Unit 1 复习讲义 2026-2027学年人教版英语九年级上册

该初中英语单元复习讲义以单元主题为核心，通过框架图系统梳理知识体系。UNIT 1围绕“变化”主题，将课文结构按“背景-过程-影响-结论”分层呈现，UNIT 2聚焦“榜样人物”，以“生平-贡献-精神”逻辑展开。重点词汇通过词族拓展表格呈现（如bring about的短语辨析及例句），语法部分用对比表格区分一般过去时与现在完成时的用法及时间状语，清晰展现知识内在联系与重难点分布。 讲义亮点在于“分层练习+文化渗透”的设计，助力语言能力与文化意识培养。词汇练习从基础填空（如用great的适当形式填空）到语境应用（完成句子“带来变化”），语法练习通过对比填空（如“visit”的一般过去时与现在完成时辨析）强化理解。中考题型专练（任务型阅读、词语运用）贴近实战，课文选取蒙内铁路、钟扬事迹等素材，渗透家国情怀与科学精神。方法指导包含词汇易错点（convenient主语不能是人）、语法使用规则（现在完成时不与具体过去时间连用），基础薄弱学生可掌握方法，优秀学生能深化应用，为教师精准教学和学生自主复习提供有力支持。

UNIT 1 / The Changing World Big Question: What brings about changes? 📖 课文梳理：On the Fast Track（加速前行） 主旨：讲述中国帮助肯尼亚修建蒙内铁路（Mombasa-Nairobi Railway）的故事，展现基础设施改善如何改变当地人的生活。 结构：①背景（旧铁路慢、路况差）→ ②新铁路建成（2017年，480公里，4小时）→ ③当地人受益（商人、政府工人、超市经理）→ ④结论（中肯友谊） Section B 写作范文：Changes in My Life — 学生对比小学与初中的生活变化（上学方式、住房、学习方式），点明"爱与幸福不变"。 bring abouttake placebenefitused topresent perfectsimple pasthighwayrailwayconvenient 📚 重点词汇（含词族拓展） Section A — Words Related to Changes bring about phr. v. 带来；引起 词族拓展： bring aboutphr.引起；带来（变化）The new policy brought about great changes. 新政策带来了巨大变化。 bring upphr.抚养；养育She was brought up by her grandparents. 她由祖父母抚养长大。 bring outphr.展现；使显现The challenge brought out the best in him. 挑战激发了他最好的一面。 bring downphr.降低；使落下The government tried to bring down prices. 政府试图降低物价。 用法讲解：bring about 后接变化类名词（changes, development, improvement），强调"导致某事发生"。同义表达：cause, lead to。 The new policy has brought about great changes. （新政策带来了巨大变化。） rough /rʌf/ adj. 粗糙的；不平的 词族拓展： roughlyadv.粗略地；大约There are roughly 200 students in the hall. 大厅里大约有200名学生。 smoothadj.平滑的；顺利的The road surface is very smooth. 路面非常平滑。 搭配：rough roads 崎岖的道路 / rough surface 粗糙的表面 / a rough idea 大致的想法 The roads were very rough in the past. （过去道路非常崎岖。） shortage /ˈʃɔːtɪdʒ/ n. 短缺；不足 词族拓展： shortadj.短的；短缺的Our water supply is short. 我们的供水不足。 shortenv.缩短Can you shorten this skirt for me? 你能帮我把这条裙子改短吗？ 用法讲解：shortage 常与 of 连用：a shortage of water（水资源短缺）。同义词：lack, deficiency。 government /ˈɡʌvənmənt/ n. 政府 词族拓展： governv.治理；管理He governed the country wisely for ten years. 他明智地治理了国家十年。 governorn.州长；总督The governor visited the flood-hit area. 州长视察了洪灾区。 用法讲解：the government 作主语时，谓语动词可用单数或复数（英式英语常复数，美式英语常单数）。 The government provided support for the project. （政府为该项目提供了支持。） high-tech /ˌhaɪˈtek/ adj. 高科技的 构词：high (高) + tech (technology 缩写) → high-tech (高科技的) technologyn.技术Modern technology makes life easier. 现代科技让生活更便利。 high-techadj.高科技的This is a high-tech company. 这是一家高科技公司。 Now I have large, high-tech greenhouses. （现在我有了大型高科技温室。） railway /ˈreɪlweɪ/ n. 铁路 构词：rail (铁轨) + way (道路) → railway (铁路)。美式英语常用 railroad。 railn.铁轨；栏杆He leaned against the rail of the bridge. 他靠在桥的栏杆上。 railroadn.铁路（美式）The railroad connects the two cities. 这条铁路连接了两座城市。 attraction /əˈtrækʃn/ n. 向往的地方；吸引力 词族拓展： attractv.吸引The concert attracted thousands of people. 音乐会吸引了成千上万的人。 attractiveadj.有吸引力的The offer is very attractive. 这个提议很有吸引力。 用法讲解：tourist attraction = 旅游景点。可数名词。 Our village has become a tourist attraction. （我们的村庄成了旅游景点。） benefit /ˈbenɪfɪt/ v. / n. v. 得益于；使受益；n. 优势；益处 词族拓展： beneficialadj.有益的Reading is beneficial to your mind. 阅读对你的心智有益。 benefit fromphr.从……中受益Many students benefit from online courses. 许多学生从网课中受益。 辨析：benefit sb.（使某人受益，sb.作宾语） vs. benefit from sth.（从某事中受益，sth.作宾语） Local Kenyans have benefited a lot from the new railway. （当地肯尼亚人从新铁路中受益匪浅。） convenient /kənˈviːniənt/ adj. 方便的；便利的 词族拓展： conveniencen.便利Online shopping offers great convenience. 网购提供了极大的便利。 convenientadj.方便的Is it convenient for you to meet tomorrow? 你明天方便见面吗？ convenientlyadv.方便地The hotel is conveniently located near the station. 酒店位于车站附近，很方便。 易错点：convenient 的主语不能是人。✅ It is convenient for me. ❌ I am convenient. It is very convenient and doesn't cost much money. （它非常方便，而且花费不多。） narrow /ˈnærəʊ/ adj. / v. adj. 狭窄的；v. 使变窄 词族拓展： wideadj.宽的The river is very wide at this point. 这条河在这里非常宽。 narrow downphr.缩小范围We need to narrow down the choices. 我们需要缩小选择范围。 narrowlyadv.勉强地He narrowly escaped the accident. 他勉强逃过了那场事故。 The roads were narrow in the past. Now they are wide. （过去道路很窄，现在变宽了。） product /ˈprɒdʌkt/ n. 产品；制品 词族拓展： productn.产品This product is very popular among young people. 这款产品在年轻人中很受欢迎。 productionn.生产The factory increased its production by 20%. 工厂将产量提高了20%。 productiveadj.多产的It was a very productive meeting. 这是一次很有成效的会议。 We sell local products to tourists. （我们向游客出售当地产品。） greatly /ˈɡreɪtli/ adv. 大大地；非常 词族拓展： greatlyadv.大大地；非常His English has greatly improved. 他的英语大大提高了。 greatnessn.伟大True greatness comes from humility. 真正的伟大源于谦逊。 用法：常修饰动词，表示程度。greatly improved = 大大改善了。 Have these changes greatly improved your lives? （这些变化大大改善了你们的生活吗？） digital /ˈdɪdʒɪtl/ adj. 电子的；数字的 搭配拓展： digital booksphr.电子书More people prefer reading digital books now. 现在更多人喜欢读电子书。 digital productsphr.数字产品Digital products have changed our lifestyle. 数字产品改变了我们的生活方式。 digital paymentphr.电子支付Digital payment is widely used in China. 电子支付在中国被广泛使用。 I also read some digital books on the computer. （我还在电脑上读了一些电子书。） ✏️ 词汇配套练习 📝 练习一：用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1 The new railway has ______ (great) improved local lives. 2 Our village has become a tourist ______ (attract). 3 It is very ______ (convenience) to travel by high-speed train. 4 Many ______ (product) are sold online to people all over China. 5 The roads used to be rough and ______ (narrow), but now they are wide. 📝 练习二：根据中文提示完成句子 1 The new policy has ______ ______（带来）great changes. 2 Local Kenyans have ______ ______（受益）the new railway. 3 We sell our products ______ ______（轻而易举地）. 4 The village has just built a new ______（高速公路）. 📝 练习三：单项选择 1 The high-speed railway makes it ______ for people to travel between cities. A. rough　B. convenient　C. narrow　D. difficult 2 Many tourists are attracted by the ______ of the small town. A. product　B. benefit　C. attraction　D. shortage 3 The new bridge ______ last year and has greatly improved local traffic. A. built　B. was built　C. has built　D. is building 4 People here have ______ a lot ______ the new technology. A. benefit; from　B. benefited; from　C. benefited; of　D. benefit; with 5 — ______ you ______ to the new museum? — Yes, I went there last Sunday. A. Did; go　B. Have; been　C. Have; gone　D. Do; go 💬 重点短语详解 bring about ① 引起；导致 ② 带来（变化等）。后接名词或动名词，常与 change, development 连用。 近义辨析：bring about 强调"导致结果"；bring up = 抚养；bring out = 展现。 The reform has brought about great changes. （改革带来了巨大变化。） be covered with 被……覆盖。后接名词，表示表面覆盖物。 易错点：be covered with = 被……覆盖（强调状态）；be covered by = 被……覆盖（强调动作执行者）。 The hills were covered with sand. （小山被沙子覆盖。） benefit from 从……中受益。from 后接名词或动名词。 结构：sb. benefit from sth. = sth. benefit sb. Students benefit from reading extensively. （学生从广泛阅读中受益。） with ease 轻而易举地；从容地。作状语，修饰动词。 同义：easily, without difficulty。反义：with difficulty。 He finished the task with ease. （他轻松完成了任务。） used to do sth. 过去常常做某事（现在不做了）。 辨析：used to do = 过去常常做；be used to doing = 习惯于做；be used to do = 被用来做。 Many young people used to work in big cities. （许多年轻人过去在大城市工作。） take place 发生；举行。不及物动词短语，无被动语态。 辨析：take place = 有计划地发生；happen = 偶然发生。 Great changes have taken place in the town. （小镇发生了巨大变化。） be happy with 对……感到满意。后接名词或代词。 同义：be satisfied with, be pleased with。 I'm very happy with the new railway. （我对新铁路非常满意。） ✏️ 短语巩固练习 📝 练习一：用方框中短语的适当形式填空 1 Great changes have ______ in my hometown over the years. 2 I ______ play in the fields when I was a child. 3 Everyone ______ the new library. 4 She passed the exam ______. 5 The new technology has ______ many job opportunities. 📝 练习二：单项选择 1 Great changes have ______ in our city since 2010. A. taken place　B. happened　C. broke out　D. took out 2 He ______ live in the countryside, but now he lives in the city. A. is used to　B. used to　C. was used to　D. uses to 3 The ground is ______ with white snow. A. covered by　B. covering with　C. covered with　D. cover by 4 I'm very ______ the result of the exam. A. happy with　B. satisfy with　C. pleased of　D. satisfying with 5 The new policy has ______ many improvements in education. A. brought out　B. brought up　C. brought about　D. brought in 📐 语法精讲：一般过去时 vs. 现在完成时 一、一般过去时（Simple Past Tense） 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示过去的时间状语连用。 构成：主语 + 动词过去式（-ed / 不规则变化） 注意：一般过去时强调动作发生在过去，与现在没有关系。 常用时间状语：yesterday, last week, in 2017, 20 years ago, when I was young 二、现在完成时（Present Perfect Tense） 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或表示从过去持续到现在的动作或状态。 构成：主语 + have/has + 过去分词（V-ed/不规则） 常用时间状语：already, yet, just, ever, never, for + 时间段, since + 时间点, so far, recently 三、两种时态对比 易错点：① 现在完成时不能与具体过去时间连用（❌ has done yesterday）。② for + 时间段，since + 时间点。③ already 用于肯定句，yet 用于否定/疑问句。 ✏️ 语法巩固练习 📝 练习一：用一般过去时或现在完成时填空 1 I ______ (visit) the museum last Sunday. 2 She ______ (not finish) her homework yet. 3 They ______ (live) here since 2015. 4 ______ you ever ______ (be) to Beijing? 5 The railway ______ (open) in 2017 and ______ (benefit) millions of people since then. 🔗 核心句式 used to do sth. — 过去常常做某事 Many young people used to work in big cities. 许多年轻人过去在大城市工作。 have/has + V-ed + since/for — 自从……以来已经…… Our village has just built a new hospital. 我们村刚建了一座新医院。 It takes sb. + 时间 + to do sth. — 花费某人多少时间做某事 It took 10 hours to get to Nairobi by train. 乘火车到内罗毕需要10小时。 It is + adj. + for sb. + to do sth. — 做某事对某人来说是……的 It is convenient for us to travel by high-speed train. 我们乘高铁出行很方便。 📝 综合训练 📝 练习一：单项选择 1 The old railway ______ in 1901. A. build　B. built　C. was built　D. has built 2 — ______ you ______ the new library yet? — Yes, I went there yesterday. A. Did; visit　B. Have; visited　C. Do; visit　D. Will; visit 3 Great changes ______ in the town over the last few years. A. take place　B. took place　C. have taken place　D. were taking place 4 It used to take 10 hours, but now it ______ only 4 hours. A. takes　B. took　C. has taken　D. is taking 📝 练习二：完形填空 The Mombasa-Nairobi railway was opened in 2017. Before then, the old trains 1 very slow. It 2 10 hours to travel between the two cities. With China's help, the new railway 3 the travel time to about 4 hours. Local Kenyans 4 a lot from it. A businessman said, "I 5 this train since 2017. It is very convenient." 1 A. are　B. were　C. have been　D. was 2 A. takes　B. took　C. has taken　D. is taking 3 A. cut　B. cuts　C. has cut　D. is cutting 4 A. benefit　B. benefited　C. have benefited　D. are benefiting 5 A. use　B. used　C. have used　D. will use 🏆 中考题型专练 📝 任务型阅读（中考题型） 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容回答问题。 The Mombasa-Nairobi railway was opened in 2017. It was built with China's help. The 480-kilometre railway has cut the travel time from 10 hours to 4 hours. Over two million people use it every year. Local people say it has greatly improved their lives. Food transport has also become easier. Before, it took hundreds of lorries to carry food. Now, only two or three trains are needed. 1 When was the new railway opened? 2 Who helped build the railway? 3 How long is the railway? 4 How many people use it every year? 5 What has become easier because of the railway? 📝 词语运用（选词填空，注意变形）（中考题型） 用方框中所给词的适当形式填空，使短文完整通顺。 great　build　convenient　benefit　product　change　take place Great 1.______ have taken place in our town. A new highway 2.______ last year. It is now very 3.______ to travel to the city. Local farmers sell their 4.______ online. Everyone has 5.______ from these changes. Our lives have been 6.______ improved. UNIT 2 / Inspiring People Big Question: Who inspires us? 📖 课文梳理：The Inspiring Seed Scientist（令人钦佩的种子科学家） 主旨：讲述复旦大学教授钟扬收集西藏种子、建设种子库的感人故事，展现他献身科学的精神。 结构：①钟扬去世的消息（2017年）→ ②种子库的作用 → ③早年经历（15岁上大学）→ ④西藏采种（2001年起）→ ⑤培养当地学生 → ⑥精神遗产 Section B 写作范文：Mozi — 介绍墨子（战国时期思想家），其"兼爱"思想对当今构建人类命运共同体的启示。 inspiringadmirecouragewisdomlook up tocome trueabove allleave behindlive on 📚 重点词汇（含词族拓展） Section A — Words Related to Professions inspiring /ɪnˈspaɪərɪŋ/ adj. 鼓舞人心的；激励的 词族拓展： inspirev.鼓舞；启发The teacher inspired us to work harder. 老师激励我们更加努力。 inspiringadj.令人鼓舞的Her speech was truly inspiring. 她的演讲确实令人振奋。 inspiredadj.受鼓舞的The team felt inspired after the talk. 谈话后团队感到备受鼓舞。 inspirationn.灵感；鼓舞人心的人Nature is a source of inspiration for artists. 大自然是艺术家的灵感源泉。 辨析：inspiring = 令人鼓舞的（修饰事物）；inspired = 受到鼓舞的（修饰人）。 Yuan Longping is an inspiring scientist. （袁隆平是一位鼓舞人心的科学家。） admire /ədˈmaɪə(r)/ v. 钦佩；赞赏 词族拓展： admirev.钦佩；欣赏I admire your courage to speak up. 我钦佩你开口的勇气。 admirableadj.令人钦佩的His dedication to work is admirable. 他对工作的奉献令人钦佩。 admirationn.钦佩；赞赏She looked at the painting with admiration. 她满怀赞赏地看着这幅画。 用法：admire sb. for sth. = 因某事钦佩某人。admire 后不能直接接 that 从句。 I admire him for his courage. （我钦佩他的勇气。） courage /ˈkʌrɪdʒ/ n. 勇气；勇敢 词族拓展： courageousadj.勇敢的He is a courageous leader who fears nothing. 他是一位无所畏惧的勇敢领袖。 encouragev.鼓励My parents always encourage me to try new things. 我的父母总是鼓励我尝试新事物。 discouragev.使气馁；阻止Don't let the failure discourage you. 不要让失败使你气馁。 搭配：have the courage to do sth. = 有勇气做某事 / take courage = 鼓起勇气 discovery /dɪˈskʌvəri/ n. 发现 词族拓展： discoverv.发现Scientists discovered a new species of frog. 科学家发现了一种新的青蛙物种。 discoveryn.发现The discovery of penicillin changed medicine. 青霉素的发现改变了医学。 discoverern.发现者Columbus is known as the discoverer of America. 哥伦布被称为美洲的发现者。 辨析：discover = 发现已存在的事物；invent = 发明不存在的事物。 Marie Curie made many important discoveries. （居里夫人做出了许多重要发现。） pioneer /ˌpaɪəˈnɪə(r)/ n. 先驱；先锋 搭配拓展： a pioneer inphr.某领域的先驱She is a pioneer in computer science. 她是计算机科学领域的先驱。 a pioneer ofphr.某事物的先驱He is a pioneer of modern education. 他是现代教育的先驱。 He was a pioneer in modern physics. （他是现代物理学的先驱。） wisdom /ˈwɪzdəm/ n. 智慧；学问 词族拓展： wiseadj.智慧的；明智的It is wise to save money for the future. 为将来存钱是明智的。 wisdomn.智慧Ancient wisdom still applies today. 古老的智慧至今仍然适用。 wiselyadv.明智地Choose your friends wisely. 明智地选择你的朋友。 brave /breɪv/ adj. / v. adj. 勇敢的；v. 勇敢面对 词族拓展： braveadj.勇敢的The brave soldier saved many lives. 那位勇敢的士兵救了许多人的命。 braveryn.勇敢He was awarded a medal for his bravery. 他因勇敢而获得了一枚奖章。 bravelyadv.勇敢地She bravely faced the difficult challenge. 她勇敢地面对了艰难的挑战。 It was very difficult for him to brave the cold weather. （他冒着严寒非常不容易。） scientific /ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk/ adj. 科学（上）的 词族拓展： scientificadj.科学的We need a scientific approach to the problem. 我们需要用科学的方法来解决这个问题。 scientistn.科学家The scientist spent years on the research. 这位科学家花了数年时间做这项研究。 biologistn.生物学家The biologist studies marine life. 这位生物学家研究海洋生物。 chemistn.化学家The chemist discovered a new compound. 化学家发现了一种新化合物。 The scientific world was shaken by the news. （科学界被这个消息震惊了。） seed /siːd/ n. 种子 搭配拓展： seed bankphr.种子库The seed bank preserves rare plant species. 种子库保存了稀有植物物种。 collect seedsphr.采集种子Scientists collect seeds from different regions. 科学家从不同地区采集种子。 plant seedsphr.播种Farmers plant seeds in spring. 农民在春天播种。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ UNIT 1 / The Changing World Big Question: What brings about changes? 📖 课文梳理：On the Fast Track（加速前行） 主旨：讲述中国帮助肯尼亚修建蒙内铁路（Mombasa-Nairobi Railway）的故事，展现基础设施改善如何改变当地人的生活。 结构：①背景（旧铁路慢、路况差）→ ②新铁路建成（2017年，480公里，4小时）→ ③当地人受益（商人、政府工人、超市经理）→ ④结论（中肯友谊） Section B 写作范文：Changes in My Life — 学生对比小学与初中的生活变化（上学方式、住房、学习方式），点明"爱与幸福不变"。 bring abouttake placebenefitused topresent perfectsimple pasthighwayrailwayconvenient 📚 重点词汇（含词族拓展） Section A — Words Related to Changes bring about phr. v. 带来；引起 词族拓展： bring aboutphr.引起；带来（变化）The new policy brought about great changes. 新政策带来了巨大变化。 bring upphr.抚养；养育She was brought up by her grandparents. 她由祖父母抚养长大。 bring outphr.展现；使显现The challenge brought out the best in him. 挑战激发了他最好的一面。 bring downphr.降低；使落下The government tried to bring down prices. 政府试图降低物价。 用法讲解：bring about 后接变化类名词（changes, development, improvement），强调"导致某事发生"。同义表达：cause, lead to。 The new policy has brought about great changes. （新政策带来了巨大变化。） rough /rʌf/ adj. 粗糙的；不平的 词族拓展： roughlyadv.粗略地；大约There are roughly 200 students in the hall. 大厅里大约有200名学生。 smoothadj.平滑的；顺利的The road surface is very smooth. 路面非常平滑。 搭配：rough roads 崎岖的道路 / rough surface 粗糙的表面 / a rough idea 大致的想法 The roads were very rough in the past. （过去道路非常崎岖。） shortage /ˈʃɔːtɪdʒ/ n. 短缺；不足 词族拓展： shortadj.短的；短缺的Our water supply is short. 我们的供水不足。 shortenv.缩短Can you shorten this skirt for me? 你能帮我把这条裙子改短吗？ 用法讲解：shortage 常与 of 连用：a shortage of water（水资源短缺）。同义词：lack, deficiency。 government /ˈɡʌvənmənt/ n. 政府 词族拓展： governv.治理；管理He governed the country wisely for ten years. 他明智地治理了国家十年。 governorn.州长；总督The governor visited the flood-hit area. 州长视察了洪灾区。 用法讲解：the government 作主语时，谓语动词可用单数或复数（英式英语常复数，美式英语常单数）。 The government provided support for the project. （政府为该项目提供了支持。） high-tech /ˌhaɪˈtek/ adj. 高科技的 构词：high (高) + tech (technology 缩写) → high-tech (高科技的) technologyn.技术Modern technology makes life easier. 现代科技让生活更便利。 high-techadj.高科技的This is a high-tech company. 这是一家高科技公司。 Now I have large, high-tech greenhouses. （现在我有了大型高科技温室。） railway /ˈreɪlweɪ/ n. 铁路 构词：rail (铁轨) + way (道路) → railway (铁路)。美式英语常用 railroad。 railn.铁轨；栏杆He leaned against the rail of the bridge. 他靠在桥的栏杆上。 railroadn.铁路（美式）The railroad connects the two cities. 这条铁路连接了两座城市。 attraction /əˈtrækʃn/ n. 向往的地方；吸引力 词族拓展： attractv.吸引The concert attracted thousands of people. 音乐会吸引了成千上万的人。 attractiveadj.有吸引力的The offer is very attractive. 这个提议很有吸引力。 用法讲解：tourist attraction = 旅游景点。可数名词。 Our village has become a tourist attraction. （我们的村庄成了旅游景点。） benefit /ˈbenɪfɪt/ v. / n. v. 得益于；使受益；n. 优势；益处 词族拓展： beneficialadj.有益的Reading is beneficial to your mind. 阅读对你的心智有益。 benefit fromphr.从……中受益Many students benefit from online courses. 许多学生从网课中受益。 辨析：benefit sb.（使某人受益，sb.作宾语） vs. benefit from sth.（从某事中受益，sth.作宾语） Local Kenyans have benefited a lot from the new railway. （当地肯尼亚人从新铁路中受益匪浅。） convenient /kənˈviːniənt/ adj. 方便的；便利的 词族拓展： conveniencen.便利Online shopping offers great convenience. 网购提供了极大的便利。 convenientadj.方便的Is it convenient for you to meet tomorrow? 你明天方便见面吗？ convenientlyadv.方便地The hotel is conveniently located near the station. 酒店位于车站附近，很方便。 易错点：convenient 的主语不能是人。✅ It is convenient for me. ❌ I am convenient. It is very convenient and doesn't cost much money. （它非常方便，而且花费不多。） narrow /ˈnærəʊ/ adj. / v. adj. 狭窄的；v. 使变窄 词族拓展： wideadj.宽的The river is very wide at this point. 这条河在这里非常宽。 narrow downphr.缩小范围We need to narrow down the choices. 我们需要缩小选择范围。 narrowlyadv.勉强地He narrowly escaped the accident. 他勉强逃过了那场事故。 The roads were narrow in the past. Now they are wide. （过去道路很窄，现在变宽了。） product /ˈprɒdʌkt/ n. 产品；制品 词族拓展： productn.产品This product is very popular among young people. 这款产品在年轻人中很受欢迎。 productionn.生产The factory increased its production by 20%. 工厂将产量提高了20%。 productiveadj.多产的It was a very productive meeting. 这是一次很有成效的会议。 We sell local products to tourists. （我们向游客出售当地产品。） greatly /ˈɡreɪtli/ adv. 大大地；非常 词族拓展： greatlyadv.大大地；非常His English has greatly improved. 他的英语大大提高了。 greatnessn.伟大True greatness comes from humility. 真正的伟大源于谦逊。 用法：常修饰动词，表示程度。greatly improved = 大大改善了。 Have these changes greatly improved your lives? （这些变化大大改善了你们的生活吗？） digital /ˈdɪdʒɪtl/ adj. 电子的；数字的 搭配拓展： digital booksphr.电子书More people prefer reading digital books now. 现在更多人喜欢读电子书。 digital productsphr.数字产品Digital products have changed our lifestyle. 数字产品改变了我们的生活方式。 digital paymentphr.电子支付Digital payment is widely used in China. 电子支付在中国被广泛使用。 I also read some digital books on the computer. （我还在电脑上读了一些电子书。） ✏️ 词汇配套练习 📝 练习一：用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1 The new railway has ______ (great) improved local lives. 2 Our village has become a tourist ______ (attract). 3 It is very ______ (convenience) to travel by high-speed train. 4 Many ______ (product) are sold online to people all over China. 5 The roads used to be rough and ______ (narrow), but now they are wide. 【参考答案】 1. greatly（副词修饰动词）2. attraction（become a tourist attraction 成为景点）3. convenient（it is convenient 方便的）4. products（可数名词复数）5. narrow（and连接两个形容词） 📝 练习二：根据中文提示完成句子 1 The new policy has ______ ______（带来）great changes. 2 Local Kenyans have ______ ______（受益）the new railway. 3 We sell our products ______ ______（轻而易举地）. 4 The village has just built a new ______（高速公路）. 【参考答案】 1. brought about2. benefited from3. with ease4. highway 📝 练习三：单项选择 1 The high-speed railway makes it ______ for people to travel between cities. A. rough　B. convenient　C. narrow　D. difficult 2 Many tourists are attracted by the ______ of the small town. A. product　B. benefit　C. attraction　D. shortage 3 The new bridge ______ last year and has greatly improved local traffic. A. built　B. was built　C. has built　D. is building 4 People here have ______ a lot ______ the new technology. A. benefit; from　B. benefited; from　C. benefited; of　D. benefit; with 5 — ______ you ______ to the new museum? — Yes, I went there last Sunday. A. Did; go　B. Have; been　C. Have; gone　D. Do; go 【参考答案】 1. B（convenient 方便的）2. C（attraction 吸引力/景点）3. B（was built 被动，last year 过去时）4. B（benefited from 现在完成时）5. B（Have been to 去过某地） 💬 重点短语详解 bring about ① 引起；导致 ② 带来（变化等）。后接名词或动名词，常与 change, development 连用。 近义辨析：bring about 强调"导致结果"；bring up = 抚养；bring out = 展现。 The reform has brought about great changes. （改革带来了巨大变化。） be covered with 被……覆盖。后接名词，表示表面覆盖物。 易错点：be covered with = 被……覆盖（强调状态）；be covered by = 被……覆盖（强调动作执行者）。 The hills were covered with sand. （小山被沙子覆盖。） benefit from 从……中受益。from 后接名词或动名词。 结构：sb. benefit from sth. = sth. benefit sb. Students benefit from reading extensively. （学生从广泛阅读中受益。） with ease 轻而易举地；从容地。作状语，修饰动词。 同义：easily, without difficulty。反义：with difficulty。 He finished the task with ease. （他轻松完成了任务。） used to do sth. 过去常常做某事（现在不做了）。 辨析：used to do = 过去常常做；be used to doing = 习惯于做；be used to do = 被用来做。 Many young people used to work in big cities. （许多年轻人过去在大城市工作。） take place 发生；举行。不及物动词短语，无被动语态。 辨析：take place = 有计划地发生；happen = 偶然发生。 Great changes have taken place in the town. （小镇发生了巨大变化。） be happy with 对……感到满意。后接名词或代词。 同义：be satisfied with, be pleased with。 I'm very happy with the new railway. （我对新铁路非常满意。） ✏️ 短语巩固练习 📝 练习一：用方框中短语的适当形式填空 1 Great changes have ______ in my hometown over the years. 2 I ______ play in the fields when I was a child. 3 Everyone ______ the new library. 4 She passed the exam ______. 5 The new technology has ______ many job opportunities. 【参考答案】 1. taken place2. used to3. is happy with4. with ease5. brought about 📝 练习二：单项选择 1 Great changes have ______ in our city since 2010. A. taken place　B. happened　C. broke out　D. took out 2 He ______ live in the countryside, but now he lives in the city. A. is used to　B. used to　C. was used to　D. uses to 3 The ground is ______ with white snow. A. covered by　B. covering with　C. covered with　D. cover by 4 I'm very ______ the result of the exam. A. happy with　B. satisfy with　C. pleased of　D. satisfying with 5 The new policy has ______ many improvements in education. A. brought out　B. brought up　C. brought about　D. brought in 【参考答案】 1. A（take place 有计划地发生/举行）2. B（used to do 过去常常）3. C（be covered with 状态）4. A（be happy with 对…满意）5. C（bring about 带来变化） 📐 语法精讲：一般过去时 vs. 现在完成时 一、一般过去时（Simple Past Tense） 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示过去的时间状语连用。 构成：主语 + 动词过去式（-ed / 不规则变化） 注意：一般过去时强调动作发生在过去，与现在没有关系。 常用时间状语：yesterday, last week, in 2017, 20 years ago, when I was young 二、现在完成时（Present Perfect Tense） 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或表示从过去持续到现在的动作或状态。 构成：主语 + have/has + 过去分词（V-ed/不规则） 常用时间状语：already, yet, just, ever, never, for + 时间段, since + 时间点, so far, recently 三、两种时态对比 易错点：① 现在完成时不能与具体过去时间连用（❌ has done yesterday）。② for + 时间段，since + 时间点。③ already 用于肯定句，yet 用于否定/疑问句。 ✏️ 语法巩固练习 📝 练习一：用一般过去时或现在完成时填空 1 I ______ (visit) the museum last Sunday. 2 She ______ (not finish) her homework yet. 3 They ______ (live) here since 2015. 4 ______ you ever ______ (be) to Beijing? 5 The railway ______ (open) in 2017 and ______ (benefit) millions of people since then. 【参考答案】 1. visited（last Sunday 过去时间）2. hasn't finished（yet 用于现在完成时否定句）3. have lived（since 2015 搭配现在完成时）4. Have; been（ever 搭配现在完成时）5. opened; has benefited（opened 过去时表过去事件；has benefited 现在完成时表持续影响） 🔗 核心句式 used to do sth. — 过去常常做某事 Many young people used to work in big cities. 许多年轻人过去在大城市工作。 have/has + V-ed + since/for — 自从……以来已经…… Our village has just built a new hospital. 我们村刚建了一座新医院。 It takes sb. + 时间 + to do sth. — 花费某人多少时间做某事 It took 10 hours to get to Nairobi by train. 乘火车到内罗毕需要10小时。 It is + adj. + for sb. + to do sth. — 做某事对某人来说是……的 It is convenient for us to travel by high-speed train. 我们乘高铁出行很方便。 📝 综合训练 📝 练习一：单项选择 1 The old railway ______ in 1901. A. build　B. built　C. was built　D. has built 2 — ______ you ______ the new library yet? — Yes, I went there yesterday. A. Did; visit　B. Have; visited　C. Do; visit　D. Will; visit 3 Great changes ______ in the town over the last few years. A. take place　B. took place　C. have taken place　D. were taking place 4 It used to take 10 hours, but now it ______ only 4 hours. A. takes　B. took　C. has taken　D. is taking 【参考答案】 1. C（was built 被动语态，过去时）2. B（yet 搭配现在完成时）3. C（over the last few years 搭配现在完成时）4. A（now 搭配一般现在时） 📝 练习二：完形填空 The Mombasa-Nairobi railway was opened in 2017. Before then, the old trains 1 very slow. It 2 10 hours to travel between the two cities. With China's help, the new railway 3 the travel time to about 4 hours. Local Kenyans 4 a lot from it. A businessman said, "I 5 this train since 2017. It is very convenient." 1 A. are　B. were　C. have been　D. was 2 A. takes　B. took　C. has taken　D. is taking 3 A. cut　B. cuts　C. has cut　D. is cutting 4 A. benefit　B. benefited　C. have benefited　D. are benefiting 5 A. use　B. used　C. have used　D. will use 【参考答案】 1. B（were 过去时）2. B（took 过去时）3. C（has cut 现在完成时，强调结果）4. C（have benefited 现在完成时，强调持续受益）5. C（have used since 2017 搭配现在完成时） 🏆 中考题型专练 📝 任务型阅读（中考题型） 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容回答问题。 The Mombasa-Nairobi railway was opened in 2017. It was built with China's help. The 480-kilometre railway has cut the travel time from 10 hours to 4 hours. Over two million people use it every year. Local people say it has greatly improved their lives. Food transport has also become easier. Before, it took hundreds of lorries to carry food. Now, only two or three trains are needed. 1 When was the new railway opened? 2 Who helped build the railway? 3 How long is the railway? 4 How many people use it every year? 5 What has become easier because of the railway? 【参考答案】 1. In 2017.2. China (helped build it).3. 480 kilometres.4. Over two million people.5. Food transport. 📝 词语运用（选词填空，注意变形）（中考题型） 用方框中所给词的适当形式填空，使短文完整通顺。 great　build　convenient　benefit　product　change　take place Great 1.______ have taken place in our town. A new highway 2.______ last year. It is now very 3.______ to travel to the city. Local farmers sell their 4.______ online. Everyone has 5.______ from these changes. Our lives have been 6.______ improved. 【参考答案】 1. changes2. was built3. convenient4. products5. benefited6. greatly UNIT 2 / Inspiring People Big Question: Who inspires us? 📖 课文梳理：The Inspiring Seed Scientist（令人钦佩的种子科学家） 主旨：讲述复旦大学教授钟扬收集西藏种子、建设种子库的感人故事，展现他献身科学的精神。 结构：①钟扬去世的消息（2017年）→ ②种子库的作用 → ③早年经历（15岁上大学）→ ④西藏采种（2001年起）→ ⑤培养当地学生 → ⑥精神遗产 Section B 写作范文：Mozi — 介绍墨子（战国时期思想家），其"兼爱"思想对当今构建人类命运共同体的启示。 inspiringadmirecouragewisdomlook up tocome trueabove allleave behindlive on 📚 重点词汇（含词族拓展） Section A — Words Related to Professions inspiring /ɪnˈspaɪərɪŋ/ adj. 鼓舞人心的；激励的 词族拓展： inspirev.鼓舞；启发The teacher inspired us to work harder. 老师激励我们更加努力。 inspiringadj.令人鼓舞的Her speech was truly inspiring. 她的演讲确实令人振奋。 inspiredadj.受鼓舞的The team felt inspired after the talk. 谈话后团队感到备受鼓舞。 inspirationn.灵感；鼓舞人心的人Nature is a source of inspiration for artists. 大自然是艺术家的灵感源泉。 辨析：inspiring = 令人鼓舞的（修饰事物）；inspired = 受到鼓舞的（修饰人）。 Yuan Longping is an inspiring scientist. （袁隆平是一位鼓舞人心的科学家。） admire /ədˈmaɪə(r)/ v. 钦佩；赞赏 词族拓展： admirev.钦佩；欣赏I admire your courage to speak up. 我钦佩你开口的勇气。 admirableadj.令人钦佩的His dedication to work is admirable. 他对工作的奉献令人钦佩。 admirationn.钦佩；赞赏She looked at the painting with admiration. 她满怀赞赏地看着这幅画。 用法：admire sb. for sth. = 因某事钦佩某人。admire 后不能直接接 that 从句。 I admire him for his courage. （我钦佩他的勇气。） courage /ˈkʌrɪdʒ/ n. 勇气；勇敢 词族拓展： courageousadj.勇敢的He is a courageous leader who fears nothing. 他是一位无所畏惧的勇敢领袖。 encouragev.鼓励My parents always encourage me to try new things. 我的父母总是鼓励我尝试新事物。 discouragev.使气馁；阻止Don't let the failure discourage you. 不要让失败使你气馁。 搭配：have the courage to do sth. = 有勇气做某事 / take courage = 鼓起勇气 discovery /dɪˈskʌvəri/ n. 发现 词族拓展： discoverv.发现Scientists discovered a new species of frog. 科学家发现了一种新的青蛙物种。 discoveryn.发现The discovery of penicillin changed medicine. 青霉素的发现改变了医学。 discoverern.发现者Columbus is known as the discoverer of America. 哥伦布被称为美洲的发现者。 辨析：discover = 发现已存在的事物；invent = 发明不存在的事物。 Marie Curie made many important discoveries. （居里夫人做出了许多重要发现。） pioneer /ˌpaɪəˈnɪə(r)/ n. 先驱；先锋 搭配拓展： a pioneer inphr.某领域的先驱She is a pioneer in computer science. 她是计算机科学领域的先驱。 a pioneer ofphr.某事物的先驱He is a pioneer of modern education. 他是现代教育的先驱。 He was a pioneer in modern physics. （他是现代物理学的先驱。） wisdom /ˈwɪzdəm/ n. 智慧；学问 词族拓展： wiseadj.智慧的；明智的It is wise to save money for the future. 为将来存钱是明智的。 wisdomn.智慧Ancient wisdom still applies today. 古老的智慧至今仍然适用。 wiselyadv.明智地Choose your friends wisely. 明智地选择你的朋友。 brave /breɪv/ adj. / v. adj. 勇敢的；v. 勇敢面对 词族拓展： braveadj.勇敢的The brave soldier saved many lives. 那位勇敢的士兵救了许多人的命。 braveryn.勇敢He was awarded a medal for his bravery. 他因勇敢而获得了一枚奖章。 bravelyadv.勇敢地She bravely faced the difficult challenge. 她勇敢地面对了艰难的挑战。 It was very difficult for him to brave the cold weather. （他冒着严寒非常不容易。） scientific /ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk/ adj. 科学（上）的 词族拓展： scientificadj.科学的We need a scientific approach to the problem. 我们需要用科学的方法来解决这个问题。 scientistn.科学家The scientist spent years on the research. 这位科学家花了数年时间做这项研究。 biologistn.生物学家The biologist studies marine life. 这位生物学家研究海洋生物。 chemistn.化学家The chemist discovered a new compound. 化学家发现了一种新化合物。 The scientific world was shaken by the news. （科学界被这个消息震惊了。） seed /siːd/ n. 种子 搭配拓展： seed bankphr.种子库The seed bank preserves rare plant species. 种子库保存了稀有植物物种。 collect seedsphr.采集种子Scientists collect seeds from different regions. 科学家从不同地区采集种子。 plant seedsphr.播种Farmers plant seeds in spring. 农民在春天播种。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $