsəbl/ adj. 不可逆转的；无法挽回的 immunity /ɪˈmjuːnəti/ n. 免疫力；防御能力 malnutrition /ˌmælnjuːˈtrɪʃn/ n. 营养不良 self-discipline /ˌself ˈdɪsəplɪn/ n. 自律；自我约束 aerobic exercise 有氧运动（单元话题固定搭配） high-intensity training 高强度训练 physical development 身体发育 relieve pressure 缓解压力 joint /dʒɔɪnt/ n. 关节；连接处 【词汇延伸】 critical /ˈkrɪtɪkl/ adj. 关键的；批判的（熟词僻义）a critical period 关键时期 supplement /ˈsʌplɪment/ v. 补充；增补 n.补给品 coarse grain 粗粮 shortcut /ˈʃɔːtkʌt/ n. 捷径；近路 tendency /ˈtendənsi/ n. 趋势；倾向 cardiopulmonary /ˌkɑːdiəʊˈpʌlmənəri/ adj. 心肺的 defeat the purpose of违背……的初衷；达不到……目的 apart from 除……之外（介词短语，写作高频替换besides） blindly pursue 盲目追求 benefit from 从……中获益 build up a routine 养成固定习惯 长难句1： 原句：Aerobic exercise including jogging, swimming and cycling can strengthen cardiopulmonary function and improve blood circulation. 1、句子结构： 简单句；现在分词短语 including...作后置定语修饰主语Aerobic exercise 2、短语解析： aerobic exercise 有氧运动； cardiopulmonary function 心肺功能； blood circulation 血液循环 3、翻译：慢跑、游泳、骑行等有氧运动能够增强心肺功能，促进血液循环。 4、考点：介词短语后置定语 长难句2： 原句：Skipping meals to lose weight is the most common mistake among teenage fitness lovers; it will lead to malnutrition, low immunity and bad mood. 1、句子结构：分号连接并列简单句；动名词短语 Skipping meals to lose weight 作主语； 2、固定搭配：skip meals 节食；lead to 导致（同义替换：result in） 3、翻译：节食减肥是青少年健身人群最常见的误区，这会引发营养不良、免疫力低下和情绪低落。 4、考点：动名词作句子主语）。 长难句3： 原句：When you stick to daily workout, you will build stronger self-discipline and confidence, which can benefit students’ study and lifelong development. 1、句子结构：when引导时间状语从句；which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面一整句话内容 2、固定搭配：stick to doing sth. 坚持做某事；lifelong development 终身发展 3、翻译：当你坚持日常锻炼时，你会养成更强的自律性与自信心，而这些品质将有益于学生的学习和终身成长。 4、考点：非限制性定语从句（高考阅读、语法填空压轴考点）。 【高考真题链接】 (2024・全国甲卷・阅读理解 C 篇) Most people who exercise regularly know that physical activity benefits the body. But new research shows it also has a surprising effect on how we process information and make decisions. Researchers studied 181 young adults, dividing them into two groups. One group took part in a 20-minute moderate cycling exercise, while the other group remained seated at rest. After the activity, all participants finished a series of cognitive tests to measure their decision-making ability and attention span. The results showed that the group with short-term moderate exercise performed much better in flexible decision-making tasks. Their brains were more sensitive to changing information and less likely to make impulsive wrong choices. According to the lead researcher, moderate exercise increases blood flow to the prefrontal cortex (前额皮层), the brain area controlling logical thinking and self-control. This finding is especially meaningful for high school students. Facing heavy academic tasks, teenagers often suffer from short attention spans and weak self-control. Proper daily exercise is a cheap and effective way to improve learning efficiency, instead of wasting time on endless extra cram sessions. The researchers suggest students arrange 20 to 30 minutes of aerobic exercise every school day to keep both body and brain energetic. 1. What is the new finding of the research? A. Regular exercise strengthens physical health. B. Moderate exercise improves people’s decision-making. C. Cycling is the best sport to build up one’s body. D. Rest helps improve students’ attention span. 2. How did researchers carry out the study? A. By collecting daily exercise data of students. B. By doing questionnaires among teenagers. C. By setting up two control groups for comparison. D. By observing students’ daily sports habits. 3. Why does exercise change people’s decision-making ability? A. It relaxes people’s nervous mood completely. B. It makes people less willing to make choices. C. It increases blood flow to the logical control brain area. D. It helps people get rid of bad living habits. 4. What do researchers advise students to do? A. Take long-term high-intensity training. B. Do 20-30 minutes daily aerobic exercise. C. Give up after-school cram classes totally. D. Focus on mental health rather than body fitness. 【综合实战演练】25-26高一校级真题汇编） 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 Passage 01 阅读理解 应用文 286 校园四类免费青少年健身课程及活动须知 Passage 02 阅读理解 说明文 362 运动成瘾的表现、危害与合理健身建议 Passage 03 阅读理解 记叙文 328 跑步帮助作者克服自卑、磨砺意志的亲身经历 Passage 04 阅读理解 记叙文 345 残奥会运动员坚守体育梦想、突破身体局限的故事 Passage 05 阅读理解 说明文 310 运动后科学饮食补给的专业科普 Passage 06 阅读理解七选五 说明文 225 新手科学开启居家健身的五条实用建议 Passage 07 阅读理解七选五 夹叙夹议 358 团队体育运动培养青少年社交与协作能力 Cloze 08 完形填空 记叙文 385 校园足球队磨合成长，领悟体育精神与团队担当 一、阅读理解 Passage 01 （25-26高一下·广东广州·期末）Looking for free after-school sports courses for teenagers? The Student Sports Center opens four themed fitness programs for Grade 10 students this semester. All courses are free of charge and open to all students with PE course permission. Basic Aerobic Class Suitable for beginners with little sports foundation. Teachers guide students to finish low-intensity aerobic exercise including brisk walking, rope skipping and simple dance workouts. Time: 16:00-17:00, every Monday and Wednesday. Notes: No sports equipment preparation is needed. Ball Game Training Camp Containing basketball, volleyball and badminton group training. Focus on basic skills and team match tactics. Suitable for students who love group ball sports. Time: 17:10-18:40, every Tuesday. Notes: Students must bring self-owned sports shoes and protective knee pads. Adolescent Strength Shaping Class Light strength training for teenage physical development. Avoid high-load weightlifting which harms bone growth. Help students improve body posture and build moderate muscle mass. Time: 15:30-16:30, every Thursday. Notes: Students with joint injuries are not allowed to attend this course. Mental Fitness & Yoga Class Slow-paced yoga training to relieve academic anxiety and relax tight muscles. Best for students who suffer from sleep loss caused by study pressure. Time: 16:00-17:30, every Friday. Notes: Please bring a personal yoga mat. 1. What do we know about the Basic Aerobic Class? A. It needs professional sports equipment. B. It suits students with no sports foundation. C. It opens on Tuesday and Thursday. D. It focuses on team ball games. 2. What must students take to join the Ball Game Training Camp? A. A yoga mat. B. Knee pads. C. Weightlifting equipment. D. A course permission form. 3. Which course is the best choice for anxious students with sleeping problems? A. Basic Aerobic Class. B. Ball Game Training Camp. C. Adolescent Strength Shaping Class. D. Mental Fitness & Yoga Class. Passage 02 （26-27高一·浙江杭州·期中）Many teenagers fall into the trap of exercise addiction while pursuing a healthy figure. Exercise addiction is a behavioral disorder that people are forced to take excessive sports activities, ignoring physical tiredness and doctors’ advice. There are three typical signs of exercise addiction. First, addicts will feel guilty and anxious if they miss daily workout. They regard exercise as the only way to realize self-worth. Second, they insist on training even when suffering from sports injuries, which leads to chronic joint damage. Third, they sacrifice sleep, study time and social activities for long-hour training. Experts point out that exercise addiction brings huge hidden dangers to teenagers. Adolescent bones and organs are still developing; excessive exercise will hinder physical development and lower immune function. Besides, over-training causes mental obsession, affecting students’ normal study and interpersonal communication. To avoid exercise addiction, students must set clear and scientific fitness goals. The core of fitness is health rather than perfect figure. Arrange proper rest time and stop training once your body sends out tired signals. Most importantly, treat sports as a way of relaxing, not a mandatory daily task. 1. What is exercise addiction according to the text? A. A good living habit of keeping working out. B. A behavioral disorder of doing excessive sports. C. A training method to keep perfect figure. D. A mental disease causing sleep loss. 2. Which is a typical sign of exercise addiction? A. Stop exercising when feeling tired. B. Skip training for social activities. C. Feel anxious without daily exercise. D. Follow doctors’ advice strictly. 3. What harm will exercise addiction bring to teenagers? A. It improves students’ learning efficiency. B. It blocks adolescent physical growth. C. It strengthens body immunity. D. It helps form good study habits. 4. What is the key advice given by experts? A. Take exercise as a relaxing lifestyle. B. Spend more time on strict weight training. C. Pursue perfect body figure blindly. D. Never stop daily workout. Passage 03 I used to be a shy and unconfident boy in senior high school. I was afraid to speak in public and dared not take part in collective activities. My PE teacher found my problem and advised me to start long-distance running. At first, running was extremely tough for me. I could only run 800 meters before feeling out of breath and exhausted. I wanted to give up during the first week of training. However, my teacher told me that sports never reward lazy people; persistence beats talent in physical training. I decided to stick to morning running every day no matter what the weather was like. Day by day, my physical quality improved obviously. I could finish 3000 meters smoothly without tiredness. More importantly, running changed my personality gradually. The process of overcoming physical exhaustion taught me to conquer inner fear. I began to take the initiative to communicate with classmates and join the school running team. Now I firmly believe that running is not merely a kind of sport. It shapes my body and polishes my willpower. The perseverance I gain from sports helps me overcome difficulties in my academic study as well. Never underestimate the power of long-term sports; it will change you both physically and mentally. 1. Why did the author start running? A. To take part in the school running race. B. To change his shy and unconfident personality. C. To win praise from his PE teacher. D. To pass the high school PE exam. 2. What was the author’s biggest difficulty at first? A. He had no time for morning running. B. He lacked sports shoes and equipment. C. He got tired easily and wanted to give up. D. The bad weather stopped his training. 3. What is the biggest change the author got from running? A. He became excellent in all school subjects. B. He built strong willpower and confidence. C. He became the best runner in his school. D. He made a large number of new friends. 4. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Running is the best sport for teenagers. B. Persistent sports change people’s body and mind. C. How to keep good academic performance. D. The way to overcome learning difficulties. Passage 04 （25-26高一下·山东济南·期末） Sarah Williams was born with a congenital leg defect, which made it hard for her to walk normally. Most people told her that she could never take part in competitive sports. But Sarah fell in love with swimming at the age of 12. She refused to accept the judgement that she was not fit for sports. She started professional swimming training at a local disabled sports center. Compared with normal athletes, she paid twice more efforts for daily training. She got up at 5 a.m. for morning pool training every day and finished strength training after school. She suffered from muscle soreness and joint pain constantly, but she never complained or thought about quitting. Her persistence finally paid off. She won the bronze medal in the national paralympic swimming competition at 17. For Sarah, sports is more than medals and honors. “Sports teach me that physical disability can never limit my dream. The biggest enemy is not physical defect, but the weak mindset of admitting defeat easily,” Sarah said in an interview. Now Sarah works as a youth sports instructor. She encourages disabled teenagers to join sports activities to rebuild self-confidence. She wants to pass on the positive sports spirit to more young people. 1. What does the underlined word “congenital” in paragraph 1 mean? A. 后天的 B. 先天的 C. 轻微的 D. 临时的 2. What can we know about Sarah’s training? A. She had easier training tasks than normal athletes. B. She stuck to strict daily training with great pain. C. She gave up training because of physical pain. D. She only trained on weekends after school. 3. What does Sarah think is people’s biggest enemy? A. Physical disability. B. Difficult training tasks. C. Weak negative mentality. D. Fierce competitors. 4. What is Sarah’s present job? A. A professional swimmer. B. A sports news reporter. C. A PE teacher in high school. D. A youth sports instructor. Passage 05 Scientific diet matching is as important as exercise for fitness lovers. Many teenagers make a common mistake: taking plenty of high-protein supplements immediately after high-intensity exercise, while ignoring daily balanced diet collocation. Nutritionists give clear targeted suggestions for adolescent students. First, do not take mass protein supplements blindly. Natural food such as eggs, milk, chicken and beans can provide enough protein for teenage body recovery. Extra supplements will increase the burden of liver and kidney. Second, supplement carbohydrates within one hour after moderate exercise. Carbohydrates can replenish consumed energy rapidly and prevent physical soreness the next day. Whole wheat bread, bananas and oat meal are the best low-fat carbohydrate sources for students. Third, drink water scientifically during and after exercise. Sip small amounts of water repeatedly during long-time training; do not drink plenty of icy water at one time, which will stimulate gastric mucosa and cause stomach disease. In short, natural daily diet is the best choice for student athletes. Expensive fitness supplements cannot replace natural healthy three meals. 1. What is the common mistake teenage fitness lovers make? A. Ignoring expensive fitness supplements. B. B. Blindly taking high-protein supplements. C. Eating enough natural fruit after exercise. D. Drinking water properly during training. 2. Why should students avoid extra protein supplements? A. They cost too much money. B. They taste terrible for teenagers. C. They increase organ burden. D. They have no nutritional value. 3. Which food is recommended to supplement carbohydrates? A. Bananas. B. Fried chicken. C. Ice cream. D. Red meat. 4. What is the passage mainly about? A. Various types of sports for teenagers. B. Scientific diet collocation for sports. C. Harm of junk food to students. D. Ways to drink water in daily life. Passage 06（七选五） How to Start Home Fitness for Beginners Home workout is convenient and time-saving for students who have no time to go to the gym. But many beginners give up home fitness quickly because of unscientific plans. 1 First, set clear and achievable small goals. Do not set unrealistic goals like losing 5kg in one week. 2 Small goal achievement can bring you continuous motivation to stick to training. Second, choose low-threshold sports suitable for indoor space. 3 Simple movements like body squats, wall sits and jumping jacks need no large space or expensive equipment. Third, arrange fixed workout time every day. 4 Forming a fixed sports biological clock is the key to sticking to long-term home fitness. Fourth, record your daily training data. Record training duration and physical feelings every day. You can clearly see your progress and correct wrong movement gestures in time. 5 A. Avoid intense outdoor sports indoors. B. B. Here are five practical tips for home fitness beginners. C. Make full use of gym equipment at home. D. Goals should be gradual and fit your physical condition. E. Never change your workout time randomly. F. F. Data recording helps you keep improving your fitness plan. G. It is difficult to stick to sports without equipment. Passage 07（七选五） The Social Value of Team Sports Nowadays, most teenagers prefer single sports such as running and yoga. They think team ball sports waste time and limit personal performance. 1 Team sports bring unique social and mental benefits that single sports cannot replace. 2 When playing basketball or volleyball, teenagers have to communicate with teammates actively to complete tactical cooperation. This helps shy students break social barriers and improve oral communication ability. Second, team sports cultivate students’ sense of collective honor and responsibility. 3 Every team member needs to make efforts for the whole team instead of only focusing on personal performance. Third, team sports teach teenagers to deal with competition and failure properly. Students will experience winning and losing in team matches. 4 They will learn to accept failure calmly and sum up experience together. To sum up, schools should encourage students to take part in various team sports. 5 Balance single sports and team sports for all-round physical and mental development. A. Firstly, team sports improve students’ social ability. B. Team sports are more popular among boys. C. But they ignore the value of group sports. D. A good team needs unified goals and joint efforts. E. It is easy for teenagers to get over excited after winning games. F. These experiences help build mature competitive mentality. G. Team sports can replace individual exercise completely. 二、完形填空 Cloze 08 （25-26高一下·湖北武汉·期末）I joined the school boys’ volleyball team at the beginning of senior one. At first, I joined the team only because I loved playing volleyball for fun. I never realized the true 1 of team sports until we took part in the city high school volleyball match. Our team had talented individual players, but we 2 lacked tacit cooperation. During early training, every player wanted to show personal skills on the court. We often argued over ball distribution and 3 followed the coach’s tactical arrangement. Our training effect was far 4 than other teams. Before the city match, our coach had an in-depth talk with us. He told us that volleyball was never a(n) 5 sport. Personal brilliance can never 6 team joint efforts. A strong team relies on 7 , not individual stars. We 8 our attitude from that day on. We stopped chasing personal performance and learned to 9 with teammates actively. We practiced passing and blocking skills repeatedly to build tacit understanding. We encouraged each other when meeting training 10 . During the city match, we met a strong competing team. We fell behind in the first two sets. Instead of 11 , we adjusted our rhythm and cooperated closely. Finally, we 12 the match with joint efforts. This match taught me a precious lesson. Sports is not only about winning medals. It 13 perseverance, teamwork and sense of responsibility. These sports 14 will guide me to cooperate with others and overcome 15 in my future study and life. 1．A. meaning B. method C. rule D. skill 2．A. totally B. slightly C. nearly D. simply 3．A. always B. often C. seldom D. usually 4．A. better B. worse C. faster D. slower 5．A. group B. team C. individual D. outdoor 6．A. replace B. influence C. attract D. improve 7．A. competition B. cooperation C. talent D. luck 8．A. changed B. kept C. forgot D. showed 9．A. compete B. communicate C. compare D. conflict 10．A. success B. awards C. difficulties D. happiness 11．A. cheering B. quarreling C. giving up D. holding on 12．A. lost B. won C. watched D. canceled 13．A. refuses B. requires C. avoids D. ignores 14．A. spirits B. results C. awards D. habits 15．A. money B. friends C. difficulties D. success 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 3 Sports and Fitness运动和健康 单元阅读精练 答案 实战训练 【高考真题链接】 【导语】说明文。文章通过对照实验，研究证实适度运动不仅强身，还能提升大脑 决策能力与专注力，给高中生提出日常运动建议。 答案解析： 1.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“But new research shows it also has a surprising effect on how we process information and make decisions.”以及第三段实验结论可知，这项新研究发现适度运动能够提升人的决策能力。A为已知常识，并非新发现；C/D与原文内容不符。故选B。 2.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段“Researchers studied 181 young adults, dividing them into two groups.”可知，研究人员设置实验组和对照组，通过对照实验开展研究。故选C。 3.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段“moderate exercise increases blood flow to the prefrontal cortex (前额皮层), the brain area controlling logical thinking and self-control.”可知，适度运动增加流向大脑逻辑控制区域的血流量，从而提升决策能力。故选C。 4.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段“The researchers suggest students arrange 20 to 30 minutes of aerobic exercise every school day”可知，专家建议学生每天进行20至30分钟有氧运动。故选B。 【综合实战演练】25-26高一校级真题汇编） 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 Passage 01 阅读理解 应用文 286 校园四类免费青少年健身课程及活动须知 Passage 02 阅读理解 说明文 362 运动成瘾的表现、危害与合理健身建议 Passage 03 阅读理解 记叙文 328 跑步帮助作者克服自卑、磨砺意志的亲身经历 Passage 04 阅读理解 记叙文 345 残奥会运动员坚守体育梦想、突破身体局限的故事 Passage 05 阅读理解 说明文 310 运动后科学饮食补给的专业科普 Passage 06 阅读理解七选五 说明文 225 新手科学开启居家健身的五条实用建议 Passage 07 阅读理解七选五 夹叙夹议 358 团队体育运动培养青少年社交与协作能力 Cloze 08 完形填空 记叙文 385 校园足球队磨合成长，领悟体育精神与团队担当 一、阅读理解 Passage 01 【导语】应用文，介绍学校体育中心四门免费青少年课后健身课程的适配人群、 上课时间与注意事项。 答案解析: 1、B 细节题。原文“Suitable for beginners with little sports foundation”说明有氧基础课适合无运动基础新手；其余选项与原文须知相悖。 2、B 细节题。球类训练营须知明确要求学生自带运动鞋和防护护膝（protective knee pads）。 3、D 细节题。瑜伽心理健身课专门适合学业焦虑、睡眠不足的学生。 Passage 02 【导语】说明文，介绍青少年运动成瘾的定义、典型特征、身心危害及科学规避方法。 答案解析 1、B 定义理解题。文章开篇直接定义：运动成瘾是一种过度运动的行为障碍。 2、C 细节题。成瘾特征第一条：中断日常运动就会内疚焦虑；其余选项均是健康运动行为。 3、B 细节题。专家表明过度运动阻碍青少年身体发育、降低免疫力。 4、A 主旨题。文章尾段核心建议：把运动当作放松方式，而非强制性任务。 Passage 03 【导语】记叙文，作者讲述长跑帮助自己克服自卑、磨砺意志、实现身心双重成长的 个人经历。 答案解析： 1、B 细节题。老师发现作者性格内向自卑，建议通过跑步做出改变。 2、C 细节题。初期作者体能差，极易疲惫，多次想要放弃跑步。 3、B 细节题。跑步最大的收获不是体能提升，而是塑造意志力、变得自信外向。 4、B 主旨题。全文主旨：长期坚持体育运动，能够实现身心双重蜕变。 Passage 04 【导语】记叙文，讲述先天腿部缺陷的残奥会游泳运动员萨拉，凭借坚持突破身体局限， 传递体育正能量的故事。 答案解析： 1、B 词义猜测题。结合后文天生无法正常行走，可判断congenital意为“先天的”。 2、B 细节题。萨拉忍受身体疼痛，坚持高强度日常专业训练，从未放弃。 3、C 细节题。萨拉表示：最大的敌人不是身体缺陷，而是轻易认输的消极弱势心态。 4、D 细节题。原文明确说明她现在担任青少年体育指导员。 Passage 05 【导语】说明文，科普青少年运动后的科学饮食补给方案，纠正健身饮食常见误区。 答案解析： 1、B 细节题。青少年最常见误区：运动后盲目大量服用高蛋白补剂。 2、C 细节题。过量补剂会加重青少年肝肾代谢负担。 3、A 细节题。原文推荐香蕉、全麦面包、燕麦作为优质碳水来源。 4、B 主旨题。全文围绕运动健身配套科学饮食搭配展开科普。 Passage 06（七选五） 【导语】说明文，给健身新手提供五条居家科学健身实操建议。 答案：1.B 2.D 3.A 4.E 5.F 答案解析 1.B 总起衔接。前文点明新手居家健身容易放弃，下文分点给建议，B选项总领全文。 2.D 细节承接。前后讲解制定合理目标，D选项说明目标需要循序渐进、贴合自身体能。 3.A 过渡衔接。本段讲解室内运动选择，A选项点明室内禁止高强度剧烈运动。 4.E 语义承接。前文要求固定运动时间，E选项补充不要随意更改训练时间。 5.F 结尾总结。呼应前文训练数据记录，说明数据记录的优化作用。 Passage 07（七选五） 【导语】夹叙夹议，阐述团队体育运动不可替代的社交、德育价值，倡导学生兼顾 个人与团体运动。 答案：1.C 2.A 3.D 4.F 5.B 逐空解析： 1.C 转折衔接。前文青少年偏爱单人运动、忽视团体运动，C选项转折引出团队运动独特价值。 2.A 分点总起。根据后文Second、Third，此处为第一条优点，总述团队运动提升社交能力。 3.D 语义支撑。解释团队责任感：团队需要统一目标和全员共同努力。 4.F 逻辑承接。输赢赛场经历，帮助学生建立成熟的竞争心态。 5.B 总结呼吁。承接前文学校鼓励团队运动，收尾给出运动选择建议。 二、完形填空 【答案】 1．A 2．A 3．C 4．B 5．C 6．A 7．B 8．A 9．B 10．C 11．C 12．B 13．B 14．A 15．C 【导语】记叙文，作者通过校排球队备赛、参赛的经历，领悟团队体育的核心：团队协作、责任担当与体育精神。 【核心解析】 1. 考查名词：我起初打球只为娱乐，不懂团队运动的真正内涵（meaning）。 7. 考查名词：强队依靠协作（cooperation），而非明星队员，全文高频主题词。 14. 考查名词：坚持、协作都是体育精神（sports spirits），单元话题核心短语。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 3 Sports and Fitness运动和健康 单元阅读精练 单元主题：Sports and Fitness 运动与健康 （科学健身、运动习惯、运动精神、饮食健康、运动安全） 主题一、外刊精读原文 Nowadays, more teenagers pay attention to physical fitness, yet many of them hold wrong opinions about scientific exercise. Fitness is not about extreme high-intensity training or blindly pursuing a thinner figure. It is a long-term lifestyle that combines regular exercise, balanced diet and positive mental state. Moderate daily exercise is the foundation of physical health. Aerobic exercise including jogging, swimming and cycling can strengthen cardiopulmonary function and improve blood circulation. Strength training helps build muscle and shape the body, which is especially necessary for teenagers who are in a critical physical development period. However, over-training will bring irreversible damage to joints, knees and tendons. Worse still, staying up late to exercise completely defeats the purpose of keeping fit, for rest is as important as training. Exercise can never work alone without a healthy diet. You cannot burn fat and keep energetic if you take in too much high-sugar, high-oil junk food after training. Protein, vegetables and coarse grains can supplement physical consumption and help the body recover after sports. Skipping meals to lose weight is the most common mistake among teenage fitness lovers; it will lead to malnutrition, low immunity and bad mood. Apart from physical health, sports shape our mental fitness as well. Long-term exercise can reduce anxiety and relieve academic pressure. When you stick to daily workout, you will build stronger self-discipline and confidence. Sports teach us to face failure bravely, keep persistent in long-term goals, and cooperate with teammates in group ball games. These precious qualities can benefit students’ study and lifelong development. In short, the core of sports and fitness is moderation, persistence and balance. There is no shortcut to good health. No quick weight-loss plan, no extreme training can replace consistent moderate exercise and healthy living habits. Build a scientific fitness routine, and you will gain both a strong body and positive mind. 现如今，越来越多青少年开始重视身体素质，但多数人对科学健身存在认知误区。健身不等于高强度极限训练，也不是盲目追求纤瘦体型；它是一种长期的生活方式，结合规律运动、均衡饮食与良好的心理状态。 适度的日常运动是身体健康的基础。慢跑、游泳、骑行等有氧运动能够增强心肺功能、促进血液循环；力量训练可以塑形增肌，对于处在身体发育关键期的青少年尤为重要。但过度运动会对关节、膝盖、肌腱造成不可逆损伤。更重要的是，熬夜运动完全违背健身初衷，因为休息和运动同等重要。 脱离健康饮食，运动将事倍功半。如果运动后大量摄入高糖、高油垃圾食品，就无法减脂、维持身体活力。蛋白质、新鲜蔬菜和粗粮能够补充运动消耗，帮助机体运动后修复。节食减肥是青少年健身人群最常犯的错误，这会导致营养不良、免疫力低下和情绪低落。 除身体素质外，运动同样塑造我们的心理健康。长期运动能够缓解焦虑、释放学业压力。坚持日常锻炼能培养自律能力与自信心；体育运动教会我们直面挫折、坚守长期目标，在球类团队运动中学会团队协作。这些宝贵的品质，将终身有益于学生的学习与个人成长。 总而言之，运动健身的核心是适度、坚持与均衡。身体健康从无捷径，不存在速效减肥方案，任何极限训练都无法替代长期适度运动和健康作息习惯。养成科学的健身习惯，你终将收获强健的体魄与积极的心态。 fitness /ˈfɪtnəs/ n. 健康；健身 衍生：fit adj.健康的；合适的 moderate /ˈmɒdərət/ adj. 适度的；温和的 v.缓和 strengthen /ˈstreŋθn/ vt. 加强；增强（高频考点动词） persistent /pəˈsɪstənt/ adj. 坚持不懈的；持续的 balanced /ˈbælənst/ adj. 均衡的；平衡的 搭配：balanced diet 均衡饮食 consumption /kənˈsʌmpʃn/ n. 消耗；消费 irreversible /ˌɪrɪˈvɜːsəbl/ adj. 不可逆转的；无法挽回的 immunity /ɪˈmjuːnəti/ n. 免疫力；防御能力 malnutrition /ˌmælnjuːˈtrɪʃn/ n. 营养不良 self-discipline /ˌself ˈdɪsəplɪn/ n. 自律；自我约束 aerobic exercise 有氧运动 high-intensity training 高强度训练 physical development 身体发育 relieve pressure 缓解压力 joint /dʒɔɪnt/ n. 关节；连接处 【词汇延伸】 critical /ˈkrɪtɪkl/ adj. 关键的；批判的a critical period 关键时期 supplement /ˈsʌplɪment/ v. 补充；增补 n.补给品 coarse grain 粗粮 shortcut /ˈʃɔːtkʌt/ n. 捷径；近路 tendency /ˈtendənsi/ n. 趋势；倾向 cardiopulmonary /ˌkɑːdiəʊˈpʌlmənəri/ adj. 心肺的 defeat the purpose of违背……的初衷；达不到……目的 apart from 除……之外（介词短语，写作高频替换besides） blindly pursue 盲目追求 benefit from 从……中获益 build up a routine 养成固定习惯 长难句1： 原句：Aerobic exercise including jogging, swimming and cycling can strengthen cardiopulmonary function and improve blood circulation. 1、句子结构： 简单句；现在分词短语 including...作后置定语修饰主语Aerobic exercise 2、短语解析： aerobic exercise 有氧运动； cardiopulmonary function 心肺功能； blood circulation 血液循环 3、翻译：慢跑、游泳、骑行等有氧运动能够增强心肺功能，促进血液循环。 4、考点：介词短语后置定语 长难句2： 原句：Skipping meals to lose weight is the most common mistake among teenage fitness lovers; it will lead to malnutrition, low immunity and bad mood. 1、句子结构：分号连接并列简单句；动名词短语 Skipping meals to lose weight 作主语； 2、固定搭配：skip meals 节食；lead to 导致（同义替换：result in） 3、翻译：节食减肥是青少年健身人群最常见的误区，这会引发营养不良、免疫力低下和情绪低落。 4、考点：动名词作句子主语）。 长难句3： 原句：When you stick to daily workout, you will build stronger self-discipline and confidence, which can benefit students’ study and lifelong development. 1、句子结构：when引导时间状语从句；which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面一整句话内容 2、固定搭配：stick to doing sth. 坚持做某事；lifelong development 终身发展 3、翻译：当你坚持日常锻炼时，你会养成更强的自律性与自信心，而这些品质将有益于学生的学习和终身成长。 4、考点：非限制性定语从句（高考阅读、语法填空压轴考点）。 【高考真题链接】 (2024・全国甲卷・阅读理解 C 篇) Most people who exercise regularly know that physical activity benefits the body. But new research shows it also has a surprising effect on how we process information and make decisions. Researchers studied 181 young adults, dividing them into two groups. One group took part in a 20-minute moderate cycling exercise, while the other group remained seated at rest. After the activity, all participants finished a series of cognitive tests to measure their decision-making ability and attention span. The results showed that the group with short-term moderate exercise performed much better in flexible decision-making tasks. Their brains were more sensitive to changing information and less likely to make impulsive wrong choices. According to the lead researcher, moderate exercise increases blood flow to the prefrontal cortex (前额皮层), the brain area controlling logical thinking and self-control. This finding is especially meaningful for high school students. Facing heavy academic tasks, teenagers often suffer from short attention spans and weak self-control. Proper daily exercise is a cheap and effective way to improve learning efficiency, instead of wasting time on endless extra cram sessions. The researchers suggest students arrange 20 to 30 minutes of aerobic exercise every school day to keep both body and brain energetic. 1. What is the new finding of the research? A. Regular exercise strengthens physical health. B. Moderate exercise improves people’s decision-making. C. Cycling is the best sport to build up one’s body. D. Rest helps improve students’ attention span. 2. How did researchers carry out the study? A. By collecting daily exercise data of students. B. By doing questionnaires among teenagers. C. By setting up two control groups for comparison. D. By observing students’ daily sports habits. 3. Why does exercise change people’s decision-making ability? A. It relaxes people’s nervous mood completely. B. It makes people less willing to make choices. C. It increases blood flow to the logical control brain area. D. It helps people get rid of bad living habits. 4. What do researchers advise students to do? A. Take long-term high-intensity training. B. Do 20-30 minutes daily aerobic exercise. C. Give up after-school cram classes totally. D. Focus on mental health rather than body fitness. 【导语】说明文。文章通过对照实验，研究证实适度运动不仅强身，还能提升大脑 决策能力与专注力，给高中生提出日常运动建议。 答案解析： 1.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“But new research shows it also has a surprising effect on how we process information and make decisions.”以及第三段实验结论可知，这项新研究发现适度运动能够提升人的决策能力。A为已知常识，并非新发现；C/D与原文内容不符。故选B。 2.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段“Researchers studied 181 young adults, dividing them into two groups.”可知，研究人员设置实验组和对照组，通过对照实验开展研究。故选C。 3.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段“moderate exercise increases blood flow to the prefrontal cortex (前额皮层), the brain area controlling logical thinking and self-control.”可知，适度运动增加流向大脑逻辑控制区域的血流量，从而提升决策能力。故选C。 4.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段“The researchers suggest students arrange 20 to 30 minutes of aerobic exercise every school day”可知，专家建议学生每天进行20至30分钟有氧运动。故选B。 【综合实战演练】25-26高一校级真题汇编） 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 Passage 01 阅读理解 应用文 286 校园四类免费青少年健身课程及活动须知 Passage 02 阅读理解 说明文 362 运动成瘾的表现、危害与合理健身建议 Passage 03 阅读理解 记叙文 328 跑步帮助作者克服自卑、磨砺意志的亲身经历 Passage 04 阅读理解 记叙文 345 残奥会运动员坚守体育梦想、突破身体局限的故事 Passage 05 阅读理解 说明文 310 运动后科学饮食补给的专业科普 Passage 06 阅读理解七选五 说明文 225 新手科学开启居家健身的五条实用建议 Passage 07 阅读理解七选五 夹叙夹议 358 团队体育运动培养青少年社交与协作能力 Cloze 08 完形填空 记叙文 385 校园足球队磨合成长，领悟体育精神与团队担当 一、阅读理解 Passage 01 （25-26高一下·广东广州·期末）Looking for free after-school sports courses for teenagers? The Student Sports Center opens four themed fitness programs for Grade 10 students this semester. All courses are free of charge and open to all students with PE course permission. Basic Aerobic Class Suitable for beginners with little sports foundation. Teachers guide students to finish low-intensity aerobic exercise including brisk walking, rope skipping and simple dance workouts. Time: 16:00-17:00, every Monday and Wednesday. Notes: No sports equipment preparation is needed. Ball Game Training Camp Containing basketball, volleyball and badminton group training. Focus on basic skills and team match tactics. Suitable for students who love group ball sports. Time: 17:10-18:40, every Tuesday. Notes: Students must bring self-owned sports shoes and protective knee pads. Adolescent Strength Shaping Class Light strength training for teenage physical development. Avoid high-load weightlifting which harms bone growth. Help students improve body posture and build moderate muscle mass. Time: 15:30-16:30, every Thursday. Notes: Students with joint injuries are not allowed to attend this course. Mental Fitness & Yoga Class Slow-paced yoga training to relieve academic anxiety and relax tight muscles. Best for students who suffer from sleep loss caused by study pressure. Time: 16:00-17:30, every Friday. Notes: Please bring a personal yoga mat. 1. What do we know about the Basic Aerobic Class? A. It needs professional sports equipment. B. It suits students with no sports foundation. C. It opens on Tuesday and Thursday. D. It focuses on team ball games. 2. What must students take to join the Ball Game Training Camp? A. A yoga mat. B. Knee pads. C. Weightlifting equipment. D. A course permission form. 3. Which course is the best choice for anxious students with sleeping problems? A. Basic Aerobic Class. B. Ball Game Training Camp. C. Adolescent Strength Shaping Class. D. Mental Fitness & Yoga Class. 【导语】应用文，介绍学校体育中心四门免费青少年课后健身课程的适配人群、 上课时间与注意事项。 答案解析: 1、B 细节题。原文“Suitable for beginners with little sports foundation”说明有氧基础课适合无运动基础新手；其余选项与原文须知相悖。 2、B 细节题。球类训练营须知明确要求学生自带运动鞋和防护护膝（protective knee pads）。 3、D 细节题。瑜伽心理健身课专门适合学业焦虑、睡眠不足的学生。 Passage 02 （26-27高一·浙江杭州·期中）Many teenagers fall into the trap of exercise addiction while pursuing a healthy figure. Exercise addiction is a behavioral disorder that people are forced to take excessive sports activities, ignoring physical tiredness and doctors’ advice. There are three typical signs of exercise addiction. First, addicts will feel guilty and anxious if they miss daily workout. They regard exercise as the only way to realize self-worth. Second, they insist on training even when suffering from sports injuries, which leads to chronic joint damage. Third, they sacrifice sleep, study time and social activities for long-hour training. Experts point out that exercise addiction brings huge hidden dangers to teenagers. Adolescent bones and organs are still developing; excessive exercise will hinder physical development and lower immune function. Besides, over-training causes mental obsession, affecting students’ normal study and interpersonal communication. To avoid exercise addiction, students must set clear and scientific fitness goals. The core of fitness is health rather than perfect figure. Arrange proper rest time and stop training once your body sends out tired signals. Most importantly, treat sports as a way of relaxing, not a mandatory daily task. 1. What is exercise addiction according to the text? A. A good living habit of keeping working out. B. A behavioral disorder of doing excessive sports. C. A training method to keep perfect figure. D. A mental disease causing sleep loss. 2. Which is a typical sign of exercise addiction? A. Stop exercising when feeling tired. B. Skip training for social activities. C. Feel anxious without daily exercise. D. Follow doctors’ advice strictly. 3. What harm will exercise addiction bring to teenagers? A. It improves students’ learning efficiency. B. It blocks adolescent physical growth. C. It strengthens body immunity. D. It helps form good study habits. 4. What is the key advice given by experts? A. Take exercise as a relaxing lifestyle. B. Spend more time on strict weight training. C. Pursue perfect body figure blindly. D. Never stop daily workout. 【导语】说明文，介绍青少年运动成瘾的定义、典型特征、身心危害及科学规避方法。 答案解析 1、B 定义理解题。文章开篇直接定义：运动成瘾是一种过度运动的行为障碍。 2、C 细节题。成瘾特征第一条：中断日常运动就会内疚焦虑；其余选项均是健康运动行为。 3、B 细节题。专家表明过度运动阻碍青少年身体发育、降低免疫力。 4、A 主旨题。文章尾段核心建议：把运动当作放松方式，而非强制性任务。 Passage 03 I used to be a shy and unconfident boy in senior high school. I was afraid to speak in public and dared not take part in collective activities. My PE teacher found my problem and advised me to start long-distance running. At first, running was extremely tough for me. I could only run 800 meters before feeling out of breath and exhausted. I wanted to give up during the first week of training. However, my teacher told me that sports never reward lazy people; persistence beats talent in physical training. I decided to stick to morning running every day no matter what the weather was like. Day by day, my physical quality improved obviously. I could finish 3000 meters smoothly without tiredness. More importantly, running changed my personality gradually. The process of overcoming physical exhaustion taught me to conquer inner fear. I began to take the initiative to communicate with classmates and join the school running team. Now I firmly believe that running is not merely a kind of sport. It shapes my body and polishes my willpower. The perseverance I gain from sports helps me overcome difficulties in my academic study as well. Never underestimate the power of long-term sports; it will change you both physically and mentally. 1. Why did the author start running? A. To take part in the school running race. B. To change his shy and unconfident personality. C. To win praise from his PE teacher. D. To pass the high school PE exam. 2. What was the author’s biggest difficulty at first? A. He had no time for morning running. B. He lacked sports shoes and equipment. C. He got tired easily and wanted to give up. D. The bad weather stopped his training. 3. What is the biggest change the author got from running? A. He became excellent in all school subjects. B. He built strong willpower and confidence. C. He became the best runner in his school. D. He made a large number of new friends. 4. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Running is the best sport for teenagers. B. Persistent sports change people’s body and mind. C. How to keep good academic performance. D. The way to overcome learning difficulties. 【导语】记叙文，作者讲述长跑帮助自己克服自卑、磨砺意志、实现身心双重成长的 个人经历。 答案解析： 1、B 细节题。老师发现作者性格内向自卑，建议通过跑步做出改变。 2、C 细节题。初期作者体能差，极易疲惫，多次想要放弃跑步。 3、B 细节题。跑步最大的收获不是体能提升，而是塑造意志力、变得自信外向。 4、B 主旨题。全文主旨：长期坚持体育运动，能够实现身心双重蜕变。 Passage 04 （25-26高一下·山东济南·期末） Sarah Williams was born with a congenital leg defect, which made it hard for her to walk normally. Most people told her that she could never take part in competitive sports. But Sarah fell in love with swimming at the age of 12. She refused to accept the judgement that she was not fit for sports. She started professional swimming training at a local disabled sports center. Compared with normal athletes, she paid twice more efforts for daily training. She got up at 5 a.m. for morning pool training every day and finished strength training after school. She suffered from muscle soreness and joint pain constantly, but she never complained or thought about quitting. Her persistence finally paid off. She won the bronze medal in the national paralympic swimming competition at 17. For Sarah, sports is more than medals and honors. “Sports teach me that physical disability can never limit my dream. The biggest enemy is not physical defect, but the weak mindset of admitting defeat easily,” Sarah said in an interview. Now Sarah works as a youth sports instructor. She encourages disabled teenagers to join sports activities to rebuild self-confidence. She wants to pass on the positive sports spirit to more young people. 1. What does the underlined word “congenital” in paragraph 1 mean? A. 后天的 B. 先天的 C. 轻微的 D. 临时的 2. What can we know about Sarah’s training? A. She had easier training tasks than normal athletes. B. She stuck to strict daily training with great pain. C. She gave up training because of physical pain. D. She only trained on weekends after school. 3. What does Sarah think is people’s biggest enemy? A. Physical disability. B. Difficult training tasks. C. Weak negative mentality. D. Fierce competitors. 4. What is Sarah’s present job? A. A professional swimmer. B. A sports news reporter. C. A PE teacher in high school. D. A youth sports instructor. 【导语】记叙文，讲述先天腿部缺陷的残奥会游泳运动员萨拉，凭借坚持突破身体局限， 传递体育正能量的故事。 答案解析： 1、B 词义猜测题。结合后文天生无法正常行走，可判断congenital意为“先天的”。 2、B 细节题。萨拉忍受身体疼痛，坚持高强度日常专业训练，从未放弃。 3、C 细节题。萨拉表示：最大的敌人不是身体缺陷，而是轻易认输的消极弱势心态。 4、D 细节题。原文明确说明她现在担任青少年体育指导员。 Passage 05 Scientific diet matching is as important as exercise for fitness lovers. Many teenagers make a common mistake: taking plenty of high-protein supplements immediately after high-intensity exercise, while ignoring daily balanced diet collocation. Nutritionists give clear targeted suggestions for adolescent students. First, do not take mass protein supplements blindly. Natural food such as eggs, milk, chicken and beans can provide enough protein for teenage body recovery. Extra supplements will increase the burden of liver and kidney. Second, supplement carbohydrates within one hour after moderate exercise. Carbohydrates can replenish consumed energy rapidly and prevent physical soreness the next day. Whole wheat bread, bananas and oat meal are the best low-fat carbohydrate sources for students. Third, drink water scientifically during and after exercise. Sip small amounts of water repeatedly during long-time training; do not drink plenty of icy water at one time, which will stimulate gastric mucosa and cause stomach disease. In short, natural daily diet is the best choice for student athletes. Expensive fitness supplements cannot replace natural healthy three meals. 1. What is the common mistake teenage fitness lovers make? A. Ignoring expensive fitness supplements. B. B. Blindly taking high-protein supplements. C. Eating enough natural fruit after exercise. D. Drinking water properly during training. 2. Why should students avoid extra protein supplements? A. They cost too much money. B. They taste terrible for teenagers. C. They increase organ burden. D. They have no nutritional value. 3. Which food is recommended to supplement carbohydrates? A. Bananas. B. Fried chicken. C. Ice cream. D. Red meat. 4. What is the passage mainly about? A. Various types of sports for teenagers. B. Scientific diet collocation for sports. C. Harm of junk food to students. D. Ways to drink water in daily life. 【导语】说明文，科普青少年运动后的科学饮食补给方案，纠正健身饮食常见误区。 答案解析： 1、B 细节题。青少年最常见误区：运动后盲目大量服用高蛋白补剂。 2、C 细节题。过量补剂会加重青少年肝肾代谢负担。 3、A 细节题。原文推荐香蕉、全麦面包、燕麦作为优质碳水来源。 4、B 主旨题。全文围绕运动健身配套科学饮食搭配展开科普。 Passage 06（七选五） How to Start Home Fitness for Beginners Home workout is convenient and time-saving for students who have no time to go to the gym. But many beginners give up home fitness quickly because of unscientific plans. 1 First, set clear and achievable small goals. Do not set unrealistic goals like losing 5kg in one week. 2 Small goal achievement can bring you continuous motivation to stick to training. Second, choose low-threshold sports suitable for indoor space. 3 Simple movements like body squats, wall sits and jumping jacks need no large space or expensive equipment. Third, arrange fixed workout time every day. 4 Forming a fixed sports biological clock is the key to sticking to long-term home fitness. Fourth, record your daily training data. Record training duration and physical feelings every day. You can clearly see your progress and correct wrong movement gestures in time. 5 A. Avoid intense outdoor sports indoors. B. B. Here are five practical tips for home fitness beginners. C. Make full use of gym equipment at home. D. Goals should be gradual and fit your physical condition. E. Never change your workout time randomly. F. F. Data recording helps you keep improving your fitness plan. G. It is difficult to stick to sports without equipment. 【导语】说明文，给健身新手提供五条居家科学健身实操建议。 答案：1.B 2.D 3.A 4.E 5.F 答案解析 1.B 总起衔接。前文点明新手居家健身容易放弃，下文分点给建议，B选项总领全文。 2.D 细节承接。前后讲解制定合理目标，D选项说明目标需要循序渐进、贴合自身体能。 3.A 过渡衔接。本段讲解室内运动选择，A选项点明室内禁止高强度剧烈运动。 4.E 语义承接。前文要求固定运动时间，E选项补充不要随意更改训练时间。 5.F 结尾总结。呼应前文训练数据记录，说明数据记录的优化作用。 Passage 07（七选五） The Social Value of Team Sports Nowadays, most teenagers prefer single sports such as running and yoga. They think team ball sports waste time and limit personal performance. 1 Team sports bring unique social and mental benefits that single sports cannot replace. 2 When playing basketball or volleyball, teenagers have to communicate with teammates actively to complete tactical cooperation. This helps shy students break social barriers and improve oral communication ability. Second, team sports cultivate students’ sense of collective honor and responsibility. 3 Every team member needs to make efforts for the whole team instead of only focusing on personal performance. Third, team sports teach teenagers to deal with competition and failure properly. Students will experience winning and losing in team matches. 4 They will learn to accept failure calmly and sum up experience together. To sum up, schools should encourage students to take part in various team sports. 5 Balance single sports and team sports for all-round physical and mental development. A. Firstly, team sports improve students’ social ability. B. Team sports are more popular among boys. C. But they ignore the value of group sports. D. A good team needs unified goals and joint efforts. E. It is easy for teenagers to get over excited after winning games. F. These experiences help build mature competitive mentality. G. Team sports can replace individual exercise completely. 【导语】夹叙夹议，阐述团队体育运动不可替代的社交、德育价值，倡导学生兼顾 个人与团体运动。 答案：1.C 2.A 3.D 4.F 5.B 逐空解析： 1.C 转折衔接。前文青少年偏爱单人运动、忽视团体运动，C选项转折引出团队运动独特价值。 2.A 分点总起。根据后文Second、Third，此处为第一条优点，总述团队运动提升社交能力。 3.D 语义支撑。解释团队责任感：团队需要统一目标和全员共同努力。 4.F 逻辑承接。输赢赛场经历，帮助学生建立成熟的竞争心态。 5.B 总结呼吁。承接前文学校鼓励团队运动，收尾给出运动选择建议。 二、完形填空 Cloze 08 （25-26高一下·湖北武汉·期末）I joined the school boys’ volleyball team at the beginning of senior one. At first, I joined the team only because I loved playing volleyball for fun. I never realized the true 1 of team sports until we took part in the city high school volleyball match. Our team had talented individual players, but we 2 lacked tacit cooperation. During early training, every player wanted to show personal skills on the court. We often argued over ball distribution and 3 followed the coach’s tactical arrangement. Our training effect was far 4 than other teams. Before the city match, our coach had an in-depth talk with us. He told us that volleyball was never a(n) 5 sport. Personal brilliance can never 6 team joint efforts. A strong team relies on 7 , not individual stars. We 8 our attitude from that day on. We stopped chasing personal performance and learned to 9 with teammates actively. We practiced passing and blocking skills repeatedly to build tacit understanding. We encouraged each other when meeting training 10 . During the city match, we met a strong competing team. We fell behind in the first two sets. Instead of 11 , we adjusted our rhythm and cooperated closely. Finally, we 12 the match with joint efforts. This match taught me a precious lesson. Sports is not only about winning medals. It 13 perseverance, teamwork and sense of responsibility. These sports 14 will guide me to cooperate with others and overcome 15 in my future study and life. 1．A. meaning B. method C. rule D. skill 2．A. totally B. slightly C. nearly D. simply 3．A. always B. often C. seldom D. usually 4．A. better B. worse C. faster D. slower 5．A. group B. team C. individual D. outdoor 6．A. replace B. influence C. attract D. improve 7．A. competition B. cooperation C. talent D. luck 8．A. changed B. kept C. forgot D. showed 9．A. compete B. communicate C. compare D. conflict 10．A. success B. awards C. difficulties D. happiness 11．A. cheering B. quarreling C. giving up D. holding on 12．A. lost B. won C. watched D. canceled 13．A. refuses B. requires C. avoids D. ignores 14．A. spirits B. results C. awards D. habits 15．A. money B. friends C. difficulties D. success 【答案】 1．A 2．A 3．C 4．B 5．C 6．A 7．B 8．A 9．B 10．C 11．C 12．B 13．B 14．A 15．C 【导语】记叙文，作者通过校排球队备赛、参赛的经历，领悟团队体育的核心：团队协作、责任担当与体育精神。 【核心解析】 1. 考查名词：我起初打球只为娱乐，不懂团队运动的真正内涵（meaning）。 7. 考查名词：强队依靠协作（cooperation），而非明星队员，全文高频主题词。 14. 考查名词：坚持、协作都是体育精神（sports spirits），单元话题核心短语。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $