专题十四 阅读理解-【备战高考】备战2027高考英语母题题源同步练

有力地；irregularly不规则地；slowly缓慢地，慢腾腾地。此 处指“小老鼠意识到危险，心几乎要从嗓子眼跳出来了”。 Il.A escaped逃脱；seized抓住；rubbed擦，摩擦； scratched擦，刮。此处指“小老鼠很幸运地逃脱了猫的爪子”。 12.C呼应第一段中房子空闲了很长时间，所以要搬 进来一个新的家庭。 l3.A celebrate with和…一起庆祝；communicate with与…联系，与…交往；compete with与…抗争； compromise with向（某人）妥协。此处指“祖母来和他一块 庆祝圣诞节”。 14.D come up上来；come across偶遇，偶然发现； come from来自某处：come off举行，表现。此处指一辆小汽 车朝这个房子开来。 15.A房子里搬来一家住户，还有好多食物。小老鼠 感到房子里充满生机。 16.B enjoyed享有，享受；counted计算，计数，清点； missed错过（机会），思念；wasted徒劳，（使）损耗。此处指 房间里有了生气，小老鼠享受着每时每刻。 17.A在小老鼠享受快乐的时候，意外地听到一个消 息，有只猫要来了。However在这里表转折。 18.D小老鼠在喝热巧克力的时候，脸上当然有满意 的笑容。satisfied满意的，满足的；bitter苦的；forced被迫 的，强迫的；polite有礼貌的。 19.B discussion讨论，谈论；introduction介绍； comment评论，注释；debate辩论，争论。此处指小老鼠听到 孩子们的讨论。 20.B听到有猫要住进来的消息，他喝热巧克力时满 足的笑容優住了。 Cloze 2 【语篇解读】本文叙述了给孩子们分班教学的好处和 坏处。 1.CA项“原则”，B项“理论”，C项“论，点，论据”，D项 “分类”。根据上句“It has been argued..”可知C项符合 句意。 2.C根据文章最后一段“…and lose interest in learn- ing”可知，C项learning符合题意。A项为“设计”，B项为 “分组”，D项为“生活”。 3.D根据远项可知，此题考查的是形容词辨析。A项 为“聪明的”，B项为“好奇的”，C项为“成熟的”，D项为“一殷 的，平均的”，根据上文“in regular classes'”可知D项符合 句意。 ·7 4.BA项“有规律的”，B项“特殊的”，C项“小的”，D 项“有创造性的”，根据第一句话“in special classes”可知B 项符合句意。 5.A很据远项知，此题考查的是名词辨析。句意：把 这些孩子从普通班挑出来可能会造成严重问题。故A项符 合句意。 6.AA项“聪明的”，B项“有能力的”，C项“平凡的，普 通的”，D项“独立的”，根据句意可知A项符合题意。 7.B根据第二段中“regular classes”及本句句意“许多 聪明的孩子都被从特殊班中挑远出来，放到了普通班里”可 知B项符合。A项为“独立的，分散的”，C项为“新的”，D项 为“无聊的”。 8.D根据句意知D项heavily'“严重地”符合句意，A项 为“特殊地”，B项为“轻微地”，C项为“错误地”。 9,C裉据远项知本题考查的是副词辨析。A.直接地： B.聪明地；C.自愿地；D.迅速的。C项符合原文语境。 I0.B根据文章最后一段第四行“top students do feel bored in class..”可知此空应填bored“厌烦的”，故B项符合 语境。 11.A根据远项知本题考查的是名词辨析。A项为 “关心”，B项为“总结，结论”，C项为“反映”，D项为“兴趣”。 此空与前文“Many are concerned that gifted...is learning.”对 应。故A项正确。 12.B根据文章最后一段“from parents and teachers.”可知B项adults“成年人”指父母和老师，符合 句意。 13.A根据本句中“that special classes should be,,”可 知此处应指的是有天赋的学生，故A项符合句意。 l4.D根据此句前半句“Some top students do feel bored in class'”可知D项为正确选项。 15.C根据前一句“that to be bored is to be anxious'”, 可知此处应选C.担心的，忧虑的。A项“突出的”，B项“聪 明的”，D项“平凡的”。 第三模块 阅读理解 专题十四阅读理解 十年高考母题原型训练 A组 题源1阅读篇目题材形式特征 Passage 1 【语篇解读】本文为记叙文，讲诉作者渴望得到一枚有 图章的戒指，但不小心丢失，在多年后奇迹殷地找回的故事。 1.A词义猜测题。根据后文的句子：每个女孩都有的 东西，应该是“时尚的”，故远A。 2.D细节理解题。计算题：根据第一段可知作者13 岁时，母亲给了她戒指做礼物，从第三段可知两年后，作者家 卖了房子，搬走了，从第五段内容可知在13年后作者又得到 了这枚丢失的戒指，这时作者应该是28岁，故选D。 3.A细节理解题。根据第四段第一句可知作者搬家 几次，句中的a couple of与A项的several意义相同，故 选A。 4.B主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了作者的戒指失而 复得的故事，故远B。 Passage 2 【语篇解读】本文为记叙文，故事类阅读理解。文章讲 诉作者受到别人帮助之后，也加入到了帮助他人的行列。作 者感到付出会得到美好的结果。 1.D细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句，可知答案 为D。 2.A细节理解题。很据第二段最后一句可知答案 为A。 3.D细节理解题。很据第三段第二句和第三句确定 答案为D。 4.A主旨大意题。文章主要告诉读者在生活中付出 会收获美好的结果，故远A。 Passage 3 【语篇解读】本文是一则广告，强调的是这种硬币的收 藏价值很高，希望顾客购买。 1.A事实细节题。根据第一和第二部分high-grade 字样，说明作者想强调的是这种硬币收藏价值很高，故选A。 2.C事实细节题。从文章的价格部分可知，5一9枚是 每个$38.46，加上邮寄费$10，共计$240.7，故选C。 3.B事实细节题。根据For fastest service,.call toll-一 free24 hours a day可知广告建议人们通过电话购买，故 选B。 Passage 4 【语篇解读】本文介绍了一个青年激励计划，主要目的 是指导学生适应社会的变化，其中的论坛可以让年轻人在日 益变化的社会中起积极的作用，很多学生在活动中取得很大 进步。 1.C细节理解题。根据文章第三段，可知这个青年激 励计划是为了给年轻人一些独特的经验。故远C。 2.D细节理解题。很据第五段第一句，可知学校不能 。7 给学生这方面的指导，主要是因为缺钱，故远D。 3.D细节理解题。根据倒数第三段，可知这个论坛的 目的是为了让年轻人在日益变化的政治和公众生活中起积 极的作用，故远D。 4.B细节理解题。根据倒数第二段，可知Kieran在自 信，社交能力和学习方面都取得了很大进步，是进步最大的 学生，故远B。 5.B主旨大意题。根据第一段可知这个导师制的计 划是为了让年轻人发现充满机遇的世界，故远B。 Passage 5 1.B细节理解题。很据第一行Doctors are known to be terrible pilots.They don't listen because they already know it all.可知，作者总体上认为doctors不喜欢倾听，他们 认为他们什么都懂，故选B。 2.A细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，作者在 经历了一次飞行给上级提出了意见之后，对CRM有了更深 的理解，故选A。 3.D细节理解题。根据第二段的We need to put the landing gear down now可知，作者提出的降下起落架的建 议，使飞机安全着陆；keep sb.from doing阻止某人做某事， 这里用的是landing gear up,是相反的情况，言外之意，作者 希望有人能够勇敢提出意见，以避免发生危险的事情。画线 部分指的是危险的事情，故远D。 4.B主旨大意题。作者通过当飞行员的经历，学到了 CRM,并运用到自己的工作中，文章主要讲的是CRM带给 作者的好处，B项“飞行使我成为一个更好的医生”符合题 意，故远B。 Passage 6 1.B细节理解题。根据Gift No.1第一行()ffer to be your mother's health friend.Promise to be there for any and all doctor's visits可知，当妈妈去看医生的时候，要陪伴在她 身边，故远B。 2.A细节理解题。根据Gift No.2的Having all this information in one place could end up saving your mother's life可知，故选A。 3.C细节理解题。根据Gife No.3中Buy your mother cotton sheets and comfortable pillows to encourage better sleep可知答案为C。 4.D细节理解题。根据Presents for Purpose定位到 Gift No.4,根据最后一句When your mother gets the gift, she will be told that she has helped the chosen charity可知， 在Presents for Purpose等公司买礼物，能够做慈善事业帮助 他人。故选D。 。 Passage 7 1.B事实细节题。由文章中第三段中的句子“te Birkys were dissatisfied with the often unhealthy meals they served there”可知B项为正确选项。 2.A事实细节题。本题考查的是学生对各个远项与 文中信息对应的能力，通过四个选项的比较只有A项与原文 的信息对应是正确的。 3.B推理判断题。通过对整篇文章的通读，尤其是最 后一段作者极力颂扬了经营这样一家咖啡店的好处。 Passage 8 1.C主旨大意题。本题主要是考查学生对于段落的概 括总结能力，第一段主要讲述了shrilk的主要特点，所以C 项为正确远项。 2.A事实细节题。由第二段中的句子“plastic's very durability is raising questions about how appropriate it is for one-time,.”可知人们关心的是如何正确运用plastic,所以A 为正确远项。 3.D事实细节题。由文章中的第四段中的句子“shrilk has great potential,the inventors said...to living plants" 知D项为正确远项。 4.B事实细节题。由文章倒数第一段的第一句话 "Work on shrilk is continuing in the lab...said the material becomes flexible when wet”可知B项为正确选项。 5.D主旨大意题。本篇文章主要讲述的是对塑料制 品的新研究，所以D项为正确选项。 Passage 9 l.C事实细节题。由文章第一段中“Expecting a whole day to relax..”可知，答案为C选项。 2.B事实细节题。由文章第四段中“，but closer ex- amination showed that he was eating apple jam straight from the bottle with his hands.”可知，答案为B选项。 3.C推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，Brd发现管理 他的孩子们很难，因而给日托所打了电话。 4.D主旨大意题。根据文章可知，作者明确在这天的 确切时间点发生了什么事情，因此可知，本文是按时间顺序 写的。 Passage 10 1.C根据Spouse/Partner部分中的第二行可以得知， 人们最想留在荒岛上的是spouse/,partner,.在原文中可以找 到，因此选择C。 2.B根据原文中第6行可知，George Clooney没说会 开设野外生存训练，排除A,而C、D文中并没有提及，排除法 得知远B。 。7 3.A文章中说对16个国家进行调查，因此一定会问 nationality,根据Dog的部分中older than45,也一定会问 age,再根据American men可知，一定会回答sexo Passage 11 1.B事实细节题。由文章中第一段的句子“()ften, these nests are high up in trees,and it is difficult to find them.”可知B项为正确远项。 2.C猜测词意题。the follower代指上文提到的the curious animals or person两个词是同义替换，因此C项为正 确远项。 3.A事实细节题。由文章中的第二段可知honey guide在路上就能够得到自己的食物，所以A项为正确远项。 4.D主旨大意题。通读全篇文章可以得到整篇文章 讲述的都是honey guide如何帮助人们得到honey,所以D项 为正确远项。 Passage 12 L,D在第一段中提到Salinger,在第一段末有 (Random House),因此远D。 2.D根据文章中的最后一句斜体字，可知答案在最后 一段中“Do you like to watch your kids having fun?”可知 远D。 3.C据Short Stories可知远C。 4.A根据Mystery可知选A。 Passage 13 1.B裉据第一句话，it's shared values,可知远B。 2.A根据Do you speak Canadian?可知选A。 3.D根据图表显示可知India的values与language数 据相同，故远D。 Passage 14 1.B主旨大意题。由文章内容可知，本文的写作意图 可能是给其他国家警告。 2.C事实细节题。由文章内容可知，C项为正确答案。 3.B事实细节题。由文章第四、五段中“In fact it found that the island of Nauru was nearly...look like the moon.”可知。 4.A事实细节题。由文章最后一段可知，导致Nauru 财政出现问题的原因是它的领导者对线的使用不当。 5.A推理判断题。由文章最后一段可知，环境的损坏 很难去修复。 Passage 15 1.C细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句话“For years March has studied how humans think and act,and he continues to do so in his new book The Ambiguties of Expe- rience'”可知James March是一个研究者，C正确。 2.A细节理解题。文章第二段中“He begins by re minding us of just how firmly we have been sticking to the i- dea of experiential learning...The problem is that learning from experience involves serious complications..”可知人们 过高估价了经验，A正确。 3.B推理判断题。根据文章第三段第2句话“1nour efforts to make stories interesting,he argues,we lose part of the complicated truth of things..”可知，有趣的故事不能完 全揭示真相。B正确。 4.A推理判断题。文章第一段通过一个引言引出文 章的关键人物James March以及新书The Ambiguties of Experience,紧接着介绍该书的内容，文章末段再次对该书 作出评论“Though the book is short,it is demanding;Don't pick it up looking for quick,easy lessons.Rather,be ready to think deeply about learning from experience in work and 1ife.”可推出，本文的写作目的是介绍一本书。A正确。 Passage 16 【语篇解读】本文叙述了一家小镇上规模不大，但口味 独特的餐馆，很受欢迎。 1.B事实细节题。根据第一段中“.but once the pleasant smells of kabob hit the senses,you are incapable of calling it anything less..”可知。 2.A事实细节题。根据第五段“.sitting in the corner talking loudly about world topics,watching news events on TV,drinking a black tea known as Persian chai,and reading local Persian newspapers..”可排除B、C,D。 3.D事实细节题。根据第七段可知“because each dish is very healthy.”第六段可知食物种类少，分量足，价格 实急，故排除A、B、C。 4.B事实细节题。根据倒数第二段“which is made of grilled chicken pieces served with either rice or bread." 可知。 5.C推理判断题。根据最后一段推断出C为正确答 案，依据第三段和最后一段可得餐馆规模小；根据第四段可 得餐馆地点偏僻；根据第五段可知餮馆里很吵阁。故排除 A、B、D。 Passage 17 【语篇解读】这是一篇广告题材的文章，通过广告形式 鼓励更多学生加入电影院会员。 L.A事实细节题。根据文章首句“Cambridge Arts Cinema is one of the art houses in Britain and home of the in- ternationally celebrated Cambridge Film Festival.”可知选A, ·7 而B只是剑桥艺术电影院其中的一项活动，但并非重要的活 动，故排除。 2.B事实细节题，本题问的是成为会员后所拥有的权 利，很据"your own copy of each cinema programme mailed free of charge'”可知，远B。 3.C事实细节题。根据文章中“It costs￡l5 to join and your card can be used from 1st October 2011 to 30th June2012.”可知，会员时间是9个月。 4.D推理判断题。根据文章体裁以及全文内容可知， 文章的写作目的就是为了吸引更多的学生成为会员，因此， 远D。 Passage 18 1,B推理判断题。裉据Swansea定位，找到Memories 下面第一段，讲到父亲会从Swansea起航，我们带给他 family photograph目的是be kept with him and keep him safe推断出我们是给父亲送行。 2.A细节理解题。根据telegram定位找到Memories 下面第三段，电报内容：safe。 3.A推理判断题。父亲说it是由cigarettes引起，母 亲说it由torpecloes引起，it指代前文的week heart。 4.D推理判断题。根据after his ship was attack定 位，找到Torpedo,第二段首句he was alone确定D。 5.C全文主旨大意题。A中forgotten heroes在文中 没有涉及；B中terrible battle没有提，D.merchant memories 应该是作者的。 Passage 19 L.B推理判断题。文章第一段中“it's something that you would rather not have anyone else to know about”可知， 此短语意为“不可告人的秘密。” 2.A推理判断题。由文章第二段中的“but people these days say that you are not a real australian unless your ancestors arrived as prisoners..”可知，部分澳大利亚人的祖先 原来是英国的囚犯。 3.B细节理解题。由文章第三段中的“a bony arm stuck out...Jessica's mother sank into a faint..”可知，她母亲 因为突然在衣柜中看到骨架而晕倒。由此可知，她受到了 惊吓。 4.C细节理解题。由文章最后一段“I brought it home to help me with my health project'”可知，她带骨架回家的目 的是帮助她做功课。 5.C推理判断题。由文章中最后一段中的“it caused a problem between you and Dad...as her parents began to laugh madly”可知。 Passage 20 1.B细节理解题。由文章第一段中第二句“Miller's father had moved to the USA from Austria Hungary,drawn like so many others by the“Great American Dream.”可s知， 米勒的父亲为了寻找“伟大的美国梦”而搬到美国。 2.A细节理解题。由文中第二段第一句可知，《推销 员之死》揭示了关国商业社会的残酷。 3.C推理判断题。由文中第二段最后三句可推断， Willy Loman是美国社会制度的牺牲品。 4.A细节理解题。由第三段第一句可知，这部剧本获 得了巨大的成功。 5.D主旨大意题。本文主要介绍美国著名作家阿 瑟·米勒的生平及其代表作《推销员之死》。 Passage 21 1.B词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“The project is al- ready providing chances..”可知“its idea'”是指“the idea of the project'”。 2.A细节理解题。根据第六段最后一句“Not only have the public...and how it will work before it even opens." 可以得知通过访问虚拟的L0B能够对它有概括性的了解。 3.A细节理解题。根据第四段的内容以及第七段最 后一句话可知a、b、d与原文的叙述相符，所以答案为A。 4.D推理判断题。通读全文可知，本篇文章介绍的是 一种数字化技术的新型图书馆，并且文中多次引用别人说的 话，所以此篇文章最有可能远自一篇新闻报道。 Passage 22 1.A推理判断题。根据Book1中的“she finds herself torn between.”可知Roth的感觉很骗苦，故A项符合题意。 B项意为“好奇的”；C项为“害怕的，受惊吓的”；D项为“失望 的”。 2.A细节归纳题。根据Book1中的“her sympathy for the animals being...”及Book5中“.to see dinosaurs(恐 龙)up close.”可知A项符合题意。 3.C细节理解题。根据Book5中的前两句话“.ona test run with his two huge friends,King Herbert and Queen Certrude,”可知，这两个名字应是恐龙的名字，故C符合 句意。 4.C事实细节题。根据Book3中的“..and A Native American Thought of.David MacDonald”可知C项符合 题意。 Passage 23 l.D事实细节题。根据文章第二段中的“When students were told my rule.,were not happy”可知学生知道 ·8 我定的规测时，很不开心，故D项符合题意。 2.A猜测题意题。根据第四段中“.by technology often break concentration..much dependence on...for ideas" 及下句“I want students to dig deep...”可知engage同A项 explore(探索)同意。 3.A事实细节题。根据文章的第四段的前两句话可 以得出A项符合题意，“先进技术的使用阻碍了学生独立思 考”。 4.D推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的第一句话和 最后一句话可知，作者很珍惜这种形式，故D项符合题意。 Passage 24 1,D推理判断题。根据文章的第一段“..it was nick- named‘the Garden City',.of Howard's name for his..”可 知D项符合题意。 2.A猜测词意题。A项为“利用”：B项为“对…作评 论”；C项为“给出…的解释”；D项为“描述…”由文章第 一段最后一句话可知，A项符合题意。 3.B事实细节题。根据文章第二段“Howard's idea was.far enough from existing.,at the bottom price..”由此句 可知B项符合题意。 4.A推理判断题。根据文章最后一句的段落大意可 知A项符合题意。 5.B主旨大意题。这篇文章主要向我们介绍了the Garden City的发明由来及其详细信息，故B项符合题意，能 够概括出文章的主旨。 Passage 25 L,A推理判断题。由第一段的第三句“I accepted the job without hesitation,as it would allow'”可知。A项正确。 2.C推理判断题。由第二段的倒数两句，“，my nerves kicked in.,but rather a12-year-old boy”可知，C 项正确。 3.D细节推理题。由第三段最后一句，“，and all the students wrote down their names and.”可知，D项正确。 4.B细节理解题。由最后一段可知“教室很安静”可知 B项正确。 5.A推理判断题。由最后一段最后一句可知，作者选 择这样的作文题目是因为对自己第一节课的表现很失望。 故远A项。 Passage 26 1,B细节理解题。由第一段的第二句可知“怀疑论者 不承认人们对环境的威胁”可知B项正确。 2.A细节理解题。由第一段的最后一句“..as people search for more comforting worldviews'”和第二段第三句可 知另一个解释就是与某些商业的特殊利益有很大关系可知， A项正确。 3.A篇章结构题。由第四段的第一句和第二句可知， A项正确，A.voice a different opinion'"发表不同的观，点”；B. “find fault with“挑毛病”；C.challenge the authority of the media“挑战媒体的权威”；D.point out“指出”。 4.D主旨大意题。由最后一段的第一句和第三句可 知，作者希望借助于媒体能让人们全面的了解。故选D项。 Passage 27 1.C词义猜测题。由前文可知，2004年她获得了美国 妙龄小姐的荣誉，因此她非常兴奋，以至于四天后她仍然很 高兴，cloud nine意为“飘飘然，欣喜若狂”。故选C。 2.A事实细节题。由“She's been through so many difficulties and came through them all”可知，舞蹈老师能够 克服很多困难很有毅力，很有决心，故选A。 3.C推理判断题。由第三段“Present in the audience that day were her mother and father,older brother,her friends..”和第五段“(ne of those bad life's.when her brother Brad was killed in a drunk driving accident.”可知她 有两个兄弟，因此远C。 4.C事实细节题。由倒数第二段第一句可知。 5.A事实细节题。由最后一段可知“Don't let anyone change you.Hang out with people that make you feel good a- bout yourself.That way,it is easy to be yourself.”故选A。 Passage 28 L.B事实细节题。由第一句“The Winners Club is a bank account specially designed for teenagers.”可知答案 为B。 2.C推理判断题。由Convenient部分中的“Teenagers are busy-we get that.You may never need to come to a bank at all.”可知C项正确。Winner Club是为青少年设计 的，没有提到为父母准备的特别礼物，故A项错误；由第一段 的24 hours a day和7 days a week可知B项错误；由第二段 的最后一句可知D项错误。 3.D事实细节题。由Mega magazine included部分中 "Along with your regular report,...full of good ideas to make even more of your money..”可知答案为D。 4.B事实细节题。最后一段“You will have to get per- mission from your parents or guardian.”可知答案为B。 5.D主旨大意题。本文实为一则广告，介绍了The Winner Club的相关内容，目的在于推荐这款服务。故远D。 Passage 29 L1.B考查细节理解题。由文章第一段“.could help ·8 people with disabilities send commands to machines'”可s知B 项符合题意。 2.D考查细节理解题。由第三段第一句“，by thinking about moving his left or right hand.”可知D项“通 过使用他的思雏（意念）符合题意。 3.C考查细节理解题。由第五段“.designed a special cap”→“This head cover picks up the signals from the scalp'” 可知由scalp流向cap,故C项符合。 4.B考查细节理解题。由最后一段“.so as to prove that this is a technology.”可知，目的是让病人获益，故B项 符合题意。 5,C考查主旨大意题。由文章第一段最后一句和最后 一段可知说的是BC】技术帮助残疾人的问题，故C项符合 题意。 Passage 30 L.B推理判断题。选项A、C可由第一段中“.has seen more and more forests disappearing..”排除，D项可由 “That means growth with.”排除，故B项符合题意。 2.C考查推理判断题，由第二段第四句“..is spending a huge amount of money making electric cars and high-speed trains,”可知C项为正确选项。 3.C考查细节理解题。由第三段第三句“stronger ar- rangement of public resources...help to speed up the develop- ment”可知选项C符合题意，故选C项。 4.A考查推理判断题。由全文最后一句可知，A项符 合题意，故选A项。 5.D考查主旨大意题。由全文的主题句第一段最后 一句及全文最后一句可知，作者旨在提侣可持续发展，故D 项符合题意。 Passage 31 1.D考查细节理解题。由文章第二段第一句和第三 句可知“feeling a sense of involvement with each other'”表明 有归属感，故D项符合题意。 2.C考查细节理解题。由文章第三段第一句可知，狼 群在一起吼叫后也会发生争吵，故而“social bond”不准确，由 此可知选项C符合题意。 3.B考查细节理解题。由第四段第一句“.howling is often used among packmates to locate each other”可知，B项 “找到其他伙伴”是符合题意的，故远B项。 4.D考查细节理解题。由最后一段最后一句话“roll cl”滚动的吼叫可知是此起彼伏的吼叫来表明自己的存在， 故D项符合题意。 题源2阅读理解的题型 Passage 1 【语篇解读】本文为人物传记类文章。本文讲述了美 国伟大爵士音乐作曲家George Gershwin的音乐生涯及爵士 乐在历史上存在的一些争议。 l.D细节理解题。根据第二段末句“Over the years they have been sung and played in every possible way- from jazz to country'”可知，其作品以不同的方式来演绎。故 远D。 2.B细节理解题。根据第三段末句“.showed that jazz music could be both serious and popular'”可知此次音乐 会证明了爵士也可以是严肃的音乐。 3.A细节理解题。根据倒数第二段可知，他在巴黎写 了An American in Paris及后文“it quickly became popular in Europe and the United States.It still remains one of his most famous works'”可知答案远A。 4.B细节判断题。根据最后一段中“Newspapers all over the world reported his death on their front pages'”可知， 全世界的报刊都在头版报道了他去世的消息。故答案为B。 5.A推理判断题。根据第一段中“George Gershwin, born in 1898,was one of America's greatest composers.He published his first song when he was eighteen years old." 知他极具天赋；再根据第一段中“During the next twenty years he wrote more than five hundred songs”可知他是多产 的作曲家。通读全文，我们也不难得出结论。 Passage 2 L.D事实细节题。由第二段“Perri notes with amaze- ment how closely her own life has mirrored her mother's: both have full-time careers;both have published books,arti- cles,and stories;each has three children;they both love to read,”可得出答案：Perri惊奇地记录下她自己的生活是妈妈 的写照：都有全职事业：都出版过书、文章和故事；都有三个 孩子。A.都经历了困难年代：B.相互之间有强烈的感情联 系：C她们有相同的快乐和骗苦，爱和骗苦；D.她们都有做 女儿、母亲和作家的经历。 2.C词义推断题。由第三段第一句话"A child of the Depression(大萧条)，Sheila was raised in Brooklyn by par- ents who considered education a luxury for girls.”可得知在 经济大萧条时期，教育是很昂贵的投资。（重男轻女思想）所 以对于女孩来说就不是一项必需的事情。 3.A主旨大意题。由第四段的“Sheila describes the adventure of giving birth to Perri in a tiny town in Trinidad where her husband was doing research fieldwork.""To- ·8 gether they compare thoughts on bringing up children and working,admit long-hidden sorrows,and enjoy precious memories.”可以知道这一段描述的是母女俩作品中的内容。 4.D主旨大意题。文章中写到母女的生活经历、思想 感情、对社会的理解，可以知道，作者是从不同的角度去描述 妇女的生活。 Passage 3 【语篇解读】本文为说明文体。本文介绍了设计者 Mikhail Belyacv所设计的lampbrella(路灯雨伞)。介绍了设 计lampbrella的灵感来源，基本构造和工作原理等。 l.C细节理解题。根据第一段话“That's why he cre- ated lampbrella'”及之前的叙述可知，设计lampbrella的目的 是让忘记带伞的人不遭雨淋。故答案远C。 2.A推理判断题。第二段话的主题句为首句“The designer says he comes up with the idea after watching people get wet on streets in Russia”后文Belyacv所言是更为 具体的描述，即本段中Belyacv的话语点出了他设计lamp brella的灵感来源。故答案选A。 3.B细节理解题。根据文章第三段话的叙述“It has a built-in electric motor which can open or close the umbrella on demand.Sensors(传感器)then ensure that the umbrella offers pedestrians shelter whenever it starts raining.”可知， 先是传感器感应到下雨，然后发动机运转，最后伞蓬被打开。 故远B。 4.D主旨大意题。根据本段“.so as not to cause harm to the pedestrians""...to protect from possible lighting strike""Being installed at 2 meters off the ground,it would only be a danger for the tallest of pedestrians”可以得知，这 是lampbrella的人性化设计，为避雨的行人在安全方面作了 充分考虑。故远D。 5.C推理判断题。根据最后一段中“there are no plans to take lampbrella into production”,可知lampbrella还 没有计划投入生产，可排除A、B选项；根据“he recently in troduced his creation to Moscow Department'”可排除D项； 根据“insists this creation could be installed on any street where a lot of people walk but there are no canopies to pro- vide shelter”可知Belyacy对他设计的lampbrella的实用性 充满自信。故答案远C。 Passage 4 1.D阅读材料可知，这是一张海报。选D。 2.A由“To celebrate the Year of the Snake”可知， 2013年2月2日将会有一个迎中国新年的活动，故选A。 3.C由Fee:$20(buy three get one free),可知，四个 人去只需付三个人的钱，20×3=60，即付$60，选C。 4.B由材料中“Free Soft Drinks'”可知，没有必要带饮 料。故选C。 Passage 5 l.A事实细节题。由第三段“I know what's wrong; I've got throat cancer.I know there's nothing you doctors can do about it and I've just got to wait until the day comes." 可知道阿蒙德太太已经从互联网上“知道”自己得了癌症，所 以在检查时表现得很平静。 2.D事实细节题。由倒数第二段最后一句“She was lucky we caught it when we did.”可知道答案。 3.B推理判断题。由最后一段第一句话的“Mrs.Al mond went pale when I explained she would have to be on treatment for the next six months to ensure that she was fully recovered.It was certainly a lesson for her.”“当我解释 她进行六个月治疗就能痊愈时她的脸色变了，对她来说这是 一次教训”可知，她的窘迫是太相信自己的判断，进行了不必 要的担心。 4.C推理判断题。由最后一段第一句话的“She listed up to about 20,and then I went to my office to type up my notes.Unexpectedly,the computer was not working,so I had to wait until someone from the IT department came to xit.”我要去打印我的处方，电脑碰巧坏了，我只能等IT部 门的人来修它。暗示过度依赖电脑并不明智。 Passage 6 L.E该题中的信息“，explores the life of a tree'”与E 中的书名相吻合。 2.A该题提到的free verse,poems与A中的Poems about the Garden相吻合。 3.D该题提到的go fishing以及the little one gets away与D中的书名相吻合。 4.F该题提到的“various kinds of life and how all living things,from bacteria to the largest.”与F中的the in- credible biodiversity'生物多样性”相吻合。 5.C该题描述的how a grandfather teaches his eager granddaughter to catch speckled trout from the stream in springtime与C中的书名以及图片上的内容吻合。 Passage 7 1.C推理判断题。由第一段“Basic Math introduces students to the basic concepts of mathematics,as well as the fundamentals of more tricky areas...with an understanding of arithmetic and to prepare them for Algebra()and be- yond"及第二段“The lessons in Basic Math cover every basic ·8 aspect of arithmetic'”可知选C。 2.C事实细节题。由第四段第二行“They will be able to clear away the mystery of mathematics and face their studies with more confidence than they ever imagined”可知， 面对数学他们会比以前更自信。 3.B推理判断题。由第一段第二行“These30 fantastic lectures are designed to..”以及文章倒数第三段第 二段可知，他将作关于“基础数学的30场报告。” 4.D推理判断题。由文章最后一段“If the course fails to provide complete satisfaction to you...or you can get your money back”可知，作者旨在对公众作出承诺，吸引大家报 课，因此会出处于广告宣传中。 Passage 8 1.C事实细节题。由文章第一段第二句话“A-140 year old letter...to study medicine..可知Sophia写信是因为 她要study medicine。故C项符合题意。 2.A事实细节题。由文章第二段第一句话可知这封 信是a part-time history student在写他的博士报告时偶然发 现的，故A项符合题意。 3.B事实细节题。由文章第三段的第三行“Although her letter was not successful,.degree for women'”及“The qualification,which ran from 1877 until...were admitted as students'”可知B项为正确选项。 4.D事实细节题。由文章第三段的最后一句话“ was so popular that...to St Andrews in 1892. Passage 9 1.B主旨大意题。从第一段中假设将孔子推到现在的 幽默文字中可知，第一段是要为下文做铺垫，吸引读者继续 读下去。故远B项。 2.A推理判断题。由第四段的后三句“.are racing to learn Chinese.""...to understand their Chinese customers." 可知，人们正在努力学习汉语是由于对汉语有极大的兴趣。 故远A项。 3.D主旨大意题。从文章最开始提到孔子，说到孔子 在中外文化中受到欢迎，及最后两段中的“attracts”“even if his birthday is'”可知D项正确。 4.C推理判断题。整篇文章中说到孔子以及中国思想 对中外的影响，可知这篇文章最可能出现在报纸上，故选 C项。 Passage 10 l,D事实细节题。由文章第一段“So when Colu brought the tomato back from South America,a land mis- takenly considered to be eden,...,the tomato was shut out of the door of Europeans.”可知，它是宗教无法接受的。 2.C推理判断题。由文章第三段“and until the early 1700s most of the Western people continued to drag their feet." and "In the 1880s,the daughter of...As late as the twentieth century some writers still classed tomatoes with mandrakers as an‘evil fruit’”可推出，西方人一直排斥西红柿。 3.B推理判断题。由第四段“What are you afraid of?” he shouted."I'll show you fools these things are good to eat!”推出，他主要目的在于消除人们对西红柿的恐惧。 4.C推理判断题。纵观全文可知作者只是简单叙述了 西方人由拒绝、害怕吃西红柿到后采西红柿为人们所接受这 一事实，只是介绍给我们人们对西红柿的态度的转变。故 远C。 Passage 11 1.B词义猜测题。由第一段的后两句中“.valuable time to rest and do a few hours of housework....communicate with family and friends by email,,”可知这些事情都是在地球 上做的，故mimic是copy的意思，“复制，模仿”，故远B项。 2.A主旨大意题。由第二段中宇航员的一系列活动 可知，宇航员们尽量将地球上的生活复制在太空内，故选 A项。 3.D事实细节题。由最后一段的第一句“Many astro nauts say that one of the most relaxing things to do is to..." 可知宇航员们向窗外看是一种最放松的方式之一，由第二句 可知，宇航员们喜欢这个方式。故远D项。 4.D主旨大意题。由第一段中的“mimic'”和第二段宇 航员们的一系列活动和第三段中放松方式可知，整个文章在 说宇航员们在太空中怎样渡过空闲时间。故选D项。 Passage 12 L.D推理判断题。根据第二段“·my wife already does that'was a common response among attendees viewing the...to make them‘smart'.”可推出，这种技术为人们所熟知。 2.B推理判断题。根据第四段“The washers and dry- ers,available starting in the spring,connect to any smart- phone through a...The phone can then be used as a remote control.”可知，这款机器可被智能电话控制。 3.A推理判断题。根据第五段“Samsung says it'snot just something new-the app connection actually has some practical uses.”及第六段给出的具体事例可以推出它使生活 变得更加容易。 4.C主旨大意题。由最后一段第一句“Perhaps,but what they will probably really accomplish is what all good technologies do-enable laziness...on their phones while ·8 watching TV,”可知，好的发明也会带来一些小问题。 Passage 13 l.A事实细节题。从第二段第一句“(n September 1lh,1958,Mum gave birth to Richard.”和第四段第二句“If your baby brother lives,.that'll be Christmas enough.”可s知 1958年作者有了一个小弟弟。故远A项。 2.D词义猜测题。由第三段最后一句中的 “hopeless”,“pitiful'”和“dying”,可知，Richard生病了往院了 而且很严重。故远D项。A.不可能的；B.令人讨厌的；C 困难的；D.害怕的，恐惧的。 3.C推理判断题。由第三段中的“Don't expect any presents this year'”和“his eyes filled with tears”可知，当圣诞 来临的时候，由于Richard的病，作者的爸爸非常悲伤。A. 兴奋；B.高兴：C.悲伤；D.失望。故远C项。 4.C主旨大意题。由第一段可知“one of..Christmas gift'” 和下文中关于“gift”展开的一系列故事，这个“gif”生病了，后来 在第二个圣诞节的时候，“gift”脱离了危险。故选C项。 Passage 14 1.A主旨大意题。通过文章第一段“But there is an- other factor that can cause your heart problems more imme- diately the air you breathe,”可知主要讨论的是心脏病和空 气质量的关系。 2.C词义猜测题。根据第三段“The authors of both studies stress that these risks are relatively small for healthy people and certainly modest compared with other risk factors such as smoking and high blood pressure..”中的并列关系可 知远C。 3.D推理判断题。根据文章最后一句可知远D。 4.A推理判断题。这是一篇说明文，因此很客观，所 以排除B、C、D。 Passage 15 l.C事实细节题。根据第二段中“I pulled out my phone to read a text message from my mom saying that we were leaving for Christmas shopping for him when I came across a message on my phone that I had locked.”可知选C。 2.A事实细节题。根据第三段中“My eyes fell on a photo of a flower....The flower,a lone dandelion standing...,inspired me,”可知选A。 3.D词义猜测题。根据第三段中“The poem was writ- ten by Edgar Allan Poe;my dad recited it as much as he did the other.I typed that out as well and searched online for a background to the words of it.”可知选D。 4.D事实细节题。根据第三段中“.after searching I found the perfect picture.The image was painted....I felt that this was a gift that my father would truly appreciate.”可知 选D。 5.B推理判断题。很据文章首段设问什么使得一份礼 物很特殊，之后举出自己的经历，说明了最好的礼物在于出 自内心。 Passage 16 1.B事实细节题。由文章第一段及第二段第一句话 “You can't take any means.,more than once,”可知我母亲不 允许我们乘坐任何一种交通工具超过一次，故B项为正确 答案。 2.A推理判断题。由文章第四段第一句话“(Once you learn..nothing is frightening anymore.”可知作者通过 Transportation Days不再害怕任何事情。故A项符合题意。 3.D词义猜测题。A项为“陈列，展示”，B项为“证明， 证实”，C项为“忽视，忽略”，D项为“毁坏”。由原句的“oth erwise”可知此句与上句意义不同，故D项符合题意。 4.A事实细节题。由文章最后一段第一句话可知，作 者并不是很喜欢乘坐飞机，而且B、C、D三项在文章中作者 都使用过，故A项符合题意。 Passage 17 1.D考查推理判断题。文章第一段第一句中“The In formation Highway is the road that links computers.,”可知， 有大量的用户在使用信息高速公路。故选项D符合题意。 2.D考查事实细节题。第一段第二句中“with his new broad-band connection,.”可知D项符合题意。 3.B考查推理判断题。文章第二段最后一句可知A 项不正确：第二段第二句可知C,D不正确。第二段第五句 可知，B项符合题意。 4.A考查主旨大意题。第二段第一句和第二句告诉 我们一个关于温室效应的专家要讲座。这是一则海报，介绍 了该讲座的相关信息。故A项符合文意。 Passage 18 L.D考查主旨大意题。由文章第二段“When people ask....I answer them with one world hope.”可知文章中心词 是murals,但是主题是hope,故D项符合题意。 2.C考查细节理解题。由文章第二段“Its work makes schools and public places attractive..."".Anti-Graffiti Net- wOrk”可知，它的工作主要是反涂鹅，通过美化形成表达 “love and care peace walk”等积极态度的艺术。故C项符合 题意。 3.A考查推理判断题。由文章第三段“When a neigh- borhood...to develop a message..”可知A项符合题意。 ·8 4.D考查词义猜测题。由最后一段第一句话“The making of a mural enters people's collective memory...”可知 MAP的工作是成功的，故D项符合题意。 Passage 19 1.A考查细节理解题。由第一段“Please apply in writing to Producer Vacancies”"可知，答案选择A项。 2.D考查推理判断题。由Father Christmas的第二段 “Working days:Every Saturday..l0:30~l6:00”可知D项 符合题意。 3.C考查推理判断题。由Accountants Assistant的第 一段“This position is equally suitable for a school leaver..” 可知C项符合题意。 4.C考查推理判断题。由Software Frainer第二句话 "..You should be good at the computer and have some expe- rience in programme writing.”可知C项符合题意。 Passage 20 1.A细节理解题。由第一段中第一、二句“】got my first driver's license..I was a married woman.”可知。 2.D细节理解题。由第三段最后两句“I refused to have him sign for me.So I left without a Maryland license." 可知。 3.B推理判断题。在文中第一段提到Susan高中时在 北卡罗纳州取得了驾照：但在马里兰必须达到21岁才能拿 到驾照。因此可知，在美国，不同的州有不同的法律。 Passage 21 l.C词义猜测题。由第二段最后一句“before it reached the flowerbeds,much water..”可知，旧桶漏水。 2.D细节理解题。由第二段最后一句“The old bucket felt very ashamed because of its holes'”可知，旧桶为自己漏水 感到晰愧。 3.A细节理解题。由文章第三段可知，新桶嘲笑旧桶 太破旧。 4.D细节理解题。由最后一段最后一句可知，正是因 为旧桶一路上都在漏水，才有了沿途美丽的鲜花。 Passage 22 1.D段落大意题。根据第一段可知，起初英国想要征 服爱尔兰，后来不得已让爱尔兰独立。也就是说爱尔兰由北 爱尔兰和爱尔兰共和国组成。故选D。 2.A推理判断题。由第二段第一句“In the1840sthe main crop..died.”可知，粮食短缺导致了人口大量死亡，故 选A。 3.B概括大意题。由最后一段第三句一直到最后可 知，爱尔兰自独立后就开始注重文化的发展，故选B。 4.C主旨大意题。根据第一段“1921”，爱尔兰的形成。 第二段“in the l840s”“inl851”;第三段的“today”;第四段的 “since independence'”可知，文章是在说明爱尔兰的历史和发 展。故选C项。 Passage 23 1.B猜测词义题。由第一段的前两句话我们可以得 知，文章中所讲的组织是为美国无家可归的工人提供住处和 食物，由此可以推出address为“解决、处理”的意思，故B项 为正确远项。 2.C事实细节题。根据文章第六行“According to the Coalition's studies,...,up to three million are homeless...." 可知C项为正确远项。 3.A事实细节题。根据文章最后一句话可得知无家 可归的人找工作困难是因为大多数老板在雇佣员工时都需 要家庭住址，故A项符合题意。 4.D推理判断题。由文章可知，不断上升的房价是造 成大量美国人无家可归的原因，故D项为正确远项。 Passage 24 L.D此题为推理判断题。由文章第二段的“Jacqueline worked as a publisher's editor,”及最后一段画线句子可 知，D项为正确远项。 2.C此题为猜测句义题。此句含义为“她的第一夫人 的角色已经被她作为编辑的成就所遮盖了”，故答案为C项。 3.C此题为推断题。由最后一段的第四行“In the books she selected for publication.,of her mind”可知C项符 合题意。 4.C此题为文章主旨题。通读全文可知，本篇文章主 要讲的是Jacqueline过去二十年的成就，故C项为正确 答案。 Passage 25 1.C此题为主旨题。“TPCGB运动的目的是什么”， 根据文章第二段“The Tall Persons Club..,which was formed.,to campaign for the needs of the tall...”可知C项为 正确答案。 2.B事实细节题。文章第四段最后一句话提到了 “Phil Heinricy'”由“Seven-foot beds would work fine.”可知B 项为正确答案。 3.A推理判断题。文章第五段提到了小桌子的餐馆！ "Small tables,which mean the bong-legged...make tall customers go elsewhere..”可知A项为正确答案。 4.B事实细节题。文章最后一段提到了Edinburgh, 由“6'6"beds are now put..from taller visitors”可知B项为正 确远项。 ·8 Passage 26 L.B推理判断题。由第一段的第二句话“Instead, they receive their elementary...by working at home on com- Puters..”可以得出，他们是在家通过网络学习，故B项符合 题意。 2.C事实细节题。由文章第二段“They also say it is difficult...are learning well'”可知网络学校的问题是很难知道 学生的学习进程，故C项符合题意。 3.B推理判断题。由文章第三段开头“Oher educators praise this new form...work at their own speed" 知网络学校变得流行是因为它允许学生按照自己的速率学 习，故B项为正确答案。 4.A主旨大意题。此题考查的是主旨大意题中的观 点态度，从整篇文章来看，作者只是客观的陈述网络教育这 种现象，故A项为正确答案。 Passage 27 1,B细节推理题。由第二段第一句可知，自我意识可 以被测出来。故远B项。 2.D细节推理题。由第二段最后一句“(O)nly humans, and some..”可看出只有人类，像apes和dolphins在镜子中 认识自己，说明他们很聪明。故远D项。 3.B细节推断题。根据倒数第二段最后一句，Happy 认识镜子中的自己。故远B项。 Passage 28 1.C推理判断题。由第一段的后两句可知“我不曾将 眼光离开”，是强烈好奇心的表现，故选C项。 2.D推理判断题。由第三段的前两句可知，“所有的 家庭对送奶工都很信任，并且之间有很亲密的友谊”，故选 D项。 3.B细节判断题。由第四段的第二句“Bg companies.."“compete”可知，送奶工要去竞争很难，故选 B项。 4.A推理判断题。由最后一段的后两句“Every so often my son's friends..”可知作者把一箱旧牛奶搬回家是在 思念过去的日子。故远A项。 Passage 29 1.B细节理解题。由第一段第一句可知，B项正确。 2.A细节理解题。由第四段“For nonfiction.… especially scientific material”可知，A项正确。 3.C推理判断题。由第五段第二句中“A1ight,hu- morous touch is appreciated.We are always in need of straight humor articles.Make us laugh,and we'll buy it" 知，C项正确。 Passage 30 1.D细节理解题。由文章前三段可知，母亲不愿意让 “我”去康奈尔大学读书是因为他们支付不起学费。 2.C细节理解题。由第六段中“Father borrowed money from..jewellery shop”可知。 3.A细节理解题。由第六段中“To get new customers,my mother had to help.She picked up a long-for- gotten membership in the local league of women..”可得出 答案。 4.C细节理解题。由第一段中的“In early autumn..I wanted to go nowhere but to Cornell University'”可推断出。 Passage 31 L.D推理判断题。由第一段中的“In fact,.he inherited excellent taste in art from his family-both his father and his brother were painters.”可知，答策为D。 2.C推理判断题。叶芝在1865年出生，和文章最后一 段倒数第二句的“.，who produces his greatest works between the ages of50and75”可知C项正确。 3.D推理判断题。由诗歌中的“an honoured guest,. the Irish vessel和Emptied of its poetry”可知，作者表达的是 对叶芝的“敬佩”之情。 4.A主旨大意题。文章开篇介绍了叶芝的成就，下文 比较详细的开展回顾，最后用W.H.Auden的高度评价作为 结束，所以主题为叶芝的文学成就。 Passage 32 L.A词义猜测题。根据文中的“Listening for Meaning in a World of Noise”和“If you tell someone to be quiet.”可知，他渴望一个安静的世界，故远A。 2.C事实细节题。由第二段中的“，there's almost a deep prejudice against the idea that silence might be benefi- cial.”可知，C项正确。 3.C事实细节题。由文章最后一段的“If we remove the powerful blasts of noise,we become aware of an extraor- dinarily rich world around us..”可知C项正确。 4.D推理判断题。由最后一段的最后一句可知“It's astonishing how beautiful things sound when you can really listen.”可推断出D项正确。 Passage 33 1.B事实细节题。由第一段的最后一句可知，他们失 败的原因为“Then her husband lost his job”。故选B。 2.D事实细节题。由第三段中的“The Jacobs family did work out a solution:They asked and received more aid from the schools,and each son increased his borrowing to ·8 the maximum amount through the federal loan program." 知，远D。 3.A事实细节题。由第四段的一、二句话“financial aid administrators expect to hear from more families like the Jacobses.More students are applying for aid,and more fami- lies expect to need student loans..”可知，选Ao 4.C推理判断题。根据第六段中的“They will send kids to college whatever it takes,even if that means a huge amount of debt.”可推出C项正确。 5.D推理判断题。由第七段中“.the government says that money will flow uninterrupted..”可推出D项正确。 Passage 34 L,B推理判断题。由第三段第二句中的“Corbett went down to remove the spikes and climbed up again'”可知，B项 正确。 2.C推理判断题。由第二段第一句“.Wellman, whose legs were permanently injured nine years ago in a rock-climbing accident”和第五段第二句的“He knew that was how I got injured”可知C项正确。 3.C推理判断题。由第五段最后一句可知Wellman 有一些时间停止攀岩，故远C。 4.B主旨大意题。由全文内容可知，本文讲述残疾人 Wellman在朋友的帮助下完成爬山，歌颂了珍贵的友谊，故 远B。 Passage 35 l.B事实细节题。根据Green Maps中的第一段的第 一、二句可知，Green Maps用图标介绍当地景点，故远B。 2.B推理判断题。根据Green Maps中第一段第五句 可知，日期并不在此列。 3.B事实细节题。根据Map Mashups中第三句可知， B项正确。 4.C事实细节题。由Map Mashups中第二句可知，答 案为C。 Passage 36 1.C事实细节题。根据第二段中“In fact,studies show.For instance,a report that analysed...”可s知，本段的 写作主要是通过举例来完成的。 2.D词义猜测题。根据美国政府的数据，Bl认为他 们承诺用较少的化学药品并能提高产量的说法是假的。 3.B事实细节题。根据第三段中“GM companies tell farmers that they will make good profits by saving money on pesticides'”及Bill所说的“The promise was that you could use less chemicals.”可知。 4.C事实细节题。根据最后一段可知，解决世界粮食 问题的最佳途径是发展绿色农业，由此可推知作者对基因工 程持反对态度。 Passage 37 1.C推理判断题。根据第一段“Honesty,my mum al- ways used to tell me,is the best policy”和第二段“After all, the doctor-patient relationship...therefore honesty is essen- tial”可知。 2.A事实细节题。根据第四段“.Mr.McMahon's daughter broke down-she said you told her he had cancer." 和“Why on earth did you do that?”可知，她生气的原因是 “我”告诉病人家属没有确诊的事。 3.A事实细节题。根据第四段中“我”的会珍医生生 “我”的气，“我”奔拉着头，说明“我”很内疚。 4.C推理判断题。根据文章情节可知，诚实是最好的 策略，但是很多时候，诚实并不能解决一切问题。 Passage 38 【语篇解读】此文是一篇人物传记类文章。 L.B事实细节题。根据第三段中“Irene continued the work by developing X-ray facilities in military hospitals in France and Belgium.Her services were recognized in the form of a Military Medal by the French government..”可知。 2.A事实细节题。根据第四段中“1n1918,Irene be- came her mother's assistant at the Curie Institute.In Decem- berl924,Frederic Joliot joined the Institute,.”可知。 3.A事实细节题。根据第四段中“Their daughter Helene was born in 1927 and their son Pierre five years later.”可知。 4.C事实细节题。根据最后一段可知，居里夫人和她 的女儿们是研究辐射能，都很热爱家庭和事业，都因白血病 辞世，由第一段可知，居里夫人是唯一一位两次获得诺贝尔 奖的人。故远C。 Passage 39 1.D事实细节题。根据第一段最后一句可知，作者是 因为有一种成就感才微笑的。 2.C事实细节题。根据第二段中“They raise their eyebrows,surprised by my "no thank you",or by my choice to have a salad.”可知。 3.B词义猜测题。根据最后一段可知，作者为了塑造 好的身材，每天早上5点准时起床锻炼，不吃雪糕，正是因为 有了一个坚定的信念才会让作者这样坚持，因此 commitment意为“坚定的信念”。 4.C推理判断题。根据最后一段中“A commitment to change my life with a way that reduces daily anxiety, ·8 increases self-confidence and energy extends life and above all improves my body shape,”可知作者的主要意图是塑造好 身材。 Passage 40 I.C细节理解题。根据Save pounds on tickets Now 广告中的最后一句话可知C项正确。 2.D细节理解题。根据H)WT)B)()K第四个小标 题By Post中的“..enclosing a cheque,postal order or your credit card details”可知应选择D项。 3.A细节理解题。根据Get it Together第二段中的 "...and book-now-pay-later programmes are all part of our great service to group bookers..”可知应该选择A项。 Passage 41 l.C细节理解题。根据第二段第一、二句“people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out dis- ase”可知与C选项的意思最为符合。 2.A推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath...the nobleman should not go out..”可知Henry IV担心的是疾病传播问题， afraid意为“害怕的”；curious为“好奇的”；approving为“同 意的”；uninterested为“不感兴趣的”。 3.C篇章结构问题。本文第二段讲述16世纪的情况， 第三段讲述十八世纪的情况，而最后一段讲的是现在的情 况，所以全文是按照时间顺序来写的。 4.D主旨大意题。根据第一段第二句“However, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.”可知人们的观 点和态度是在变化的，所以本文的写作目的是present the change of views. Passage 42 1.C段落大意题。根据文章第一段可知，第一段主要 讲醉酒驾驶带来的各种负面影响，如反应迟缓、视力受损等， 故远C项。 2.D细节理解题。根据前文中的“to get rid of..”可知 此处t是代指前句的消除酒精在身体中的整个过程，这个过 程是缓慢的，所以答案为D。 3.B细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句 "Absorption rate is increased...or when consuming drinks mixed with fruit juice,”可知答案为B。 4.A细节理解题。根据文章倒数第四段中的“or are being suspected of drink driving will be tested.”可知答案 为A。 Passage 43 1.B细节理解题。根据第二则广告中的“you won't have to pay any tax on the first f4500 you make per year." 可知答案为B项。 2.C细节理解题。根据第三则广告中的“… Grashpadder can advertise your space.”可知选C项。 3.D细节理解题。根据最后一则广告最后一句话 "However,you have to sign a 25-year agreement with the supplier,which could prevent you from changing the roof." 可知选择D项。 4.C推理判断题。通读全文可知本文介绍房子的主人 怎样利用房子来赚线，所以本文是写给房主的。 Passage 44 L,D细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“You just have to make sure that the words on the blackboard appear some- where on your poster.”可知，老师对于海报的要求是黑板上 的字要在海报上出现。 2.A词义猜测题。文章第三段描述了同学们冥思苦 想的场面，因此文中画线部分应该是“策划，想办法”的含义， 故选A项。 3.C细节理解题。根据文章第三段可知学生们在老师 讲完话后，都在积极地思考设计方案。 4.D细节理解题。根据文章第四段中“Some of us would wander past the good students'desks and then return to our own projects with a growing sense of hopelessness." 可知一些学生看了好学生的作品后觉得获胜的希望不大了。 5.C推理判断题。裉据最后两段可知作者对于获奖感 到有点惊讶。 Passage 45 L.A细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，eBay是人们 可以买卖各种商品的地方。故远A项。 2.A细节理解题。根据文章第二段第三句内容可知， 在业余时间，出于爱好，他开办了易趣，不是为了赚钱或者其 他目的。故选A项。 3.D推理判断题。根据文章第二段内容可得知，彼得 在两个合伙人加盟后，再也没有回头，尽管在20世纪90年 代出现网络崩溃，易趣还是一步一步地壮大了，成为访问量 最大的网络市场之一，说明彼得很成功。故选D项。 4.B细节理解题。由第三段内容可知，易趣通过让交 易人照一张照片，写商品描述，填写销售表，然后从卖出的每 一件商品中得到一定比例的钱。故选B项。 Passage 46 1.C主旨大意题。文章开篇提出的take effect问题揭 示了文章大意，由于烟草税的提升引起了很多烟民的反应。 2.B"The only wonder is that so many states insist ·8 on closing their ears to the message,”可知很多州竞然不理 会这个消息，依然对烟草收税很低。 3.A词义辨析题。既然青少年对价格敏感，那么提升 烟草税可以阻止他们很早就开始吸烟。discourage阻止；re move去除，移除：benefit受益：free释放，使自由，解放。 4.D推理判断题。Hal Rogers的态度其实是同情低 收入的主动吸烟者。 5.A段意判断题。虽然烟草税的提升不利于低收入 的烟民，但从长远看，可以让他们的后代避免吸烟，同时可以 有更多的收入花到家庭上，对他们自己的健康也有利。 Passage 47 1.F2.C3.D4.B5.A Passage 48 1.River Control 2.Reasons 3.supply 4.agriculture 5.flooding 6.deepening 7.stabilizing 8.shortening 9.dam construction 10.the environment Passage 49 1.performance/act/activity 2.easy 3.rightly/successfully 4.urgent 5.culture 6.growing/rising 7.expected 8.public 9.likely 10.harm/damage B组 题源1阅读篇目题材形式特征 Passage 1 【语篇解读】本文讲述了面临问题的快餐连锁Sparrow 通过新任首席执行官Carl Pearson在其广告方面的一系列 运作之后重获成功的这一事实。 1.C细节理解题。根据首段末句“And to make matters worse,its new owner had no plans to give it the funds it required'”可知答案为C。 2.D词义猜测题。根据单词所在的语境句 "consumers who already used Sparrow restaurants were ex- tremely positive about the chain,while customers of other fast-food chains were unwilling to turn away from them" 知，while表示对比，前后句结构相似：那些Sparrow的顾客 对Sparrow连锁很支持，而其他快餐连锁的顾客却不愿意离 开它们。显然，此处的它们即是指其他快餐连锁。 3.A细节理解题。根据第三段中“Such an attempt to establish a positive relationship between a company and the general public was unusual for that time”可知，他所做广告 的目的是建立公司与公众的良好关系。故选A。 4.B细节理解题。很据倒数第三段中“The TV ads of Sparrow focused on entertainment and featured original songs performed by a variety of stars”可知答案为B。 5.B细节理解题。根据文章末段“These efforts paid off,and Sparrow soon became one of the most successful fast- food chains in the regions where it operated”可知，他的务力是成 功的，使公司更具竞争力。故答案远B。 Passage 2 【语篇解读】这篇文章讨论的是如何节约用钱，以及如 何花钱才能物有所值。开篇引入话题save money,接下来以 自己乘飞机的亲身经历来阐述。接下来再提到自己这种像 是“把钱花在刀刃上”的生活方式，也成就了自己的工作。 l.A事实细节题。由Delta定位到第一段，The flight was overbooked,and Delta,the airline,offered us 400 per person in credits to give up our seats and leave the next day. 可知，因为航班超额预定，航空公司不得不取消我们的座位， 让我们来坐第二天的航班，正因为此，他们为我们提供了补 贴。由此可知，正确答案为A。 2.A事实细节题。由文中第三段And these days,a good deal is something few of us can afford to pass up.可知， 如今儿乎没有人负担得起拒绝一个好的交易，所以正确答案 为A。 3.C事实细节题。由关健词consumer reporter定位 文章第四段。I have been the consumer reporter of NBC's Today show for over a decade.I have written a couple of books..作者是美国广播公司今日秀节目的记者，并且写过 一些书。由此可知，作者是个媒体人。因此，正确答案为C。 4.C主旨大意题。由关键词getting your money worth定位文章最后一段。I tell you this because there is no shame in getting your money worth.把钱花在恰当的地方，让 物有所值，不是什么害臊的事。由此可知，本文主要告诉我 。9 们该如何明智地花钱。因此，正确答案为C。 Passage 3 【语篇解读】本文体裁为记叙文。本文叙述了主人公 Jimmy的应聘奇遇：他在去应聘的路途中遇到一个车子抛锚 的老人，他帮助老人修好车并一同去了面试现场。面试的时 候他才发现，面试他的人竞然是他帮忙为之修车的那个老 人。很自然，他获得了那份工作。 1.A细节理解题。根据文章首句“Jimmy is an auto motive mechanic,but he lost his job a few months ago" 知。文中lost his job被同义置换为was out of work。故 远A。 2.D细节理解题。根据第二段话“he saw an elderly man wildly kicking the tyre of his car.Obviously there was something wrong with the car'”说明老人的车抛锚了，具体什 么问题，文章未提到。故远D。 3.D细节理解题。前文说到在修完车后他回绝了老 人修理费；再根据老人所说“t's the least】could do.Please, I insist'”,可知老人是因为感激而主动送他去面试现场的。 故远D。 4.B细节理解题。很据老人的问题“你确实需要面试 吗？”及Jimmy的所想“With the way I look now,how could I possibly pass this interview?”可知，以他当时的状态，他无法 通过面试。故远B。 5.C推理判断题。Jimmy在应聘途中无偿地帮助的 老人正是他去面试公司的总经理，而后他被提供了那份工 作。从这个故事中我们不难认识到：善有善报(Good is re warded with good)。A项“有志者事竞成”：B项“患难见真 情”；D项“三个奥皮匠顶个诸葛亮”。 Passage 4 l.B事实细节题。从Paragraph3倒数第2行可以看 出，作者可以在害怕或有重要事情宣布的时候随时叫醒她的 父母，也就是说她可以随时在有需要的时候寻求父母的帮 助，满足她的各种需求。故正确答案为B。 2.B从Paragraph2的最后一句话可以看出，my first bedroom is empty now,故A选项错误。从Paragraph3的第 三行可以看出，If I sit at this table,I can see my favorite room in the house,my parents'room.故C选项错误。从 Paragraph4的第一句话可以看出，I'm lucky because I know my first home still exists..说明大多数人的第一所房子都已经 不复存在，故D远项错误。而从Paragraph4可以看出，作者 在Los Angles的家仍然幸存。故正确答案为B。 3.C从最后一段可以看出，每当作者感到迷失时，她 就会回到家里寻找归属感(belongings),还会特意在晚上把 窗户打开，为的就是听听妈妈呵斥自己的声音。这一切都在 告诉她，“T'm home'”(文中的最后一句)。故正确答案为C。 4.A文章通过描述家里各个房间的摆设和回忆，表达 了作者对家的深深依恋，特别是最后一段更加突出了“家”对 作者的重要性，这里是她最佳的避风港湾。故正确答案 为A。 Passage 5 1.D事实细节题。从短文的第一段“I did not really need to express my emotions by way of words,but I gained a certain satisfaction from seeing my experiences forever recor- ded on paper..”可以得知答案：我记日记并不是真的需要表 达感情，·只是永远把经历记在纸上。A.观察学校的常 规活动。B.表达满意之情。C,给同学以好印象。D.记录 她的历史。 2.B事实细节题。从短文的第三段“At that point,I understood that nothing I wrote could ever match or replace the few seconds I allowed myself to experience the dramatic beauty of the valley.”可以得知答案：当时，我明白了，我写 的任何东西都配不上或代表我所经历的几秒钟的山谷的神 奇的美丽。A.旅行中枯燥的夜。B.山谷的美丽。C.一本 书中引人注目的引用。D.她对下一代的关心。 3.B事实细节题。从短文的第四段“Now,】only write in my diary when I need to write down a special thought or feeling.”可以得知答案：现在，我只有在需要记下 一个特殊的想法或感情时才写在日记中。A.笔记和美丽的 照片。B.特殊的想法和感情。C日常生活的详尽记录。D. 难忘事件的描述。 4.A推理判断题。由第四段的“】realize that life will simply pass me by if I stay behind the camera,busy preserving the present so as to live it in the future.”可得知答案：我意识 到，生活会与我擦肩而过，如果我盲目地活在照相机后面，紧 张地保存现在以便未来重现它。A,体验生活。B.将来重现 目前的生活。C.保存记忆。D.给一个精确的陈述。 Passage 6 1.A根据Room1中第2行可知，这里有很多项，著名 的stars and actors,因此远A。 2.A根据Room3中As well as shoes and boots the museum also exhibits shoe-shaped objects.可知选择A。 3.D根据Room1可知是在1950s开始的，而不是最 老的，排除A,Ro0m2是很多游客都震惊的不是游客最多 的，排除B,而C并未提及，根据首段可知这是来自Footwear Museum的资料。 4.C本文主要是以参观者的角度对Footwear 。9 useum的描述，因此选C。 Passage 7 1.B推理判断题。由文章第一段最后一句.…could be a harmless trigger to date:shining near-infrared light(NIR, 近红外线)”可知，B项符合题意。 2.D细节理解题。由文章第三段第四句“But ONB is only a so-so NIR absorber,and it could be poisonous..." 知，D项符合题意。 3.C词义猜测题。由文章最后一段中“When the Bhcs absord NIR light,the reactive group are exposed and break the long polymer into two short chains.”可知此处含义应在 “the long polymer into two short chains'”之前，并在“Bhcs absord”之后。故C项符合题意。 Passage 8 1.C事实细节题。由文章第一段中“.with anxiety and worry in every line of his face,”可知，Percival在和Laura 会面的时候是紧张的。 2.A事实细节题。由文章第二段中“if】am going to ask to be released from my promise to marry you.”可知 Laura曾许诺过要嫁给Percival。 3.A推理判断题。根据文章写作特点可知，本文是从 小说中摘取的。 Passage 9 1.B主旨大意题。由全文可知，文章开头提到复活节 是为了介绍关于兔子的事件。 2.A词义猜测题。根据第二段内容可知culprit的意 思接近于“罪犯”。 3.C事实细节题。由文章第四段“however,more and more bunnies are being left in white fur during brown dirt days.,easier mark for predators.”可知，C项为正确答案。 4.D事实细节题。根据文章五、六段可知，volcano rabbits和rock rabbits面临的共同问题是它们都不能迁移到 更高的地区。 5.B主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，作者的语气是 焦虑的。 Passage 10 L.A事实细节题。由第一段中的句子“The country's farmers are getting older and there are fewer people standing in line to take their place”可知A项为正确远项。 2.D事实细节题。由第二段第一句话“Merrigan.is making stops at universities across the country in hopes of encouraging more students.,”可知D为正确选项。 3.C事实细节题。由文章第四段中Matt Rush对当今 农业的评价可知全球的需求量增加，并且花费量也适中，所 以对农业的投资会是一项赚线的投资，所以C项为正确 选项。 4.C猜测词意题。由整段意思可知此句想要表达的意 思是要下一代降低农民的平均年龄，因此可以推出“to turn around the statistics'”的意思为“to bring down the average age of farmers'”,即C项为正确选项。 Passage 11 1.D猜测词义题。此题是考查考生对于词义的理解， 根据上下文意义可知本句想表达的意思是她的名气比她所 在的时代更为响亮，所以D项为正确选项。 2.C事实细节题。由第二段第三句“Then,inl925 her back was broken in several places in a school-bus acci- dent”可知C项为正确选项。 3.B事实细节题。由文中第三段的句子“.but her later works from the 1940s,known today as her best works,show less influence from her husband'”可知，B项为正确远项。 4.B推理判断题。由全篇文章的描述来看作者对 Kahlo是抱有遗憾与同情的，最后一段的unfortunately更加 显示了作者的态度。 Passage 12 1.D推理判断题。由第一段中的Shay's father knew that most of the boys would not want...it would give him a much-needed sense of belonging and some confidence和第三 段中的“The boys saw the father's joy at his son being ac- cepted'”可知Shay需要得到信心和认可。 2.B推理判断题。由第五段中“Surprisingly,Shay was given the bat.Everyone knew that a hit was almost im- possible.”可知，球员们为了能让Shay享受比赛，他们还是给 他机会。 3.A细节理解题。由第七段中“but he understood the pitcher's.over the third baseman's head'”可s知。 4.C推理判断题。根据第六、七、八段内容可推知，对 方球员也在努力帮助Shay。 5.A主旨大意题。由文章全文内容可知，残障男孩在 比赛中的成功和快乐也能折射出身边人的光芒。 Passage 13 1.C推理判断题。由第一段可知，Patrick夫人本来是 在打扫卫生的，但是文章第四段中提到“On the way we met Mrs.Patrick,laughing guiltily as if she were doing something wrong,together with her girls..”可知，她因为自己 跟去放风筝而没打扫卫生而内疚。 2.B事实细节题。由第六段中“Even our fathers ·9 dropped their tools and joined us.Our mothers took their turn,laughing like schoolgirls.I think we were all besides ourselves..”可知，我们都很开心，难以克制自己的心情。 3.D推理判断题。由第七段“The strange thing was, we didn't mention that day afterward...I look the memory up in that deepest part,.”可知，作者觉得除了他自己没有人会 记得那天放风筝的记忆。 4.B推理判断题。由倒数第一段“Do you remember that day we flew kites”和倒数第五段“The locked door opened and with it a rush of memories..”可知作者在妈妈提 醒下，想起了自己小时候放风筝的场景了。 5,A推理判断题。由全文最后几个自然段推出，尽管 Patrick Boy在坐牢，但他珍惜的儿时那段放风筝的记忆给了 他力量。 Passage 14 【语篇解读】本文采用夹叙夹议的写作手法，叙述了作 者的理想是成为法官，并考入哈佛大学，但求学路上出现了 各种坎坷。从孙女到四个孩子的母亲，但她始终坚持向理想 前进，最终完成学业的励志故事。 l.C事实细节题。根据第一段中“.，aiming at a legal career and dreaming of sitting on a Supreme Court bench somewhere..”可知作者的梦想是当法官。 2.D事实细节题。根据第二段中“I made the choice to withdraw from college to care for her.”可知作者退学是为了 照顾祖母。 3.A事实细节题。根据第四段中“You can imagine how fully occupied I became.,a joyous zoo..”可知作者忙并快 乐着：第五段通过讲叙作者因为陪孩子的时间少而愧疚，并 要为孩子做个好榜样，体现了其对家庭生活很满意。 4.B主首大意题。通读全文并根据最后一段“.little steps add up to big dreams”可知远B,意为“不积跬步，无以 至千里”；A意为“失败乃成功之母”：C意为“凡事都有两面 性”；D意为“好的开始是成功的一半”。 5,A推理判断题。作者照顾祖母和孩子的同时，坚持 完成了学业，实现了梦想，可知作者既有爱心又有决心。B 意为“诚实并有责任感”：C意为“有抱负并敏感”，D意为“天 真并专心”。 Passage 15 【语篇解读】本文讲述了Tim Richter经历了一次心脏 病手术后，了解到Imagination Library的所作所为，其夫妻 二人决定在退休后加入此计划，成立了Richter Family Foundation如愿给许多孩子送去了书，帮助他们。 1.A事实细节题。裉据第一段后两句“In April1998, he learned he would need a heart operation.It was the kind of news that leads to some serious thinking about life's pur- pose.”可知。 2.B事实细节题。根据第二段中“I thought,maybe Linda and I could do something like this when we retire." 可知。 3.C事实细节题。根据第二段中“..Dolly Parton's foundation that mailed a book every month to children from birth to age five in the singer's home town of Sevier,Ten- nessee..”可知。 4.D事实细节题。根据第四段中“.they went to Dol- lywood for a look-see.'We didn't want to give the children rubbish,’says Linda,”可知。 5.D。推理判断题，根据最后一段Tim所说的话表达了 Tim认为自己所做的努力是非常值得的。 Passage 16 1.C细节理解题。由文章中第二段第一、二句“of skill or character development,imitation...and turned out some tasty dishes'”可知，模仿在学新知识时是有帮助的。 2.B细节理解题。由文章第三段最后一句“If you do not make strong choices for yourself,you will get the results of the weak choices of others'”可知。 3.B细节理解题。由文章第五段中的“The world is changed not by those who do what has been done before them,but by those who do what has been done inside them" 可知。 4.D细节理解题。由文章第五段中第六句“The prob lem a creator faces is not running out of materials,it is what to do with all the material knocking at the door of imagina- tion”可知。 5.A推理判断题。文章从模仿谈到模仿的作用和影 响，在进入一定阶段后，会出现创新，进而说明创新的作用。 Passage 17 1.C细节理解题。根据文章中第二段的句子“the landownership has presented unique challenges to land man- agement”可知西部的土地难以管理，所以应选C项。 2.B推理判断题。最后两段主要讲述的是金线和能源 的使用问题，所以应该选B项。 3.A推理判断题。作者对于太阳能发电厂的态度由 第三段整段的描述可以知道，作者是很谨慎的。 4.B主旨大意题。全篇文章讲述的都是如何利用太阳 能改造西部，所以对应的是B远项。 Passage 18 9 1.D词义猜测题。句意是：这两种动物会和谐相处， 所以裉据句意可知此处的swimmingly与smoothly意为“顺 利自如”意思相同，其他三个远项都不符合题意。 2.C推理判断题。根据第二段中的“(One reason for this is probably that some of their body signals were just op- posite..”所以只有C项符合。 3.C细节理解题。根据第四段的前面可以猫和狗开始 学习对方的语言，所以选择C项。 4.B段落大意题。第四段中说明猫和狗开始学习对方 的语言，所以他们双方并不是完全对立，没有共同点的，相反 他们之间会有越来越多的共同点，所以远择B项。 5.A推理判断题。由最后一段可知猫和狗都可以和 谐相处，更何况我们人类呢！所以远项A正确。 Passage 19 1,D事实细节题。由文章的第二段第一句话“… because she blamed it on her GPS device'”可知，她认为是 GPS导航仪的缘故，所以应远D。 2.C词义猜测题。由第一段中提到她的汽车被火车撞 飞有一公里远，可知她属于九死一生，所以near miss与C项 的narrow escape“九死一生，幸免于难”意思相同，所以选 C项。 3.B逻辑推理题。由第三段和第四段可知Richard Stevenson认为有的时候科技并不像人们期望的那样，并不 能如人所愿，所以答案应选B。 4.A逻辑推理题。在文章的第四段中的第一句作者 对于Richard Stevenson的评价是“The problem with his ar- gument in the book is that it's not clear.,”可知作者对于 Richard的评价是不够辩证，是片面的，所以答案应选A。 5.B主旨大意题。由最后一段的第一句话可知If there is such a way,it should involve more than..倒数第二 段第一句“The game between humans and their..”可知作者 认为人类与高科技之间的关系是复杂的，所以答案是作者告 诉我们他的态度是关注科技与人类的关系。 Passage 20 1.D事实细节题。根据文章第三段中第一句话“()nce they Obtained DNA.,mammoths and mastodons'”可知，D 项符合题意。 2.C猜测词意题。根据文章第四段第二段“The diver- gence of the two species took place..”可知非洲大象被分成 了两种不同的类型。A项为“进度”；B项为“展览”：C项为 “分离”；D项为“考试”。故C项符合题意。 3.A事实细节题。根据文章第三段中“.the team compared them with DNA.”及第六段中“..the proof lay in the analysis of the DNA.”知A项符合句意。 4.A推理判断题。根据文章最后一句话可以得知A 项符合题意。 5.C主旨大意题。这篇文章主要介绍了一篇关于非洲 大象被分成两个不同种类的研究，而且研究者意外的发现这 个结果是在人们意料之外的，故C项符合题意。 Passage 21 1.C推理判断题。从第一段开始的一连串问题可知， 作者是想通过下文的介绍引出问题的答案，故选C项。 2.A细节理解题。由第二段的第一句“Perhaps the best answer lies in..”和最后一句“Perhaps the best reason for exploring..”可知，人类进行外太空的探索是由于人类自 然，天生的求知欲。 3.C词义猜测题。由上句的“which can improve the length or quality of our lives.”和“We have already benefited from.”可知，spin-offs在句中与C项unexpected benefits最 接近，故远C项。 4.C细节理解题。由最后一段的第一句可知，“能让人 类生活在其他星球上是由于人的适应能力。” 5.D主旨大意题。由最后两段可知，全文告诉了我们 人们探索外星球的两点好处是：一能帮助人类传宗接代；二 能帮助人类避免地球现在所面对的危害。故选D项。 Passage 22 L.B细节理解题。由第二段的第四句，“.the spar stable and prevent.,”可知是B项正确。 2.C细节理解题。由第三段的最后一句“…design a new..one whose gearbox sits at..”可知，C项正确。 3.D。推理判断题。由文章最后一句可知，该技术的研 发将对新的低碳能源领域起到开天辟地的作用，故D项正确。 Passage 23 L.A考查细节理解题。由第二段中“.in a green manner-largely through encouraging recycling..”可知A项 符合题意。 2.B考查细节理解题。由第三段第三句“.to burn half of the waste..”以及第二句可知，是迫于压力和避免罚 款，B项符合题意。 3.D考查细节理解题。由文中倒数第二段中“.after 700 local objections reached them.”可知，是当地居民的反 对，故D项符合题意。 4.C考查细节理解题。由全文最后一句可知C项符 合题意。 题源2阅读理解的题型 Passage 1 .A细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，组织音 乐节的目的是为了重新团结欧洲。故选A。 2.D细节理解题。根据第三段in the belief that eve- ryone should have the right to perform可知，他们不请自来 是因为他们认为每个人都有表演的权利。故远D。 3.B细节理解题。根据第四段话groups of students firstly from Edinburgh University,and later from the uni- versities of Oxford and Cambridge,Durham and Birmingham 可知，后来加入的都是大学生，故远B。 4.D主旨大意题。A项未提及：艺术节一直以来都是 演出戏剧、舞蹈等艺术形式，并未超出艺术范围，排除B:文 中只提到由eight administrators来全年工作和管理，故C 错：根据最后一段最后一句可知，艺术节发展非常迅速，D符 合题意，故远D。 Passage 2 l.B事实细节题。从文中第二段可以看到“Christian and Jack,rowed out to a boat to search for a football”可以知 道本题应选to get back their football,所以答案是B。 2.D事实细节题。从文中可以找到“a beach umbrella tied to the boat caught the wind and pulled the boat into open water,”可以知道“it”指的是the wind,所以答案是D。 3.C事实细节题。从文中第五段可以看到“every500 yards or so,he raised his head to judge his progress'”可以知 道Tim常常抬头的目的是为了看游了多远，也就是离孩子 们多远，所以答案是C。 4.A事实细节题。文中倒数第三段有“Tim decided it would be safer and faster for him to pull the boys toward the pier.”可知，两个男孩是被蒂姆拽到码头的，所以答案是A。 Passage 3 I.B根据第二段We travelled the way most people do:the fastest,shortest,easiest road,especially when I was alone with four noisy,restless kids who hate confinement and have strong opinions about everything可知作者以前为 什么喜欢走freeways,结合选项，选B。 2.C事实细节题。根据第三、四段话，可知，由于our lamb was born,且根据第五段话We had to stop every hour, let Banner shake out his legs and feed him可知答案为C。 3.B事实细节题。根据第六段话it was better than the best ride down the freeway和最后一段均说明作者很开 心，这段旅程是生活中最美好的，故答案选B。 4.D事实细节题。前一句everyone started quarreling 是作者asked the kids to get out of the car的原因，故答案 远D。 。 5.A主旨大意题。文章第一段we are defined more by the detours in life than by the narrow road toward goals.I like this image及最后一段话均说明了绕行的魅力。故 选A。 Passage 4 l.D事实细节题。MeCormick被判坐牢的原因是在 商业中进行诈骗，注意不要远B选项致人死亡，因为文中只 是说有造成他人死亡的隐患却没有说致人死亡，注意不要混 淆，所以答案是D。 2.B事实细节题。从第四段中“promote a false sense of security and in all probability materially contributed to causing death and injury to innocent people.”可以推断出，他 所做的事降低了人们预防危险的保障，所以答案是B。 3.D事实细节题。A远项错在文中说了卖到Kenya, 肯尼亚当然在非洲，B选项错在文中并没有提到造成了很严 重的后果，并且McCormick还说了“I never had any bad re sults from my customers”,C选项错在“in fact they 'lacked any grounding in science'and were of no use'”,D在文中提到 了，所以答案是D。 4.C事实细节题。从McCormick最后说的一句话“I never had any bad results from my customers'”可以知道他认 错态度恶劣，并不认为自己的所作所为有多么恶劣，所以答 案是C。 Passage 5 1.A词义推断题。由第一段中“.more people now die from being overweight,or say,from being extremely fat,than from being underweight.It's the good life that's more likely to kill us these days..”可知更多的人死于超重而 不是低体重。这正是今天的好生活杀死了我们。A好生活 对于我们来说比艰难生活更危险。B.饥饿杀死了世界上更 多的人。C世卫组织报告显示人们忽视了食品安全。D. 尽管世卫组织努力，超重问题仍没解决。 2.C事实细节题。由第四段“We really don't have many excuses for our weight problems.The dangers of the problem have been drilled into us by public-health campaigns since2001”可得出答案。 3.C事实细节题。由第四段“A public-health campaign has greatly reduced the number of heart disease deaths by8 0 per cent over the past three decades.”可得出 答案。 4.A主旨大意题。文章前半部分描述超重的危害，后 半部分描述人们明知超重危害寻找各种借口不去减肥。所 以文章最好的题目应该是：“行动或借口？” ·9 Passage 6 1.B事实细节题。由文章第2段第三行可知John Sauven认为开发荒野对自然景观的危害是真的，由第2段可 知B项符合题意。 2.C段落主旨大意题。由第3段可知，Lee Lane提出 了不同观点，荒野中含有人们对于更高的物质需求的原材 料，由“There are ever more people on the Earth,.contain them in abundance,”可知C项为正确选项。 3.A主旨大意题。本题考查作者态度，从全文看来， 作者只是在客观的陈述，而没有多余的评价，故A项“客观 的”为正确答案。B项为“反对的”：C项为“怀疑的”：D项为 “乐观的”。 4.D主旨大意题。从全文看来作者在开头指出了全 文的中心观点，接着又对其进行了论证，在结尾对此进行总 结，故D项为正确远项。 Passage 7 L,C事实细节题。根据第三段中“Head to a natural history museum.This is where kids can discover the past from dinosaur models to rock collections and pictures of stars in the sky.”可知远C。 2.C事实细节题。根据第四段中“Pre-show play shops are...where kids can discover the secret about perform- ing arts.”可排除D,很据“Puppet making and stage make-up are just a couple of the special offerings you might find.”可知 远C。 3.B词义猜测题。根据最后一段“They'll keep your child mentally and physically active the whole day through while pushing buttons,experimenting,and building..”可知 “hands-on science'”是指通过做一些事情来学习科学。 4.C推理判断题。通过全文章结构和内容可知这是 一篇有关于博物馆的导读，故远C。 Passage 8 1.A事实细节题。由文章第二段第一句话可知，不同 颜色所象征的含义主要取决于文化价值及个人经历，由“… while for Muslims,it means heaven.”可知是因为他们的文 化，故A项为正确答案。 2.C事实细节题。由文章第四段第三句话“Similarly, many commercial websites...because red is a color that easily catches a person'seye,”可知红色按钮能更容易吸引人们的 眼球，故C项符合题意。 3.C事实细节题。由文章倒数第二段可知，蓝色能使 人丧失食欲，由“So if you want to eat less,.”可知C项为正 确选项。 5 4.D主旨大意题。整篇文章介绍的不同的颜色在不 同的国家所代表的含义，以及不同的颜色的作用，故D项“颜 色的意义和作用”为正确选项。 Passage 9 l.C事实细节题。由第一段“Several former teachers were on hand to tell stories about the old days.”可知，是讲以 前（过去）发生的事。 2.B推理判断题。由第二段“Some eyes rolled and there were a few low groans when Ms.Yates was about to speak.Many started looking at their watches and coming up with excuses to be anywhere...”可以推出，学生们还没听就 开始抱怨，听讲座时又频频看时间，找理由离开，这一切的一 切都说明他们不喜欢Yates夫人授课的方式。 3.A推理判断题。由文章四、五、六、七段可知Yates 一直关注毕业生们的成长，关注他们的事业，所取得的进步 和胜利，对他们的不幸感到难过等等，都说明她一直关注学 生们的成长。 4.C事实细节题。由第六段“It was my belief that if I pushed you as hard as I could,some of you would succeed to please me and others would succeed to annoy me.”可知，总 被督促的学生更容易成功。 5.D推理判断题。由文章第二段最后一句“.from an old woman who had few kind words for her students and made them work harder than all the other teachers com- bined.”及后来一直关注学生成长可推出，Yeats夫人很严厉 也很关心人。 Passage 10 L.A词义猜测题。根据第一段中“The firstborn is, for a while,an only child,...The next child is,for a while, the youngest,...The mother and father themselves are chan- ging and growing up,too.”可知“in a different family'”是“在 不同的家庭环境”的意思，故选A。 2.B事实细节题。根据第二段“Later-borns don't enjoy that much talking time with parents,but instead they harvest lessons from bigger brothers and sisters..”可知选B。 3.D事实细节题。根据第三段中“A Cambridge Uni- versity study of 140 children found that siblings created a rich world of play that helped them grow socially.”和“Love- hate relationships were common among the children.Even those siblings who fought the most had just as much positive communication as the other sibling pairs.”可知选D。 4.B词义猜测题。根据“Girls with brothers show their differences to a maximum degree by being more 。9 feminine than girls with sisters..”中的比较可知“与兄弟在一 起的女孩们要比与姐妹在一起的女孩们最大程度地展现出 她们的女性特征。”故远B。 Passage 11 1.A主旨大意题。从第一段第一句“Grown-ups are often..”和接下来的几个句子都是对第一句的举例，可知第 一段主要讲述了人们对他们在童年时期学的东西记得很好。 故选A项。 2.D事实细节题。由第二段可知“()ne explanation..… as follows.,”可知，是通过举例子的方法进行说明。故选 D项。 3.A事实细节题。由第四段最后一句“because they are another of the things we overlearn in school”可知，A项 正确。 4.B主旨大意题。由最后一段的倒数两句可知“作者 对突击学习不很肯定，但是一点点可以帮助一个人的未来发 展”。可知B项正确。 5.B细节理解题。由末段的“but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned”可知答案。 Passage 12 1.C推理判断题。由第二段“When electricity was dis- covered in the late 1800s,people living in remote areas began to use them to produce electricity.This allowed them to have electric lights and radio.”可知C项正确。 2.B细节理解题。由第二段第二句“When electricity was discovered in the late 1800s,people living in remote areas began to use them to produce electricity.”可知B项符 合题意。 3.A推理判断题。由第三段"During the1970s, people started becoming concerned about the pollution that is created when coal and gas are burned to produce electricity... Then,wind was rediscovered..”可知A项符合题意。 4.D推理判断题。由文章最后一段可知，这一段主要 说明风能被重新发现并使用。那么下文应讨论如何使用。 故D项符合题意。 Passage 13 L.D细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“Homestay pro- vides English language students with the opportunity to speak English outside the classroom and the experience of being part of a British home.”可知，住在当地居民家为学习 英语的学生提供了在教室外说英语的机会，并让他们有作为 英国家庭成员的经历，故选D。 2.A细节理解题。根据第二段中的“accommodation and meals.Rooms will be cleaned and bedcovers changed... the house key..offer help and advices'”可知，房东可以提供 食宿，打扫房间换床单，给钥匙并提供帮助和建议等。 3.B推理判断题。根据第三段第一、二句“Homestays are located in London mainly in Zones 2,3 and 4 of the trans- port system.Most hosts do not live in the town centre as much of central London is commercial and not residential." 知，寄宿家庭主要在第二、三、四区，大多数房东不住在伦敦 市中心，因为市中心是商业区，而非居住区，故选B。 4.C细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Your accommo- dation includes Continental Breakfast which normally consists of fruit juice,cereal,bread and tea or coffee.”可知， 欧式早餐包括果汁、谷物类食物、面包以及茶或者咖啡。 5.D推理判断题。根据最后一段第三句“However,.it does not provide the same family atmosphere as an ordinary homestay...”可知，自炊式寄宿不能像普通寄宿那样享受到 家庭气氛，所以排除A项；根据第五段第一句“If you wish to invite a friend over to visit,you must first ask your host's permission.”可知，要想邀请朋友来访，必须首先获得房东的 允许，所以C项错误；根据最后一段中的“not benefit those. to practice English at home..”可排除B项；最后一段提到 "This kind of accommodation offers an independent lifestyle and is more suitable for the long-stay student.”再结合文章第 一段内容可知，D项正确。 Passage 14 L.C事实细节题。根据第一段“】got a taste of that dream in2o0l,when my husband..for my birthday'”可知 选C。 2.D推理判断题。由第二段“I wrote about my desire to skydive,stating George Bush Sr..did it at age80.”可知，作 者是为了使大家相信她自己也做得到。 3.D推理判断题。第三段“When we first hit the air, the wind was so strong that I could hardly breathe.”和“Fora second I thought,.,What have I gotten myself into?'”可推出 作者有点后悔。 4.B事实细节题。由第三段“Being up in the clouds and looking at the view below was unlike anything I have ever felt--much better than the hot air ballon.”和“I was just enjoying it.”可推出选B。 Passage 15 1.A推理判断题。由第一段“That‘quite’saddened me.I thought he was saying...we had hired someone else" 推出，作者觉得银行并没认同他的能力，雇佣了别人。 ·9 2.D词义猜侧题。人们做事的方式会使文化差异性 变得更加明显，突出“highlight'”为“使突出，使强调”。 3.B事实细节题。由第三段“Mostly,it is just a ques- tion of getting used to the differences and accepting them 推出，作者可以理解并且适应这种文化差异性。 4.B事实细节题。由第四段“If you invite people. turn up exactly on time in Germany”可知德国人很守时。 Passage 16 L.B推理判断题。由第一段“一but what about the less famous inventors”和最后一段“Today we benefit from countless inventions and innovations,”可推出，作者觉得和爱 迪生、贝尔相比，发明家的知名度虽然低，但是是有用的。 2.D事实细节题。由第二段“When students learn the answers to these questions,they are better prepared to recognize opportunities for inventing and more motivated to give inventing a ry”可知，课程是为了促进学生做好准备去尝试发明。 3.B推理判断题。由第三段中“If I had not heard the story of...""I never would have dreamed of turning my bad experience during a rainstorm into something so constructive..”可知，雨制器发明的故事正是他灵感的源泉。 4.C主旨大意题。本文圆绕“雨刮器发明的故事”展开， 结合第一段末句“Shouldn't we know who they are?”可知。 Passage 17 L.B根据文章第一段的第二句话“.has been com memorating the true feeling of what folk music is all about..”可以得到B项为正确远项。 2.A事实细节题。由文章第二段第一句话可以得知 A项符合题意，由文章第二段后两句可知B项不正确，由第 三段可以得出C、D项不正确。 3.B此题为推理判断题。B项指的是这个音乐节一直 组织得很好，由文章第三段“With so many years of experi- ence,.a well--oiled machine..”可知B项为正确选项。 4.B主旨大意题。考查文章的标题，通读全文可以得 知，整篇文章都在介绍Edmonton's Downtown Park这个节 目，故B项符合题意。 Passage 18 1.A事实细节题。由文章第一段最后两句话“What Henry Ford did was to...them better....a moving production line”可知A为正确答案。 2.B事实细节题。由文章第二段“It was the best way of.”可知B项为正确答案。 3.C猜测词义题。由第四段“That sale was the begin- ning of...”的前一句话“Inl903,a doctor..from that compa- ny”可知C项为正确选项。 4.A推理判断题。根据文章Henry Ford的梦想是什 么，从第四段第八行“I will build a motor car for the great mass of people..”可知A项为正确答案。 Passage 19 1.B细节推断题。根据第一段第三句中的“town criers”可知，B项正确。 2.A词义推断题。this指代的是上一句的“The London Gazette was the first newspaper to set aside a place just for advertising”故选A。 3.D细节推断题。根据第三段第二句“Ad writers were starting to pay more attention to the design of the ad text”可知，故远D。 4.A主旨大意题。本文由开头引出广告，介绍了广告 的发展，以及广告的作用，可知整个文章都在介绍 advertising,故远A项。 Passage 20 1.D。推理判断题。由第一段内容可知，作者要强调的 是大脑的重要作用。故远D。 2.B词义猜测题。由第二段的最后一句“The problem is that if we invest little time in a person'”可知说的是与他人 的关系。故与connection的关系最为接近，故选B项。 3.A作者观点题。由第一段和第三段的第一句“This is not,valuable function”可知，A项正确。 4.D作者态度题。由最后一段的最后一句“The internet will show.eventually'”可知作者在怀疑网络在加强 方面的作用，故远D项。 Passage 21 1.D事实细节题。很据文章第二段中的“..that cus tomers receiving good service will promote business by..." 知顾客服务得好，企业生意就好。 2.C逻辑推理题。文章第三段中提到人们逐渐用电话 或网络来购买商品和服务，很多公司开始开设电话服务来应 对电话投诉，由此可知，现在对商家而言如何处理消费者日 益增多的投诉是紧要的。 3.C事实细节题。由文中第五段中的“Recommend ways of creating customer delight include.,”中的例子可知，承诺顾客5 小时修好，可实际上2小时内完成，会让顾客非常满意。 4.A逻辑推理题。由第六段中“This can be eased by offering an apology...”可知，最好的方式是道款。 5,B逻辑推理题。由文章第七段中的“Airlines face some of the toughest.,potential for customer”可知，对航空 业而言，让消资者满意有着无可替代的重要性。 ·9 6.C逻辑推理题。由文章最后一段中的“…and it would be a foolish company that used slogans such as.”可推 断出，精明的企业往往不是空喊口号，而是注重实践行动。 Passage 22 1.D主旨大意题。由文中第二段“.…evidence shows human progress to be both unavoidable..”可知。 2.A细节判断题。由文章标题“Shopping fuels inven- tion”和“..we use these things..the better off we'lbe.” 可知。 3.D推理判断题。文中“Brilliant advances'”部分中的 “the four most basic human needs..”可知。 4.B推理判断题。文章最后一段“Let's not kill our- selves for climate change”标题下的解释暗示了人类对气候 的过度反应可能导致危险。 Passage 23 l.B推理判断题。由文章第二段中的“start using their phones to buy coffee...the first pay-by-phone practice... called near field communication(NFC)gets into..”可知，手 机付款这项业务在美国会兴起。 2.C细节理解题。由文章第三段中“.NFC allows shoppers to wave their phones.,”可知这种技术能被用来更 快更便宜地购买东西。 3.B细节理解题。由文章第三段中提到的三大手机服 务供应商在付款行业中获得的股份可知，他们将领导美国从 刷卡到手机付款业的变苹。 4.A细节判断题。由文章最后一段中的“.it can be located on a map and..password protected..”可知。 Passage 24 1,B词义猜测题。由pump作动词的用法“to keep asking someone for information,especially in a way that is not direct.”可推断出，pump意为“打听消息”。 2.C逻辑推理题。由文章中pump sth.out的词条中 "to produce words or loud music in a way that is repeated" 知，Sally应该对电视上不断的推销广告感到生气和恼火。 3.A事实细节题。由文章中pump-priming的词条中 “.to develop by giving it money'”可知，政府提供财政支持。 4.D事实细节题。根据字典中关于punch词条中 punch作名词时意为“the power to be interesting...”可知 Sylⅵa意为“他的演讲不错，但缺乏趣味和力度”。 Passage 25 【语篇解读】此文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章，作者通过讲 叙自己的亲身经历，讨论了帮助别人和被人帮助的问题。 L.A事实细节题。根据第一段中“I see it every day when people hold doors for me,....And I have discovered that it makes them happy..”可知当人们帮助别人时，他们自己也 会快乐。 2.D事实细节题。根据第二段中“，but sometimes I feel sad because those who appear independent miss the kind- ness I see daily”可知。 3.B推理判断题。根据第五段中“But instead of getting impatient and angry,they waited,knowing the driver in front of them was in some way weak,”可知。 4.C事实细节题。根据最后一段中“More often,it would be better if we don't pretend we feel strong when we feel weak or pretend that we are brave when we are scared." 可知。 5.B主旨大意题。根据文章主旨可知，本文主要讨论 接受帮助与给予帮助的问题。 Passage 26 1.B词义猜测题。根据第一段最后一句“Companies fearful of losing their competitive advantage spend much time and money looking for ways to pick up the speed.”可知gain an edge意为“获得竞争优势”。 2.D词义猜测题。根据第二段两种公司的比较结果可 得，花费较少时间的公司要比花费较多时间的公司表现得好。 3.C推理判断题。根据第四段“In our study,higher- performing companies with strategic speed always made changes when necessary.”可知。 4.D主旨大意题。根据文章主旨可知，公司要想发 展，实现自身目标，不能一味地强调速度，应该减慢速度提高 工作效率，必要时进行改革，故选D。 Passage 27 1.B细节理解题。根据第二段的句子“.as well as promoting reading as an experience to be shared in families and schools..The idea came from.”可知the purpose of the project为B项。 2.C细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的第一句话“… where local readers could not decide on one book to repre- sent,”可知答案为C选项。 3.D细节理解题。通过对文章的整体理解能够很容 易展开项目的地方是那些像纽约一样的大城市，所以答案为 D远项。 4.A猜测词义题。根据倒数第一段的句子“but by how many people are enriched by the process,or have enjoyed speaking to..”可知share与exchange同义替换，所 。9 以答案为A远项。 5.C细节理解题。本句题千的重，点是说人数在下列远 项中只有C项满足人数的翩译，并且benefit与enrich是同 意替换，所以正确选项为C。 Passage 28 1,B细节理解题。结合第一段内容以及下文的内容， 可知本文以埃及法老对待坏消息传递者的方式引出话题。 2.C推理判断题。由第二段后半部分的内容可知，作 者认为邻居不为他人着想。 3.A句意理解题。由第三段“I breathlessly put my handful of cash'”可知：作者听到售栗员的话后快要疯了。 4.A主旨大意题。文章开头提到法老的故事以及介 绍后面的小故事，主要为了说明在交际中，合适地传递一些 不好的消息是很重要的。 Passage 29 L.C词义猜测题。在本文中根据sample后的宾语 “traditional Shanghai food”可猜出sample在本文中的含义 是taste 2.A细节理解题。在Days9-l0 Chengdu-Xi'an部分 提到游客们首先参观兵马桶，在Days 11一l3:Xi'an一Beijing 部分提到在飞往北京前看大清真寺，所以本题A项正确。 3.D细节理解题。根据Days 11-l3:Xi'an-Beijing 部分的日程安排，第二句“Later fly to Beijing for three night's stay and try Peking Duck”和Dayl4:Beijing-UK的 日程安排“Fly back to the UK..”可知D项“游客在动身飞回 英国前在北京停留三个夜晚”为正确答案。 4.A确定广告意图。这则广告是介绍到中国的儿座著 名城市的数日游，其主要目的在于鼓励英国公民到中国旅游。 Passage 30 1.A细节理解题。由本文第一句中的“.it was for an important date”以及最后一段第一句“that night and telling my girlfriend the above story,”可知他急着去见女朋友。 2.B细节理解题。由前面的“She smiled.It was a nice smile..”,可知她的礼物是她的微笑。 3.C细节理解题。由前面对话的内容可总结出她给了 他很大的鼓励。 4.C主旨大意题。从老妇和我之间的对话以及故事后 面的完美结局可知：爱和善良会有回报的。 Passage 31 1.He wanted to save up money and buy his own car. 2.The manager particularly expected them to offer fast service with a friendly smile. 3.He loves his co-workers and all the customers know who he is. 4.He learned teamwork,devotion and staying positive in rough situations. Passage 32 1.C2.E3.D4.F5.B Passage 33 1.manners 2.Greeting 3.Bowing 4.Muslim 5.door 6.lunch 7.UK 8.introducing 9.with 10.around Passage 34 1.Advantages and disadvantages of televised sport. 2.digital broad casting 3.A health benefit. 4.There are/will be(some)disadvantages 5.televised sport Passage 35 1.Teaching/Education/Schooling 2.preparation 3.school(s) 4.content 5.politely 6.managing 7.think 8.fit 9.society 10.life Passage 36 1.self-centred/subjective 2.involves 3.determine/define/know/understand 4.expectations/hopes/desires/wishes 5.occurs/happens/exists/arises 6.reading/understanding/knowing 7.behaviors/acts/action(s)/activities ·10 8.conveying/expressing 9.erase/remove/delete/change 10.can't/cannot 专题十五补全短文 十年高考母题原型训练 A组 题源补全短文的文体 Passage 1 1.B引出原谅别人的方法，属于总领“你应该如何开 始原谅别人呢？”这句话更合题意。 2.F此题和让自己保持冷静有关，故F项“为了让愤 怒消失，可以尝试一些简单的压力管理技巧”更合题意。 3.G此段说的是不要等待别人道歉，出现apologize 这个词的只有G项，故远G。 4.D此段说的是换位思考，理解冒犯你的人的立场， 故D项，尝试从你的冒犯者角度去看事情，符合题意。 5.E此段讲的是原谅自己，故E项，对一些人来说，原 谅自己是最大的挑战，更合题意。 Passage 2 L.E根据1空之前“Such changes often leave us without a friend'”以及第一段最后一句“Below are some helpful suggestions on how to make and keep friends.”可知，此空是说交 朋友对于一些人来说很容易与后句“But for many of us the process is difficult and requires courage”形成鲜明对比。 2.C由2空处后"You can always start the conversa ton”可知，我们也可以主动和他人交谈而不是被动地等待。 3.B由3_空处后面段落中“as these interests would always bring you and your friend together'”推出，题千应为 “一起做事情”比较合适。 4.G由“Let it grow'”下面的段落大意可以推出，我们 不该以电话、短信或拜访的方式给予朋友压力，而应该顺其 自然地慢慢培养友谊。 5.D由此段第一句中“allow your friends to be them selves”以及“Try not to change them from who they are to what you want them to be,”可知，我们不应该挑朋友的错 误，而应尊重他们本采的样子。 Passage 3 1.C文章第一句说每个人都会有压力，而1空后闸述 释放压力的不同方式，故远C。 2.F本段主要在说当你需要帮助时，应该找你信任的 人聊聊，并列举儿个你可以找的人，因此此处最佳远项为F。 0第三模块 阅读理解 专题十四阅读理解 考纲·题型解读 1.掌握所读材料的主旨和大意，以及用以说明主旨和大意的事实和细节。 2.慨理解具体的事实，也理解抽象的概念。 3.既理解字面意思，也理解深层含义，包括作者的意图、态度等。 4.能理解某句、某段的意义，并能把握全篇的文脉，即句与句、段与段之间的关系，并能据此进行推理和判断。 5.能根据材料所提供的信息，结合中学生应有的常识正确判断生词的含义。 十年高考母题题源揭秘 意图、故事前因或结局的推测等方面着手，考查考生对细节的辨 题源1阅读篇目题材形式特征 认能力以及推理判断能力。 1.科技小品：介绍科普知识、科研动态以及科技成果的开 6.史地文化：涉及某个（或几个）国家、地区、河流、山脉、海 发、特点、用途等。该类文章理论性、逻辑性较强，叙述有条理、 洋、城镇等的地理位置以及与之相关的社会生活、政治经济、人 层次分明。特点是科技词汇较多，句于长且结构复杂难懂；同 文历史、自然资源、文化习俗等方面的情况，相当一部分文章还 时，由于文章所介绍的知识对部分考生而言可能是完全陌生的， 附有图表供理解或选择。考生必须弄清各个地名、人名之间的 这就使得科普文章成为令考生比较头疼的一类题材。考生应运 相互关系和各个国家或地区之间的位置关系，结合所学的史地 用词法、句法规则并根据上下文去猜测词义，理解难句，以达到 知识，选择正确答案。 理解全篇、把握主旨的目的。 7.幽默小品：这类文章是对社会生活、人的性格特点、行为 2.说理小品：有理论，有事实。作者往往根据一些很普通的 举止的某些可笑的特征进行喜剧性描绘的特殊文体。其特点是 事实，通过严谨的思维、缜密的推理得出一个具有普遍性或指导 对事情本身的描绘符合人们的一般思维习愤，而在文章的最后 性的观点。该类文章逻辑性较强，命题往往从事实的有关细节 出其不意地点出其违背常理或不符合逻辑的地方。但由于中西 以及文章的主旨或作者的表达意图等方面着手，考查考生的思 方人思维方式的差异，加之考生生活经验或阅历等方面的欠缺， 维能力和判断能力。 往往不能品味出其幽默所在。因此，解题时需要考生仔细揣摩 3.新闻报道：这类文章有非常鲜明的特点。 事情发生的背景及作者的意图，特别要把握文章的最后几句，分 (1)主题突出文章的第一句话或第一段即是对整篇文章 析它们与上文的对应关系，找出文章的“幽默点”。 的高度概括。以下各句（各段）才是详细介绍（节选段落除外）。 8.图形表格：无文宇表述，或只有少量的文字表述。要求考 (2)要点明显写作要点即五个“W”(when,where,who, 生依据所提供的图表进行理解或描述。常见的图表有流程图、 what,why)的表述一目了然。但命题时往往不会几点俱全，而 地图、演示图、直方图、平面图等。阅读时必须弄清图表中各部 需要考生依据已提供的几个“W”,以及各“W”之间的联系去推 分的对应关系，同时针对题目要求进行有目的的识读。 出未知的“W”,同时也不排除对细节的理解。 4.人物传记：以叙述某个人物的生平事迹，趣闻轶事、生活 解题模型1.1 背景、成长或奋斗历程等为主。其特点是以时间的先后或事情 测试中常使用的阅读方法 的发展为主线，脉络清楚，可读性较强。因此这类文章应该抓住 1.顺序法：即先看文章，然后看试题，再回到文章查找 时间线索来获取有关信息，即主人翁在某个时间做什么，然后通 有关信息。该法适用于解题时间充足、文章篇幅较长、需 过分析推理、综合归纳的方法进行解题。 要获取的信息较多或需对全篇进行整体理解的场合。阅 5.短篇故事：与人物传记不同的是，这类文章一般描述的是 读时一般采取快速阅读法，注意关键词句和段落，找准主 一件具体事情的发生、发展或结局，有人物、时间、地点和事情。 线、掌握大意，并能记住主要细节的分布，点。 命题往往从故事的情节、人物或事情之间的关系、作者的态度及 187 Mobile phone conversations are not permitted anywhere in 2.逆向法：即先看试题，了解试题题千以及各个选项 the library.Keep your phone on silent as if you were in a lecture 所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对相关 and exit the library if you need to receive calls. 信息进行快速定位，再将其进行整合、甄别、分析、对比，有 Please note that food and fruit are forbidden in the library, 根有据地排除干扰项，选出正确答案。该法有较大的针对 but you are allowed to have drinks and sweets with you. 性和准确性，适用于时间较紧、文章篇幅不长、需要获取的 ( )1.The library's upper floor is mainly for students to 信息不多，试题与文章联系密切，不太需要做深层次理解 A.read in a quiet place 的场合。特别适用于对图形表格类题材的理解。采用该 B.have group discussions 法还有一个明显的优点，即许多文章中难以理解的词、句、 C.take comfortable seats 段等往往在试题中有简洁明了的阚述。 D.get their computers fixed 3.标注法：即在通读短文和试题后，标注中心句并把 ( )2.Library computers on the ground floor 与试题有关的词、句、段标注相应的题号。该法具有很大 A.help students with their field experiments 的针对性和稳妥性，便于对照分析和复查验证。有些考生 B.contain software essential for schoolwork 在阅读时喜欢在不认识的单词以及不理解的句子、语段下 C.are for those who want to access the wi-fi 面画线或打上标记，这是一个不好的习惯，应予以摒弃。 D.are mostly used for filling out application forms 4.摘录法：即在阅读的同时把一些重要信息，特别是 )3.What condition should be met to book a group-study 一些重要数据按一定的解题要求摘录到一张空白纸上。 room? 其优，点是别除大部分无关内容，使原先杂乱无章、扑朔迷 A.group must consist of 8 people. 离的信息或数据简洁化、明朗化，从而易于看出其内在的 B.Three-hour use per day is the minimum. 联系。该法特别适用于推理性、智力性较强或数据比较复 C.One should first register at the university. 杂的文章。 D.Applicants must mark the room on the map. )4.A student can rent a locker in the library if he [真题1](2023·天津) A.can afford the rental fee Guide to Stockholm University Library B.attends certain coursed Our library offers different types of studying places and pro- C.has nowhere to put his books vides a good studying environment. D.has earned the required credits Zones ( )5.What should NOT be brought into the library? The library is divided into different zones.The upper floor is A.Mobile phones. a quiet zone with over a thousand places for silent reading,and B.Orange juice. places where you can sit and work with your own computer.The C.Candy. reading places consist mostly of tables and chairs.The ground D.Sandwiches. floor is the zone where you can talk.Here you can find sofas and [解析]l.A细节理解题。题千中的the upper floor是 armchairs for group work. 有关地方的信息，这暗示我们可以在Zones这个段落里找到答 Computers 案。根据The upper floor is a quiet zone with over a thousand You can use your own computer to connect to the wi-fi spe- places for silent reading可知答案为A。 cially prepared for notebook computers,you can also use library 2.B细节理解题。在Computers部分可以找到答案为B。 computers,which contain the most commonly used applications, 3.C细节理解题。在Group-study Places中可以找到答 such as Microsoft Office.They are situated in the area known as 案为C。 the Experimental Field on the ground floor. 4.D细节理解题。从题千可知答案出现在Storage of Group-study Places Study Material中，根据When you have obtained at least40cred If you want to discuss freely without disturbing others,you its,you may rent a locker..可知答案为D。 can book a study room or sit at a table on the ground floor.Some 5.D细节理解题。在Rules to be followed部分可以找到 study rooms are for 2-3 people and others can hold up to 6-8 答案为D。 people.All rooms are marked on the library maps. [真题2](2023·安微) There are 40 group-study rooms that must be booked via the Argentina in the late nineteenth century was an exciting website.To book,you need an active University account and a place,.Around 1870,it was experiencing an economic(经济的) valid University card.You can use a room three hours per day, boom,and the capital,Buenos Aires,attracted many people. nine hours at most per week. Farmers,as well as a flood of foreigners from Spain and Italy, Storage of Study Material came to Buenos Aires seeking jobs.These jobs didn't pay well, The library has lockers for students to store course and the people felt lonely and disappointed with their new life in literature..When you have obtained at least40 credits(学分)， the city.As the unhappy newcomers mixed together in the poor you may rent a locker and pay 400 SEK for a year's rental period. parts of the city,the dance known an the tango(探戈舞)came Rules to be Followed into being. ·188· At the beginning the tango was a dance of the lower classes. 从第四段第三句话可以排除B项，从第四段最后一句排除D项。 It was danced in the bars and streets.At that time there were 4.B主旨大意题。本文介绍的是探戈舞的历史，所以选 many fewer women than men,so if a man didn't want to be left 择B项。 out,his only choice was to dance with another man so that he 题源2阅读理解的题型 could attract the attention of the few available women. Gradually,the dance spread into the upper classes of 主旨大意型此题型要求考生在理解全文后归纳文章要 Argentinean society and became more respectable. 点，概括中心思想，考生需要分析文章的篇章结构，抓住文章开 In Europe at this time,strong interest in dance from around 头的主题句或文章最后的结论，从而找出能概括文章主旨的题 the world was beginning.This interest in international dance was 目和中心思想。 especially evident in Paris.Every kind of dance from ballet( 推理判断型此题型要求考生根据全文所提供的事实及自 to belly dancing could be found on the stages of the Paris 已的一些常识为依据，进行合理的逻辑推测，判断作者的意图， theaters.After tango dances from Argentina arrive in Europe, 人物的动机、目的，以及性格特征、事件发生的前因后果。 they began to draw the interest of the public and they performed 待测词义型此题型要求考生通过阅读上下文，根据已知 their exciting dance in cafes.Though not everyone approved of 的信息或常识为推测尚不熟悉的词或词组的语义。 the new dance,saying it was a little too shocking,the dance did 事实细节型此题型要求考生根据文章所提供的直接信息 find enough supporters to make it popular. 选择正确答案，考生一般可以直接从文章中找出明确的答案，此 The popularity (of the tango continued to grow in 题型难度较小，属于浅层理解题。但是做题时需要十分仔细，能 many other parts of the world.Soldiers who returned to the 迅速从文中找出相对应的信息并做出选择。 United States from World War I brought the tango to North 事实上，不少的题目往往是跨类型的，做这样的划分只是为 America.It reached Japan in 1926,and in 2003 the Argentinean 了便于说明问题而已。下面按题型将阅读理解篇目分为四个专 embassy in Seoul hired a local tango dancer to act as a kind of 题供大家参考学习。 dance ambassador,and promote tango dancing throughout South Korea. 解题模型2.1 ()1.The origin of the tango is associated with 主旨大意型 A.belly dances 主旨大意题是阅读理解中要求较高、难度较大的题型 B.American soldiers 之一，是很能体现试题区分度的题型，一般占整个阅读理 C.Spanish city 解题量的20%以上。主旨大意题要求考生对全文或某一 D.the capital of Argentina 部分的内容进行合理的归纳，重在考查考生的理解和概括 )2.Which of the following is TRUE about the tango? 能力。一般来说，该类题目主要是对文章或段落的中心进 A.It was created by foreigners from Spain and Italy. 行陈述，或是选择文章的标题。有些文章，尤其是说明文 B.People of the upper classes loved the tango most. 和议论文，往往有主题句表明中心思想；但有些文章，比如 C.It was often danced by two male in the beginning. 记叙文，往往没有明确的主题句，需要考生在认真体会并 D.A dancer in Seoul became the Argentinean ambas- 明确作者的写作意图的基础上概括文章的中心。 sador. 主旨大意题常见的提问方式有： ( )3.Before World War 1,the tango spread to What is the main idea of the passage? A.America B.Japan What is the main subject of this passage? C.France D.South Korea What is the main topic of this passage? )4.What can be the best title for the text? What does the passage mainly discuss? A.How to Dance the Tango The best title for this passage would be/might be/ B.The History of the Tango is C.How to Promote the Tango What might be the best title of this passage? D.The Modern Tango Boom The most suitable title of the passage is [解析]1.D细节理解题。根据文章第一、二段介绍的 Which is the best suggested title? 探戈舞的起源，belly dancing是当时在欧洲流行的舞蹈之一，与 做主旨大意题时，考生可以遵循以下原则：(1)判断文 探戈舞的起源无关，因此A项排除；一战归来的美国士兵将探戈 章中有无明确的主题句，如果有，找出主题句在文章中的 舞带到了美国，这属于探戈舞的发展史而不是起源，所以B项可 位置。(2)如果文章中没有明确的主题句，就需理顺全文， 以排除；在C与D项之间，这是两个专有名词，读第一段可知探 概括文章的中心。考生在归纳文章的主题时，需要注意的 戈舞起源于阿根廷首都，所以选择D项。 是：选项的本意和外延必须能恰如其分地概括文章的主 2.C细节理解题。A项属于文中未提及的细节，根据第 题，既不能范围过大，也不能把某一细节或侧面误当做主 二段首句和最后一句可知B项也不符合题干，可以排除。根据 题。阅读时考生还应注意捕捉文章中出现频率较高的词 第二段第三句话和首句可以得出正确选项为C。 汇以及文章和段落的主题句。在选择文章题目时，还应注 3.C细节理解题。从第三段第一句及第二句话可推出答案 意语言方面的特点：文章题目的语言往往简练、醒目。 C项，题目所问第一次世界大战，从第四段第二句话可以排除A项， ·189 and floor to ceiling.It comfortably covers an area up to 350 (探析1) square feet.Other heaters heat rooms unevenly with most of the 主题句在篇首 heat concentrated to the center of the room.And they only heat 一般来说，新闻报道的第一段首先概括全文的中心， an area a few feet around the heater.With the EP,the tempera- 然后再详细叙述事件的发生、发展和结局，因此第一段常 ture will not vary in any part of the room. 常是全文的主题句。另外，一些说明性或议论性文章也会 The EP comes with a 3-year warranty()and a 60-day 开门见山地点出文章要说明的中心或阐述的观点，其主题 no questions asked.Satisfaction guarantee.If you are not totally 句一般是文章的第一句话或在文章的第一段。应当注意 satisfied,return it to our expertise and your money will be given 的是：考生在捕捉文章的主题句时，应该对包含主题句的 back to you. 段落进行适当分析。 Now,we have a special offer for 10 days,during which you (探析2) can enjoy a half price discount and a free delivery.If you order 主题句在篇中 that,we reserve the right to either accept or reject order requests 在一些议论文或说明文中，作者首先列举或说明人们 at the discounted price. 的错误观点或认识误区，然后再点明自己的观点，最后用 Take action right now! 充分的事实依据来论证自己的观点或真实的情况，这样文 )1.What is mainly discussed in Paragraph 2? 章的主题句就出现在文章的中间。 A.The heat of the EP (探析3) B.The safety of the EP. 主题句在篇尾 C.The appearance of the EP. 在一些说明文或议论文中，作者首先描述一般的问题 D.The material of the EP. 或现象，然后具体阐迷正确的方式或自己的观点。等到把 ( )2.From the passage,we can learn that the EP 一切问题都说透了，所有论据都摆全了，作者才在最后用 A.doesn't burn up oxygen 一句话来概括全文，点明文章的中心。此种情况下文章的 B.runs without any noise 主题句往往出现在最后。 C.makes people get sleepy (探析4) D.is unsuitable for children and pets 回顾全文，概括文章主题 )3.The underlined word "evenly"in Paragraph 4 probably 阅读中最棘手的恐怕要数所选的短文出现无主题句 means 的情况。如果没有主题句，考生可以采用提纲挈领法，通 A.continuously B.separately 过分析细节把文章的要点归纳出来。尤其是记叙文，作者 C.quickly D.equally 仅仅叙述所发生的事件或介绍人物，并不发表自己的观 )4.The main purpose of the passage is to 点，因此主题往往比较含蓄和隐蔽。同学们可具体参考如 A.persuade people to buy the product 下方法寻找文章的主题思想： B.advise people to save on heating bills 1.判断出文章的主题究竞是一个人、一个地方还是一 C.report the new development of portable heaters 件事情，或某一概念、设想等；也可能是某一事件的过程或 D.compare the difference of different heater brands 解决某一事件的方法。总之，人、物、地点、设想或过程都 [解析]1.B主旨大意题。通过第二段第二句话可知所 可能成为文章的主题。 讨论话题为安全问题，故选B。 2.读完文章后应有意识地回味一下文章的大致内容， 2.A事实细节题。考生需要定位选项当中的关键词，再 理一理文章的脉络，体会一下段与段之间的内在联系，这 与文中原句进行比较。A选项可通过oxygen一词直接定位到 样文章的中心基本上就能概括出来。 文中第三段首句，即为正确答案。B选项文中第一段最后一句 中“runs almost silent'”,太绝对化。C定位sleepy一词，在第三 [真题3](2023·北京) 段第二句话；D定位children and pets在第二段第二句话，均与 EP Portable Heater 文章意思相悖，故选A。 We all know that the cost of heating our homes will continue 3.D猜测词义题。画线单词所在句为此段首句，后面的 to be a significant burden on the family budget.Now millions of 句子均在解释加热器的特点，由后文中的“wall to wall'"和“floor people are saving on their heating bills with the EP Portable to ceiling”,以及直接介绍与其他加热器的区别的信息，可知 Heater.With over one million satisfied customers around the evenly译为“均匀的”，故选D。 world,the new EP heats better and faster,saves more on 4.A主旨大意题。文章最后一句给出了明确的指示。 heating bills,and runs almost silent. The EP has no exposed heating parts that can cause a fire. 解题模型2.2 The outside of EP only gets warm to the touch so that it will not 推理判断型 burn children or pets. 一般情况下，我们所阅读的文章往往比较含蓄，需要我 The Ep will not reduce oxygen in the room.With other 们自己去领悟文章的内在含义。如果我们只研究语言的字 heaters,you'll notice that you get sleepy when the heat comes on because they are burning up oxygen. 面意思，就会妨碍我们对文章的真正理解。我们应该根据作 The advanced EP also heats the room evenly,wall to wall 者所提供的信息进行推理，得出结论，从而达到真正理解文 190 章的目的。在推理时，我们必须：(1)理解文章的字面意 (探析4) 义：(2)注意作者遣词造句的特点，弄清词句的深层含义； 组织结构题 (3)时刻提醒自己，作者有其特定的写作意图；(4)利用文 此类题目要求考生判断作者的写作手法以及文章的后 章中明确表示的内容进行推理，挖掘文章中的隐含意义。 续内容或延伸意义。做判断作者的写作手法的题目时，考生 其题目的设计方式一般有： 应该结合篇章的结构去判断：做判断文章的后续内容或延伸 We can infer from the passage that 意义的题目时，考生需要根据文章内容进行合理的推测。 The story suggests that (探析5) The writer of this passage intends to 文章的体裁或出处题 The writer's purpose of writing the passage is to 此类题目主要针对那些文体或内容较为复杂的文章。 The passage is probably taken from a 大家在判断时，应该注意文章的整体特，点或主体内容，不 The writer of the passage considers it 要被其复杂的结构或“杂乱”的内容所迷惑。 Which of the following best describes the character of (探析6) 结论推理题 推理判断是一种创造性的思维活动，但它并非无章可 结论推理题多出现在说明文和议论文中，作者往往不 循。关键是要对文章给出的信息进行合理的分析判断，做 直接点明事物的好坏或正反面作用，而是让考生自己去判 到“有理有据”。考生应注意以下几点： 断并得出结论。此类题目要求考生根据文章所提供的信 1.要吃透文章的字面意思，从宇里行间捕捉有用的提 息去推断其结论或蕴含的哲理。 示和线索，这是推理的前提和基础。 2.要对文章的表面信息进行挖掘加工，由表入里，由 [真题4幻(2023·大纲卷) 浅入深，从具体到抽象，从特殊到一般，通过分析、综合、判 The oldest and most common source(of renewable 断等，进行深层处理和符合逻辑的推理。 energy known to man,biomass is one of the most important 3.要忠于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据。立 forms of energy production in the United States and elsewhere. 足已知，推断未知。不能主观臆断，凭空想象，随意揣测， Since such a wide variety of biomass materials is everywhere- 更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。 from trees and grasses to agricultural and city-life wastes- 4.要把握句、段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构。 biomass promises to play a continuing role in providing power (探析1) and heat for millions of people around the world. 写作意图题 According to the Union of Concerned Scientists(UCS),bio 有些文章的作者写作目的比较明确，如议论文、说明 mass is a kind of renewable energy source that produces no 文等。但有些文章的作者却不点明自己的写作意图，而是 carbon dioxide(二氧化碳)，because the energy it contains comes 让读者自己去体会，这种情况多为记叙文或夹叙夹议的文 from the sun.When plant matter is burned,it gives off the sun's 章。作者往往叙述自己或别人的一段经历，且经历中往往 energy.In this way,biomass serves as a sort of natural battery 隐含某些人生哲理或观点，而这些哲理或观，点往往就是作 (for storing the sun's energy.As long as biomass is pro- 者的写作意图。因此在体会记叙文中作者的写作意图时， duced continuously-with only as much grown as is used-the 必须弄清故事的结局，从故事的结局中挖掘出作者的用 “battery”lasts forever.. 意。在夹叙夹议的文章中，作者往往是先叙述，然后发表 According to the Energy Information Administration,bio- 自己对此事的看法，议论部分往往蕴含作者的写作意图。 mass has been one of the leading renewable energy sources in the (探析2) United States for several years running through 2007,making up 态度倾向题 between 0.5 and 0.9 percent of the nation's total electricity 作者的态度倾向往往隐含在文章中，而不会明确说 supply.In 2008-although the numbers aren't all in yet-wind 明，因此态度倾向题也是比较有难度的推理判断题。这类 power probably took over first place because of the rapid devel- 题目一般分为两类：一是作者对某一具体事物的观点、看 opment of wind farms across the country. 法，另一类是作者对某一人物的评价。议论文或记叙文往 Producing power from biomass helps reduce some consimil- 往考查作者的态度倾向。如果是议论文，考生应该抓住作 lion tons of carbon dioxide each year.Some homeowners also try 者的论点和论据：如果是记叙文，则应该注意作者总结性 to make their own heat by using biomass materials.Such practice 的文字。 may save homeowner's money,but it also produces a lot of pol- (探析3) lution.So,the best way is to encourage power plants to use it. 深层推理题 ( )1.Why is biomass considered as"a sort of natural battery"? 这类题目往往要求考生根据文章内容推断其中某些 A.It burns merely plant matter. 语句暗含的意义。在做这类题目时，我们不要仅仅局限于 B.It keeps producing electricity. 理解该语句，更要注意它与整篇以及和上下文之间的联 C.It stores the energy from the sun. 系 D.It produces zero carbon dioxide. )2.We learn from the text that in 2008 ·191 A.wind power would be the leader of renewable energy B.there was a rapid growth of electricity production (探析2) C.biomass might become the main energy source 根据因果关系猜测词义 D.0.5~0.9%of power supply came from biomass 在一篇含有因果关系的文章中，或者原因在前，结果 ( )3.Why does the author encourage power plants to use bi- 在后：或者结果在前，原因在后，大家可以根据这一特定的 omass? 逻辑关系来推测生词的含义。 A.To prevent the waste of energy. (探析3) B.To increase production safety. 根据对比关系猜测词义 C.To reduce pollution. 此类题目的上下文提示并非是作者对生词或难点所 D.To save money. 作的解释和说明。它需要考生运用语言知识和分析能力 ( )4.Where does the text probably come from? 去细心搜寻和领会相关信息之间存在的逻辑关系。根据 A.A research plan. 逻辑关系所提供的思路和范围，来分析判断生词的词义或 B.A science magazine. 相近的意义，从而达到理解全文思想内容的目的。but, C.A book review. unlike,in spite of,however等一些介词或副词都可以构成 D.A business report. 意义上的对比关系。 [解析]1.C细节理解题。根据第二段中because the energy it contains comes from the sun.When plant matter is [真题5](2023·大纲卷) burned,it gives off the sun's energy.In this way,biomass Given that many people's moods(are regulated by the serves as a sort of natural battery()for storing the sun's en- chemical action of chocolate,it was probably only a matter of ergy可知答案为C。 time before somebody made the chocolate shop similar to a drug- 2.A推理判断题。根据第三段中In2008一although the store of Chinese medicine.Looking like a setting from the film numbers aren't all in yet-wind power probably took over first Charlie&.the Chocolate Factory,Singapore's Chocolate Research place because of the rapid development of wind farms across the Facility(CRF)has over 100 varieties of chocolates.Its founder is country可知，2008年风能可能占据可再生能源的首位。 Chris Lee who grew up at his parents'corner store with one hand 3.C推理判断题。根据最末一段Some homeowners also almost always in the jar of sweets. If the CRF seems to be a smart idea,that's because Lee is try to make their own heat by using biomass materials.Such practice may save homeowner's money,but it also produces a lot not merely a seasoned salesperson but also head of a marketing of pollution.So,the best way is to encourage power plants to use department that has business relations with big names such as it可知答案为C。 Levi's and Sony.That idea surely results in the imagination at 4.B推理判断题。根据全文内容可知，本文是一篇有关 work when it comes to making different flavored (choco- 生物量能源的科普类文章，故它应该是源于科学杂志，故选B。 lates. The CRF's produce is "green"made within the country and 解题模型2.3 divided into 10 lines,with the Alcohol Series being the most 猜测词义型 popular..The Exotic Series--with Sichuan pepper(隸椒)，red 阅读中难免会有生词，而利用文章所提供的语境去推 bean(),cheese and other flavors-also does well and is fun to 测生词的意义是阅读的必备技能之一。词义猜测题是高 taste.And for chocolate snobs,who think that they have a better 考必考的题型，一般占阅读理解总题量的10%左右。所猜 knowledge of chocolate than others,the Connoisseur Series uses 词汇可以是生词，也可以是熟词新义，还可以是某一代词 cocoa beans from Togo,Cuba,Venezuela,and Ghana,among 的指代内容。 others. (探析1) ( )1.What is good about chocolate? 根据定义、解释或复述猜测词义 A.It serves as a suitable gift. 猜测生词的方法很多，其中一种是根据定义或解释来 B.It works as an effective medicine. 猜测其含义。这种情况下，生词往往出现在前面，而定义 C.It helps improve the state of mind. 或解释跟在生词的后面。复述也是猜测生词的方法之一， D.It strengthens business relations. 即换用不同的词语重新表达同一内容。复述部分可以是 ( )2.Why is Chris Lee able to develop his idea of the CRF? 单词、短语，也可以是从句。在做此类题目时，要注意复述 A.He knows the importance of research. 与被复述部分往往构成同位语关系，在句中多用逗号连 B.He learns from shops of similar types. 接，有时也使用破折号、冒号或者分号来连接。有时它们 C.He has the support of many big names. 中间还常常插入一个起提示作用的标志语，如O,0r D.He has a lot of marketing experience. rather,that is to say,namely,in other words等，以用来强 )3.Which line of the CRF produce sells best? 调这种同位语关系。 A.The Connoisseur Series. B.The Exotic Series. C.The Alcohol Series. 192· D.The Sichuan Series. )4.The words "chocolate snobs"in Paragraph 3 probably (探析2) refer to people who 间接信息题 A.are particular about chocolate 做此类题目时，考生需对原文信息进行合理的加工处 B.know little about cocoa beans 理，然后再进行进一步的推理或鉴别。它是介于事实细节 C.look down upon others 题和推理判断题之间的一种题型。 D.like to try new flavors (探析3) [解析]1.C细节理解题。根据文章首句可知，作者假 信息综合类题 设的是巧克力能够调节人们的情绪，故选C。 此类题目的信息不仅仅涉及文章的某一句话，还可能 2.D细节理解题。根据第二段第一句中Lee is not 涉及文章的某一个段落，它们散落在文章的不同地方。这 merely a seasoned salesperson but also head of a marketing de- 就要求考生把原文所提供的信息综合起来加以分析，而不 partment可知，Lee是市场推广部门的头头，Lee能够成功，主要 能“断章取义”，更不能“张冠李戴”。 是因为他有着丰富的市场推广经验，故选D。 3.C细节理解题。根据第三段第二行with the Alcohol [真题6](2023·福建) Series being the most popular可知，卖得最好的是The Alcohol Your glasses may someday replace your smartphone,and Series,故选C。 some New Yorkers are ready for the switch.Some in the city 4.A词义猜测题。snob势利小人，chocolate snobs指对 can't wait to try them on and use the maps and GPS that the fu- 巧克力很挑别的人，故选A。 turistic eyewear is likely to include. "I'd use it if I were hanging out with friends at 3 a.m.and 解题模型2.4 going to the bar and wanted to see what was open."said Walter Choo,40,of Fort Greene. 事实细节型 事实细节是文章的有机组成部分，是作者表达中心思 "The smartphone-like glasses will likely come out this year 想的具体手段。考生要准确理解一篇文章，必须重视人 and cost between $250 and $600."the Times said,possibly in- 名、日期、事实、数据和地点等细节。事实细节型题目常常 cluding a variation of augmented reality,a technology already available on smartphones and tablets(平板电脑)that 有以下几种考查方式： l.以who,what,when,where等疑问词开头提问。 overlays information onto the screen about one's surroundings. 2.猜测文中画线词或短语的意义，或句意转换理解。 So,for example,if you were walking down a street,indicators 3.就文中具体内容进行简单计算、排序、识图等。 would pop up showing you the nearest coffee shop or directions 4.以according to the text,from the text等开头，考查 could be plotted out and come into view right on the sidewalk in 某一细节。 front of you. 此类题型主要有以下三种设问形式： "As far as a mainstream consumer product,this just isn't 1.疑问句式 something anybody needs,said Sam Biddle,who writes for How did it happen? Gizmodo.com."We're accustomed to having one thing in our Which of the following people should (not)do? pocket to do all these things,"he added,"and the average con- Where should he do it? sumer isn't gonna be able to afford another device(that's 2.不完整的陈述句式 hundreds and hundreds of dollars." They can be best classified as Google publisher Seth Weintraub,who has been reporting According to the author,“it'”was caused by on the smartphone-like glasses since late last year,said he is 3.排除句式 confident that this type of wearable device will eventually be as Which of the following is not mentioned in the pas common as smartphones. sage? "It's just like smartphones 10 years ago,"Weintraub said. Which of the following is not included in the passage? "A few people started getting emails on their phones,and people 事实细节型题目又可分直接信息题、间接信息题和信 thought that was crazy.Same kind of thing.We see people ben- 息综合类题三种形式。 ding their heads to look at their smartphones,and it's (探析1) unnatural,"he said."There's gonna be improvements to that, 直接信息题 and this a step there.” 此类题目可以直接从原文中找到信息，而且选项和原 ( )1.One of the possible functions of the smartphone-like 文在语言表述上没有大的变化或有时候仅仅在表达方式 glasses is to 上稍作变化。在做此类题目时，考生可先看后面的题目， A.program the opening hours of a bar 然后带着问题去阅读短文，最后采取“对号入座”的方法， B.supply you with a picture of the future 把找到的原文中的关键信息与后面的题目进行对照，即可 C.provide information about your surroundings 得到答案。 D.update the maps and GPS in your smartphones )2.The underlined phrase"pop up"in the third paragraph 193· probably means“ A.develop rapidly 式的一种延伸和变形，要求考生在阅读六篇主题接近的应 B.get round quickly 用文或广告的基础上，把题目和原文所提供的信息一一对 C.appear immediately 应选择（其中有一个选项是多余的，具有干扰性）。这种题 D.go over automatically 型难度不大，考生首先需要把六篇短文的内容浏览一遍， ( )3.According to Sam Biddle,the smartphone-like glasses 把握每篇短文的大致内容，然后再把原文内容根据题目要 are 求加以整理，通过六篇文章中的关键词，找出其个性化内 A.necessary for teenagers 容，最后和题目对照即可。 B.attractive to New Yorkers (探析3) C.available to people worldwide 山东阅读表达题 D.expensive for average consumers 山东阅读表达题是在普通阅读理解题的基础上，变认 )4.We can learn from the last two paragraphs that the 知为输出，这要求考生在理解和捕捉信息的基础上，通过 smartphone-like glasses 思维加工，并能运用自己的英语表达能力，恰到好处地完 A.may have a potential market 成试题规定的任务。设题方式往往是4个简答句子，1个 B.are as common as smartphones 汉译英句子。 C.are popular among young adults [真题7](2023·福建) D.will be improved by a new technology Pride and Prejudice for the Modern Woman [解析]1.C细节理解题。根据第三段第二句话可知， 这种像智能手机的眼镜可以提供周围环境的信息，故选C。 Let us imagine how Pride and Prejudice,Jane Austen's most 2.C词义猜测题。根据句意：如果你走在街上，眼镜上会 famous work,might be updated,200 years on. 立刻出现一个指示显示最近的咖啡店的位置，故意为“突然出 Austen's popularity is rooted in her intelligence.But today 现”，选C。 she would certainly have had a very different life,as would her 3.D推理判断题。根据第四段话Sam Biddle说的最后一 characters.Here's my own suggestion... 句可以推断：对普通消费者来说，这个手机太贵了，故选D。 It is a truth finally and universally acknowledged that a 4.A推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后一句可以推测 single woman with brains deserves to have equal opportunities to 出，这种像智能手机的眼镜可能有潜在的市场。 men,however disadvantaged she may feel by sexism. “My dear husband,”said his hopeful wife one day,“have 解题模型2.5 you heard that the local store,standing empty for so long,is 阅读新题型 taken over by a bright young businesswoman?" 近两年部分地区在阅读理解部分增加了一篇任务型 Her dull and indifferent(漠不关心的)husband replied that 阅读，如湖南、浙江、山东等。虽然设题形式各异，但从高 he had not."But it is,it is,"she replied excitedly.Mr Dull-Hus- 考试题来看，均为主观性题目，都注重考查考生综合运用 band made no reply. 语言的能力，在体现“双基”的基础上，重视语言综合运用 "Don't you want to know her plans?"she cried with some impatience. 能力这一理念。这类题目能够考查考生的真实水平，符合 目前英语考试改革的方向。 "Well,clearly you think it matters to your silly little head... (探析1) soI'd better listen.” 湖南阅读填空题和简答题 “Well,my dear,the rumour(传言)is that she has already 湖南阅读填空题把阅读中信息的获取和简单的写作 set up a string of successful businesses in northern England, 有机地结合起来，要求考生阅读文章后根据自己的理解填 though how a woman can know anything about that is beyond 空，即根据自己的理解转述原文内容。该类题目侧重考查 me.She will move in herself next month.""What is her name?" 考生阅读信息材料、收集整理直接与间接信息及科学表述 “Bingley..” 信息的能力。 “Is she married or single??” 分析这两年湖南省的高考试题，我们不难发现，有的 "What a question!And none of your business.But her 阅读理解试题的答案可直接从原文中找到，但不少试题的 coming will be a fine thing for our five boys.""How so?How 答案所需的信息虽与原文有联系，可说法不同，句式也有 can it possibly affect them?" 很大出入。因此，考生不能照搬，而应根据题干将文中所 "My dear love;those lazy boys need something to wake 供信息重新进行组织和整理：有时还需根据原文中有关信 them up.There are bound to be jobs going." 息进行逻辑推理，然后抽象概括出试题所需信息。 "Is that her point in settling here?Surely as a woman she (探析2) has simply taken a fancy to the place." 浙江对应选择题和广东信息匹配题 "Nonsense,my love,how little you've noticed the world 对应选择题和信息匹配题是传统应用文阅读理解形 has changed.She's got a first-rate degree and some sort of busi- ness qualification,I'm told.She surely needs one of our boys! Perhaps you might give her a call." 194· "Me?No.Perhaps you can take an interest.You still have [真题8](2023·陕西) your looks,after all.She may even offer you a job.""Oh,that's A.Be well-organized. B.Close with a Q &A. not likely.These new chances belong to the younger generation. C.Don't be contradictory. D.Bring it to a specific end But now you mention it,I think I'll go along all the same." E.Speak slowly and pause. F.Drop unnecessary words. And Mrs Bennet went along.That was 10 years ago.She is Speaking to a group can be difficult,but listening to a bad now managing director of a FTSE-listed company. speech is truly a tiresome task-especially when the speaker is ..It would remain the case,of course,that Mrs Bennet confusing.Don't want to confuse your audience.Follow these would be one of very few women on the company board,that her suggestions: salary would be lower than her male colleagues,her bonus of a more“female”dimension and her lifespan(年限)among the 1. city's business leaders shorter than theirs.Still,she'd no doubt When it comes to understanding new information,the have enjoyed Davos-and might even have hobnobbed ( human brain needs a little time.First,we hear the words;then, with influential figures. we compare the new information to what we already know.If the ()1.Which of the following is TRUE according to the pas two are different,we need to pause and think.But a breathless sage? speaker never stops to let us think about what he or she is saying A.Austen was born 200 years ago. and risks confusing us.Slow it down.And breathe. B.Austen rewrote Pride and Prejudice. 2. C.Austen's success lies in her wisdom. Sometimes we all start a sentence one way and then switch D.Austen's updated work gains popularity. directions,which is very difficult to follow.When you confuse ( )2.The underlined part in the passage suggests that Mrs your listeners with opposing information,you leave the audience Bennet_ wondering what part of the information is right and what part A.had mixed feelings of admiration and surprise they should remember.Instead of relying and keeping correcting about Bingley yourself,work to get the facts clear and straight. B.felt kind of worried and doubtful about Bingley 3.0 C.was extremely anxious to meet Bingley D.had a great curiosity about Bingley Jumping from point to point as it comes to your mind puts the onus()on your listeners to make up for your lack of or- )3.In the eyes of Mrs Bennet,Bingley surely needed one ganisation.And it's confusing for them to listen,reorganize,and of their boys to figure out what you're saying all at once.But going smoothly A.get married to from one point to the next helps them understand information B.work for her more easily.You can arrange things from beginning to end, C.help her move in small to large,top to bottom or by some other order.Just be D.take over her store ( )4.What does the writer intend to tell us? sure to organize. A.Women with brains can also be as successful as men. 4. B.Women have to pay a high price for success. Repeated use of um,ah,like,you know and some other C.A judgment must be made free from prejudice. useless noises can drive an audience crazy.It makes the speaker D.Sex discrimination still exists nowadays. sound uncertain and unprepared,and it can leave listeners so an- 【语篇解读】文章巧妙套用世界名著《做慢与偏见》章节， noyed that they can't pay attention.Recently I attended a speech 独辟蹊径夹叙夹议，深刻评述性别歧视依然存在的这一社会 that was marked by so many ums that audience members were 现实。 rolling their eyes.Was anybody grasping the intended message? [解析]1.C细节理解题。根据文章第二段话Austen's Um,probably not. popularity is rooted in her intelligence可知奥斯丁的成功在于她 5. 的智慧，故选C。 Many speakers finish up their speeches with question-and- 2.A细节理解题。理解此句的关键在于beyond me的理 answer(Q &A)sessions,but some let the Q &A go on without a 解，“超乎了我的理解”说明Mrs Bennet对于Bingley既敬佩又 clear end.The audience is often left confused about whether the 惊讶，故选A。 meeting is over and when they can get up and leave.Do your listeners 3.B推理判断题。根据There are bound to be jobs going a favour by setting a time limit on questions,and close your speech 可以推断Mrs Bennet认为Bingley会需要她的儿子工作，故 with a specific signal-even if it's something simple like,"If you 选B。 have any more questions,you know where to reach me." 4.D推理判断题。根据文章末段，可知，公司委员会的女 Or even more to the point,conclude your speech with 性很少，Mrs Bennet的薪水还是会比男性同事要少，故，性别歧 “Thanks for your time.” 视还是存在的，选D。 [答案]1.E2.C3.A4.F5.D ·195· 十年高考母题原型训练 (★代表高考出现的频次) A组 B.The writer never stopped looking for her ring. C.The writer's ring was cleaned up by the new house 题源1阅读篇目题材形式特征（★★★★★） owner. D.The writer lost her ring in the morning when she Passage1(2023·福建) took it off. When I was 12,all I wanted was a signet ring.They ( )4.What would be the best title for the passage? were the "in"thing and it seemed every girl except me had one. A.My New Ring On my 13th birthday,my Mum gave me a signet ring with my B.Lost and Found initials(姓名首宇母)carved into it.I was in heaven. C.Lost and Replaced What made it even more special was that it was about the D.An Expensive Ring only thing that wasn't being "replaced".We'd been burnt out in Passage2(2023·陕西) fires that swept through our area earlier that year and had lost every- In 1978,I was 18 and was working as a nurse in a small thing-so most of the“new”stuff(东西)we got was really just to town about 270 km away from Sydney,Australia.I was looking replace what we'd lost.But not my ring.My ring was new. forward to having five fays off from duty.Unfortunately,the Then,only one month later,I lost it.I took it off before only one train a day back to my home in Sydney had already left. bed and it was missing in the morning.I was sad and searched So I thought I'd hitch a ride(搭便车). everywhere for it.But it seemed to have disappeared.Eventually, I waited by the side of the highway for three hours but no I gave up and stopped looking for it.And two years later,we one stopped for me.Finally,a man walked over and introduced sold the house and moved away. himself as Gordon.He said that although he couldn't give me a Years passed,and a couple of moves later,I was visiting lift,I should come back to his house for lunch.He noticed me my parents'when Mum told me that she had something for me. standing for hours in the November heat and thought I must be It wasn't my birthday,nor was it Easter or Christmas or any hungry..I was doubtful as a young girl but he assured(使…放 other gift-giving occasion.Mum noticed my questioning look. )me I was safe,and he also offered to help me find a lift home "You'll recognize this one."she said,smiling. afterwards.When we arrived at his house,he made us sandwi- Then she handed me a small ring box.I took it from her and ches.After lunch,he helped me find a lift home. opened it to find my beautiful signet ring inside.The family who Twenty-five years later,in 2003,while I was driving to a had bought our house 13 years earlier had recently decided to do nearby town one day,I saw an elderly man standing in the some redecorations,which included replacing the carpets.When glaring heat,trying to hitch a ride.I thought it was another they pulled the carpet up in my old bedroom,they found the chance to repay someone for the favour I'd been given decades ring.As it had my initials carved into it,they realized who earlier.I pulled over and picked him up.I made him comfortable owned the ring.They'd had it professionally cleaned up by a jew- on the back seat and offered him some water. eler before sending it to my mother.And it still fits me. After a few moments of small talk,the man said to me,"You ()1.The underlined word "in"in the first paragraph proba- haven't changed a bit,even your red hair is still the same.' bly means“ ” I couldn't remember where I'd met him.He then told me he A.fashionable was the man who had given me lunch and helped me find a lift all B.available those years ago.It was Gordon. C.practical ( )1.The author had to hitch a ride one day in 1978 because D.renewable )2.When she got the ring back,the writer was about A.her work delayed her trip to Sydney A.13 years old B.she was going home for her holidays B.15 years old C.the town was far away from Sydney C.26 years old D.she missed the only train back home D.28 years old ( )2.Which of the following did Gordon do according to )3.Which of the following is TRUE according to the pas- Paragraph 2? sage？ A.He helped the girl find a ride. A.The writer's family moved several times. B.He gave the girl a ride back home. ·196· C.He bought sand wiches for the girl. D.He watched the girl for three hours ()3.The reason why the author offered a lift to the elderly man was that A.she realized he was Gordon Note:$10 s/h (shipping and handling)for each purchase B.she had known him for decades For fastest service,call toll-free 24 hours a day C.she was going to the nearby town 1-888-201-7143 D.she wanted to repay the favour she once got Offer Code(代码)ASE177-04 ( )4.What does the author want to tell the readers through Please mention this code when you call. the story? New York Mint 14101 A.Giving sometimes produces nice results. Southcross Drive W.,Dept.ASE177-04 B.Those who give rides will be repaid. Burnsville,Minnesota 55337 C.Good manners bring about happiness. www.New YorkMint.com D.People should offer free rides to others. ( )1.What is stressed in the ad? Passage3(2023·福建) A.The coin is of high quality and worth collecting. 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C.lining up in front of the stores You Can't Afford to Lose D.writing to the company Why are we releasing (this silver dollar for such a re- Passage4(2023安徽) markable price?Because we want to introduce you to what A MENTORING(导师制)program is giving life changing hundreds of thousands of smart collectors and satisfied opportunities to Banbury youth. customers have known since 1984-New York Mint is the place Young Inspirations was founded two years ago to provide to find the world's finest high-grade coins.That's why we're of- mentoring sessions for students and unemployed young adults fering you this Brilliant Uncirculated 2012 U.S.Silver Eagle for aged 11 to 21. as little as $37.45 (plUS s/h). Alex Goldberg,the program's founder,said,"We set up Timing is Everything Young Inspirations because we wanted to give young people ex- Our advice?Keep this to yourself.Because the more people periences which will potentially be life changing and broaden who know about this offer,the worse it is for you.Demand for their outlook. Silver Eagles in 2011 broke records.Experts predict that 2012 We try to create work experience opportunities that will re- Silver Eagles may break them all over again.Due to rapid ally make a difference to our youth.For example,we've secured changes in the price of silver,prices may be higher or lower and internships(实习)with world-famous firms such as Honda.” are subject to(受…，影响)change without notice..Supplies are "At a time of funding cutbacks where schools are finding it limited.Call immediately to add these Silver Eagles to your hold- more and more difficult to offer this kind of mentoring,it is ex- ings before it's too late. tremely important that these opportunities are available both to Offer Limited to 40 per household 2012 American Silver Ea- help youth with their school work and grades and to give them gle Coin opportunities which may help shape their futures."Kieran Hep- Your cost 1-4 Coins $38.95 each s/h burn,14,is one of a group of Banbury youth who has benefited 5-9 Coins $38.45 each s/h from the program so far.In October the Banbury School pupil 10-19 Coins $37.95 each+s/h was accompanied by Young Inspirations staff to Paris where he 20-40 Coins $37.45 each s/h 197· was an observer at the United Nations Educational,Scientific 1970,almost ten years before I graduated from medical school.I and Cultural Organization's (UNESCO)International Youth Fo- didn't realize then,but becoming a pilot makes me a better sur- rum(论坛). geon(外科医生).I loved flying,.As I flew bigger,faster planes, The event was held for young people from around the and in worse weather,I learned about crew resource world,to seek their views on how the future of youth and educa- management(机组资源管理)，or CRM,a new idea to make fly- tion should look.Kieran joined several hundred observers mostly ing safer.It means that crew members should listen and speak up in their 20s and was the only UK school pupil to attend the for a good result,regardless of positions. event.Kieran thinks the trip was a life changing experience."Be- I first read about CRM in 1980.Not long after that,an at- fore we left I didn't quite know what to make of it but when we tending doctor and I were flying in bad weather.The controller got there we didn't stop,it was amazing,"he said,"We went to had us turn too late to get our landing ready.The attending three or four hours of debates each day and then did something doctor was flying;I was safety pilot.He was so busy because of cultural each afternoon." the bad turn,he had forgotten to put the landing gear(起落架) The main theme of the forum was how youth can drive down.He was a better pilot-and my boss-so it felt unusual change in political and public life.It dealt with issues ( to speak up.But I had to:Our lives were in danger.I put aside such as drug abuse,violence and unemployment. my uneasiness and said,"We need to put the landing gear down Kieran said,"It has really helped me to improve my confi- now!"That was my first real lesson in the power of CRM,and dence and social skills as well as my school grades and I was vo- I've used it in the operating room ever since. ted most improved pupil at school in August." CRM requires that the pilot/surgeon encourage others to The Young Inspirations mentoring sessions take place each speak up.It further requires that when opinions are from the op- Friday in Banbury.For details visit www.younginspirations.com. posite,the doctor doesn't overreact,which might prevent fellow ()1.The Young Inspirations mentoring program aims to doctors from voicing opinions again.So when I'm in the operating room,I ask for ideas and help from others.Sometimes A.train staff for world-famous firms they're not willing to speak up.But I hope that if I continue to B.offer job opportunities to young adults encourage them someday someone will keep me from "landing C.provide youth with unique experiences gear up”。 D.equip the unemployed with different skills ()1.What does the author say about doctors in general? ()2.According to Alex Goldberg,it is difficult for schools A.They like flying by themselves. to offer the mentoring due to B.They are unwilling to take advice. A.the lack of support from firms C.They pretend to be good pilots. B.the cultural differences D.They are quick learners of CRM. C.the effect of unemployment ( )2.The author deepened his understanding of the power of D.the shortage of money CRM when ()3.According to the passage,the forum focused on how A.he saved the plane by speaking up youth can B.he was in charge of a flying task A.build up their confidence at school C.his boss landed the plane too late B.find work experience opportunities D.his boss operated on a patient C.improve their social skills for the future ( )3.In the last paragraph "landing gear up"probably D.play an active role in the change of society means ()4.We can learn from the passage that A.following flying requirements A.the visit to the United Kingdom was amazing B.overreacting to different opinions B.Kieran has made great progress in many aspects C.listening to what fellow doctors say C.the youth have found a way to solve their problems D.making a mistake that may cost lives D.the mentoring sessions are held every day except Friday )4.Which of the following can be the best title for the ()5.What would be the best title for the passage? text? A.Alex Goldberg,Founder of Young Inspirations A.CRM:A New Way to Make Flying Safe B.Young People Find a World of Opportunity B.Flying Makes Me a Better Doctor C.Kieran,Banbury School Pupil to Paris C.The Making of a Good Pilot D.Debates Help Youth with Their Grades D.A Pilot-Tumed Doctor Passage5(2023·大纲卷A) Passage6(2023·大纲卷) Doctors are known to be terrible pilots.They don't listen Low-Cost Gifts for Mother's Day because they already know it all.I was lucky:I became a pilot in Gift No.1 ·198· Offer to be your mother's health friend.Promise to be there Customers here pay only what they can afford,no questions for any and all doctor's visits whether a disease or a regular med- asked. ical check-up.Most mothers always say "no need",but another A risky business plan,perhaps,but SAME Cafe has done set of eyes and ears is always a good idea at a doctor's visit.The one unchangeable thing in the Mile High City for six years: best part-This one is free. Open only at midday,the restaurant provides poor local people Gift No,2 with healthy,delicious lunches six days a week.Those unable to Help your mother organize all of her medical records,which pay for their meals can instead volunteer as waiters and waitres- include the test results and medical information.Put them all in ses,and dishwashers,or look after the buildings and equipment one place.Be sure to make a list of all of her medicines and what for the cafe, times she takes them."Having all this information in one place "It's based on trust,and it's working all right."says could end up saving your mother's life."Dr.Marie Savard said. coowner Brad Birky,who started the cafe in 2006 with his wife Gift No.3 Libby.Previously volunteering at soup kitchens,the Birkys were Enough sleep is connected to general health conditions."Buy dissatisfied with the often unhealthy meals they served there. your mother cotton sheets and comfortable pillows to encourage "We wanted to offer quality food in a restaurant where eve- better sleep,"Savard said."We know that good sleep is very im- ryone felt comfortable,regardless of their circumstances."Birky portant to our health." says.SAME's special lunch menu changes daily and most food Gift No.4 materials are natural and grown by local farmers. Some gift companies such as Presents for Purpose allow you The cafe now averages 65 to 70 customers(and eight volun- to pay it forward this Mother's Day by picking gifts in which 10 teers)a day.And the spirit of generosity behind the project ap- percent of the price you pay goes to a charity(慈善机构).Gift pears to be spreading.In early 2007,one volunteer who had givers can choose from a wide variety of useful but inexpensive cleared snow for his meals during the long winter said goodbye to things-many of which are "green"-and then choose a mean- the Birkys."He said he was going to New Orleans to help with ingful charity from a list.When your mother gets the gift,she the hurricane clean up."says Birky. will be told that she has helped the chosen charity. ()1.What can we learn about the soup kitchens the Birkys ()1.What are you advised to do for your mother at doctor's previously worked for? visits? A.They refused to have volunteers. A.Take notes. B.They offered low quality food. B.Be with her. C.They provided customers with a good environment. C.Buy medicine. D.They closed down because of poor management. D.Give her gifts. ( )2.According to the passage,which of the following is ( )2.What can be a gift of organization for your mother? TRUE? A.Keeping her medical information together. A.The customers who cannot pay can work as volun- B.Buying all gifts for her from one company. teers instead. C.Making a list of her medical check-ups. B.More volunteers will go to New Orleans for the D.Storing her medicines in a safe place. hurricane clean up. ( )3.Where can you find a gift idea to improve your mother's C.Many new cafes will be opened to offer free lunches sleep? in the town. A.In Gift No.1. D.The lunch menu has remained the same since the B.In Gift No.2. cafe was started. C.In Gift No.3. ( )3.The author's attitude towards running such a cafe D.In Gift No.4. is ( )4.Buying gifts from Presents for Purpose allows mothers A.unfavorable to B.approving A.enjoy good sleep C.doubtful B.be well-organized D.cautious C.bet extra support Passage8(2023·湖南) D.give others help Harvard researchers have created a tough,low-cost,biode- Passage7(2023·辽宁) gradable(可生物降解的)material inspired by insects'hard outer Inside the pleasingly fragrant cafe,So All May Eat(SAME) shells.The material's inventors say it has a number of possible in downtown Denver,the spirit of generosity()is instantly uses and someday could provide a more environmentally friendly noticeable:A donation box stands in place of a cash register. alternative to plastic.The material,made from shrimp() ·199· shells and proteins produced from silk,is called "shrilk".It is C.The Harm of One-time Products thin,clear,flexible and strong. D.A Possible Alternative to Plastic A major benefit of the material is its biodegradability. Passage9(2023·陕西) Plastic's toughness and flexibility represented a revolution in ma- Three Boys and a Dad terials science during the 1950s and '60s.Decades later, Brad closed the door slowly as Sue left home to visit her however,plastic's very durability(耐用性)is raising questions a mother.Expecting a whole day to relax,he was thinking bout how appropriate it is for one-time products such as plastic whether to read the newspaper or watch his favourite TV talk bags,or short-lived consumer goods,used in the home for a few show on his first day off in months."This will be like a walk in years and then cast into a landfill where they will degrade for the park,he'd told his wife."I'll look after the kids,and you centuries.What is the point of making something that lasts 1, can go visit your mom.” 000 years？ Things started well,but just after eight o'clock,his three Shrilk not only will degrade in a landfill,but its basic com- little "good kids"-Mike,Randy,and Alex came down the stairs ponents are used as fertilizer(肥料)，and so will enrich the soil,. in their night clothes and shouted"breakfast,daddy."When food Shrilk has great potential,the inventors said.Materials had not appeared within thirty seconds,Randy began using his from which it is made are plentiful in nature,found in everything spoon on Alex's head as if it were a drum.Alex started to shout ranging from shrimp shells,insect bodies to living plants.That loudly in time to the beat(节拍).Mike chanted“Where'smy makes shrilk low cost,and its mass production possible should it toast,where's my toast"in the background.Brad realized his be used for products demanding a lot of material. newspaper would have to wait for a few seconds. Work on shrilk is continuing in the lab.The inventors said Life became worse after breakfast.Mike wore Randy's un- the material becomes flexible when wet,so they're exploring derwear on his head.Randy locked himself in the bathroom, ways to use it in wet environments.They're also developing sim- while Alex shouted again because he was going to wet his pants. pler production processes,which could be used for non-medical Nobody could find clean socks,although they were before their products,like for computer cases and other products inside the very eyes.Someone named "Not Me"had spilled a whole glass of home.They're even exploring combining it with other materials, orange juice into the basket of clean clothes.Brad knew the talk like carbon fibers,to give it new properties. show had already started. ( )1.Paragraph 1 of the passage is mainly about shrilk's By ten o'clock,things were out of control.Alex was won- dering why the fish in the jar refused his bread and butter.Mike A.remarkable design was trying to show off his talent by decorating the kitchen wall B.interesting name with his colour pencils.Randy,thankfully,appeared to be C.major features reading quietly in the family room,but closer examination D.basic elements showed that he was eating apple jam straight from the bottle )2.What has become a concern about plastic? with his hands.Brad realised that the talk show was over and A.Using it properly. reading would be impossible. B.Producing it cheaply. At exactly 11:l7,Brad called the daycare centre(日托所). C.Developing its properties quickly. "I suddenly have to go into work and my wife's away.Can I D.Evaluating its contributions fairly. bring the boys over in a few minutes?"The answer was ()3.According to the inventors,shrilk has great potential obviously“yes”because Brad was smiling. partly because ()1.When his wife left home.Brad expected to A.it can help plastic degrade A.go out for a walk in the park B.it can be found in living things B.watch TV talk show with his children C.its mass production has been realized C.enjoy his first day off work D.its raw materials are abundant in nature D.read the newspaper to his children ( )4.What are the inventors doing in the lab? ( )2.Which of the following did Randy do? A.Replacing carbon fibers with shrilk. A.Drawing on the wall. B.Testing shrilk's use in wet conditions. B.Eating apple jam. C.Making shrilk out of used household goods C.Feeding the fish. D.Improving shrilk's flexibility for medical purposes. D.Reading in a room. ( )5.Which of the following can be best title for the pas ( )3.Why did Brad ask the daycare centre for help? sage? A.Because he wanted to clean up his house. A.Recent Progress in Environmental Protection B.Because he suddenly had to go to his office B.Benefits of Insects in Scientific Research C.Because he found it hard to manage his boys home. ·200· D.Because he had to take his wife back. C.by process )4.This text is developed D.by time A.by space Passage10(2023·江苏) B.by comparison What Would You Want Most on a Desert Island? This month's survey shows people worldwide have a natural understanding of what they would need most if left alone on a desert is- land:Another person.And one they know well..Respondents(调查对象)in all 16 countries surveyed said their spouse(配偶)or partner would be their first choice to have with them.Perhaps this makes sense:An MP3 player can't help you find drinking water, your dog can't help you start a fire and who knows if George Clooney or Penelope Cruz has taken courses in wilderness survival training?Let's just hope the SOS sign you two build gets spotted sooner rather than later! “My husband,of course！George "My MP3 player.I would not want my "My partner should be there to listen to me com Clooney wouldn't think I'm as pretty loved ones,including my pet,to be plain about the fact that we are left alone on an is- as my husband does!” left alone like this.” land-probably due to some error he made." Roseane,42,Brazil Co-Co,28,China Julia,25,Jordan Spouse/Partner Clooney/Cruz 82%of the South African women surveyed would most want 27%of Russian men surveyed would want a celebrity ( along.Only 2%of the Mexican men agreed.Less than 18%of their husband/partner with them,while just 45%of the Indian women worldwide chose this option. women surveyed agreed. MP3 Player This was second choice overall,particularly among Malaysian In France,28%of respondents older than 45 would most want to men,with 32%saying they'd most want an MP3 player with be left alone with their dog,while not a single Russian or Malay- their favorite songs.Just 5%each of Australian and American sian in that age group surveyed would most want Fido along. men agreed. ( )1.According to the survey,people left alone on a desert nests are high up in trees,and it is difficult to find them.In parts island would most want their of Africa,though,people and animals looking for honey have a A.MP3 player B.dog strange and unexpected helper-a little bird called a honey guide. C.spouse/partner D.celebrity The honey guide does not actually like honey,but it does ( )2.Which of the following is TRUE about George Cloon- like the wax in the bechives(蜂房)，The little bird cannot reach ey? this wax,which is deep inside the bees'nest.So,when it finds a A.He has been trained in wilderness survival. suitable nest,it looks for someone to help it.The honey guide B.He may not be able to help you survive. gives a loud cry that attracts the attention of both passing C.He does not think Roseane is beautiful. animals and people.Once it has their attention,it flies through D.He is the choice of most South African women. the forest,waiting from time to time for the curious animal or ( )3.The survey results are analyzed in terms of the respondents person as it leads them to the nest.When they finally arrive at the nest,the follower reaches in to get at the delicious honey as A.sex,age and nationality the bird patiently waits and watches.Some of the honey,and the B.race,nationality and sex wax,always falls to the ground,and this is when the honey C.marriage,age and race guide takes its share. D.age,sex and marriage Scientists do not know why the honey guide likes eating the Passage11(2023·全国I) wax,but it is very determined in its efforts to get it.The birds Honey from the African forest is not only a kind of natural seem to be able to smell wax from a long distance away.They sugar,it is also delicious.Most people,and many animals,like will quickly arrive whenever a beekeeper is taking honey from his eating it.However,the only way for them to get that honey is to beehives,and will even enter churches when beeswax candles are find a wild bees'nest and take the honey from it.Often,these being lit. ·201· ( )1.Why is it difficult to find a wild bees'nest? thousands of dollars flying to Disney World when you can spend A.It's small in size. less than half of that within a day's drive of most cities? B.It's hidden in trees. Happy:And Other Bad Thoughts by Larry Doyle (Ecco, C.It's covered with wax. $14.99) D.It's hard to recognize. ()1.If the readers want to know about the life of Salinger, ()2.What do the words "the follower"in Paragraph 2 they should buy the book published by refer to? A.Ecco B.Atria Books A.A bee. B.A bird. C.Riverhead Books D.Random House C.A honey seeker. D.A beekeeper. ( )2.The book Happy:And Other Bad Thoughts is in- ( )3.The honey guide is special in the way tended for A.it gets its food A.young children B.it goes to church B.Disney World workers C.it sings in the forest C.middle school teachers D.it reaches into bees'nests D.parents with young children ()4.What can be the best title for the text? ( )3.Which book describes women with characters of their own? A.Wild Bees A.Happy:And Other Bad Thoughts B.Beekeeping in Africa B.J.D.Salinger:A Life C.Wax and Honey C.You Are Free D.Honey-Lover's Helper D.Red Wolf Passage12(2023·辽宁) ( )4.After finishing the book Red Wolf,the readers would Mini Book Excerpts(节选) learn that Biography A.the boy helped arrest the murderer When Salinger learned that a car park was to be built on the B.Benny died of an accident land,the middle-aged writer was shocked and quickly bought the C.the murderer got away with the crime neighboring area to protect it...The townspeople never forgot the D.Annika carried out the crime rescue and came to help their most famous neighbor. Passage13(2023·陕西） J.D.Salinger:A Life by Kenneth Slawenski(Random House,$27) What brings a nation together?Of the four choices-shared Mystery(疑案小说) values,language,history,and religion,it's shared values.In "You're a smart boy.Benny's death was no accident,and our latest poll(民意调查)，seven out of l6 countries chose values you're the only one who saw it happen.Do you think the murderer as the greatest factor()bringing a nation together,and six should get away with it?"The boy was staring stubbornly at his lap preferred language.Both choices scored high in the poll,sugges- again. ting that our values and how we express them are closely linked. A thought suddenly occurred to Annika,"Did you...You Still,history was not forgotten in some countries,particularly in recognized the man in the car,didn't you?" Mexico and Russia.Even Canada and the United States chose na- The boy hesitated,twisting his fingers,"Maybe."he said tional histories as the second-most important factor uniting their quietly. people.The biggest surprise?Not one country picked religion as Red Wolf by Liza Marklund(Atria Books,25.99) its top choice. Short Stories She wants to say to him what she has learned,none of it in class:Some women are born stupid,and some women are too smart for their own good.Some women are born to give,and some women only know how to take.Some women learn who they want to be from their mothers,some who they don't want to be.Some mothers suffer so their daughters won't.Some mothers love so their daughters won't. You Are Free by Danzy Senna (Riverhead Books,$15) Humor Do your kids like to have fun?Come to Fun Times!Do you like to watch your kids having fun?Bring them to Fun Times! Fun Times!'s "amusement cycling"is the most fun you can have,legally,in the United States right now.Why spend ·202· Shared values won out in... Australia 61% Canada 6 China 51 France 4 Philippines 43 South Africa United States India 32 Shared language was on top in... Brazil 53% Malaysia 50 Germany 46 Netherlands 42 Spain United Kingdom 35 India 32 Shared history was No.I in... MexicoL 37% Russia[ 34 Respect your elders Do you speak Canadian? Church and state In most countries,the oldest genera- Language scored lower in Canada Most people polled do not connect their religious tion considered values more than in all other countries polled, beliefs to their national pride.Religion ranked last important to a nation than did those perhaps because the country speaks in 13 countries-with France scoring it at 1%,the who are under 45 years old. two official languages,French and lowest of all. English. )1.According to the poll,what was the most important company discovered phosphate(磷酸盐)on the island.In fact,it factor in bringing a nation together? found that the island of Nauru was nearly all phosphate,which is A.Language. B.Values. a very important fertilizer for farming.The company began C.History. D.Religion. mining the phosphate. ( )2.In which country did language score the lowest in their A phosphate mine is not a hole in the ground;it is a strip national pride? mine.When a company strip-mines,it removes the top layer of A.Canada. B.Mexico. soil.Then it takes away the material it wants.Strip-mining C.France. D.America. totally destroys the land.Gradually,the lovely island of Nauru ( )3.According to the charts,shared values and language started to look like the moon. were considered equally important in In 1968,Nauru became one of the richest countries in the A.Australia B.Brazil world.Every year the government received millions and millions C.China D.India of dollars for its phosphate. Passage14(2023·山东) Unfortunately,the leaders invested the money unwisely and The Pacific island nation of Nauru used to be a beautiful lost millions of dollars.In addition,they used millions more place.Now it is an ecological disaster area.Nauru's dollars for personal expenses.Soon people realized that they had heartbreaking story could have one good consequence-other a terrible problem-their phosphate was running out.Ninety per- countries might learn from its mistakes. cent of their island was destroyed and they had nothing.By For thousands of years,Polynesian people lived on the re- 2000,Nauru was almost financially ruined.Experts say that it mote island of Nauru,far from western civilization.The first would take approximately $433,600,000 and more than 20 European to arrive was John Fearn in 1798.He was the British years to repair the island.This will probably never happen. captain of the Hunter,a whaling ship.He called the island ( )1.What might be the author's purpose in writing the Pleasant Island. text? However,because it was very remote,Nauru had little A.To seek help for Nauru's problems. communication with Europeans at first.The whaling ships and B.To give a warning to other countries. other traders began to visit,bringing guns and alcohol.These el- C.To show the importance of money. ements destroyed the social balance of the twelve family groups D.To tell a heartbreaking story of a war. on the island.A ten-year civil war started,which reduced the ( )2.What was Nauru like before the Europeans came? population from 1,400 to 900. A.Rich and powerful. Nauru's real troubles began in 1899 when a British mining B.Modern and open. ·203· C.Peaceful and attractive. and act D.Greedy and aggressive. D.a professor who helps organizations make ( )3.The ecological disaster in Nauru resulted from important decisions A.soil pollution )2.According to James March,experience B.phosphate overmining A.is overvalued C.farming activity B.is easy to explain D.whale hunting C.should be actively sought )4.Which of the following was a cause of Nauru's financial D.should be highly respected problem? ( )3.What can we learn from Paragraph 3? A.Its leaders misused the money. A.Experience makes stories more accurate. B.It spent too much repairing the island. B.Stories made interesting fail to fully present the C.Its phosphate mining cost much money. truth. D.It lost millions of dollars in the civil war. C.The use of stories is the best way of experiential )5.What can we learn about Nauru from the last para- learning. graph? D.Stories are easier to understand when reality is more A.The ecological damage is difficult to repair. accurately described. B.The leaders will take the experts'words seriously. )4.What's the purpose of this text? C.The island was abandoned by the Nauruans. A.To introduce a book. D.The phosphate mines were destroyed. B.To describe a researcher. Passage15(2023·四川) C.To explain experiential learning. "Experience may possibly be the best teacher,but it is not a D.To discuss organizational decision making. particularly good teacher."You might think that Winston Passage16(2023·湖南) Churchill or perhaps Mark Twain spoke those words,but they When first entered,Vanak Restaurant does not look like actually come from James March,a professor at Stanford Uni- much of a restaurant,but once the pleasant smells of kabob( versity and a pioneer in the field of organizational decision )hit the senses,you are incapable of calling it anything less. making.For years March(possibly be wisest philosopher of Owned by a local couple,this Persian restaurant has an in- management)has studied how humans think and act,and he con- viting,homelike atmosphere that many restaurants lack. tinues to do so in his new book The Ambiguities o f Experience. The space is small with only a few dining tables and nearly He begins by reminding us of just how firmly we have been no decoration,but the environment is truly charming. sticking to the idea of experiential learning:"Experience is re- Lying in a hardly noticeable street corner,the restaurant spected;experience is sought;experience is explained."The prob- still attracts all customers,especially those experienced in the lem is that learning from experience involves()serious com- delights of Middle Eastern cooking. plications(复杂化)，ones that are part of the nature of experience A common sight is that of old Persian men sitting in the itself and which March discusses in the body of this book. corner talking loudly about world topics,watching news events In one interesting part of the book,for example,he turns a on TV,drinking a black tea known as Persian chai,and reading doubtful eye toward the use of stories as the most effective way local Persian newspapers all the while trying to finish off their of experiential learning.In our efforts to make stories plates piled with food. interesting,he argues,we lose part of the complicated truth of The variety of food at the restaurant is limited,but the things,.He says“The more accurately(精确的)reality is amount of each dish is fairly large.Most of the meals can serve presented,the less understandable the story,and the more under- two people and are under 10,so not only is it affordable but standable the story,the less realistic it is." practical as well. Besides being a broadly knowledgeable researcher,March is The food especially appeals to health-conscious eaters also a poet,and his gift shines through in the depth of views he because each dish is very healthy,made with limited fat and oil offers and the simple language he uses.Though the book is and served straight off the grill(烤肉架). short,it is demanding;don't pick it up looking for quick,easy The main dish that the restaurant is popular for is its ka- lessons.Rather,be ready to think deeply about learning from ex- bobs,which are different styles of grilled meat. perience in work and life. One delicious and extremely healthy dish is the Joojeh Ka- ()1.According to the text,James March is bob,which is made of grilled chicken pieces served with either A.a poet who uses experience in his writing rice or bread.Another great kabob is the Chelo Kabob,a kabob B.a teacher who teaches story writing in university consisting of grilled beef. C.a researcher who studies the way humans think Although the restaurant is small,the atmosphere and the ·204· food is delicious.It is a place that should not be overlooked. A.is served in small amounts ()1.When first entering the restaurant,one can find that it B.is rather expensive C.is rich in variety A.is splendidly decorated D.is very healthy B.has pleasant smells of kabobs )4.What is the dish Jooieh Kabob mainly made of? C.is crowded with dining table A.Rice. B.Chicken. D.looks like a common restaurant C.Bread. D.Beef. ( )2.What activity is also mentioned apart from dining in the ( )5.It can be inferred from the passage that the restaurant restaurant? A.Watching news events on TV. A.occupies a large space B.Drinking a kind of black coffee. B.owns a favorable location C.Reading local English newspaper. C.is popular for its special food D.Discussing world topics in low voices. D.has a quiet environment inside )3.The food of the restaurant Passage17(2023·全国Ⅱ) Student Membership-Cambridge Arts Cinema Cambridge Arts Cinema is one of the art houses in Britain and home of the internationally celebrated Cambridge Film Festival. Since 1947 generations of students have discovered the wealth of world cinema.Now you too can make most of it and save money. At the Arts you can... choose from up to 40 films a month ●see up to8 premieres(首映)each month So what are you waiting for?Just fill in the form and return it catch screenings when you like-we open early and close late either in person or by post to: increase your knowledge of film with our special events- Box Office each year we run seasons on various types of films and direc- Cambridge Arts Cinema tors 8 Market Passage ●meet the filmmakers Cambridge CN2 3PF What you get as a member ●invitation to a preview screening(试映) It costs t15 to join and your card can be used from Ist Oc- ●￡1 off the standard prices(C4.50/￡3.50)for any screening tober 2011 to 30th June 2012. including special events your own copy of each cinema programme mailed free Cinema Information:01223 572929(24 hr) of charge Box)ffice:01223504444 O a card with your own membership number 50%off membership to the Cambridge Darkroom Gallery )1.Which of the following is the most famous event held C.Nine months. at Cambridge Arts Cinema? D.One year. A.The Cambridge Film Festival. )4.For what purpose is the text written? B.Meetings with filmmakers. A.Offering students cheaper tickets. C.The preview screening. B.Announcing the opening of a premiere. D.Monthly premieres. C.Telling the public of the cinema's address. )2.If you're a member of Cambridge Arts Cinema,you D.Increasing the cinema's membership. will enjoy free Passage18(2023·湖南) A.Darkroom Gallery shows My father was Chief Engineer of a merchant ship,which B.mailed programmes was sunk in World War II.The book Night of the U-boats told C.special film events the story. D.film shows Memories C )3.How long will the membership for Cambridge Arts In September,1940,my mother,sister and I went to Cinema last? Swansea,where my father's ship was getting ready to sail,we A.Four months. brought him a family photography to be kept with him at all B.Eight months. times and keep him safe. ·205· Then I remember my mother lying face down,sobbing.She )4.What can we know about the author's father after his had heard from a friend that the ship had been sunk by a torpedo ship was attacked? (鱼雷). A.He lost his arm. I can remember the arrival of the telegram(电报)，which in B.He repaired the engines. those days always brought bad news.My grandmother opened it, C.He managed to take a lifeboat. it read,“Safe.Love Ted..” D.He was the last to leave the ship. My most vivid memory is being woken and brought down to ( )5.What is the passage mainly about? sit on my father's knee,his arm in a bandage. A.A group of forgotten heroes. He was judged unfit to return to sea and took a shore job in B.A book describing a terrifying battle. Glasgow for the rest of the war.For as long as I can remember, C.A ship engineer's wartime experience. he had a weak heart.Mother said it was caused by the torpedoes D.A merchant's memories of a sea rescue. He said it was because of the cigarettes.Whichever,he died sud- Passage19(2023·江西) denly in his early 50s. "Mum,what does it mean when someone tells you that they Ten years later I read Night of the U-boats and able to have a skeleton(骨骼)in the closet(衣橱)？”Jessica asked.“A complete the story. skeleton in the closet?"her mother paused thoughtfully,"Well, Torpedo it's something that you would rather not have anyone else know One torpedo struck the ship.Father was in the engine about.For example,if in the past,someone in Dad's family had room,where the third engineer was killed.He shut down the en- been arrested for stealing a horse,it would be 'a skeleton in his gines to slow the ship making it easier for it to be abandoned. family's closet'.He really wouldn't want any neighbor to know By the time he got on deck(he was alone.Every life- about it..” boat was gone except one which had stuck fast.When he tried to "Why pick on my family?"Jessica's father said with anger. cut it free,it swung against the ship,injuring his hand and arm. "Your family history isn't so good,you know.Wasn't your He has no choice but to jump-still with the photograph in his great-great-grandfather a prisoner who was transported to Aus- pocket. tralia for his crimes?""Yes,but people these days say that you Three days later,he and other survivors were safe in Glas- are not a real Australian unless your ancestors arrived as prison- gow.All 23 with him signed the back of the photograph. ers.”“Gosh,sorry I asked.I think I understand now.”Jessica A Toast cut in before things grew worse. In my room is the book and the photograph.Often,glass in After dinner,the house was very quiet.Jessica's parents hand,I have wondered how I would have dealt with an were still quite angry with each other.Her mother was ironing explosion,a sinking ship,a jump into a vast ocean and a wait for clothes and every now and then she glared at her husband,who rescue?I,est(以免）we forget,I have some more whisky and hid behind his newspaper pretending to read.When she finished, toast the heroes of the war. she gathered the freshly pressed clothes in her arms and walked ( )1.We can infer that the mother and children went to to Jessica's closet.Just as she opened the door and reached in to Swansea hang a skirt,a bony arm stuck out from the dark depths and a A.to meet a friend bundle of white bones fell to the floor.Jessica's mother sank into B.to see the father off a faint(晕倒)，waking only when Jessica put a cold,wet cloth on C.to take a family photo her forehead.She looked up to see the worried faces of her hus- D.to enjoy the sailing of the ship band and daughter. ( )2.What did the author learn about the father from the tel- “What happened？Where am I?”she asked.“You just de egram? stroyed the school's skeleton,Mum,"explained Jessica."I A.He was still alive. brought it home to help me with my health project.I meant to B.His knee was broken. tell you,but it seemed that as soon as I mentioned skeletons and C.His ship had been sunk. closets,it caused a problem between you and Dad."Jessica D.He had arrived in Glasgow. looked in amazement as her parents began to laugh madly. ( )3.The underlined word "it"in paragraph 6 refers to the “They're both crazy.”she thought. father's ()1.According to Jessica's mother,"a skeleton in the A.weak heart closet'”means B.taking a shore job A.a family honor C.failure to return to sea B.a family secret D.injury caused by a torpedo C.a family story ·206· D.a family treasure )1.Why did Arthur Miller's father move to the USA? ()2.What can we learn about some Australian's ancestors A.He suffered from severe hunger in his home coun- from Paragraph 2? try. A.They were brought to Australia as prisoners. B.He was attracted by the "Great American Dream". B.They were the earliest people living in Australia. C.He hoped to make his son a dramatist. C.They were involved in some crimes in Australia. D.His family business failed. D.They were not regarded as criminals in their days. ( )2.The play Death of a Salesman )3.Jessica's mother fell down into a faint because she was A.exposes the cruelty of the American business world B.discusses the ways to get promoted in a company A.knocked C.talks about the business career of Arthur Miller B.frightened D.focuses on the skills in doing business C.injured ( )3.What can we learn about Willy Loman? D.surprised A.He treats his employer badly. ( )4.Why did Jessica bring a skeleton home? B.He runs the Wagner Company. A.She was curious about it. C.He is a victim of the American system. B.She planned to keep it for fun. D.He is regarded as a hero by his colleagues. C.She needed it for her school task. ( )4.After it was first staged,Death of a Salesman D.She intended to scare her parents. A.achieved huge success )5.Jessica's parents laughed madly at the end of the story B.won the first Tony Award probably because C.was warmly welcomed by salesmen A.they were crazy D.was severely attacked by dramatists B.they were overexcited ( )5.What is the text mainly about? C.they realized their misunderstanding A.Arthur Miller and his family. D.they both thought they had won the quarrel B.The awards Arthur Miller won. Passage20(2023·山东) C.The hardship Arthur Miller experienced Arthur Miller(1915-2005)is universally recognized as one D.Arthur Miller and his best-known play. of the greatest dramatists of the 20th century.Miller's father had Passage21(2023·四川) moved to the USA from Austria-Hungary,drawn like so many The multi-million pound new Library of Birmingham(LoB) others by the "Great American Dream".However,he will be the most visible sign of the way the city is accepting the experienced severe financial hardship when his family business digitalization(数字化)of everyday life. was ruined in the Great Depression of the early 1930s. Set to open in 2013,the 188m LoB is already beginning to Miller's most famous play,Death of a Salesman,is a take shape next to the Birmingham Repertory Theatre,with powerful attack on the American system,with its aggressive way which it will share some equipment. of doing business and its insistence on money and social status as As digital media()is important to its idea,the project indicators of worth.In Willy Loman,the hero of the play,we is already providing chances for some of the many small new see a man who has got into trouble with this system.Willy is local companies working at the new technologies. "burnt out"and in the cruel world of business there is no room Brian Gambles,the LoB project director,says it is about for sentiment:if he can't do the work,then he is no good to his giving people the right tools for learning,"The aim is to mix the employer,the Wagner Company,and he must go.Willy is pain- physical with the digital,providing 24-hour services which can fully aware of this and at a loss as to what to do with his lack of be used through many different ways.It is important to enable us success.He refuses to face the fact that he has failed and kills to reach more people,more effectively." himself in the end. The digital library will,he says,be as important as the When it was first staged in 1949,the play was greeted with physical one,allowing the distant use of the services,making enthusiastic reviews,and it won the Tony Award for Best Play, sure that it is never closed to the public. the New York Drama Critics'Circle Award,and the Pulitzer Even before the LoB is complete,the public has been able to Prize for Drama.It was the first play to win all three of these go online to visit the Virtual(虚拟的)LoB,designed by Baden, major awards. the Birmingham virtual worlds specialists.Not only have the Miller died of heart failure at his home in Roxbury, public been able to learn about LoB,but the virtual one has also Connecticut,on the evening of February 10,2005,the 56th anniver- enabled those working on the LoB to understand the building and sary of the first performance of Death of a Salesman on Broadway. how it will work before it even opens. ·207· Two other small Birmingham-based digital companies are A.get a general idea of the LoB also working on the LoB projects.Substrate,a digital design B.meet many world-famous experts company,is developing what it calls an example of an "enlarged C.learn how to put up a library building reality"project.It is about the use of an exciting smart phone, D.understand how the specialists work on the project an important part of LoB which is in the early stages of develop- )3.Which of the following is true of the LoB when it ment.And the People's Archive is an online library of historical opens? figures of the city being built up by a digital content company in a.It offers better learning tools. Cahoots,in which users will be encouraged to add to and com- b.It reaches users in different ways. ment on the material. c.It provides users with smart phones. Gambles says:"Technology will enable us to make the d.It allows users to enrich its materials. library's content and services open to citizens as never before." e.It gives non-stop physical and digital services. ()1.The underlined part "its idea"in Paragraph 3 refers to A.a,b,d B.a,c,e the idea of C.b,c,d D.b,d,e A.the equipment ( )4.This text is most probably taken from B.the project A.a computer book C.the digital media B.a library guide D.the physical library C.a project handbook )2.While visiting the Virtual LoB,the public can D.a newspaper report Passage22(2023·福建) Elixir Written by Eric Walters Twelve-year-old Roth becomes a friend of Dr.Banting and his assistant,Mr.Best,who are in search of a cure for diabetes().She finds herself torn between her sympathy for the animals being experimented on and her friendship with Banting and Best. Book 1 George Washington Carver Written by Elizabeth Macleod Meet the“Peanut(花生)Specialist”,George Washington Carver,the inventor and professor who made over 325 products out of peanuts.Through his agricultural research,he also greatly improved the lives of countless black farmers in the southern United States.See also Book 2 Macleod's Albert Einstein:A Life o f Genius. The InuitC The Inuit Thought of It:Amazing Arctic Innovations Written by Alootook Ipellie &David MacDonald Explore more than 40 ideas necessary to Inuit survival.From ideas familiar to us today to inventive concepts that shaped their lives,celebrate the creativity of a remarkably intelligent people.Also see other books:The Chinese Thought of It by Tingxing Ye and A Native Ameri- Book 3 can Thought of It by Rocky Landon and David MacDonald. Made in Canada:101 Amazing Achievements Written by Bev Spencer What things do we use daily that have a Canadian connection?Here are 101 common things that were invented in Canada or by a Canadian,including the Blackberry,alkaline()batter- Book 4 ies and the Blue Box recycling program. ·208· Newton and the Time Machine Written by Michael MeGowan Ten-year-old boy Newton has invented a time machine to see dinosaurs up close.But it dis- appears on a test run with his two huge friends,King Herbert and Queen Certrude,in it!Can he save them before time runs out? Book 5 )1.Which of the following best describes Roth's feeling in nology.There's a bit of truth to that.Some students assume that Book 1? I am anti-technology.There's no truth in that at all.I love tech- A.Painful. nology and try to keep up with it so I can relate to my students. B.Curious. The real reason why I ask students to leave technology at C.Frightened. the door is that I think there are very few places in which we can D.Disappointed. have deep conversations and truly engage complex ideas.Inter- ( )2.Which of the following is TRUE according to the pas- ruptions by technology often break concentration and allow for sage? too much dependence on outside information for ideas.I want A.Animals are mentioned in Book 1 and Book 5. students to dig deep within themselves for inspiration and ideas.I B.Book 3 introduces 40 inventive concepts. want them to push each other to think differently and to make C.Alkaline batteries were invented by Dr.Banting. connections between the course material and the class discussion. D.George Washington Carver was a black farmer in I've been teaching my history class in this way for many the US. years and the evaluations reflect student satisfaction with the en- ( )3.In Book 5,King Herbert and Queen Gertrude are vironment that I create.Students realize that with deep conversa- A.Newton's human friends tion and challenge,they learn at a level that helps them keep the B.the names of the time machine course material beyond the classroom. C.two dinosaurs I'm not saying that I won't ever change my mind about tech- D.the inventors of the time machine nology use in my history class,but until I hear a really good rea- )4.If you are interested in native Americans,you may read son for the change,I'm sticking to my plan.A few hours of the book by technology-free dialogue is just too sweet to give up. A.Elizabeth Macleod ( )1.Some of the students in the history class were unhappy B.Eric Walters with C.Rocky London &David MacDonald A.the course material D.Bev Spencer B.others'misuse of technology Passage23(2023·北京) C.discussion topics Students and Technology in the Classroom D.the author's class regulations I love my Blackberry-it's my little connection to the larger )2.The underlined word "engage"in Para.4 probably world that can go anywhere with me.I also love my laptop com- means puter,as it holds all of my writing and thoughts.Despite this A.explore love of technology,I know that there are times when I need to B.accept move away from these devices and truly communicate C.change with others. D.reject On occasion,I teach a course called History Matters for a ( )3.According to the author,the use of technology in the group of higher education managers.My goals for the class in- classroom may clude a full discussion of historical themes and ideas.Because I A.keep students from doing independent thinking want students to thoroughly study the material and exchange B.encourage students to have in-depth conversations their ideas with each other in the classroom,I have a rule-no C.help students to better understand complex themes laptops,iPads,phones,etc.When students were told my rule in D.affect students'concentration on course evaluation advance of the class,some of them were not happy. ( )4.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the au- Most students assume that my reasons for this rule include thor unpleasant experiences in the past with students misusing tech- A.is quite stubborn ·209· B.will give up teaching history )3.According to Howard,garden cities should be built C.will change his teaching plan soon D.values technology-free dialogues in his class A.as far as possible from existing cities Passage24(2023·江西) B.in the countryside where the land was cheap The garden city was largely the invention of Ebenezer How- C.in the countryside where agriculture was developed ard(1850-1928).After immigrating from England to the USA, D.near cities where employment opportunities and an unsuccessful attempt to make a living as a farmer,he already existed moved to Chicago,where he saw the reconstruction of the city ( )4.What can we learn about garden cities from the last after the disastrous fire of 1871.In those days,it was nicknamed paragraph? "the Garden City",almost certainly the source of Howard's A.Their number would continue to rise. name for his later building plan of towns.Returning to London, B.Each one would continue to become larger. Howard developed his design in the 1880s and 1890s,drawing on C.People would live and work in the same place. ideas that were popular at the time,but creating a unique combi- D.Each one would contain a certain type of business. nation of designs. )5.What could be the best title for the passage? The nineteenth-century poor city was in many ways a A.City and Countryside terrible place,dirty and crowded;but it offered economic and B.The Invention of the Garden City social opportunities.At the same time,the British countryside C.A New City in Chicago was in fact equally unattractive:though it promised fresh air and D.A Famous Garden City in England nature,it suffered from agricultural depression(and it of- Passage25(2023·广东) fered neither enough work and wages,nor much social life. A year after graduation,I was offered a position teaching a Howard's idea was to combine the best of town and country in a writing class.Teaching was a profession I had never seriously con- new kind of settlement,the garden city.Howard's idea was that sidered,though several of my stories had been published.I accepted a group of people should set up a company,borrowing money to the job without hesitation,as it would allow me to wear a tie and go establish a garden city in the depressed countryside;far enough by the name of Mr.Davis.My father went by the same name,and I from existing cities to make sure that the land was bought at the liked to imagine people getting the two of us confused."Wait a mi- bottom price. nute,"someone might say,"are you talking about Mr.Davis the re- Garden cities would provide a central public open space,ra- tired man,or Mr.Davis the respectable scholar?" dial avenues and connecting industries.They would be The position was offered at the last minute,and I was given surrounded by a much larger area of green belt,also owned by two weeks to prepare,a period I spent searching for a briefcase the company,containing not merely farms but also some indus- (公文包)and standing before my full-length mirror,repeating trial institutions.As more and more people moved in,the garden the words,"Hello,class.I'm Mr.Davis."Sometimes I would city would reach its planned limit-Howard suggested 32,000 give myself an aggressive voice.Sometimes I would sound expe- people;then,another would be started a short distance away. rienced.But when the day eventually came,my nerves kicked in Thus,over time,there would develop a vast planned house col- and the true Mr.Davis was there.I sounded not like a thoughtful lection,extending almost without limit;within it,each garden professor,but rather a 12-year-old boy. city would offer a wide range of jobs and services,but each would I arrived in the classroom with paper cards designed in the also be connected to the others by a rapid transportation system, shape of maple leaves.I had cut them myself out of orange con- thus giving all the economic and social opportunities of a big city. struction paper.I saw nine students along a long table.I handed ()1.How did Howard get the name for his building plan of out the cards,and the students wrote down their names and fas- garden cities？ tened them to their breast pockets as I required. A.Through his observation of the country life. “All right then,”I said..“Okay,here we go.”Then I B.Through the combination of different ideas. opened my briefcase and realized that I had never thought beyond C.By taking other people's advice. this moment.I had been thinking that the students would be the D.By using the nickname of the reconstructed Chicago. first to talk,offering their thoughts and opinions on the events of ( )2.The underlined phrase "drawing on"in Paragraph 1 the day.I had imagined that I would sit on the edge of the desk, probably means overlooking a forest of raised hands.Every student would shout A.making use of to be heard,and I would knock on something in order to silence B.making comments on them.I would yell,"Calm down,you'll all get your turn.One at C.giving an explanation of a time,one at a time!” D.giving a description of A terrible silence ruled the room,and seeing no other opin- ·210· ions,I instructed the students to pull out their notebooks and conclusion that "After Lomborg,the environmental movement write a brief essay related to the theme of deep disappointment. will begin to die down." ()1.The author took the job to teach writing because Such one-sided views should have immediately been chal- A.he wanted to be respected lenged.But only a different review appeared in Nature,a respec- B.he had written some stories ted science magazine with specific readership.The review re- C.he wanted to please his father marked that Mr.Lomborg's "preference for unexamined D.he had dreamed of being a teacher materials is incredible(不可信的)”， ( )2.What can we learn about the author from Paragraph 2? A critical(批判的)eye is valuable,and the media should A.He would be aggressive in his first class. present information in such a way that could allow people to B.He was well-prepared for his first class. make informed decisions.Unfortunately,that is often C.He got nervous upon the arrival of his first class. inaccessible as blocked by the desire to be shocking or to defend D.He waited long for the arrival of his first class. some special interests.People might become half-blind before a C )3.Before he started his class,the author asked the world partially exhibited by the media.That's a shame,because students to matters concerning the health of the planet are far too important A.write down their suggestions on the paper cards to be treated lightly. B.cut maple leaves out of the construction paper ( )1.According to the passage,which of the following may C.cut some cards out of the construction paper be regarded as“skeptics”? D.write down their names on the paper cards A.People who agree on the popularity of "eco-guilt". )4.What did the students do when the author started his B.People who disbelieve the serious situation of our class? planet. A.They began to talk. C.People who dislike the harmful effect of human ac- B.They stayed silent. tivities. C.They raised their hands. D.People who spread comforting news to protect our D.They shouted to be heard. environment. ( )5.The author chose the composition topic probably ( )2.Which of the following can be a reason for the populari- because ty of Lomborg's book? A.he got disappointed with his first class A.Some big businesses intend to protect their own in- B.he had prepared the topic before class terests. C.he wanted to calm down the students B.The book challenges views about the fine state of the D.he thought it was an easy topic world. Passage26(2023·重庆） C.The author convinces people to seek comforting Skeptics are a strange lot.Some of them refuse to admit the worldviews, serious threat of human activities to the environment,and they are tired of people who disagree with them.Those people,say D.Industry-funded media present confusing informa- tion. skeptics,spread nothing but bad news about the environment. The "eco-guilt"brought on by the discouraging news about our )3.The author mentioned the review in Nature in order to planet gives rise to the popularity of skeptics as people search for more comforting worldviews. A.voice a different opinion B.find fault with Lomborg's book Perhaps that explains why a new book by Biorn Lomborg received so much publicity.That book,The Skeptical Environ- C.challenge the authority of the media mentalist,declares that it measures the "real state of the world" D.point out the value of scientific views. as fine.Of course,another explanation is the deep pockets of )4.What is the author's main purpose in writing the pas- some big businesses with special interests.Indeed,Mr. sage? Lomborg's views are similar to those of some Industry-funded A.To encourage the skeptics to have a critical eye. organizations,which start huge activities through the media to B.To warn the public of the danger of half-blindness confuse the public about issues like global warming. with reviews. So it was strange to see Mr.Lomborg's book go largely un- C.To blame the media's lack of responsibility in pres- challenged in the media though his beliefs were contrary to most enting information. scientific opinions.One national newspaper in Canada ran a num- D.To show the importance of presenting overall infor- ber of articles and reviews full of words of praise,even with the mation by the media. ·211· Passage27(2023·全国Ⅱ) A.1. B.2. "I didn't hear them call my name,"explained Shelley C.3. D.4. Hennig to Active Teens(AT)as she talked about that exciting )4.What did Shelley often do after she became Miss Loui- moment on national television when she won the honor of Miss siana Teen? Teen USA 2004."Are you ready?"is what she heard.Then she A.She visited drunken drivers. said,"I shook my head no,and then they said 'yes'and it was B.She gave dance performances. announced again,” C.She made speeches on safe driving. It was four days after that life changing moment for the sev- D.She helped other teens with their studies, enteen-year-old high school student from Destrehan,Louisiana- ( )5.What suggestion does Shelley give to the teens? she was still on cloud nine. A.Be yourself with the support of friends. "I was so shocked!I never believed that it could actually re- B.Meet friends whenever possible. ally happen.”Present in the audience(观众)that day were:her C.Go easy on yourself and others. mother and father,older brother,her friends,and her dance D.Have a good role model. teacher. Passage28(2023·江西) Understanding why members of her family and her friends Winners Club would be there,AT asked why her dance teacher had traveled so You choose to be a winner! far to see her compete(比赛).“She's always been my role model. The Winners Club is a bank account specially designed for I've danced with her since I was six.She's been through so many teenagers.It has been made to help you better manage your mon- difficulties and came through them all,I've learned to get over ey.The Winners Club is a transaction account(交易账户)where bad life's experiences and learned how to move on because you receive a key-card so you can get to your money 24/7-that's of her.” 24 hours a day,7 days a week! One of those bad life's experiences for Shelley happened It's a club with impressive features for teenagers: three years ago when her brother Brad was killed in a drunk driv- No account keeping fees! ing accident.He was 18.She found writing helped her get You're no millionaire so we don't expect you to pay large through the rough days.She said,"I write a lot about my broth- fees.In fact,there are no account keeping or transaction fees! er.I write a lot,a lot,a lot..." ●Excellent interest rates！ As Miss Louisiana Teen,she traveled around the state You want your money to grow.The Winners Club has a speaking to teens(青少年)about the dangers of drinking and good rate of interest which gets even better if you make at least driving.In her role as Miss Teen USA,Shelley will continue to two deposits()without taking them out in a month. speak to youth about safe driving,in addition to many other ®Convenient things to help the youth. Teenagers are busy-we get that.You may never need to When AT asked Miss Teen USA if she had any advice for come to a bank at all.With the Winners Club you can choose to our readers,she said,"Don't let anyone change you.Hang out use handy tellers and to bank from home using the phone and the with people that make you feel good about yourself.That way,it Internet...You can have money directly deposited into your Win- is easy to be yourself." ners Club account.This could be your pocket money or your pay ( )1.What do the words "on cloud nine"in Paragraph 2 from your part-time job! probably mean? OMega magazine included A.Frightened. Along with your regular report,you will receive a FREE B.Froubled. magazine full of good ideas to make even more of your money. C.Very happy. There are also fantastic offers and competitions only for Winners D.Very angry. Club members. )2.Shelley takes her dance teacher as a role model mainly The Winners Club is a great choice for teenagers.And it is because she is so easy to join.Simply fill in an application form.You will have A.determined to get permission from your parents or guardian(so we can or- B.friendly ganize that cool key-card)but it is easy.We can't want to hear C.strict from you.It's the best way to choose to be a winner! D.experienced ()1.The Winners Club is a bank account intended for )3.How many children did the Hennigs have according to A.parents B.teenagers the text? C.winners D.adults ·212· ( )2.Which of the following is TRUE about the Winners grouped in two categories:communication,and controlling de- Club? vices.One example is this wheelchair." A.Special gifts are ready for parents. He says his team has set two goals.One is testing with real B.The bank opens only on work days. patients,so as to prove that this is a technology they can benefit C.Services are convenient for its mem bers. from.And the other is to guarantee that they can use the tech- D.Fees are necessary for the account keeping. nology over long periods of time. ( )3.The Winners Club provides magazines which ()1.BCI is a technology that can A.encourage spending A.help to update computer systems B.are free to all teenagers B.link the human brain with computers C.are full of adventure stories C.help the disabled to recover D.help to make more of your money D.control a person's thoughts ( )4.If you want to be a member of the Club,you must ()2.How did Tavella operate the wheelchair in the labora- A.be an Internet user tory? B.be permitted by your parents A.By controlling his muscles. C.have a big sum of money B.By talking to the machine. D.be in your twenties C.By moving his hand. ()5.What is the purpose of this text? D.By using his mind. A.To set up a club. ( )3.Which of the following shows the path of the signals de- B.To provide part-time jobs. scribed in Paragraph 5? C.To organize key-cards. A.scalp-computer->cap-wheelchair D.To introduce a new banking service. B.computer-→cap→scalp→wheelchair Passage29(2023·山东) C.scalp->cap->computer-wheelchair Since the 1970s,scientists have been searching for ways to D.cap-computer-scalp-wheelchair link the brain with computers.Brain-computer interface(BCI) ( )4.The team will test with real patients to technology could help people with disabilities send commands to A.make profits from them machines. B.prove the technology useful to them Recently,two researchers,Jose Millan and Michele Tavella C.make them live longer from the Federal Polytechnic School in Lausanne,Switzerland, D.learn about their physical condition demonstrated (a small robotic wheelchair directed by a ( )5.Which of the following could be the best title for the person's thoughts. text? In the laboratory,Tavella operated the wheelchair just by A.Switzerland,the BCI Research Center thinking about moving his left or right hand.He could even talk B.New Findings About How the Human Brain Works as he watched the vehicle and guided it with his thoughts. C.BCI Could Mean More Freedom for the Disabled "Our brain has billions of nerve cells.These send signals D.Robotic Vehicles Could Help to Cure Brain Injuries through the spinal cord (to the muscles to give us the ability to move.But spinal cord injuries or other conditions can prevent these weak electrical signals from reaching the muscles," Tavella says."Our system allows disabled people to communicate with external world and also to control devices." The researchers designed a special cap for the user.This head cover picks up the signals from the scalp()and sends them to a computer.The computer interprets the signals and commands the motorized wheelchair.The wheelchair also has two cameras that identify objects in its path.They help the com- puter react to commands from the brain. Prof.Millan,the team leader,says scientists keep improving the computer software that interprets brain signals and turns them into simple commands."The practical possibilities that BCI technology offers to disabled people can be ·213· Passage30(2023·广东) D.encourage energy conservation In a world with limited land,water and other natural re- )4.We can learn from the last paragraph that businesses sources(资源)，the harm from the traditional business model is have many chances to on the rise.Actually,the past decades has seen more and more A.develop sustainable products forests disappearing and globe becoming increasingly warm.Peo- B.explore new natural resources ple now realize that this unhealthy situation must be changed, C.make full use of natural resources and that we must be able to develop in sustainable(可持续的) D.deal with the major challenge ways.That means growth with low carbon or development of ( )5.What is the main purpose of the passage? sustainable products.In other words,we should keep the earth A.To introduce a new business model. healthy while using its supply of natural resources. B.To compare two business models. Today,sustainable development is a popular trend in many C.To predict a change of the global market. countries.According to a recent study,the global market for D.To advocate sustainable development. low-carbon energy will become three times bigger over the next Passage31(2023·湖北) decade.China,for example,has set its mind on leading that Howling is a behaviour commonly observed among a wolf market,hoping to seize chances in the new round of the global pack.As pack animals,wolves work together to hunt and rely on energy revolution.It is now trying hard to make full use of wind howling as an important means of communication among each and solar energy,and is spending a huge amount of money mak- other.There are different explanations of a wolf's howl and it ap- ing electric cars and high-speed trains.In addition,we are also pears that there may be more to discover. seeing great growth in the global markets for sustainable One theory is that wolves howl to bond better together.It's products such as palm oil(棕榈油)，which is produced without almost as if howling together helps the pack stay together.Per- cutting down valuable rainforest.In recent years the markets for haps something similar to people feeling a sense of involvement sustainable products have grown by more than 50. with each other when singing a song together.But this theory Governments can fully develop the potential of these new may be wrong,explains Fred H.Harrington,a professor who markets.First,they can set high targets for reducing carbon studies wolf behaviour. emissions()and targets for saving and reusing energy.Be- Indeed,there have been times when wolves have been seen sides,stronger arrangement of public resources like forests can one moment howling in a chorus,and the next,quarreling also help to speed up the development.Finally,governments can among each other.It appears that usually the lowest-ranking avoid the huge expenses that are taking us in the wrong members of the pack may actually be "punished"for joining in direction,and redirecting some of those expenses can accelerate the chorus at times.So is howling a way to strengthen a social the change from traditional model to a sustainable one. bond or just a way to reconfirm status among its members?- The major challenge of this century is to find ways to meet Why do wolves howl for sure? the needs of a growing population within the limits of this single What is clear,however,is that howling is often used among planet.That is not small task,but it offers abundant new packmates to locate each other.Hunting grounds are distant and chances for sustainable product industries. it happens that wolves may separate from one another at times. ( )1.The traditional business model is harmful because of all When this happens,howling appears to be an excellent means of the following EXCEPT that gathering. A.it makes the world warmer Howling,interestingly,is a contagious behavior.When one B.it consumes natural resources wolf starts to howl,very likely others will follow.This is often seen C.it brings severe damage to forests to occur in the morning,as if wolves were doing some sort of "roll D.it makes growth hard to continue call"where wolves all howl together to report their presence. ( )2.What can we infer from Paragraph 2? ( )1.What is the possible similarity between wolves' A.China lacks wind and solar energy. howling together and humans'singing in chorus? B.China is the leader of the low-carbon market. A.The act of calling each other. C.High-speed trains are a low-carbon development. B.The sense of accomplishment. D.Palm oil is made at the cost of valuable forests. C.The act of hunting for something. )3.To fully develop the low-carbon markets,governments D.The sense of belonging to a group. can ()2.Why does Harrington think the "social bond"theory A.cut public expenses may be wrong？ B.forbid carbon emission A.Wolves separate from each other after howling C.develop public resources B.Wolves tend to protect their hunting grounds. 214· C.Wolves sometimes have quarrels after howling to- pages.People mourned the loss of the man and all the music he gether. might have still written. D.Wolves of low rank are encouraged to join in the ( )1.Many of Gershwin's musical works were chorus. A.written about New Yorkers ( )3.Researchers are sure that wolves often howl to B.composed for Paul Whiteman A.show their ranks C.played mainly in the countryside B.find their companions D.performed in various ways C.report the missing ones ( )2.What do we know about the concert organized by White- D.express their loneliness man? )4."Howling...is a contagious behaviour"(in the last para- A.It attracted more people to theatres. graph)means B.It proved jazz could be serious music. A.howling is a signal for hunting C.It made Gershwin leader of the orchestra. B.howling is a way of communication D.It caused a debate among jazz musicians. C.howling often occurs in the morning ( )3.What did Gershwin do during his stay in Paris? D.howling spreads from one to another A.He created one of his best works. B.He studied with Nadia Boulanger. 题源2阅读理解的题型（★★★★★） C.He argued with French critics. Passage1(2023·山东) D.He changed his music style. George Gershwin,born in 1898,was one of America's ( )4.What do we learn from the last paragraph? greatest composers.He published his first song when he was A.Many of Gershwin's works were lost. eighteen years old.During the next twenty years he wrote more B.The death of Gershwin was widely reported. than five hundred songs. C.A concert was held in memory of Gershwin Many of Gershwin's songs were first written for musical D.Brain cancer research started after Gershwin's death. plays performed in theatres in New York City.These plays were a ( )5.Which of the following best describes Gershwin? popular form of entertainment in the 1920s and 1930s.Many of his A.Talented and productive. songs have remained popular as ever.Over the years they have been B.Serious and boring. sung and played in every possible way-from jazz to country. C.Popular and unhappy. In the 1920s there was a debate in the United States about D.Friendly and honest. jazz music.Could jazz,some people asked,be considered serious Passage2(2023·湖北) music?In 1924 jazz musician and orchestra leader Paul Mothers and daughters go through so much-yet when was Whiteman decided to organize a special concert to show that jazz the last time a mother and daughter sat down to write a book was serious music.Gershwin agreed to compose something for together about it all?Perri Klass and her mother,Sheila Solomon the concert before he realized he had just a few weeks to do it. Klass,both gifted professional writers,prove to be ideal co-writers And in that short time,he composed a piece for piano and or as they examine their decades of motherhood,daughterhood,and the chestra which he called Rhapsody in Blue.Gershwin himself wonderful ways their lives have overlapped(重叠)， played the piano at the concert.The audience were thrilled when Perri notes with amazement how closely her own life has they heard his music.It made him world-famous and showed that mirrored her mother's:both have full-time careers;both have jazz music could be both serious and popular. published books,articles,and stories;each has three children; In 1928,Gershwin went to Paris.He applied to study com- they both love to read.They also love to travel-in fact,they of- position()with the well-known musician Nadia Boulanger, ten take trips together.But in truth,the harder they look at their but she rejected him.She was afraid that classical study would lives,the more they acknowledge their big differences in circum- ruin his jazz-influenced style.While there,Gershwin wrote An stance and basic nature. American in Paris.When it was first performed,critics A child of the Depression(大萧条)，Sheila was raised in were divided over the music.Some called it happy and full of Brooklyn by parents who considered education a luxury for girls. life,to others it was silly and boring.But it quickly became pop- Starting with her college education,she has fought for ular in Europe and the United States.It still remains one of his everything she's ever accomplished.Perri,on the other hand, most famous works. grew up privileged in the New Jersey suburbs of the 1960s and George Gershwin died in 1937,just days after doctors 1970s.For Sheila,wasting time or money is a crime,and luxury learned he had brain cancer.He was only thirty-nine years old. is unthinkable while Perri enjoys the occasional small luxury,but Newspapers all over the world reported his death on their front has not been successful at trying to persuade her mother into en- ·215· joying even the tiniest thing she likes. propriate to have a canopy()built into a street lamp."he Each writing in her own unmistakable voice,Perri and said. Sheila take turns exploring the joys and pains,the love and bit- The lampbrella is a standard-looking street lamp fitted with terness,the minor troubles and lasting respect that have always an umbrella canopy.It has a built-in electric motor which can bonded them together.Sheila describes the adventure of giving open or close the umbrella on demand..Sensors(传感器)then en- birth to Perri in a tiny town in Trinidad where her husband was sure that the umbrella offers pedestrians shelter whenever it doing research fieldwork.Perri admits that she can't sort out all starts raining. the mess in the households,even though she knows it drives her In addition to the rain sensor,there's also a 360 motion mother crazy.Together they compare thoughts on bringing up sensor on the biberglass street lamp which detects whether children and working,admit long-hidden sorrows,and enjoy anyone's using the lampbrella.After three minutes of not being precious memories. used the canopy is closed. Looking deep into the lives they have lived separately and According to the designer,the lampbrella would move at a together,Perri and Sheila tell their mother-daughter story with relatively low speed,so as not to cause harm to the pedestrians. honesty,humor,enthusiasm,and admiration for each other.A Besides,it would be grounded to protect from possible lighting written account in two voices,Every Mother Is a Daughter is a strike.Each lampbrella would offer enough shelter for several duet(二重奏)that produces a deep,strong sound with the expe- people.Being installed at 2 meters off the ground,it would only riences that all mothers and daughters will recognize. be a danger for the tallest of pedestrians. ()1.Why does Perri think that her own life has mirrored While there are no plans to take lampbrella into production, her mother's? Belyacv says he recently introduced his creation to Moscow De- A.They both have gone through difficult times. partment,and insists this creation could be installed on any B.They have strong emotional ties with each other. street where a lot of people walk but there are no canopies to C.They have the same joys and pains,and love and provide shelter. bitterness. ()1.For what purpose did Belyacv create the lampbrella? D.They both have experiences as daughter,mother A.To predict a heavy rain. and writer. B.To check the weather forecast. ()2.The word“luxury'”in Paragraph3 means C.To protect people from the rain. A.something rare but not pleasant D.To remind people to take an umbrella. B.something that cannot be imagined ( )2.What do we know from Belyacv's words in Paragraph 2? C.something expensive but not necessary A.His creation was inspired by an experience. D.something that can only be enjoyed by boys B.It rains a lot in the city of Saint Petersburg. ( )3.What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? C.Street lamps are protected by canopies. A.The content of the book. D.He enjoyed taking walks in the rain. B.The purpose of the book. ( )3.Which of the following show how the lampbrella works? C.The influence of the book. A.motorcanopy sensors D.The writing style of the book. B.sensors-motor-canopy ( )4.How are women's lives explored in this book? C.motor sensors-canopy A.In a musical form. D.canopy-motor-sensors B.Through field research. ( )4.What does Paragraph 5 mainly tell us about the lamp- C.With unique writing skills. brella? D.From different points of view. A.Its moving speed. Passage3(2023·山东) B.Its appearance. You can't always predict a heavy rain or remember your C.Its installation. umbrella.But designer Mikhail Belyacv doesn't think that forget- D.Its safety. ting to check the weather forecast before heading out should ( )5.What can be inferred from the last paragraph? result in you getting wet.That's why he created lampbrella,a A.The designer will open a company to promote his lamp post with its own rain sensing umbrella. product. The designer says he comes up with the idea after watching B.The lampbrella could be put into immediate produc- people get wet on streets in Russia."Once,I was driving on a tion. central Saint Petersburg street and saw the street lamps lighting C.The designer is confident that his creation is practical. up people trying to hide from the rain.I thought it would be ap- D.The lampbrella would be put on show in Moscow. ·216· Passage4(2023·四川) As a matter of routine I ordered a chest X-ray.I looked at it and the blood results an hour later.Something wasn't right."Did Fun Day your local doctor do an X-ray?"I asked."Oh,I haven't been to the doctor for years,"she replied."I read about it on a website To celebrate the Year of the Snake and the symptoms fitted,so I knew that's what I had." Organised by Lam Tin Youth Centre and Kwun Tong High School However,some of her symptoms,like the severe cough and Date:2 February 2013 weight loss,didn't fit with it-but she'd just ignored this. Time:10a.m.-5 p.m Place:Kwun Tong Playground I looked at the X-ray again,and more tests confirmed it Fee:$20 (buy three get one free) Programmes:drama,lion dance,magic show and ballet performance wasn't the cancer but tuberculosis(肺结核)一something that Highlights:1)enter the lucky draw to win a digital camera 2)learn to make festival food most certainly did need treating,and could be deadly.She was Join us on the Fun Day! lucky we caught it when we did. All are welcome! Soft Drinks Mrs.Almond went pale when I explained she would have to Note: Tickets are available at the General Office of Lam Tin Youth Centre. be on treatment for the next six months to ensure that she was *For those who would like to be a volunteer,please contact Miss Olivia Wong one week before the activity. fully recovered.It was certainly a lesson for her."I'm so embar- rassed."she said,shaking her head,as I explained that all the )1.What you have just read is a people she had come into close contact with would have to be A.note B.report found out and tested.She listed up to about 20,and then I went C.schedule D.poster to my office to type up my notes.Unexpectedly,the computer ( )2.What is going to take place on 2 February,2013? was not working,so I had to wait until someone from the IT de- A.A big event to welcome a Chinese new year. partment came to fix it.Typical.Maybe I should have a micro- B.A social gathering to raise money for wildlife. wave sausage while I waited. C.A party for close friends to meet and have fun. ( )1.Mrs.Almond talked about her illness calmly because D.A meeting of Kwun Tong High School students. )3.How much do you have to pay in total if four of you go A.she thought she knew it well together? B.she had purchased medicine online A.$20. B.$40. C.she graduated from a medical school C.$60. D.$80. D.she had been treated by local doctors ( )4.Which of the following statements is TRUE? )2.It was lucky for Mrs.Almond A.Tickets are sold in Kwun Tong High School. A.to have contacted many friends B.It's unnecessary to take soft drinks with you. B.to have recovered in a short time C.Free digital cameras are provided for everybody. C.to have her assumption confirmed D.Festival food will be served without extra charge. D.to have her disease identified in time Passage5(2023·湖北) ( )3.Mrs.Almond said "I'm so embarrassed"(Para.7)be- The technology is great.Without it we wouldn't have been cause able to put a man on the moon,explore the ocean's depths or eat A.she had distrusted her close friends microwave sausages.Computers have revolutionized our lives and B.she had caused unnecessary trouble they have the power to educate and pass on knowledge.But C.she had to refuse the doctor's advice sometimes this power can create more problems than it solves. D.she had to tell the truth to the doctor Every doctor has had to try their best to calm down patients ( )4.By mentioning the breakdown of the computer,the au- who've come into their surgery waving an Internet print-out, thor probably wants to prove convinced that they have some rare incurable disease,say,throat A.it's a must to take a break at work cancer.The truth is usually far more ordinary,though:they B.it's vital to believe in IT professionals don't have throat cancer,and it's just that their throats are swol- C.it's unwise to simply rely on technology len.Being a graduate of the Internet "school"of medicine does D.it's a danger to work long hours on computers not guarantee accurate self-health-checks. Passage6(2023·广东) One day Mrs.Almond came to my hospital after feeling 信息匹配 faint at work.While I took her blood sample and tried to find out 阅读下列应用文及相关信息，并按照要求匹配信息。首先 what was wrong,she said calmly,"I know what's wrong;I've 请阅读下列儿童读物的封面及基本信息： got throat cancer.I know there's nothing you doctors can do about it and I've just got to wait until the day comes." ·217· A. I Heard It from Alice Zucchini: pictures show the many aspects in the life of a tree Poems about the Garden down to the caterpillars that eat the leaves.It is good Alice Juanita Havill for pre-school children. Zucchin Illustrated by Christine Davenier )2.This charming picture book highlights the life of a gar- 2006,Chronicle Books,S 15.95. den,from planting seeds to harvesting.With the nar- Ages 4 to 8.Reviewer:Jean rator as guide,the reader is led through a variety of Boreen,Ph.D. free verse and occasionally rhymed poems that fill in the story of a garden and its inhabitants.The picture, B. Busy in the Garden delightful watercolors in bright pastels,add to the George Shannon whimsical feel of the poems.Young readers will cer- IBUSY Pictures by Sam Williams tainly enjoy this fun and fanciful text. INTHE 2006,Greenwillow/HarperCollins. ( )3.This is a story from 1956 which introduces a little boy who GARDEN S 15.99 and $16.89.Ages 3-5.Re- likes to go fishing with a tree limb,a worm,and a pin. 8770 viewer:Sheliah Egan. Although he never catches anything,on this particular day he finally does hook three big ones,but the little one gets away.The boy pulls them home in his wagon and his The Biggest Fish The Biggest Fish in the Lake in the Lake mother cooks them for supper.The swinging rhythms of 小 Margaret Carney the text and the good humor evident in the illustrations Illustrated by Janet Wilson 2001, remain fun for the youngest readers. Kids Can Press,S15.95.Ages 4 to )4.This useful,attractive,oversize volume uses its height 8.Reviewer:Sue Reichard. well,employing a tree metaphor to show the earth's various kinds of life and how all living things,from D The Little Fish that Got Away bacteria to the largest mammals,are related.Each Bernadine Cook spread covers one branch of the animal kingdom.To lllustrations by Crockett Johnson make the enormity of species understandable,Strauss 2005 (orig.1956),HarperCollins, equates individual species (e.g.,10,000 bacteria)with $14.99.Ages 3 to 7.Reviewer: one leaf on the tree. Barbara L.Talcroft. ( )5.This is a story about how a grandfather teaches his ea- ger granddaughter to catch speckled trout from the E stream in springtime.After a whole day on the lake, A Grand Old Tree only Grandpa is lucky.The next morning the young Mary Newell DePalma fisherman hurries to the dock alone,and soon she 2006,Arthur A.Levine Books/ hooks the catch of a lifetime.Young readers will appre- GraNd Old Tree Scholastic,$16.99.Ages 2 to 5. ciate this story that celebrates the special bond between the older and younger generation,while brilliant wa- tercolor illustrations capture the beauty of the natural F. Tree of life:the incredible biodi- world. versity of life on earth Passage7(2023·北京) Rochelle Strauss The Basics of Math-Made Clear lllustrated by Margot Thompson Basic Math introduces students to the basic concepts of 2004,Toronto:Kids Can Press, mathematics,as well as the fundamentals of more tricky areas. S16.95. These 30 fantastic lectures are designed to provide students with Grades 3-6. an understanding of arithmetic and to prepare them for Algebra 下面是这些书的简要内容。请把相关的内容与它们的书名 (代数)and beyond. 匹配起来。 The lessons in Basic Math cover every basic aspect of arith- ( )1.This picture book explores the life of a tree that has metic..They also look into exponents(指数)，the order of opera- deep roots,long arms,and many children.She tions,and square roots.In addition to learning how to perform provides shelter for many animals and bears fruit.The various mathematical operations,students discover why these author uses colorful,simple,yet detailed watercolor operations work,how a particular mathematical topic relates to illustrations to convey her words.The charming other branches of mathematics,and how these operations can be ·218· used practically. Passage8(2023·湖北) Basic Math starts from the relatively easier concepts and It was a simple letter asking for a place to study at gradually moves on to the more troublesome ones,so as to allow Scotland's oldest university which helped start a revolution in for steady and sure understanding of the material by students. higher education.A 140-year-old letter written by a lady calling The lectures offer students the chance to "make sense"of mathe- for her to be allowed to study medicine at St Andrews University matical knowledge that may have seemed so frightening.They has been discovered by researchers.Written by Sophia Jex-Blake also help students prepare for college mathematics and overcome in 1873,the seven-page document,which urged the university to their anxiety about this amazing-and completely understanda- allow women to study medicine at the institution,was released ble-field of study. yesterday on International Women's Day. By the conclusion of the course,students will have The document was discovered buried in the university ar- improved their understanding of basic math.They will be able to chives()by part-time history student Lis Smith,who is clear away the mystery(神秘性)of mathematics and face their completing her PhD at St Andrews Institute of Scottish studies with more confidence than they ever imagined.In Historical Research.She said:"We knew that Sophia Jex-Blake addition,they will strengthen their ability to accept new and ex- and her supporters,in their effort to open up university medical citing mathematical challenges. education for women,had written to the Senatus Academicus( Professor H.Siegel,honored by Kentucky Educational Tel- 评议委员会)at St Andrews in an attempt to gain permission to evision as "the best math teacher in America",is a devoted attend classes there,but we didn't know documentary evidence teacher and has a gift for explaining mathematical concepts in existed.While searching the archives for information about the ways that make them seem clear and obvious.From the basic university's higher certificate for women,I was astonished to concrete ideas to the more abstract problems,he is a master in come across what must be the very letter Jex-Blake wrote." making math lectures learner-friendlier and less scary. In the letter,Sophia and her supporters offered to hire With a PhD in Mathematics Education from Georgia State teachers or build suitable buildings for a medical school and to University,Dr.Siegel teaches mathematics at Central Arizona arrange for lectures to be delivered in the subjects not already College.His courses include various make-up classes and a num- covered at St Andrews.Although her letter was not successful, ber of lectures for future primary school teachers. it eventually led to the establishment of the Ladies Literate in If the course fails to provide complete satisfaction to you, Arts at St Andrews,a distance-learning degree for women.The you can easily exchange it for any other course that we offer.Or qualification,which ran from 1877 until the 1930s,gave women you can get your money back. access to university education in the days before they were admit- ()1.What does the course Basic Math mainly cover? ted as students.It was so popular that it survived long after A.Algebra. women were admitted as full students to St Andrews in 1892. B.College Mathematics. Ms Jex-Blake went on to help establish the London School C.Arithmetic. of Medicine for Women in 1874.She was accepted by the Univer- D.Mathematics Education. sity of Berne,where she was awarded a medical degree in ()2.What benefits can students expect from Basic Math? January 1877.Eventually,she moved back to Edinburgh and A.Stronger imaginative ability. opened her own practice. B.Additional presentation skills. ()1.Sophia wrote a letter to St Andrews University because C.More mathematical confidence. she wanted D.Greater chances of becoming teachers. A.to carry out a research project there ( )3.What can we learn about Professor H.Siegel? B.to set up a medical institute there A.He is a guest lecturer at Kentucky Educational Tel- C.to study medicine there evision. D.to deliver lectures there B.He is to deliver 30 lectures in Basic Math. )2.Lis Smith found Sophia's letter to St Andrews Univer- C.He works in Georgia State University. sity D.He specializes in training teachers. A.by pure chance ( )4.Where is the passage most likely to have been taken B.in the school office from? C.with her supporters'help A.A news report. D.while reading history books B.A book review. )3.Sophia's letter resulted in the establishment of C.A lesson plan. A.the London School of Medicine for Women D.An advertisement. B.a degree programme for women ·219· C.a system of medical education )3.What is the best title for the passage? D.the University of Berne A.Forgotten Wisdom in America ( )4.When did St Andrews University begin to take full- B.Huge Fans of the Chinese Language time women students? C.Chinese Culture for Westerners A.1n1873. D.Old Thinker with a Big Future B.1n1874. ( )4.The passage is likely to appear in C.1n1877. A.a biography D.ln1892. B.a history paper Passage9(2023·过宁) C.a newspaper If Confucius()were still alive today and could celebrate D.a philosophy textbook his September 28 birthday with a big cake,there would be a lot Passage10(2023·重庆) of candles.He'd need a fan or a strong wind to help him put To take the apple as a forbidden fruit is the most unlikely them out. story the Christians(基督教徒)have ever cooked up.For them, While many people in China will remember Confucius on his the forbidden fruit from Eden is evil(邪恶的).So when special day,few people in the United States will give him a pass- Columbus brought the tomato back from South America,a land ing thought.It's nothing personal.Most Americans don't even mistakenly considered to be Eden,everyone jumped to the remember the birthdays of their own national heroes. obvious conclusion.Wrongly taken as the apple of Eden,the to- But this doesn't mean that Americans don't care about Con- mato was shut out of the door of Europeans. fucius.In many ways he has become a bridge that foreigners What made it particularly terrifying was its similarity to the must cross if they want to reach a deeper understanding of China. mandrake,a plant that was thought to have come from Hell( In the past two decades,the Chinese studies programs have )What earned the plant its awful reputation was its roots gained huge popularity in Western universities.More recently, which looked like a dried-up human body occupied by evil spirits. the Chinese government has set up Confucius Institutes in more Though the tomato and the mandrake were quite different except than 80 countries.These schools teach both Chinese language that both had bright red or yellow fruit,the general population and culture.The main courses of Chinese culture usually included considered them one and the same,too terrible to touch. Chinese art,history and philosophy ()Some social Cautious Europeans long ignored the tomato,and until the scientists suggest that Westerners should take advantage of the early 1700s most of the Western people continued to drag their ancient Chinese wisdom to make up for the draw backs of feet.In the 1880s,the daughter of a well-known plant expert Western philosophy.Students in the United States,at the same wrote that the most interesting part of an afternoon tea at her time,are racing to learn Chinese.So they will be ready for life in father's house had been the "introduction of this wonderful new a world where China is an equal power with the United States. fruit-or is it a vegetable?"As late as the twentieth century some Businessmen who hope to make money in China are reading writers still classed tomatoes with mandrakes as an"evil fruit". books about Confucius to understand their Chinese customers. But in the end tomatoes carried the day.The hero of the to- So the old thinker's ideas are still alive and well. mato was an American named Robert Johnson,and when he was Today China attracts the West more than ever,and it will publicly going to eat the tomato in 1820,people journeyed for need more teachers to introduce Confucius and Chinese culture to hundreds of miles to watch him drop dead."What are you afraid the West. of?"he shouted."I'll show you fools these things are good to As for the old thinker,he will not soon be forgotten by peo- eat!"Then he bit into the tomato.Some people fainted.But he ple in the West,even if his birthday is. survived and,according to a local story,set up a tomato-canning ()1.The opening paragraph is mainly intended to factory. A.provide some key facts about Confucius ( )1.The tomato was shut out of the door of early B.attract the readers'interest in the subject Europeans mainly because C.show great respect for the ancient thinker A.it made Christians evil D.prove the popularity of modern birthday celebrations B.it was the apple of Eden ( )2.We can learn from Paragraph 4 that American students C.it came from a forbidden land D.it was religiously unacceptable A.have a great interest in studying Chinese )2.What can we infer from the underlined part in B.take an active part in Chinese competitions Paragraph 3? C.try to get high scores in Chinese exams A.The process of ignoring the tomato slowed down. D.fight for a chance to learn Chinese B.There was little progress in the study of the tomato. 。 220· C.The tomato was still refused in most western A.Find. countries. B.Copy. D.Most western people continued to get rid of the C.Change. tomato. D.Lose. ( )3.What is the main reason for Robert Johnson to eat the ( )2.Which of the following best describes the families of tomato publicly? the astronauts on the ISS? A.To make himself a hero. A.They are caring and thoughtful. B.To remove people's fear of the tomato. B.They are worried and upset. C.To speed up the popularity of the tomato. C.They are impatient and annoyed. D.To persuade people to buy products from his facto- D.They are excited and curious. ry. )3.In the final paragraph,the author shows that ( )4.What is the main purpose of the passage? astronauts A.To challenge people's fixed concepts of the tomato. A.get more pleasure in space than on the Earth B.To give an explanation to people's dislike of the to- B.find living in space a bit boring and tiring mato. C.regard space life as common C.To present the change of people's attitudes to the D.love to see the Earth from space tomato. ( )4.The passage mainly discusses how astronauts D.To show the process of freeing the tomato from re- A.work for longer missions in space ligious influence. B.connect with people on the Earth Passage11(2023·辽宁) C.observe the Earth from space Astronauts on shorter shuttle missions (often work D.spend their free time in space very long days.Tasks are scheduled so tightly that break times Passage12(2023·山东) are often used to finish the day's work.This type of schedule is For those who are tired of doing the laundry,Samsung has far too demanding for long missions on the International Space found an answer:a washing machine that can tell you when your Station(ISS).ISS crewmembers usually live in space for at least laundry is done via a smartphone app(application). a quarter of a year.They work five days on and two days off to Strange though it may seem-"my wife already does that" mimic the normal way they do things on Earth as much as possi- was a common response among attendees viewing the device ble.Weekends give the crew valuable time to rest and do a few when it was introduced at the Consumer Electronics Show (CES) hours of housework.They can communicate with family and this week-Samsung is just one of many appliance makers racing friends by email,Internet phone and through private video con- to install()a large number of internet-connected features in ferences. machines in an effort to make them“smart”, While astronauts cannot go to a baseball game or a movie in Last year,it was a refrigerator that tweeted.This year,it's orbit,there are many familiar activities that they can still enjoy. Wi-Fi-enabled laundry machines and fridges that can tell you Before a mission,the family and friends of each ISS crewmember when your groceries are going bad. put together a collection of family photos,messages,videos and The washers and dryers,available starting in the spring, reading materials for the astronauts to look at when they will be connect to any smartphone through a downloadable application. floating 370 kilometers above the Earth.During their mission, The phone can then be used as a remote control,so the machines the crew also receives care packages with CDs,books, can be turned on and off while their owner is at work or on magazines,photos and letters.And as from early 2010,the In- the bus. ternet became available on the ISS,giving astronauts the chance Samsung says it's not just something new-the app connec- to do some“web surfing(冲浪)”in their personal time,Besides tion actually has some practical uses. relaxing with these more common entertainments,astronauts "If you started to dry clothes in the morning and forgot to can simply enjoy the experience of living in space. take them out,you can go to your phone and restart your dryer Many astronauts say that one of the most relaxing things to for the time when you come home,so your clothes are refreshed do in space is to look out of the window and stare at the universe and ready to go."said spokesperson Amy Schmidt. and the Earth.Both the shuttle and the ISS circle the planet sev- The company also says that with electricity rates ( eral times each day,and every moment offers a new view of the varying depending on the time of day,more control over when Earth's vast land mass and oceans. the machines are used can help save money. ()1.What does the word "mimic"in Paragraph 1 probably Perhaps,but what they will probably really accomplish is mean? what all good technologies do-enable laziness.Rather than get- ·221· ting up to check on whether the laundry is done,users will in- ran downstairs.My socks still hung there flat.But I knew they stead monitor it on their phones while watching TV. were not empty;they were filled with love! ()1.What can be inferred from the common response of the ()1.What happened to the author on September 11h, attendees at the CES? 1958? A.The machine will be a big success. A.He got a baby brother. B.Their wives like doing the laundry. B.He got a Christmas gift. C.The machine is unrelated to their life. C.He became four years old. D.This kind of technology is familiar to them. D.He received a doll. ( )2.What can we learn about the new laundry machines? ）2.What does the underlined word“ominous”in A.They can tell you when your clothes need washing. Paragraph 3 probably mean? B.They can be controlled with a smartphone. A.Impossible. C.They are difficult to operate. B.Boring. D.They are sold at a low price. C.Difficult. ( )3.We can conclude from Samsung's statements that D.Fearful. ( )3.Which word can best describe the feeling of the father A.the app connection makes life easier when Christmas was coming? B.it is better to dry clothes in the morning A.Excitement. C.smartphones can shorten the drying time B.Happiness. D.we should refresh clothes back at home C.Sadness. ( )4.What is the main idea of the last paragraph? D.Disappointment. A.The laundry should be frequently checked. ()4.What is the passage mainly about? B.Lazy people like using such machines. A.A sad Christmas day. C.Good technologies also cause problems. B.Life with a lovely baby. D.Television may help do the laundry. C.A special Christmas gift. Passage13(2023·重庆) D.Memories of a happy family. One of my wonderful memories is about a Christmas gift. Passage14(2023·陕西) Unlike other gifts,it came without wrap(包装). On September 11h,1958,Mum gave birth to Richard. Eating too much fatty food,exercising too little and After she brought him home from hospital,she put him in my smoking can raise your future risk of heart disease.But there is another factor that can cause your heart problems more immedi- lap,saying,"I promised you a gift,and here it is."What an ately:the air you breathe. honour!I turned four a month earlier and none of my friends had such a baby doll of their own.I played it day and night.I sang to Previous studies have linked high exposure()to envi- it.I told it stories.I told it over and over how much I loved it! ronmental pollution to an increased risk of heart problems,but One morning,however,I found its bed empty.My doll was two analyses now show that poor air quality can lead to heart at- gone!I cried for it.Mum wept told me that the poor little thing tack or stroke()within as little as a few hours after expo- had been sent to a hospital.It had a fever.For several days I sure.In one review of the research,scientists found that people heard Mum and Dad whispering such words as“hopeless'”,“piti exposed to high levels of pollutants(污染物)were up to5% ful”,and“dying”",which sounded ominous. more likely to suffer a heart attack within days of exposure than Christmas was coming."Don't expect any presents this those with lower exposure.A separate study of stroke patients year,"Dad said,pointing at the socks I hung in the living room. showed that even air that the U.S.Environmental Protection "If your baby brother lives,that'll be Christmas enough."As he Agency(EPA)considers to be of“moderate”(良好)quality and spoke his eyes filled with tears.I'd never seen him cry before. relatively safe for our health can raise the risk of stroke as much The phone rang early on Christmas morning.Dad jumped as 34%within 12 to 14 hours of exposure. out of bed to answer it.From my bedroom I heard him say, The authors of both studies stress that these risks are rela- “What?He's all right?”He hung up and shouted upstairs.“The tively small for healthy people and certainly modest compared hospital said we can bring Richard home！” with other risk factors such as smoking and high blood pressure. “Thank God!”I heard Mum cry. However,it is important to be aware of these dangers because From the upstairs window,I watched my parents rush out everyone is exposed to air pollution regardless of lifestyle to the car.I had never seen them so happy.And I was also full choices.So stricter regulation by the EPA of pollutants may not of joy.What a wonderful day!My baby doll would be home.I only improve environmental air quality but could also become ·222· necessary to protect public health. to create the theme and wonder of a dream.As I watched both po- ()1.The text mainly discusses the relationship between ems passing through the printer,the white paper coloring with words that shaped my childhood,I felt that this was a gift that my A.heart problems and air quality father would truly appreciate. B.heart problems and exercising Christmas soon arrived.The minute I saw the look on my C.heart problems and smoking dad's face as he unwrapped those swirling black letters carefully D.heart problems and fatty food placed in a cheap frame,I knew I had given the perfect gift. )2.The underlined word "modest"in Paragraph 3 most ( )1.The idea for a special gift began to form when the au- probably means thor was A.relatively high A.doing shopping B.extremely low B.having a debate C.relatively low C.reading a message D.extremely high D.leaving for Wyoming )3.What can we learn from the text? )2.The author's inspiration for the gift came from A.Eating fatty food has immediate effects on your A.a photo of a flower heart. B.a story about a kid B.The EPA conducted many studies on air quality. C.a call from the mother C.Moderate air quality is more harmful than smoking. D.a text about Christmas D.Stricter regulations on pollutants should be made. ( )3.The underlined word "it"in Paragraph 3 refers to a po- )4.The author's purpose of writing the text is most likely em by to A.the father A.inform B.the author B.persuade C.William Blake C.describe D.Edgar Allan Poe D.entertain ( )4.The author made the gift by Passage15(2023·湖南) A.searching for the poems online What makes a gift special?Is it the price you see on the gift B.drawing the background by hand receipt?Or is it the look on the recipient's face when they receive C.painting the letters in three colors it that determines the true value?What gift is worth the most? D.matching the words with pictures This Christmas I was debating what to give my father.My ( )5.What is the main purpose of the passage? dad is a hard person to buy for because he never wants anything. A.To show how to design images for gifts. I pulled out my phone to read a text message from my mom say- B.To suggest making gifts from one's heart. ing that we were leaving for Christmas shopping for him when I C.To explain how computers help create gifts. came across a message on my phone that I had locked.The mes- D.To describe the gifts the author has received. sage was from my father.My eyes fell on a photo of a flower Passage16(2023·湖北) taken in Wyoming,and underneath a poem by William Blake. When my brother and I were young,my mom would take The flower,alone dandelion standing against the bright blue us on Transportation Days. sky,inspired me.My dad had been reciting those words to me It goes like this:You can't take any means of transportation since I was a kid.That may even be the reason why I love writ- more than once.We would start from home,walking two blocks ing.I decided that those words would be my gift to my father. to the rail station.We'd take the train into the city center,then a I called back.I told my mom to go without me and that I al- bus,switching to the tram,then maybe a taxi.We always con- ready created my gift.I sent the photo of the cream-colored sidered taking a horse carriage in the historic district,but we flower to my computer and typed the poem on top of it.As I was didn't like the way the horses were treated,so we never did.At arranging the details another poem came to mind.The poem was the end of the day,we took the subway to our closest station, written by Edgar Allan Poe;my dad recited it as much as he did where Mom's friend was waiting to give us a ride home-our the other.I typed that out as well and searched online for a back- first car ride of the day. ground to the words of it.The poem was focused around drea- The good thing about Transportation Days is not only that ming,and after searching I found the perfect picture.The image Mom taught us how to get around.She was born to be multimo- was painted with blues and greens and purples,twisting together dal(多方式的)，She understood that depending on cars only was ·223· a failure of imagination and,above all,a failure of confidence- the product of a childhood not spent exploring subway tunnels. Once you learn the route map and step with certainty over the gap between the train and the platform,nothing is frightening any more.New cities are just light-rail lines to be ex- plored.And your personal car,if you have one,becomes just one more tool in the toolbox-and often an inadequate one,limiting both your mobility and your wallet. On Transportation Days,we might stop for lunch on Chest- nut Street or buy a new book or toy,but the transportation was the point.First,it was exciting enough to watch the world speed by from the train window.As I got older,my mom helped me un- lock the mysteries that would otherwise have paralyzed my first at- tempts to do it myself.How do I know where to get off?How do I know how much it costs?How do I know when I need tickets,and where to get them?What track,what line,which direction,where's the stop,and will I get wet when we go under the river? I'm writing this right now on an airplane,a means we didn't try on our Transportation Days and,we now know,the dirtiest and most polluting of them all.My flight routed me through Philadelphia.My multimodal mom met me for dinner in the air- port.She took a train to meet me. ()1.Which was forbidden by Mom on Transportation Days? A.Having a car ride. B.Taking the train twice. C.Buying more than one toy. D.Touring the historic district. ()2.According to the writer,what was the greatest benefit of her Transportation Days? A.Building confidence in herself. B.Reducing her use of private cars. C.Developing her sense of direction. D.Giving her knowledge about vehicles. ()3.The underlined word "paralyzed"(in Para.5)is closest in meaning to“ ” A.displayed B.justified C.ignored D.ruined )4.Which means of transportation does the writer probably disapprove of? A.Airplane. B.Subway. C.Tram. D.Car. ·224· Passage17(2023·安微) C.a note to a doctor in a university D.an introduction to a professor Passage 1 Passage18(2023·全国Ⅱ) The Information Highway is the road that links com- Since 1984,Philadelphia has been cleaning up its act.One puter users to a large number of on-line services:the Web, by one,graffiti-covered walls are being changed into outdoor art. e-mail,and software,to mention just a few.Not long ago, So far,more than 1,800 murals()have been painted.Phila- the Information Highway was a new road,with not many delphia now has more murals than any other American city. users.Now,everyone seems to want to take a drive,with The walls that were once ugly with graffiti()are now over 30 million families connected worldwide.Not surpris- covered with beautiful pictures of historical heroes and modern ingly,this well-traveled highway is starting to look like a art,thanks to the Mural Arts Program (MAP).Its work makes well-traveled highway.Traffic jams can cause many serious schools and public places attractive,and its citizens very proud. problems,forcing the system to close down for repair.Nat- The program began as part of Philadelphia's Anti-Graffiti Net- urally,accidents will happen on such a crowed road,and u- work.Jane Golden is the MAP's artistic director."When people sually victims are some files,gone forever.Then,of ask me what our program is about,"she says,"I answer them course,there's Mr.Cool,with his new broad-band connec- with one word:hope."Each year,the MAP offers youth art pro- tion,who speeds down the highway faster than most of us grams and workshops.Some one-time graffiti writers even help can go.But don't trick yourself;he pays for that speeding. paint MAP murals. The MAP's work,says Golden,is all about developing a Passage 2 sense of community ()When a neighborhood requests a Want to know more about global warming and how mural,the MAP works with the people there to develop a mes- you can help prevent it?Doctor Herman Friedman,who is sage.Some messages have been“Safe Streets”,“Love and considered a leading expert on the subject,will speak at Care”,and“Peace Walk'”. Grayson Hall next Friday.Friedman studied environmental The MAP receives up to 50 requests for murals each week. science at three well-known universities around the world Last year,the workers painted 140 murals. before becoming a professor in the subject.He has also "The making of a mural enters people's collective memory traveled around the world observing environmental as an extraordinary,pleasant moment in neighborhood history." concerns.The gradual bleaching()of the Great Barrier says Golden,who began as a muralist in Los Angeles. Reef,which came into the public eye in 2002,is his latest ( )1.What can be the best title for the text? interest.Signed copies of his colorful book,which was pub- A.Love,from Graffiti Writers to Muralists lished just last month,will be on sale after his talk. B.MAP,a New Company in Philadelphia C.Jane,an Excellent Mural Artist )1.The Information Highway D.Hope,One Wall at a Time A.is free from traffic accidents )2.What is the Mural Arts Program in Philadelphia B.is crowded with car drivers aimed at? C.offers just a few on-line services A.Helping the young find jobs. D.appeals to a large number of users B.Protecting the neighborhood. )2.How does Mr.Cool manage to travel the Information C.Fighting against graffiti. Highway so fast? D.Attracting more visitors. A.By storing fewer files. ( )3.How does the MAP decide on the message for a mural? B.By repairing the system. A.By having discussions with people in the communi- C.By buying a better computer. ty. D.By using a broad-band connection. B.By seeking advice from the city government. ( )3.What can be learned from Passage 2? C.By learning from the young graffiti writers. A.There will be a book show at Grayson Hall. D.By studying the history of the city. B.Friedman is now studying the Great Barrier Reef. )4.Which of the following words best describes the work C.There will be a talk on global warming this week. of the MAP? D.Friedman is a leading expert on computer science. A.Difficult. )4.Passage 2 is most probably B.Dangerous. A.a poster about a lecture C.Experimental. B.an ad for a new book D.Successful. ·225· Passage19(2023·课标) Limited? Wanted,Someone for a Kiss A.One with GCSE grade C level. We're looking for producers to join us on the sound of Lon- B.One with some office experience. don Kiss 100 FM.You'll work on the station's music C.One having good computer knowledge. programmes.Music production experience in radio is necessary, D.One trained in producing music programmes. along with rich knowledge of modern dance music.Please apply in Passage20(2023·辽宁) writing to Producer Vacancies,Kiss 100. I got my first driver's license(in 1953 by taking driver Father Christmas education in my first year at Central High School in Charlotte, We're looking for a very special person,preferably over 40, North Carolina.Four years later when it was time to renew my to fill our Father Christmas suit. license I was a married woman.Henry and I were living in Balti- Working days:Every Saturday from November 24 to De- more,Maryland.Two weeks before my 20th birthday,Henry cember 15 and every day from December 17 to December 24 ex- drove me to the motor vehicle office on a hot July afternoon. cept Sundays,10:30~16:00. When I got to the office and showed to the man behind the Excellent pay. counter my North Carolina driver's license,ready to renew,the Please contact (the Enterprise Shopping Centre, man told me that I was under age by Maryland law since I was Station Parade,Eastbourne. not yet 21."Mr Henry Smith,your husband,will have to sign Accountants Assistant for you.”he said.. When you join the team in our Revenue Administration I argued,pointing to a very large belly(肚于)of mine,“I Unit,you will be providing assistance within all parts of the am married.I am having a baby.Why shoud I have to have Revenue Division,dealing with post and other general duties.If someone sign for me to drive?"He answered coldly,"It's the you are educated to GCSE grade C level we would like to talk to law,madam.” you.This position is equally suitable for a school leaver or for Henry encouraged me to calm down,just go ahead and get somebody who has office experience. the license and be done with it."No,"I said.I refused to have Wealden District Council. him sign for me.So I left without a Maryland license. Software Trainer I called the North Carolina Motor Vehicle Office and If you are aged 24~45 and have experience in teaching and renewed my NC license by mail-using my name Susan Brown. training,you could be the person we are looking for.You should And thus it was for the next twelve years.Since Henry was in be good at the computer and have some experience in programme the army I could drive under my home state license.By the time writing.You will be allowed to make your own decisions,and to Henry left the army we were once again living in Maryland,and design courses as well as present them.Pay upwards of 15,000 I had to take the Maryland driver's exam.Since then I just go in for the right person.Please apply by sending your CV()to and renew every four years-sign the name Susan Brown,have Mrs R.Oglivie,Palmlace Limited. my new picture taken,and walk out with a license to drive. ()1.Who should you get in touch with if you hope to work ()1.Susan got her first driver's license in a radio station? A.before she got married to Henry A.Producer Vacancies,Kiss 100, B.when she was twenty years old B.Mrs Oglivie,Palmlace Limited. C.after she finished high school C.The Enterprise Shopping Centre. D.when she just moved to Maryland D.Wealden District Council. ( )2.Susan failed to renew her license the first time in Mary- ( )2.We learn from the ads that the Enterprise Shopping land because Centre needs a person who A.she was forbidden to drive by Maryland law A.is aged between 24 and 40 B.she lacked driving experience in Maryland B.may do some training work C.she was to give birth to a baby soon C.should deal with general duties D.she insisted on signing for herself D.can work for about a month )3.We can infer from the text that in the U.S. )3.Which position is open to recent school graduates? A.American males should serve in the army A.Producer,London Kiss. B.different states may have different laws B.Father Christmas. C.people have to renew their licenses in their home states C.Accountants Assistant. D.women should adopt their husbands'family names D.Software Trainer. after marriage )4.What kind of person would probably apply to Palmlace Passage 21 (2023.) ·226· There was a gardener who looked after his garden with great result is that today there are two "Irelands".Northern Ireland, care.To water his flowers,he used two buckets.One was a shiny in the north,is part of the United Kingdom.The Republic of and new bucket.The other was a very old and dilapidated one,which Ireland,in the south,is an independent country. had seen many years of service,but was now past its best. In the 1840s the main crop,potatoes,was affected by Every morning,the gardener would fill up the two buckets. disease and about 750,000 people died of hunger.This,and a Then he would carry them along the path,one on each side,to the shortage (of work,forced many people to leave Ireland and flowerbeds.The new bucket was very proud of itself.It could carry a live in the USA,the UK,Australia and Canada.As a result of full bucket of water without a single drop spilled ()The old these problems,the population fell from 8.2 million in 1841 to 6. bucket felt very ashamed because of its holes:before it reached the 6 million in 1851. flowerbeds,much water had leaked along the path. For many years,the majority of Irish people earned their Sometimes the new bucket would say,"See how capable I living as farmers.Today,many people still work on the land but am!How good it is that the gardener has me to water the more and more people are moving to the cities to work in flowers every day!I don't know why he still bothers with you. factories and offices.Life in the cities is very different from life What a waste of space you are!" in the countryside,where things move at a quieter and slower And all that the old bucket could say was,"I know I'm not pace. very useful,but I can only do my best.I'm happy that the gar- The Irish are famous for being warm-hearted and friendly. dener still finds a little bit of use in me,at least." Oscar Wilde,a famous Irish writer,once said that the lrish were One day,the gardener heard that kind of conversation. "the greatest talkers since the Greeks".Since independence,Ire- After watering the flowers as usual,he said,"You both have land has revived()its own culture of music,language,liter- done your work very well.Now I am going to carry you back.I ature and singing.Different areas have different styles of old want you to look carefully along the path." Irish songs which are sung without instruments.Other kinds of Then the two buckets did so.All along the path,they no- Irish music use many different instruments such as the violin, ticed,on the side where the new bucket was carried,there was whistles,etc. just bare(光秃秃的)earth;on the other side where the old ()1.What does the author tell us in Paragraph 1? bucket was carried,there was a joyous row of wild flowers, A.How the Irish fought against the English. leading all the way to the garden. B.How Ireland gained independence. ()1.What does the underlined word "dilapidated"probably C.How English rulers tried to conquer Ireland. mean? D.How two“Irelands”came into being. A.Dirty. B.Dark. ( )2.We learn from the text that in Ireland C.Worn-out. D.Plain-looking. A.food shortages in the 1840s led to a decline in popu- ( )2.What was the old bucket ashamed of? lation A.His past. B.His aging. B.people are moving to the cities for lack of work in C.His manner. D.His leaking. the countryside )3.The new bucket made conversations with the old one C.it is harder to make a living as a farmer than as a mainly to factory worker A.laugh at the old one D.different kinds of old Irish songs are all sung B.take pity on the old one with instruments C.show off its beautiful looks ( )3.The last paragraph is mainly about D.praise the gardener's kindness A.the Irish character ( )4.Why was the old bucket still kept by the gardener? B.Irish culture A.Because it was used to keep a balance. C.Irish musical instruments B.Because it stayed in its best condition. D.a famous Irish writer C.Because it was taken as a treasure. ( )4.What can be the best title for the text? D.Because it had its own function. A.Life in Ireland Passage22(2023·安微) B.A Very Difficult History Ireland has had a very difficult history.The problems C.Ireland,Past and Present started in the 16th century when English rulers tried to conquer D.The Independence of Ireland (Ireland.For hundreds of years,the Irish people fought Passage23(2023·辽宁) against the English.Finally,in 1921,the British government The Coalition for the Homeless is an organization that seeks was forced to give independence to the south of Ireland.The to address the needs of the homeless population in the United ·227· States.It is a network of offices,some of which provide food and gestion that she consider a career (in publishing.After houses for the homeless population,and some of which fight for consideration,Jacqueline accepted it.Perhaps she hoped to find the passing of laws that would give every American the right to a there some ideas about how to live her own life.She became not place to call home.According to the Coalition's studies,of over less but more interested in reading.For the last 20 years of her two hundred million people living in the United States,up to life,Jacqueline worked as a publisher's editor,first at Viking, three million are homeless and the number is still growing.Since then at Doubleday,pursuing (a late-life career longer than the late 1970s,fast rising house prices,large cuts in government her two marriages combined.During her time in publishing,she supported housing programs,and economic recession(经济衰退) was responsible for managing and editing more than 100 success- have made it impossible for many Americans to meet housing fully marketed books.Among the first books were In the costs.Sadly,this has resulted in a number of persons being Russian Style and Inventive Paris Clothes.She also succeeded in forced to leave their homes and/or unable to find new affordable persuading TV hosts Bill Moyers and Joseph Campbell to trans- homes.According to another research,families with children ap- form their popular television conversation into a book,The pear to be the fastest-growing part of the homeless population, Power of Myth.The book went on to become an international making up 39%of it.The old idea of a homeless person,that of best-seller.She dealt,too,with Michael Jackson as he prepared the single man who gets drunk all the time,is no longer true.A his autobiography(自传)，Moonwalk. much larger part of the population now finds itself homeless. Jacqueline may have been hired for her name and for her so- Even worse,once a person becomes homeless,he often finds it cial relations,but she soon proved her worth.Her choices,sug- impossible to find a job,since most employers require anyone gestions and widespread social relations were of benefit both to who wants a job from them to provide a home address on a job the publishing firms and to Jacqueline herself.In the books she application. selected for publication,she built on a lifetime of spending time ( )1.The word "address"in the second line probably means by herself as a reader and left a record of the growth of her mind. ” Her books are the autobiography she never wrote.Her role as A.talk about B.deal with First Lady,in the end,was overshadowed by her performance as C.fight for D.write to an editor.However,few knew that she had achieved so much. ( )2.How many people are homeless in the U.S.according ()1.We can learn from the passage that Jacqueline to the Coalition studies? A.became fond of reading after working as an editor A.39%of the population B.was in charge of publishing 100 books B.200 million people. C.promoted her books through social relations C.About 3 million people. D.gained a lot from her career as an editor D.About one-fifth of the population. )2.The underlined sentence in the last paragraph probably ( )3.Homeless people often have difficulty finding a job be- means that cause A.Jacqueline ended up as an editor rather than as A.they have no home addresses First Lady B.they mostly have a drinking problem B.Jacqueline's life as First Lady was more colorful C.they aren't supported by government programs than as an editor D.they often don't have enough work experience C.Jacqueline was more successful as an editor than as )4.What is the main cause of the rising number of the First Lady homeless in the U.S.？ D.Jacqueline's role as First Lady was more brilliant A.The passing of new housing laws. than as an editor B.The fast growth of family size. )3.What can be inferred from the passage? C.The slow construction of houses. A.Jacqueline's two marriages lasted more than 20 D.The ever-rising price of housing. years. Passage24(2023·福建) B.Jacqueline's own publishing firm was set up eventu- Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy Onassis was one of the most ally. private women in the world,yet when she went to work as an C.Jacqueline's views and beliefs were reflected in the editor in the last two decades of her life,she revealed()her- books she edited. self as she did nowhere else. D.Jacqueline's achievements were widely known. After the death of her second husband,Greek shipping ( )4.The passage is mainly magnate()Aristotle Onassis,Jacqueline's close friend and A.an introduction of Jacqueline's life both as First former White House social secretary Letitia Baldrige made a sug- Lady and as an editor ·228· B.a brief description of Jacqueline's lifelong experi- burgh? ences A.Tall people pay more for larger beds. C.a brief account of Jacqueline's career as an editor in B.6'6"beds have taken the place of 6'3"beds. her last 20 years C.Special rooms are kept for Americans D.an analysis of Jacqueline's social relations in pub- D.Guest rooms are standardized. lishing Passage26(2023·辽宁） Passage25(2023·课标) About 21,000 young people in 17 American states do not at- While small may be beautiful,tall is just plain tend classes in school buildings.Instead,they receive their ele- uncomfortable it seems,particularly when it comes to staying in mentary()and high school education by working at home on hotels and eating in restaurants. computers.The Center for Education Reform says the United The Tall Persons Club Great Britain(TPCGB),which was States has 67 public "cyberschools"and that is about twice as formed six months ago to campaign(发起运动)for the needs of many as two years ago. the tall,has turned its attention to hotels and restaurants.Beds The money for students to attend a cyberschool comes from that are too small,shower heads that are too low,and restaurant the governments of the states where they live.Some educators tables with hardly any leg-room all make life difficult for those of say cyberschools receive money that should support traditional above average height,it says. public schools.They also say it is difficult to know if students But it is not just the extra-tall whose needs are not being are learning well. met.The average height of the population has been increasing yet Other educators praise this new form of education for letting the standard size of beds,doorways,and chairs has remained un- students work at their own speed.These people say cyberschools changed. help students who were unhappy or unsuccessful in traditional "The bedding industry says a bed should be six inches larger schools.They say learning at home by computer ends long bus than the person using it,so even a king-size bed at 6'6"(6 feet rides for children who live far from school. and 6 inches)is falling short for 25%of men,while the standard Whatever the judgment of cyberschools,they are getting 6'3”bed caters for(满足需要)less than half of the male popula- more and more popular.For example,a new cyberschool called tion,"said TPCGB president Phil Heinricy,"Seven-foot beds Commonwealth Connections Academy will take in students this would work fine.” fall.It will serve children in the state of Pennsylvania from ages Similarly,restaurant tables can cause no end of problems. five through thirteen. Small tables,which mean the long-legged have to sit a foot or so Children get free equipment for their online education.This away from them,are enough to make tall customers go else- includes a computer,a printer,books and technical services. where. Parents and students talk with teachers by telephone or by send- Some have already taken note,however.At Queens Moat ing emails through their computers when necessary. Houses'Caledonian Hotel in Edinburgh,6'6"beds are now put Students at cyberschools usually do not know one another. in as standard after requests for longer beds from taller visitors, But 56 such students who finished studies at Western Pennsy- particularly Americans. loania Cyber Charter School recently met for the first time.They ()1.What is the purpose of the TPCGB campaign? were guests of honour at their graduation. A.To provide better services. ()1.What do we know from the text about students of a cy- B.To rebuild hotels and restaurants. berschool? C.To draw public attention to the needs of the tall. A.They have to take long bus rides to school. D.To attract more people to become its members. B.They study at home rather than in classrooms. ( )2.Which of the following might be a bed of proper length C.They receive money from traditional public schools. according to Phil Heinricy? D.They do well in traditional school programs. A.72” B.7' )2.What is a problem with cyberschools? C.66". D.6'3” A.Their equipment costs a lot of money. ( )3.What may happen to restaurants with small tables? B.They get little support from the state government. A.They may lose some customers. C.It is hard to know students'progress in learning. B.They may start businesses elsewhere. D.The students find it hard to make friends. C.They have to find easy chairs to match the tables. ( )3.Cyberschools are getting popular because D.They have to provide enough space for the long-leg- A.they are less expensive for students ged. B.their students can work at their own speed )4.What change has already been made in a hotel in Edin- C.their graduates are more successful in society ·229· D.they serve students in a wider age range A.She used her nose to search behind the mirror. ()4.We can infer that the author of the text is B.She recognized her own image in the mirror. A.unprejudiced in his description of cyberschools C.She painted a mark on her own face. B.excited about the future of cyberschools D.She found the hidden camera. C.doubtful about the quality of cyberschools Passage28(2023·全国I) D.disappointed at the development of cyberschools When milk arrived on the doorstep Passage27(2023·全国Ⅱ) When I was a boy growing up in New Jersey in the 1960s, For those who study the development of intelligence() we had a milkman delivering milk to our doorstep.His name was in the animal world,self-awareness is an important Mr.Basille.He wore a white cap and drove a white truck.As a measurement.An animal that is aware()of itself has a high 5-year-old boy,I couldn't take my eyes off the coin changer fixed level of intelligence. to his belt.He noticed this one day during a delivery and gave me Awareness can be tested by studying whether the animal a quarter out of his coin changer. recognizes itself in the mirror,that is,its own reflected image Of course,he delivered more than milk.There was cheese, (反射出的影像).Many animals fail this exercise bitterly,paying eggs and so on.If we needed to change our order,my mother very little attention to the reflected image.Only humans,and would pen a note-"Please add a bottle of buttermilk next deliv- some intelligent animals like apes and dolphins,have been shown ery"-and place it in the box along with the empty bottles.And to recognize that the image in the mirror is of themselves. then,the buttermilk would magically(毫术般)appear, Now another animal has joined the club.In the Proceedings All of this was about more than convenience.There existed of the National Academy of Sciences,researchers report that an a close relationship between families and their milkmen.Mr. Asian elephant has passed the mirror self-reflection test. Basille even had a key to our house,for those times when it was "We thought that elephants were the next important so cold outside that we put the box indoors,so that the milk animal,"said Diana Reiss of the Wildlife Conservation Society, wouldn't freeze.And I remember Mr.Basille from time to time an author of the study with Joshua M.Plotnik and Fans B.M.de taking a break at our kitchen table,having a cup of tea and Waal of Emory University.With their large brains,Reiss said, telling stories about his delivery. "elephants seemed like cousins to apes and dolphins." There is sadly no home milk delivery today.Big companies al- The researchers tested Happy,Maxine and Patty,three ele- lowed the production of cheaper milk,thus making it difficult for phants at the Bronx Zoo.They put an 8-foot-square mirror on a milkmen to compete().Besides,milk is for sale everywhere, wall of the animals'play area(out of the sight of zoo visitors) and it may just not have been practical to have a delivery service. and recorded what happened with cameras,including one built in Recently,an old milk box in the countryside I saw brought the mirror. back my childhood memories.I took it home and planted it on The elephants used their long noses to find what was behind the back porch().Every so often my son's friends will ask it,and to examine parts of their bodies. what it is.So I start telling stories of my boyhood,and of the Of the three,Happy then passed the test,in which a clear milkman who brought us friendship along with his milk. mark was painted on one side of her face.She could tell the mark ( )1.Mr.Basille gave the boy a quarter out of his coin was there by looking in the mirror,and she used the mirror to changer touch the mark with her long nose. A.to show his magical power Diana Reiss said,"We knew elephants were intelligent,but B.to pay for the delivery now we can talk about their intelligence in a better way." C.to satisfy his curiosity ()1.What can mirror tests tell us about animals? D.to please his mother A.Whether they have large brains. )2.What can be inferred from the fact that the milkman B.Whether they have self-awareness. had the key to the boy's house? C.Whether they enjoy outdoor exercises. A.He wanted to have tea there. D.Whether they enjoy playing with mirrors. B.He was a respectable person. ()2.Why does the author mention apes and dolphins in the C.He was treated as a family member. text? D.He was fully trusted by the family. A.They are most familiar to readers. ( )3.Why does home milk delivery no longer exist? B.They are big favorites with zoo visitors. A.Nobody wants to be a milkman now C.They are included in the study by Reiss. B.It has been driven out of the market. D.They are already known to be intelligent. C.Its service is getting poor. )3.What made Happy different from Maxine and Patty? D.It is forbidden by law. ·230· ()4.Why did the author bring back home an old milk box? A.He missed the good old days. A.allows article submissions within six weeks B.He wanted to tell interesting stories. B.favors science articles within 2,000 words C.He needed it for his milk bottles. C.has a huge demand for humorous works D.He planted flowers in it. D.prefers nonfiction to fiction articles Passage29(2023·北京) Passage30(2023·陕西) Submission Guidelines In early autumn I applied for admission to college.I wanted Before sending us a manuscript(稿件)，look through recent to go nowhere but to Cornell University,but my mother fought issues()of the Post to get an idea of the range and style of arti- strongly against it.When she saw me studying a photograph of cles we publish.You will discover that our focus has broadened to in- my father on the sports ground of Cornell,she tore it up. clude well-researched,timely and informative articles on finance, "You can't say it's not a great university,just because Papa home improvement,travel,humor,and many other fields. went there.” The Post's goal is to remain unique,with content that pro- "That's not it at all.And it is a top university."She was still vides additional understandings on the ever-evolving American holding the pieces in her hand."But we can't afford to send you scene. to college,” In addition to feature-length(专题长度的)articles,the Post "I wouldn't dream of asking you for money.Do you want me buys anecdotes,cartoons,and photos.Payment ranges from to get a job to help support you and Papa?Things aren't that $25to$400. bad,are they?” Our nonfiction needs include how-to,useful articles on gar- “No,”she said.“Idon't expect you to help support us.” dening,pet care and training,financial planning,and subjects of Father borrowed money from his rich cousins to start a interest to a 45-plus,home-loving readership.For nonfiction ar- small jewellery shop.His chief customers were his old college ticles,indicate any special qualifications you have for writing friends.To get new customers,my mother had to help.She about the subject,especially scientific material.Include one or picked up a long-forgotten membership in the local league of two published pieces with your article.We prefer typed articles women,so that she could get to know more people.Whether between 1,000 and 2,000 words in length.We encourage you to those people would turn into customers was another question.I send both printed and online versions. knew that my parents had to wait for quite a long time before We also welcome new fiction.A light,humorous touch is their small investment()could show returns.What's more, appreciated.We are always in need of straight humor articles. they had not wanted enough to be rich and successful;otherwise Make us laugh,and we'll buy it. they could not possibly have managed their lives so badly. Feature articles average about 1,000 to 2,000 words.We I was torn between the desire to help them and change their like positive,fresh angles to Post articles,and we ask that they lives,and the determination not to repeat their mistakes.I had a be thoroughly researched. strong belief in my power to get what I wanted.After months of We normally respond to article submissions within six hard study】won a full college scholarship(奖学金）.My father weeks.You are free to submit the article elsewhere at the same could hardly contain his pride in me,and my mother eventually time, gave in before my success. Please submit all articles to Features Editor.The Saturday ()1.The author was not allowed to go to Cornell University Evening Past,1100 Waterway Boulevard.Indianapolis.IN mainly because 46202,(317)634-1100. A.his father graduated from the university ( )1.Before sending a manuscript to the Post,a contributor B.his mother did not think it a great university is advised to C.his parents needed him to help support the family A.get a better understanding of American issues D.his parents did not have enough money for him B.find out the range of the articles in the Post )2.The father started his small shop with the money from C.increase his knowledge in many fields D.broaden his research focus A.a local league )2.To submit nonfiction articles,a contributor must B.his university A.provide his special qualifications C.his relatives B.be a regular reader of the Post D.his college friends C.produce printed versions )3.Why did the mother renew her membership in the D.be over 45 years old league？ )3.From the passage we can learn that the Post A.To help with her husband's business. ·231· B.To raise money for her son. D.Yeats was not favored by the public until the 1923 C.To meet her long-forgotten friends Noble Prize D.To better manage her life. )3.What kind of feeling is expressed in W.H.Auden's )4.According to the text,what was the author determined lines? to do in that autumn? A.Envy. A.To get a well-paid job for himself. B.Sympathy. B.To improve relations with his mother. C.Emptiness. C.To go to his dream university. D.Admiration. D.To carry on with his father's business. ( )4.What is the passage mainly about? Passage31(2023·重庆) A.Yeats's literary achievements. William Butler Yeats,a most famous Irish writer,was born B.Yeats's historical influence. in Dublin on June 13,1865.His childhood lacked the harmony C.Yeats's artistic ambition. (that was typical of a happy family.Later,Yeats shocked D.Yeats's national honor. his family by saying that he remembered"little of childhood but its Passage32(2023·安徽) pain”,In fact,he inherited(继承)excellent taste in art from his George Prochnik would like the world to put a sock in it.He family-both his father and his brother were painters.But he finally makes his case in a new book,Listening for Meaning in a settled on literature,particularly drama()and poetry. World of Noise.Here he explains himself (using his indoor Yeats had strong faith in coming of new artistic movements. voice): He set himself the fresh task in founding an Irish national theatre "We've become so accustomed to noise,there's almost a in the late 1890s.His early theatrical experiments,however, deep prejudice against the idea that silence might be beneficial.If were not received favorably at the beginning.He didn't lose you tell someone to be quiet,you sound like an old man.But it's heart,and finally enjoyed success in his poetical drama. never been more important to find continuing quiet.Silence focu- Compared with his dramatic works,Yeats's poems attract ses us,improves our health,and is a key to lasting peace and much admiring notice.The subject matter includes love,nature, satisfaction.” history,time and aging.Though Yeats generally relied on very "We need to excite people about the sounds you start to hear traditional forms,he brought modern sensibility to them.As his if you merely quiet things down a little.During a Japanese tea literary life progressed,his poetry grew finer and richer,which ceremony,the smallest sounds become a kind of art-the spoons led him to world wide recognition. making a light ringing sound on a bowl,the edges of a kimono He had not enjoyed a major public life since winning the No- (和眼)brushing against the floor.” bel Prize in 1923.Yet,he continued writing almost to the end of “Deaf people are very attentive(专注的)in almost every as his life.Had Yeats stopped writing at age 40,he would probably pect of life.If two deaf people are walking together,using sign now be valued as a minor poet,for there is no other example in language,they constantly watch out for each other and protect literary history of a poet who produces his greatest works each other by paying steady attention to the other.They are con- between the ages of 50 and 75.After Yeats's death in 1939,W. nected yet also fully aware of their surroundings.Even deaf teen H Auden wrote,among others,the following lines: agers!We in the hearing world can learn from them.If we re- Earth,receive an honored guest: move the powerful blasts(一阵阵)of noise,we become aware of William Yeats is laid to rest. an extraordinarily rich world around us-of little soft sounds and Let the Irish vessel()lie the sound of footsteps,of bird songs and ice cracking(开裂声). Emptied of its poetry. It's astonishing how beautiful things sound when you can really )1.Which of the following can describe Yeats's family? listen.” A.It filled Yeats's childhood with laughter. ( )1.What does the phrase "to put a sock in it"in Paragraph B.It was shocked by Yeats's choice. 1 probably mean? C.It was a typically wealthy family. A.To be quiet. D.It had an artistic atmosphere. B.To be colorful. ( )2.According to the passage,what do we know about C.To be full of love. Yeats's life? D.To be attentive to someone. A.Yeats founded the first Irish theater. ( )2.What does Prochnik say about us? B.Yeats stuck to modern forms in his poetry. A.We are used to quietness. C.Yeats began to produce his best works from the B.We have to put up with noise. 1910s. C.We do not think silence to be beneficial. ·232· D.We do not believe lasting peace to be available. D.The family fell apart. ()3.Which of the following is true according to Prochnik? ( )2.How did the Jacobses manage to solve their problem? A.We need more sounds in our lives. A.They asked their kids to come home. B.There is nothing to be learned from the deaf. B.They borrowed $20,000 from the schools. C.We are not aware how rich the world around us is. C.They encouraged their twin sons to do part-time D.There is too much noise at a Japanese tea ceremony. jobs. ( )4.It can be inferred from the text that D.They got help from the schools and the federal gov- A.we can benefit a lot from old people ernment. B.it is a good idea to use sign language ( )3.Financial aid administrators believe that C.there is no escape from the world of sound A.more families will face the same problem as the Ja- D.it is possible to find how beautiful things sound cobses Passage33(2023·山东) B.the government will receive more letters of com- Diana Jacobs thought her family had a workable plan to pay plaint for college for her 21-year-old twin sons:a combination of sav- C.college tuition fees will double soon ings,income,scholarships,and a modest amount of borrowing. D.America's unemployment will fall Then her husband lost his job,and the plan fell apart. ( )4.What can we learn about the middle class families from "I have two kids in college,and I want to say come the text? home',but at the same time I want to provide them with a good A.They blamed the government for the tuition increase. education."says Jacobs. B.Their income remained steady in the last decade. The Jacobs family did work out a solution:They asked and C.They will try their best to send kids to college. received more aid from the schools,and each son increased his D.Their debts will be paid off within 25 years. borrowing to the maximum amount through the federal loan )5.According to the last paragraph,the government will program.They will each graduate with $20,000 of debt, but at least they will be able to finish school. A.provide most students will scholarships With unemployment rising,financial aid administrators ex- B.dismiss some financial aid administrators pect to hear from more families like the Jacobses.More students C.stop the companies from making student loans are applying for aid,and more families expect to need student D.go on providing financial support for college students loans.College administrators are concerned that they will not Passage34(2023·安徽) have enough aid money to go around. They are the sort of friends who are so close they trust each other At the same time,tuition(continues to rise.A report with their lives.If one falls,the other is there to catch him. from the National Center for Public Policy and Higher Education They are Wellman,whose legs were permanently injured found that college tuition and fees increased 439%from 1982 to nine years ago in a rock-climbing accident,and Corbett,an expe- 2007,while average family income rose just 147%.Student bor- rienced rock climber.Together,they climbed up Half Dome,the rowing has more than doubled in the last decade. famous 2,000-foot rock in the Yosemite National Park,through "If we go on this way for another 25 years,we won't have one of the most difficult routes(路线). an affordable system of higher education,"says Patrick M.Cal- During the climb,Corbett took the lead,hit in the metal lan,president of the center."The middle class families have been spikes(尖状物)that guided the ropes and climbed up,.Then, financing it through debt.They will send kids to college whatever after Wellman pulled himself up the rope,Corbett went down to it takes,even if that means a huge amount of debt." remove the spikes and climbed up again.This process was Financial aid administrators have been having a hard time as repeated time and again,inch by inch,for 13 days. many companies decide that student loans are not profitable Wellman's job was not easy,either.He got himself up the enough and have stopped making them.The good news, rope through upper body strength alone.In all,Wellman figured however,is that federal loans account for about three quarters of that he had done 5,000 pull-ups up the rope on the climb. student borrowing,and the government says that money will However,when the two men first met,they never talked flow uninterrupted. about climbing."He knew that was how I got injured."Wellman ()1.According to Paragraph 1,why did the plan of the Ja- said.Until one day Wellman decided that he wanted to climb cobs family fail? again and they started training. A.The twins wasted too much money. Their climb of Half Dome was not all smooth.At one point, B.The father was out of work. pieces of rock gave way,and Corbett dropped down quickly. C.Their savings ran out. Wellman locked their rope in place,stopping the fall at 20 feet. ·233· His quick action probably saved his friend's life. their own to existing maps to express a certain topic.The mashups is "Your partner can save your life-you can save your so called because it combines all the knowledge you could ever need. partner's life,"Wellman said as the pair received congratulations It ranges from the extremely useful,such as where all the World from friends..“there are real close ties,.” Heritage Sites are,to the most bizarre(古怪的)，such as where ()1.Which of the following was a challenge for Corbett in America's drunkest cities are.With the mashups added to the basic climbing Half Dome? Google Maps,a multi-layered(多层的)map can be created. A.To climb up to remove the spikes. ( )1.According to the passage,which of the following is a B.To climb it twice. characteristic of Green Maps? C.To do 5,000 pull-ups up the rope. A.Aiming at environmental protection. D.To lock the rope in place. B.Introducing local attractions with icons. ()2.Why did the two men never talk about climbing when C.Offering advice to independent travelers. they first met？ D.Collecting icons worldwide for local maps. A.Corbett was poorly trained. )2.Which of the following icons is most probably NOT B.Wellman had lost interest in climbing. used in Green Maps? C.Corbett didn't want to hurt Wellman. B D.Wellman hadn't decided whether to climb again. ( )3.What do we know about Wellman? A.He climbed Half Dome by himself. B.He was disabled in a traffic accident. C.He stopped rock-climbing for some time. D.He was saved by Corbett during the climb. ()4.The main idea of the text is that A.two heads are better than one B.friendship is precious in life )3.“Map Mashups”is named with the word“mashups"be C.the disabled should never give up cause D.a man can be destroyed but cannot be defeated A.it is produced by users all over the world Passage35(2023·重庆) B.it gathers various kinds of information Mapping Your World C.it shares icons with Green Maps Different forms of maps are appearing.They allow inde- D.it is a branch of Google Maps pendent travelers to get local knowledge of places they are visit- ( )4.What do Green Maps and Map Mashups have in com- ing,from the official to the unusual.Meanwhile,hi-tech devel- mon? opments are creating new ways for us to map the world.Here A.They are created by local people. are two of our favorites: B.They are environmentally friendly. Green Maps C.Users can edit maps on the Internet. Green Maps allows people to share with the world their D.Users need to communicate with producers. knowledge of environmentally friendly places and attractions in Passage36(2023·陕西) the local areas..Users add information with a set of icons(图标)， Ever since they were first put on the market in the early making it easy to read any map,whatever the nationalities of l990s,genetically mondified(GM,转基因)foods have been in those who produce it.At present there are over five hundred map creasingly developed and marketed in many countries in the projects being developed in 54 countries.Green Maps'advertised world,mainly on the basis of their promise to end the worldwide idea is "think global,map local".It is a wonderful way of food crisis.But can GM technology solve world hunger gaining all sorts of imformation of a place,ranging from commu- problems?Even if it would,is it the best solution? nity gardens to good places of birdwatching. Despite what it promises,GM technology actually has not Green Maps is not specifically intended for travelers.Not all increased the production potential()of any crop.In fact, of its maps are online,so it may be necessary for some users to studies show that the most widely grown GM crop,GM soy- communicate with producers through the Green Maps website. beans,has suffered reduced productivity.For instance,a report Map Mashups that analysed nearly two decades of research on major GM food Many people use online maps developed by Google,but not crops shows that GM engineering has failed to significantly in- many know about the mashups of them.Working in a similar crease US crop production. way to Green Maps,Map Mashups allows people to add icons of Something else,however,has been on the rise.While GM ·234· seeds are expensive,GM companies tell farmers that they will stood looking at him as she gave a detailed history."Has he lost make good profits by saving money on pesticides(杀虫剂).On any weight recently?"I asked,"Well,it's funny you should the contrary,US government data show that GM crops in the mention that,but yes."she said slowly.There was silence for a US have produced an overall increase in pesticide use compared few moments."Why?What are you worried about?"she asked.I to traditional crops."The promise was that you could use less hesitated.She was obviously very involved in his care and it was chemicals and boost production.But neither is true."said Bill only fair that I told her the truth."Well,we need to prove it's Christison,President of the US National Family Farm Coalition. not cancer."I said and talked briefly about some of the tests I At the same time,the authors of the book World Hunger: was going to order. Twelve Myths argue that there actually is more than enough Half an hour later,a nurse called me:"Mr.McMahon's food in the world and that the hunger crisis is not caused by pro- daughter broke down-she said you told her he had cancer."My duction,but by problems in food distribution and politics.These heart sank.By the time I arrived at the ward,my consultant was indeed deserve our efforts and money.Meanwhile,the rise in already there,explaining that we still had to run lots of tests and food prices results from the increased use of crops for fuel rather that it was by no means confirmed that he had cancer.I stood si- than food,according to a 2008 World Bank report. lently at the end of the bed.My consultant was obviously angry As a matter of fact,scientists see better ways to feed the with me and as we left Mr.MeMahon,she turned to me."Why world.Another World Bank report concluded that GM crops on earth did you do that?"she asked in disbelief.I looked at her have little to offer to the challenges of worldwide poverty and and bit my lip."She asked me what I was worried about and I hunger,because better ways out are available,among which told her."I said,hanging my head."And give her more to worry "green"farming is supposed to be the first choice. about'?”replied my consultant..“You don't say the word‘cancer' ()1.The author develops the second paragraph mainly until it's confirmed.Even if you suspect it,think very carefully before you tell people." A.by classification B.by comparison As it turned out,it wasn't cancer.But I did learn that when C.by example D.by process someone is stressed and worried about their loved one they're )2.What does the underlined word "boost"in the third sometimes selective in what they hear-and as a doctor it's im- paragraph probably mean? portant to be mindful of this.In being truthful,I'd made the sit- A.Control. B.Evaluate uation worse. C.Obtain D.Increase. ()1.The purpose of the first two paragraphs is to show that )3.GM companies promise farmers that they will benefit the author from A.misunderstood the doctor-patient relationship A.practicing“green'”farming B.was anxious to receive Christmas gifts B.use of less chemicals C.regarded honesty as the best policy C.fair distribution of their crops D.had an unhealthy eating habit D.using more crops for fuel ( )2.The author's consultant was angry with him because ( )4.Which of the following best describes the attitude of the author towards GM technology? A.he told the daughter what he suspected A.Optimistic. B.Defensive B.he delayed running the necessary tests C.Disapproving. D.Casual. C.he failed to confirm the patient's disease Passage37(2023·湖北) D.he forgot what the consultant had advised Honesty,my mum always used to tell me,is the best ( )3.The author hung his head(the underlined part in Para. policy.Of course,this didn't include her when she told me that if 4)because he was feeling I didn't eat all my vegetables Father Christmas would find out A.guilty B.hurt and wouldn't give me any presents. C.disappointed D.helpless But when it comes to medicine,I had assumed it was im- ( )4.What lesson has the author learnt from his experience? portant to always be honest with my patients.After all,the doc- A.Learning from parents is necessary. tor-patient relationship is based on trust,and therefore honesty B.Jumping to a conclusion is dangerous. is essential.Or so I thought. C.Telling the truth may not always be the best solu- I had just started working in geriatrics(老年病科).Mr. tion. McMahon was brought in when his belly was found very swollen. D.Selecting pleasant words may not be the perfect pol- I took a medical history from his daughter who'd accompanied icy. him in the ambulance.She'd been his main career for years.I Passage38(2023·陕西) ·235· Most people know that Marie Curie was the first woman to Passage39(2023·四川) win the Nobel Prize,and the first person to win it twice.Howev- It's 5:00 in the morning when the alarm (rings in my er,few people know that she was also the mother of a Nobel ears.I roll out of bed and walk blindly through the dark into the Prize winner. bathroom.I turn on the light and put on my glasses.The house Born in September,1897,Irene Curie was the first of the is still as I walk downstairs while my husband and three kids Curies'two daughters.Along with nine other children whose sleep peacefully.Usually I go for a long run,but today I choose parents were also famous scholars,Irene studied in their own my favorite exercise DVD,Insanity.Sweat pours down my face school,and her mother was one of the teachers.She finished her and into my eyes.My heart races as I force my body to finish high school education at the College of Sevigne in Paris. each movement.As I near the end of the exercise,I feel Irene entered the University of Paris in 1914 to prepare for a extremely tired,but a smile is on my face.It's not a smile be- degree in mathematics and physics.When World War I began, cause the DVD is over,but a smile of success from pushing my Irene went to help her mother,who was using X-ray facilities( body to its extreme limit. to help save the lives of wounded soldiers.Irene continued the Some people enjoy shopping,smoking,food,work,or even work by developing X-ray facilities in military hospitals in France chocolate.But I need exercise to get through each day.Some and Belgium.Her services were recognised in the form of a Mili- shake heads when they see me run through the town.Others get tary Medal by the French government. hurt when I refuse to try just one bite of their grandmother's In 1918,Irene became her mother's assistant at the Curie chocolate cake.They raise their eyebrows,surprised by my "no Institute.In December 1924,Frederic Joliot joined the Institute, thank you",or by my choice to have a salad.Over the years,I and Irene taugh him the techniques required for his work.They have learned it's okay to just say "no".I shouldn't feel sorry for soon fell in love and were married in 1926.Their daughter Helen refusing food that I don't want to eat. was born in 1927 and their son Pierre five years later. So what drives me to roll out of bed at 5:00 a.m.What Like her mother,Irene combined family and career.Like gives me the reason to just say no to ice cream?Commitment.A her mother,Irene was awarded a Nobel Prize,along with her commitment to change my life with a way that reduces daily anxiety, husband,in 1935.Unfortunately,also like her mother,she de- increases self-confidence and energy extends life and above all veloped leukemia because of her work with radioactivity improves my body shape.This is the point where a smile appears on )Irene Joliot Curie died from leukemia on March 17,1956. my face as I look at myself in the mirror or try on my favorite pair of ()1.Why was Irene Curie awarded a Military Medal? jeans that now fit just right.It's through commitment and sweat that A.Because she received a degree in mathematics. I can make a difference within myself inside and out. B.Because she contributed to saving the wounded. ()1.Why is there a smile on the author's face in the morn- C.Because she won the Nobel Prize with Frederic. ing? D.Because she worked as a helper to her mother. A.Because she sees her family sleeping peacefully )2.Where did Irene Curie meet her husband Frederio Joliot? B.Because she finishes her favorite exercise. A.At the Curie Institute. C.Because she enjoys the interesting DVD. B.At the University of Paris. D.Because she feels a sense of achievement. C.At a military hospital. ( )2.Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 2? D.At the College of Sevigne. A.She doesn't treat others politely. ( )3.When was the second child of Irene Curie and Frederic B.She likes to make others surprised. Joliot born? C.Others don't understand what she does. A.In1932. D.Others try to help her by offering her food. B.ln1927. ( )3.What does the underlined word "commitment"in the C.In1897, last paragraph mean? D.1n1926. A.Good health. ( )4.In which of the following aspects was Irene Cuire dif- B.Firm belief. ferent from her mother? C.A strong power. A.Irene worked with radioactivity. D.A regular habit. B.Irene com bined family and career. ( )4.What can we learn about the author from the text? C.Irene won the Nobel Prize once. A.She acts in a strange way D.Irene died from leukemia. B.She wants to look different from others. C.She aims to develop a good body shape D.She has difficulty getting along with others. ·236· Passage40(2023·陕西) C.08444996699 D.01612456609 PALACE )2.How can you pay for a ticket when you book by post? THEATRE A.By visiting the website of a post office. OPERA B.By going to your local bank in person. HOUSE C.By enclosing your Live Card in an envelope. MANCHESTER D.By providing your credit card information. HOW TO BOOK )3.What benefit can group bookers enjoy according to the 两 By phone: text? Call Ticketmaster 24 hr Booking Line on 0844 A.Delayed payment for tickets. 8472484 B.Invitations to opening nights. 级Online: C.Reduced booking fees by phone. www.Palaceand Opera House.org.uk or www. D.Generous discounts on tickets. ticketmaster,co.uk Passage41(2023·重庆) 置In Person: Getting rid of dirt,in the opinion of most people,is a good thing.However,there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt. The Palace Theatre Ticket Centre,Oxford Street, In the early 16th century,people thought that dirt on the Manchester,Ml 6FT(Mon~Sat 10am~8pm) skin was a means to block out disease,as medical opinion had it ☑By Post: that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and Stating the performance and choice of seats,enclosing let ills in.A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. (a cheque,postal order,or your credit card details By 1538,the French king had closed the bath houses in his king- to The Palace Theatre Ticket Centre,Oxford Street,Man- dom.So did the king of England in 1546.Thus began a long time chester,MI 6FT.Please enclose a stamped addressed en- when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly velope. way.Henry IV,King of France,was famously dirty.Upon LIVECAR中 Save pounds on tickets NOW! learning that a nobleman had taken a bath,the king ordered that,to avoid the attack of disease,the nobleman should not Join Live Nation's Card for just f30 a year and enjoy go out. a whole range of discounts and benefits.You'll save money Though the belief in the merit of dirt was long-lived,dirt from the first time you use your Live Card-not just on has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the tickets,but on programmes and reduced booking fees.Live 18th century.Scientifically speaking,cleaning away dirt is good Card mem bers often join the audience on opening nights or to health.Clean water supply and hand washing are practical enjoy generous discounts throughout the run of a show. means of preventing disease.Yet,it seems that standards of Call 0844 499 6699 to join Live Card today. cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War II.Ad- Live nerion GROUP每1o: Get it Together! vertisements repeatedly sell the idea:clothes need to be whiter By getting together as a group of 10 or more you can than white,cloths ever softer,surfaces to shine.Has the hate save money on tickets for your favourite shows. for dirt,however,gone too far? Group bookers benefit from a direct free telephone Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays.Many first- booking line,and don't pay booking fees.Invitations to time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching parties and book-now-pay-later programmes are all part of dirt,which might be responsible for the spread of disease.On our great service to group bookers.Join the hundreds of the contrary,Mary Ruebush,an American immunologist( people already taking advantage of our group booking. 学家)，encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong Call 0800 587 5007 to talk to one of our group booking immune system.And the latter position is gaining some ground. assistants about your group visit to the Palace Theatre or )1.The kings of France and England in the 16th century Opera House. closed bath houses because For further information please call 0161 245 6609. A.they lived healthily in a dirty environment B.they thought bath houses were too dirty to stay in )1.If you want to join Live Card to save money on tickets, C.they believed disease could be spread in public baths you can call D.they considered bathing as the cause of skin disease A.08448472484 )2.Which of the following best describes Henry IV's atti- B.08005875007 tude to bathing? ·237· A.Afraid. B.Curious. refers to“ C.Approving. D.Uninterested. A.alcohol B.absorption ( )3.How does the passage mainly develop? C.blood D.process A.By providing examples. )3.Which of the following is TRUE according to the pas- B.By making comparisons. sage? C.By following the order of time. A.Drinking below the drink driving limit has no effect D.By following the order of importance. on driving. )4.What is the author's purpose in writing the passage? B.Alcohol is taken in more quickly when drunk with A.To stress the role of dirt. fruit juice. B.To introduce the history of dirt. C.Having a cup of tea helps to get rid of alcohol from C.To call attention to the danger of dirt. the body. D.To present the change of views on dirt. D.50 milligrams of alcohol per 100ml of breath is Passage42(2023·福建) below the drink limit. Driving a car is not just handling controls and judging speed )4.A driver suspected of drink driving and distance.It requires you to predict what other road users will A.should provide specimens for testing do and get ready to react to something unexpected.When alcohol B.be forbidden to drive for 3 years is consumed,it enters your bloodstream and acts as a depressant C.will be punished for 10 driving-offence points (抑制药)，damaging eyesight,judgment and co-ordination(协 D.should pay a maximum fine of HK$25,000 )slowing down reaction time and greatly increasing the risk of Passage43(2023·四川) accidents.Even below the drink driving limit,driving will be af- Exploit your parking space fected. An unused parking space or garage can make money.If you Alcohol may take a few minutes to be absorbed into the live near a city center or an airport,you could make anything up bloodstream and start action on the brain.Absorption rate is in- to￡200or￡300 a week.Put an advertisement(广告)for free creased when drinking on an empty stomach or when consuming on Letpark or Atmyhousepark. drinks mixed with fruit juice.To get rid of alcohol from the body is a Rent(出租)a room very slow process and it is not possible to speed it up with any meas- Spare room？Not only will a lodger(房客)earn you an income, ures like taking a shower or having a cup of tea or coffee. but also,thanks to the government-backed "rent a room"program, The present Road Traffic Ordinance states clearly that the you won't have to pay any tax on the first e4,500 you make per limit of alcohol concentration is: year.Try advertising your room on Roomspare or Roommateeasy. 50 milligrams of alcohol per 100ml of blood;or Make money during special events 22 micrograms of alcohol per 100ml of breath;or Don't want a full-time lodger?Then rent on a short-term ●67 milligrams of alcohol per 100 ml of urine(尿液). basis.If you live in the capital,renting a room out during the Drivers who cause traffic accidents,or who commit a Olympics or other big events could bring in money,Grashpadder moving traffic offence or are being suspected of drink driving will can advertise your space. be tested. Live on set Any driver found drinking beyond the limit will be charged. Renting your home out as a "film set"could earn you The driver declared guilty may be fined a maximum of HK $25, hundreds of pounds a day,depending on the film production 000 and be sentenced to up to 3 years in prison and punished for company and how long your home is needed.A quick search on 10 driving-offence points;or temporarily banned from driving. the Internet will bring up dozens of online companies that allow The same punishment applies to failing to provide specimens you to register your home for free-but you will be charged if (for breath,blood or urine tests without good excuse. your home gets picked. Drink driving is a criminal offence.Be a responsible driver, Use your roof think before you drink.For the safety of yourself and other road You need the right kind of roof,but some energy companies users,never drive after consuming alcohol. pay the cost of fixing solar equipment(around 14,000)and let ()1.The first paragraph is mainly about you use the energy produced for nothing.In return,they get paid A.the introductions of driving skills for unused energy fed back into the National Grid.However,you B.the damage of drinking to your body have to sign a 25-year agreement with the supplier,which could C.the effect of drinking on driving prevent you from changing the roof. D.the process of alcohol being absorbed ()1.If you earn f5,000 from renting a room in one year, )2.The underlined word "it"in the second paragraph the tax you need to pay will be based on ·238· A.￡300 B.￡500 everyone in the class applauded for me. C.￡4,500 D.￡5,000 ()1.What was the teacher's requirement for the poster? ( )2.Where can you put an advertisement to rent out a room A.It must appear in time. during a big event? B.It must be done in class. A.On Letpark. C.It must be done on a construction sheet. B.On Roomspare. D.It must include the words on the blackboard. C.On Grashpadder. ( )2.The underlined phrase in Paragraph 3 most probably D.On Roommateeasy. means ( )3.If you want to use energy free,you have to A.formed an idea for A.sign an agreement with the government B.made an outline for B.pay around 14,000 for the equipment C.made some space for C.sell the roof to some energy companies D.chose some colors for D.keep the roof unchanged for within 25 years C )3.After the teacher's words,all the students in the class )4.For whom is the text most probably written? A.Lodgers. B.Advertisers. A.looked very serious C.House owners. D.Online companies. B.thought they would be rich Passage44(2021·广东) C.began to think about their designs We once had a poster competition in our fifth grade art class. D.began to play games "You could win prizes,"our teacher told us as she wrote the ( )4.After seeing the good students'designs,some students poster information on the blackboard.She passed out sheets of construction paper while continuing,"The first prize is ten A.loved their own designs more dollars.You just have to make sure that the words on the black- B.thought they had a fair chance board appear somewhere on your poster." C.put their own designs in a corner We studied the board critically.Some of us looked with one D.thought they would not win the prize eye and held up certain colors against the blackboard,rocking ( )5.We can infer from the passage that the author the sheets to the right or left while we conjured up our designs. A.enjoyed grown-up tricks very much Others twisted their hair around their fingers or chewed their B.loved poster competitions very much erasers while deep in thought.We had plans for that ten-dollar C.felt surprised to win the competition grand prize,each and every one of us.I'm going to spend mine D.became wise and rich after the competition on candies,one hopeful would announce,while another practiced Passage45(2021·辽宁) looking serious,wise and rich. What is eBay?The simple answer is that it is a global Everyone in the class made a poster.Some of us used parts trading platform where nearly anyone can trade practically any- of those fancy paper napkins,while others used nothing but col- thing.People can sell and buy all kinds of products and goods,inclu- ored construction paper.Some of us used big designs,and some ding cars,movies and DVDs,sporting goods,travel tickets,musical of us preferred to gather our art tidily down in one corner of our instruments,clothes and shoes-the list goes on and on. poster and let the space draw the viewer's attention to it.Some of The idea came from Peter Omidyar,who was born in Paris us would wander past the good students'desks and then return and moved to Washington when he was still a child.At high to our own projects with a growing sense of hopelessness.It was school,be became very interested in computer programming and yet another grown-up trick of the sort they seemed especially after graduating from Tuft University in 1988,he worked for the fond of,making all of us believe we had a fair chance,and then next few years as a computer engineer.In his free time he started always-always-rewarding the same old winners. eBay as a kind of hobby,at first offering the service free by word I believe I drew a sailboat,but I can't say that with any cer- of mouth.By 1996 there was so much traffic on the website that tainty.I made it.I admired it.I determined it to be the very best he had to upgrade (and he began charging a fee to mem- of all of the posters I had seen,and then I turned it in. bers.Joined by a friend,Peter Skoll,and in 1998 by his capable Minutes passed. CEO,Meg Whitman he has never looked back.Even in the No one came along to give me the grand prize,and then great.com crashes of the late 1990s,eBay has gone from someone distracted me,and I probably never would have thought strength to strength.It is now one of the ten most visited online about that poster again. shopping websites on the Internet. I was still sitting at my desk,thinking,What poster?when eBay sells connections,not goods,putting buyer and seller the teacher gave me an envelope with a ten-dollar bill in it and into contact with each other.All you have to do is take an e-pho- ·239· to,write a description,fill out a sales form and you are in busi- parison,26%of high school students smoke in Kentucky.Other ness;the world is your market place.Of course for each item low-tax states have similarly depressing teen-smoking records. (sold eBay gets a percentage and that it is a great deal of Hal Rogers,Representative from Kentucky,like those who money.Every day there are more than sixteen million items are against high tobacco taxes,argues that the burden of the tax listed on eBay and eighty percent of the items are sold. falls on low-income Americans "who choose to smoke". ()1.We learn from the text that eBay provides people with That's true.But there is more reason in keeping future gen- erations of low-income workers from getting hooked in the first A.a way of buying and selling goods place.As for today's adults,if the new tax drives them to quit, B.a website for them to upgrade they will have more to spend on their families,cut their risk of C.a place to exhibit their own photos cancer and heart disease and feel better. D.a chance to buy things at low prices ()1.The text is mainly about )2.Why did Peter create eBay after graduating from uni- A.the price of cigarettes versity? B.the rate of teen smoking A.For fun. C.the effect of tobacco tax increase B.To make money. D.the differences in tobacco tax rate C.For gathering the engineers. ( )2.What does the author think is a surprise? D.To fulfill a task of his company. A.Teen smokers are price sensitive. ( )3.From "he has never looked back"in Paragraph 2,we B.Some states still keep the tobacco tax low. learn that peter C.Tobacco taxes improve public health. A.did not feel lonely D.Tobacco industry fiercely fights the tax rise. B.was always hopeful ( )3.The underlined word "deter"in Paragraph 3 most C.did not think about the past probably means D.became more and more successful A.discourage B.remove ( )4.How does eBay make money from its website? C.benefit D.free A.By bringing sellers together )4.Rogers'attitude towards the low-income smokers B.By charging for each sale. might be that of C.By listing items online. A.tolerance B.unconcern D.By making e-photos. C.doubt D.sympathy Passage46(2021·山东) ( )5.What can we learn from the last paragraph? Few laws are so effective that you can see results just days A.The new tax will be beneficial in the long run. after they take effect.But in the nine days since the federal ciga- B.Low-income Americans are more likely to fall ill. rette tax more than doubled-to 1.01 per pack-smokers C.Future generations will be hooked on smoking. have jammed telephone "quit lines"across the country seeking to D.Adults will depend more on their families. kick the habit. Passage47(2023·浙江) This is not a surprise to public health advocates.They've A.Leadership studied the effect of state tax increases for years,finding that B.Conflict Solving smokers,especially teens,are price sensitive.Nor is it a shock C.Open Communication to the industry,which fiercely fights every tax increase. D.Respect to All Team Members The only wonder is that so many states insist on closing E.Measuring Progress against Goals their ears to the message.Tobacco taxes improve public health, F.Common Goals with Challenging Target they raise money and most particularly,the deter people from Team Building Means More Than Throwing a Few People Together taking up the habit as teens,which is when nearly all smokers "Teamworking"is found everywhere within just about every are addicted.Yet the rate of taxation varies widely. organization.You can't get away from "teams"that are supposed In Manhattan,for instance,which has the highest tax in the to be able to create something that is greater than the sum of its nation,a pack of Marlboro Light Kings cost 10.06 at one parts.Or so the theory goes. drugstore Wednesday.In Charleston,S.C.,where the 7-cent-a- There are five measures that need to be taken before you can pack tax is the lowest in the nation,the price was $4.78. get the most out of a team: The influence is obvious. 1. In New York,high school smoking hit a new low in the lat- There must be a clear reason for the team to exist.And all est surveys-13.8%,far below the national average.By com- the members should realize the value and significance of what ·240· they are going to do.What they are hoping to achieve should be Since the earliest civilizations,people have controlled rivers something achievable but at the same time tough and inspiring e- to meet society's demands.Today,rivers are controlled for many nough to attract the members and keep their motivation alive. reasons,primarily to maintain reliable water supplies for daily, What is more,they should also be well prepared for the possible agricultural and industrial needs,for power generation,for navi- difficulties they may come across in the process. gation(航行)，and to prevent flooding. 2. River control is achieved by channelization,a term that cov- Team members must be able to express their opinions freely ers a range of river engineering works,including widening, without fear of being criticized,and they must have the feeling deepening,straightening and stabilization of banks,and by the that their suggestions will be taken seriously.This is an construction of dams. important point because the team may need to resolve some com- An important period of channelization took place in Europe plex or thorny issues.For example,it may discuss a sensitive during the 19th century,when many large rivers were topic.Should they keep their conclusion within the team or share straightened and their beds deepened.One of the most dramatic- it with other employees?This is an issue in itself that all the ally changed was the Tisza River,a branch of the Danube that members should agree on and frank discussion is required. flows through Hungary.The controlling of the Tisa,designed to 3. reduce flooding and make land for agriculture,included cutting It is easy to think that a junior team member may have less off more than 100 meanders(河曲)，shortening the river's length to contribute than more experienced ones.This is not only de- by nearly 400 kilometers. moralizing or discouraging,it also makes no sense-people that One of the most common ways in which people control have nothing to contribute should not have been selected for the rivers is by damming them.The past 50 years or so has seen an team in the first place.Since they have become members of your increase in dam construction worldwide,and at the beginning of team,you need to make sure that each of them has an opportuni- the 21*century,there were about 800,000 dams globally,some ty to add his or her thoughts to discussions towering more than 200 meters in height. 4. Despite their successes,many dams also cause significant Disagreements are natural and,in fact,debate and environmental changes that prove harmful.Some particularly discussion should be encouraged.A team made up only of "yes deep reservoirs()can bring about earthquakes due to the stress men"can make disastrous decisions that few people honestly a- on their bottom rocks caused by huge volumes of water.Downstream greed with in the first place.Consequently,there should be rules of a reservoir,the river is certainly influenced in many ways:water on how lengthy disagreements should be handled.For example, volume,speed and quality are all affected,leading to changes in the team meetings may not be the most appropriate place for a dis- landscape and among plants and animals. cussion that involves only two people,so "under-the-table" To 3 adequate water for: method may be effective. daily life,4 and industry 5. ·power generation Most high-performing teams are well organized,A good or- ·navigation ganizer should be able to play to individuals'strengths and help to stop rivers from 5 them overcome their weaknesses,It should be someone who can Title; act as a promoter and a constant reminder of what the team channelization: needs to achieve.He must,above all,be skilled in sharing re- ·engineering works: sponsibility and setting tasks to others,coaching them to achieve widening,6 and straightening rivers tasks,and providing constructive feedback on how the tasks ·7 river banks Ways an example:the 8 of the Tisza went. by nearly 400 km Team building isn't as simple as just throwing a few people together.It requires much more,but motivating people is most 9 essential.Successful teamworking is not marked by how much achievements:800,000 dams built progress the team makes toward its goals,but by how problems:causing harmful changes confidently each of its members completes his or her assigned t010 tasks with a sense of achievement and pride. 2. 3. Passage48(2023·湖南) 5. 6. Directions:Read the following passage.Fill in the numbered 9 10. blanks by using the information from the passage Passage49(2023·江苏) Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer. When Should a Leader Apologize and When Not? 241· Why Difficult? grams have similarly dealt with the subject of private apologies. When we wrong someone we know,even not intentionally, Why Bother? we are generally expected to apologize so as to improve the situa- Why do we apologize?Why do we ever put ourselves in situ- tion.But when we're acting as leaders,the circumstances are dif- ations likely to be difficult,embarrassing,and even risky?Lead- ferent.The act of apology is carried out not merely at the level of ers who apologize publicly could be an easy target.They are ex- the individual but also at the level of the institution.It is a per- pected to appear strong and capable.And whenever they make formance in which every expression matters and every word be- public statements of any kind,their individual and institutional comes part of the public record.Refusing to apologize can be reputations are in danger.Clearly,then,leaders should not smart,or it can be stupid.So,readiness to apologize can be seen as a apologize often or lightly.For a leader to express apology,there sign of strong character or as a sign of weakness.A successful needs to be a good,strong reason.Leaders will publicly apology can turn hate into personal and organizational harmony- apologize if and when they think the costs of doing so are lower while an apology that is too little,too late,or too obviously strategic than the costs of not doing so. can bring on individual and institutional ruin.What,then,is to be Why Refuse? done?How can leaders decide if and when to apologize publicly? Why is it that leaders so often refuse to apologize,even Why Now? when a public apology seems to be in order?Their reasons can be The question of whether leaders should apologize publicly individual or institutional.Because leaders are public figures, has never been more urgent.During the last decade or so,the U- their apologies are likely to be personally uncomfortable and even nited States in particular has developed an apology culture- professionally risky.Leaders may also be afraid that admission of apologies of all kinds and for all sorts of wrongdoings are made a mistake will damage or destroy the organization for which they far more frequently than before.More newspaper writers have are responsible.There can be good reasons for hanging tough in written about the growing importance of public apologies.More tough situations,as we shall see,but it is a high-risk strategy. articles,cartoons,advice columns,and radio and television pro- When Should a Leader Apologize and When Not? Public apology is much more than a personal Why is it so difficult It's no 2. job to strike a balance between to apologize apologizing or not. publicly? Apologies not 3. offered can bring on individua and institutional ruin. Why has the issue of In an apology 5. admission of all sorts of public apology been wrongdoings is more required than before. s04. now In The 6. importance of public apologies has been the USA? widely reported in the mass media. Being public figures,leaders are 7. to appear Why do leaders bother strong and capable. so much about public apologies? There needs to be a sufficient reason for a leader to apologize in 8. Making apologies is 9. to be personally Why do leaders often uncomfortable and even professionally risky. refuse to apologize publicly? Admission of a mistake or wrongdoing will probably do 10. to their organization. ·242· B组 D.Other fast-food chains. )3.For what purpose did Pearson start the advertising 题源1阅读篇目题材形式特征（★★★★★） campaign？ A.To build a good relationship with the public. Passage1(2023·山东) B.To stress the unusual tradition of Sparrow. Sparrow is a fast-food chain with 200 restaurants.Some C.To lean about customers;spending power. years ago,the group to which Sparrow belonged was taken over D.To meet the challenge from Marcy's restaurants. by another company.Although Sparrow showed no sign of decli- ( )4.The TV ads of Sparrow ning,the chain was generally in an unhealthy state.With more A.changed people's views on pop stars and more fast-food concepts reaching the market,the Sparrow B.amused the public with original songs menu had to struggle for attention.And to make matters worse, C.focused on the superiority of its products its new owner had no plans to give it the funds it required. D.influenced the eating habits of the audience Sparrow failed to grow for another two years.Until a new ( )5.What was Pearson's achievement as a CEO? CEO,Carl Pearson,decided to build up its market share.He did A.He managed to pay off Sparrow's debts. a survey,which showed that consumers who already used Spar- B.He made Sparrow much more competitive. row restaurants were extremely positive about the chain,while C.He helped Sparrow take over a company. customers of other fast-food chains were unwilling to turn away D.He improved the welfare of Sparrow employees. from them.Sparrow had to develop a new promotional campaign. Passage2(2023·新课标I) Pearson faced a battle over the future of the Sparrow brand. Some people will do just about anything to save money.And The chain's owner now favored rebranding Sparrow as Marcy's I am one of them.Take my family's last vacation.It was my six- restaurants.Pearson resisted,arguing for an advertising yearold son's winter break from school,and we were heading campaign designed to convince customers that visits to Sparrow home from Fort Lauderdale after a weeklong trip.The flight was restaurants were fun.Such an attempt to establish a positive re- overbooked,and Delta,the airline,offered us $400 per person lationship between a company and the general public was unusual in credits to give up our seats and leave the next day.I had meet- for that time.Pearson strongly believed that numbers were the ings in New York,so I had to get back.But that didn't mean my key to success,rather than customers'speeding power.Finally, husband and my son couldn't stay.I took my nine-month-old and the owner accepted his idea. took off for home. The campaign itself changed the traditional advertising style The next day,my husband and son were offered more of the fast-food industry.The TV ads of Sparrow focused on en- credits to take an even later flight.Yes,I encouraged-okay,or- tertainment and featured original songs performed by a variety of dered-them to wait it out at the airport,to "earn"more Delta stars.Instead of showing the superiority of a specific product, Dollars.Our total take:1,600.Not bad,huh? the intension was to put Sparrow in the hearts of potential cus- Now some people may think I'm a bad mother and not such tomers. a great wife either.But as a big-time bargain hunter,I know the Pearson also made other decisions which he believed would value of a dollar.And these days,a good deal is something few contribute to the new Sparrow image.For example,he offered to of us can afford to pass up. lower the rent of any restaurants which achieved a certain I've made living looking for the best deals and exposing( increase in their turnover(营业额). the worst tricks,I have been the consumer reporter of NBC's These efforts paid off,and Sparrow soon became one of the Today show for over a decade.I have written a couple of books most successful fast-food chains in the regions where it operated. including one titled Tricks of the Trade:A Consumer Survival ()1.Which was one of the problems Sparrow faced before Guide.And I really do what I believe in. Pearson became CEO? I tell you this because there is no shame in getting your A.The number of its customers was declining. money's worth.I'm also tightfisted when it comes to shoes, B.Its customers found the food unhealthy. clothes for my children,and expensive restaurants.But I C.It was in need of financial support. wouldn't hesitate to spend on a good haircut.It keeps its shape D.Most of its restaurants were closed. longer,and it's the first thing people notice.And I will also ( )2.What does the underlined word "them"in Paragraph 2 spend on a classic piece of furniture.Quality lasts. refer to? ()1.Why did Delta give the author's family credits? A.Customers of Sparrow restaurants. A.They took a later flight. B.Sparrow restaurants. B.They had early bookings. C.Customers of other fast-food chains. C.Their flight had been delayed. ·243· D.Their flight had been cancelled. new job. ()2.What can we learn about the author? ()1.Why did Jimmy apply for a new job? A.She rarely misses a good deal. A.He was out of work. B.She seldom makes a compromise. B.He was bored with his job. C.She is very strict with her children. C.He wanted a higher position. D.She is interested in cheap products. D.He hoped to find a better boss. ( )3.What does the author do? ( )2.What did Jimmy see on the way to the interview? A.She's a teacher. A.A friend's car had a flat tyre. B.She's a housewife. B.A wild man was pushing a car C.She's a media person. C.A terrible accident happened. D.She's a businesswoman. D.An old man's car broke down. ()4.What does the author want to tell us? ( )3.Why did the old man offer Jimmy a ride? A.How to expose bad tricks. A.He was also to be interviewed. B.How to reserve airline seats. B.He needed a traveling companion. C.How to spend money wisely. C.He always helped people in need. D.How to make a business deal. D.He was thankful to Jimmy. Passage3(2023·山东） ( )4.How did Jimmy feel on hearing the interviewer's ques- Jimmy is an automotive mechanic,but he lost his job a few tion? months ago.He has a good heart,but always feared applying for A.He was sorry for the other applicants. a new job. B.There was no hope for him to get the job. One day,he gathered up all his strength and decided to at- C.He regretted helping the old man. tend a job interview.His appointment was at 10 am and it was D.The interviewer was very rude. already 8:30.While waiting for a bus to the office where he was ( )5.What can we learn from Jimmy's experience? supposed to be interviewed,he saw an elderly man wildly A.Where there is a will,there's a way. kicking the tyre of his car.Obviously there was something wrong B.A friend in need is a friend indeed. with the car.Jimmy immediately went up to lend him a hand. C.Good is rewarded with good. When Jimmy finished working on the car,the old man asked him D.Two heads are better than one. how much he should pay for the service.Jimmy said there was Passage4(2023·四川) no need to pay him;he just helped someone in need,and he had Home to me means a sense of familiarity and nostalgia( to rush for an interview.Then the old man said,"Well,I could )It's fun to come home.It looks the same.It smells the take you to the office for your interview.It's the least I could do. same.You'll realize what's changed is you.Home is where we Please,I insist."Jimmy agreed. can remember pain,love and some other experiences:We parted Upon arrival,Jimmy found a long line of applicants waiting here;My parents met here;I won three championships here. to be interviewed.Jimmy still had some grease on him after the If I close my eyes,I can still have a clear picture in mind of car repair,but he did not have much time to wash it off or have a my first home.I walk in the door and see a brown sofa surround- change of shirt.One by one,the applicants left the interviewer's ing a low glass-top wooden table.To the right of the living room office with disappointed look on their faces.Finally his name was is my first bedroom.It's empty,but it's where my earliest mem- called.The interviewer was sitting on a large chair facing the of- ories are. fice window.Rocking the chair back and forth,he asked,"Do There is the dining room table where I celebrated birthdays you really need to be interviewed?"Jimmy's heart sank."With and where I cried on Halloween-when I didn't want to wear the the way I look now,how could I possibly pass this interview?" skirt my mother made for me.I always liked standing on that ta- he thought to himself. ble because it made me feel tall and strong.If I sit at this table,I Then the interviewer turned the chair and to Jimmy's sur- can see my favorite room in the house,my parents'room.It is prise,it was the old man he helped earlier in the morning.It simple:a brown wooden dresser lines the right side of the wall turned out he was the General Manager of the company. next to a television and a couple of photos of my grandparents on "Sorry I had to keep you waiting,but I was pretty sure I each side.Their bed is my safe zone.I can jump on it anytime- made the right decision to have you as part of our workforce be- waking up my parents if I am scared or if I have an important an- fore you even stepped into the office.I just know you'd be a nouncement that cannot wait until the morning. trustworthy worker.Congratulations!"Jimmy sat down and they I'm lucky because I know my first home still exists.It exists shared a cup of well-deserved coffee as he landed himself a in my mind and heart,on a physical property (on West ·244 64th street on the western edge of Los Angeles.It is proof I out my pen... lived,I grew,and I learned. At that point,I understood that nothing I wrote could ever Sometimes when I feel lost,I lie down and shut my eyes, match or replace the few seconds I allowed myself to experience and I go home.I know it's where I'll find my family,my dogs, the dramatic beauty of the valley.All I remembered of the previ- and my belongings.I purposely leave the window open at night ous few days were the dull characterizations I had set down in my because I know I'll be blamed by Mom.But I don't mind, diary. because I want to hear her say my name,which reminds me I'm Now,I only write in my diary when I need to write down a home. special thought or feeling.I still love to record ideas and quota- ()1.Why does the author call her parents'bed her "safe tions that strike me in books,or observations that are zone"(Paragraph 3)? particularly meaningful.I take pictures,but not very often-only A.It is her favorite place to play. of objects I find really beautiful.I'm no longer blindly satisfied B.Her needs can be satisfied there. with having something to remember when I grow old.I realize C.Her grandparents'photos are lined on each side. that life will simply pass me by if I stay behind the camera,busy D.Her parents always play together with her there. preserving the present so as to live it in the future. ( )2.What can be learned from the passage? I don't want to wake up one day and have nothing but a pile A.The old furniture is still in the author's first bed of pictures and notes.Maybe I won't have as many exact repre- room. sentations of people and places;maybe I'll forget certain facts, B.The author can still visit her first physical home in but at least the experiences will always remain inside me.I don't Los Angeles. live to make memories-I just live,and the memories form C.The author's favorite room in her first home is the themselves. dining room. ( )1.Before the age of thirteen,the author regarded keeping D.Many people of the author's age can still find their a diary as a way of first physical homes. A.observing her school routine ( )3.Sometimes when she feels lost,the author will B.expressing her satisfaction A.open the window at night C.impressing her classmates B.lie down in bed to have a dream D.preserving her history C.try to bring back a sense of home )2.What caused a change in the author's understanding of D.go to Los Angeles to visit her mom keeping a diary? ()4.What is the author's purpose of writing this passage? A.A dull night on the journey. A.To express how much she is attached to her home. B.The beauty of the great valley. B.To declare how much she loves her first house. C.A striking quotation from a book. C.To describe the state of her family. D.Her concerns for future generations. D.To look back on her childhood. ( )3.What does the author put in her diary now? Passage5(2023·湖北） A.Notes and beautiful pictures. Some years ago,writing in my diary used to be a usual ac- B.Special thoughts and feelings. tivity.I would return from school and spend the expected half C.Detailed accounts of daily activities. hour recording the day's events,feelings,and impressions in my D.Descriptions of unforgettable events. little blue diary.I did not really need to express my emotions by ( )4.The author comes to realize that to live a meaningful way of words,but I gained a certain satisfaction from seeing my life is experiences forever recorded on paper.After all,isn't accumula- A.to experience it ting memories a way of preserving the past? B.to live the present in the future When I was thirteen years old,I went on a long journey on C.to make memories foot in a great valley,well-equipped with pens,a diary,and a D.to give accurate representations of it camera.During the trip,I was busy recording every incident, Passage6(2023·安微) name and place I came across.I felt proud to be spending my Welcome to one of the largest collections of footwear() time productively,dutifully preserving for future generations a in the world that will make you green with envy.Here at the detailed description of my travels.On my last night there,I Footwear Museum you can see exhibits()from all over the wandered out of my tent,diary in hand.The sky was clear and world. lit by the glare of the moon,and the walls of the valley looked You can find out about shoes worn by everyone from the threatening behind their screen of shadows.I automatically took Ancient Egyptians to pop stars. ·245· Room 1 own risks-burns,for example.Now,researchers in California Room 2 The celebrity(名人)footwear have designed what could be a harmless trigger to date:shining Most of our visitors are amazed section is probably the most near-infrared light(NIR,近红外线)on the drug in the capsule. and shocked by the collection of popular in the entire museum. The idea of using light to liberate the drug in the capsule “special purpose”shoes on Exhi- Started in the 1950s there is a wide isn't new.Researchers around the globe have developed polymers bition here at the Museum of variety of shoes and boots Footwear.For example,there (聚合物)and other materials that begin to break down when belonging to everyone from queens are Chinese shoes made of silk they absorb either ultraviolet(UV,紫外线)or visible light,But and presidents to pop stars and ac- that were worn by women to tie tissues also readily absorb UV and visible light,which means the tors!Most visitors find the their feet firmly to prevent them drug release can be triggered only near the skin,where the light celebrities'choice of footwear ex- from growing too much! can reach the capsule.NIR light largely passes through tissues, tremely interesting. so researchers have tried to use it as a trigger.But few Room 4 compounds(化合物)absorb NIR well and go through chemical Room 3 The footwear Library As well as shoes and boots the changes. People come from all over the museum also exhibits shoe-shaped That changed last year when Adah Almutairi,a chemist at world to study in our excellent objects. The variety is the University of California,San Diego,reported that she and footwear library.Designers and unbelievable.For example,there her colleagues had designed a polymer that breaks down when it researchers come here to look is a metal lamp that resembles a absorbs NIR light.Their polymer used a commercially available up information on anything and pair of shoes,and Greek wine bot- everything related to the subject NIR-absorbing group called o-nitrobenzyl (ONB).When they tles that like legs！ of footwear. catch the light,ONB groups fall off the polymer,leading to its breakdown.But ONB is only a so-so NIR absorber,and it could )1.Where would you find a famous singer's shoes? be poisonous to cells when it separates from the polymer. A.Room 1. So Almutairi and her colleagues reported creating a new ma- B.Room 2. terial for capsules that's even better.This one consists of a long C.Room 3. chain of compounds called cresol groups linked in a polymer. D.The Footwear Library. Cresol contains reactive(易反应的)components that make it )2.All exhibits in each room highly unstable in its polymeric form,a feature Almutairi and A.share the same theme her colleagues use to their advantage.After polymerizing the cre- B.have the same shape sols,they cap each reactive component with a light-absorbing C.are made of the same material compound called Bhc.When the Bhes absorb NIR light,the reac- D.belong to the same social class tive groups are exposed and break the long polymer into two )3.Which of the following is TRUE according to the text? short chains.Shining additional light continues this breakdown, A.The oldest exhibits in Room 1 were made in potentially releasing any drugs in the capsule.What's more,Al- the 1950s. mutairi says,Bhe is 10 times better at absorbing NIR than ONB B.Room 2 is the most visited place in the museum. and is not poisonous to cells. C.Room 3 has a richer variety of exhibits than the )1.According to the passage,which of the following could other two. be the best trigger? D.Researchers come to the Foot wear Library for data A.Temperature change. ( )4.The purpose of the text is to get more people to B.NIR light. A.do research C.Acidity change. B.design shoes D.UV light. C.visit the museum )2.Why is ONB unsatisfactory? D.follow celebrities A.It breaks down when it absorbs NIR light. Passage7(2023·江苏) B.It falls off the polymer and triggers drug release. Medical drugs sometimes cause more damage than they C.It has not come onto the market up till now. cure.One solution to this problem is to put the drugs inside a D.It is not effective enough and could be poisonous. capsule,protecting them from the body-and the body from ( )3.Which word can be used to complete the following them-until they can be released at just the right spot.There are process of changes? lots of ways to trigger (this release,including changing Bhcs absorb NIR. Part of the cresol is temperature,acidity,and so on.But triggers can come with their ·246· →Polymer breaks down. Drug is released. B.a report C.a diary A.protected D.an essay B.formed Passage9(2023·浙江) C.exposed Easter(复话节)is still a great day for worship,candy in D.combined baskets and running around the yard finding eggs,but every year Passage8(2023·福建) it gets quite a bit worse for bunnies. At exactly eleven Sir Percival knocked and entered,with And no,not because the kids like to pull their ears.The cul- anxiety and worry in every line of his face.This meeting would prit is climate change,and some researchers found that rising decide his future life,and he obviously knew it. temperatures are having harmful effects on at least five species of “You may wonder,Sir Percival,”said Laura calmly,“ifI rabbit in the US. am going to ask to be released()from my promise to marry Take the Lower Keys Marsh rabbit,for instance.An endan- you.I am not going to ask this.I respect my father's wishes too gered species that lives in the Lower Florida Keys,this species much.” of cottontail is a great swimmer-it lives on the islands!-but it His face relaxed a little,but one of his feet kept beating the is already severely affected by development and now by rising sea carpet. levels.According to the Center for Biological Diversity,an ocean “No,if we are going to withdraw(退出)from our planned level rise of only 0.6 meters will send these guys jumping to marriage,it will be because of your wish,not mine." higher ground and a 0.9 meters rise would wipe out their habitat “Mine?”he said in great surprise,.“What reason could I (栖息地)completely. have for withdrawing?" The snowshoe hare,on the other hand,has a color issue. "A reason that is very hard to tell you,"she answered. Most of these rabbits change their fur color from white in the “There is a change in me..” wintertime to brown in the summer,each designed to give them His face went so pale that even his lips lost their color.He better cover from predators(捕食者)，As the number of days turned his head to one side. with snow decreases all across the country,however,more and "What change?"he asked,trying to appear calm. more bunnies are being left in white fur during brown dirt days "When the promise was made two years ago",she said, of both fall and spring,making them an easier mark for preda- "my love did not belong to anyone.Will you forgive me,Sir Per- tors.Researchers know that the color change is controlled by the cival,if I tell you that it now belongs to another person?" number of hours of sunlight,but whether the rabbit will be able “I wish you to understand”,Laura continued,“that I will to adapt quick enough to survive is a big question.The National never see this person again,and that if you leave me,you only Wildlife Federation has reported that hunters have noticed their allow me to remain a single woman for the rest of my life.All I numbers are already markedly down. ask is that you forgive me and keep my secret." American pikas or rock rabbits,a relative of rabbits and "I will do both those things,"he said.Then he looked at hares,might be the first of these species to go extinct due to cli- Laura,as if he was waiting to hear more. mate change.About 7-8 inches long,pikas live high in the "I think I have said enough to give you reason to withdraw cool,damp mountains west of the Rocky Mountains.As global from our marriage,"she added quietly. temperatures rise,they would naturally migrate()to higher "No.You have said enough to make it the dearest wish of ground-but they already occupy the mountaintops.They can't my life to marry you,"he said. go any higher.The National Wildlife Federation reports that they ()1.How did Percival feel during his meeting with Laura? might not be able to stand the new temperatures as their habitat A.Angry. heats up. B.Calm. The volcano rabbit has the same problem.These rabbits live C.Nervous. on the slopes of volcanoes in Mexico,and recent studies have D.Excited. shown that the lower range of their habitat has already shifted )2.We can learn from the passage that upward about 700 meters,but there are not suitable plants for A.Laura had once promised to marry Percival them to move higher,so they are stuck in the middle.Scientists B.Laura's father wished to end her marriage are concerned about their populations. C.Percival had been married to Laura for two years Native to the US,pygmy rabbits weigh less than 1 pound D.Percival asked to be released from the marriage and live in the American West.They are believed to be the smal- )3.The passage is probably taken out of lest rabbits in the world.Their habitats have been destroyed by A.a novel development.Several populations,such as the Columbia Basin ·247· pygmy,almost went extinct and were saved by zoo breeding pro- tougher by a recent blog posting that put agriculture at No.I on a grams.Pygmy rabbits also rely on winter cover by digging list of "useless"college degrees.Top federal agriculture officials tunnels through the snow to escape predators,but lesser are talking about the posting,and it has the attention of agricul- snowfall is leaving them exposed. tural organizations across the country. All of this gives new meaning to dressing up in a giant "There couldn't be anything that's more incorrect," bunny costume this Easter. Merrigan said."We know that there aren't enough qualified ( )1.The writer mentions Easter at the beginning of the pas graduates to fill the jobs that are out there in American agricul- sage in order to ture."In addition,a growing world population that some experts A.show the importance of Easter Day predict will require 70%more food production by 2050,she said. B.introduce the issue about bunnies "I truly believe we're at a golden age of agriculture.Global C.remind people of Easter traditions demand is at an all-time record high,and global supplies are at D.discuss the relationship between Easter and bunnies all-time record lows,"said Matt Rush,director of the Texas )2.The word "culprit"(Paragraph 2)is closest in meaning Farm Bureau."Production costs are going to be valuable enough to that younger people are going to have the opportunity to be in- A.criminal volved in agriculture." B.judge The Department of Agriculture has programs aimed at de- C.victim veloping more farmers and at increasing interest in locally grown D.producer food.The National Young Farmers'Coalition has also been )3.According to the passage,some rabbits can now be pushing for state and federal policy changes to make it easier for easily discovered by predators because they new farmers. A.are exposed to more skillful hunters Ryan Best,president of Future Farmers of America,has B.have moved to habitats with fewer plants been living out of a suitcase,traveling the country and visiting C.haven't adapted themselves to climate change with high school students about careers in agriculture.The 21- D.can't change their fur color into white in the fall year-old Best hopes his message-that this is a new time in agri- and the spring culture-will motivate the next generation to turn around the )4.The problem faced by volcano rabbits and rock rabbits statistics.“Never before have we had the innovations(创新)in is that technology which have led to agriculture in this country being the A.both are affected by less snow most efficient it has ever been,"he said."There's really a place B.both are affected by rising sea levels for everybody to fit in." C.neither can find enough food ( )1.What is the new challenge to American agriculture? D.neither can migrate to higher places A.Fewer and older farmers. ( )5.Which best describes the writer's tone in the passage? B.Higher fuel prices. A.Approving. C.More natural disasters. B.Concerned. D.Lower agricultural output. C.Enthusiastic. )2.Why is Merrigan visiting universities across the coun- D.Doubtful. try? Passage10(2023·江苏) A.To draw federal agriculture officials'attention. Deputy Agriculture Secretary Kathleen Merrigan sees an ep- B.To select qualified agriculture graduates. idemic(流行病)sweeping across America's farmland.It has little C.To clarify a recent blog posting. to do with the usual challenges,such as flood,rising fuel prices D.To talk more students into farming careers and crop-eating insects.The country's farmers are getting older, ( )3.According to Matt Rush,American agriculture will and there are fewer people standing in line to take their place. provide opportunities for younger people because National agricultural census()figures show that the fastest- growing group of farmers is the part over 65.Merrigan is afraid A.the government will cover production costs the average age will be even higher when the 2012 statistics are B.global food supplies will be even lower completed. C.investment in agriculture will be profitable Merrigan,a former college professor,is making stops at D.America will increase its food export universities across the country in hopes of encouraging more ( )4.What do the underlined words "to turn around the sta- students to think about careers in agriculture.Aside from trying tistics"in the last paragraph mean? to stop the graying of America's farmers,her work is made A.To re-analyze the result of the national census. ·248· B.To increase agricultural production. they'll let me play?"Shay's father knew that most of the boys C.To bring down the average age of farmers. would not want someone like Shay on their team,but the father D.To invest more in agriculture. also understood that if his son,mentally and physically disabled, Passage11(2023·安徽) were allowed to play,it would give him a much-needed sense of When Frida Kahlo's paintings were on show in London,a poet belonging and some confidence. described her paintings as“a ribbon(丝带)around a bomb”,Such Shay's father approached one of the boys on the field and comments seem to suggest Kahlo had a big influence on the art asked if Shay could play,not expecting much.The boy looked world of her time.Sadly,she is actually a much bigger name to- around and said,"We're losing by six runs()and the game is day than she was during her time. in the eighth inning().I guess he can be on our team and we'll Born in 1907 in a village near Mexico City,Kahlo suffered try to put him in to bat in the final inning." from polio(小儿麻痹症)at the age of seven..Her spine(脊柱) Shay struggled over to the team's bench and put on a team become bent as she grew older.Then,in 1925,her back was shirt with a broad smile and his father had a small tear in his eye broken in several places in a school-bus accident.Throughout the and warmth in his heart.The boys saw the father's joy at his son rest of her life,the artist had many operations,but nothing was being accepted. able to cure the terrible pain in her back.However,the accident In the bottom of the eighth inning,Shay's team scored a had an unexpected side effect.While lying in her bed recovering, few runs but was still behind by three.In the top of the final in- Kahlo taught herself to paint. ning,Shay put on a glove and played in the field.Even though no In 1929,she got married to Diego Rivera,another famous hits came his way,he was obviously joyful just to be in the game Mexican artist.Rivera's strong influences on Kahlo's style can be and on the field.In the bottom of the final inning,Shay's team seen in her early works,but her later works from the 1940s,known scored again.Now,Shay was scheduled to be next at bat.Would today as her best works,show less influence from her husband. they let Shay bat and give away their chance to win the game? Unfortunately,her works did not attract much attention in Surprisingly,Shay was given the bat.Everyone knew that a the 1930s and 1940s,even in her home country.Her first one- hit was almost impossible.The first pitch()came and Shay woman show in Mexico was not held until 1953.For more than a missed.The pitcher again took a few steps forward to throw the decade after her death in 1954,Kahlo's works remained largely ball softly towards Shay.As the pitch came in,Shay swung at unnoticed by the world,but in the 1970s her works began to gain the ball and hit a slow ground ball right back to the pitcher. international fame at last. The pitcher could have easily thrown the ball to the first )1.What does the phrase "a much bigger name"in Paragraph baseman and Shay would have been out and that would have been 1 most nearly mean? the end of the game.Instead,the pitcher threw the ball right A.A far better artist. over the head of the first baseman,beyond the reach of all team- B.A far more gifted artist. mates.The audience and the players from both teams started C.A much stronger person. screaming,"Shay,run to first!"Never in his life had Shay ever D.A much more famous person. run that far but made it to first base,wide-eyed and shocked. )2.The terrible pain Kahlo suffered was caused by Everyone shouted,"Run to second!"Catching his breath, A.polio Shay awkwardly ran towards second.By the time Shay rounded B.her bent spine towards second base,the smallest guy on their team,who had a C.back injuries chance to be the hero for his team for the first time,could have D.the operations she had thrown the ball to the second baseman,but he understood the ( )3.Kahlo's style had become increasingly independent pitcher's intentions and he too intentionally threw the ball high since the and far over the third baseman's head. A.1930s B.1940s All were screaming,"Shay,Shay,Shay,all the way Shay." C.1950s D.1970s Shay reached third base when one opposing player ran to help ( )4.What is the author's attitude toward Kahlo? him and shouted,"Shay,run to third."As Shay rounded third, A.Devotion. all were on their feet,crying,"Shay,run home!"Shay ran to B.Sympathy. home,stepped on the home base and was cheered as the hero C.Worry. who won the game for his team. D.Encouragement That day,the boys from both teams helped bring a piece of Passage12(2023·江苏) true love and humanity into this world.Shay didn't make it to Shay and his father had walked past a park where some boys another summer and died that winter,having never forgotten be- Shay knew were playing baseball.Shay asked,"Do you think ing the hero and making his father so happy and coming home ·249· and seeing his mother tearfully hug her little hero of the day! would fly today. ()1.Not expecting much,Shay's father still asked the boy if My mother looked at the sitting room,its furniture disor- Shay could play,mainly because the father dered for a thorough sweeping.Again she cast a look toward the A.noticed some of the boys on the field were hesita- window."Come on,girls!Let's take string to the boys and ting watch them fly the kites a minute. B.guessed his presence would affect the boy's decision On the way we met Mrs.Patrick,laughing guiltily as if she C.learned some of the boys on the field knew were doing something wrong,together with her girls. Shay well There never was such a day for flying kites!We played all D.understood Shay did need a feeling of being accept- our fresh string into the boys'kites and they went up higher and ed higher.We could hardly distinguish the orange-colored spots of ()2.In the bottom of the final inning Shay was given the bat the kites.Now and then we slowly pulled one kite back, because the boys watching it dancing up and down in the wind,and finally A.believed they were sure to win the game bringing it down to earth,just for the joy of sending it up again. B.would like to help Shay enjoy the game Even our fathers dropped their tools and joined us.Our C.found Shay was so eager to be a winner mothers took their turn,laughing like schoolgirls.I think we D.felt forced to give Shay another chance were all beside ourselves.Parents forgot their duty and their dig- ( )3.The smallest boy threw the ball high and far over the third nity;children forgot their everyday fights and little jealousies. baseman's head,probably because that boy "Perhaps it's like this in the kingdom of heaven,"I thought con- A.was obviously aware of the pitcher's purpose fusedly. B.looked forward to winning the game for his team It was growing dark before we all walked sleepily back to C.failed to throw the ball to the second baseman the house.I suppose we had some sort of supper.I suppose there D.saw that Shay already reached second base must have been surface tidying-up,for the house on Sunday ( )4.Which of the following has nothing to do with Shay's looked clean and orderly enough.The strange thing was,we becoming the hero for his team? didn't mention that day afterward.I felt a little embarrassed. A.The pitcher did not throw the ball to the first base Surely none of the others had been as excited as I.I locked the man, memory up in that deepest part of me where we keep"the things B.The audience and the players from both teams that cannot be and yet they are." cheered for him. The years went on,then one day I was hurrying about my C.The opposing players failed to stop his running to kitchen in a city apartment,trying to get some work out of the home. way while my three-year-old insistently cried her desire to "go D.One of the opposing players ran to help him. park,see duck.” ( )5.What do you think is the theme of the story? “Ican'tgo!”I said.“I have this and this to do,and when A.True human nature could be realized in the way we I'm through I'll be too tired to walk that far." treat each other. My mother,who was visiting us,looked up from the peas B.Everyone has his own strength even if mentally or she was shelling.“It's a wonderful day,”she offered,“really physically disabled. warm,yet there's a fine breeze.Do you remember that day we C.Everyone can develop his team spirit in sports and flew kites'?” please his parents. I stopped in my dash between stove and sink.The locked D.The results of the game should not be the only con- door flew open and with it a rush of memories."Come on,"I cern of the players. told my little girl."You're right,it's too good a day to miss. Passage13(2023·浙江) Another decade passed.We were in the aftermath(of It was Saturday.As always,it was a busy one,for "Six a great war.All evening we had been asking our returned days shall you labor and do all your work"was taken seriously soldier,the youngest Patrick Boy,about his experiences as a back then.Outside,Father and Mr.Patrick next door were busy prisoner of war.He had talked freely,but now for a long time he chopping firewood.Inside their own houses,Mother and Mrs. had been silent.What was he thinking of-what dark and Patrick were engaged in spring cleaning. horrible things? Somehow the boys had slipped away to the back lot with “Sayl”A smile slipped out from his lips..“Do you remem their kites.Now,even at the risk of having Brother caught to ber-no,of course you wouldn't.It probably didn't make the beat carpets,they had sent him to the kitchen for more string impression on you as it did on me." ()It seemed there was no limit to the heights to which kites I hardly dared speak."Remember what?" ·250· “I used to think of that day a lot in POW camp(战俘营)， You can imagine how fully occupied I became,raising four when things weren't too good.Do you remember the day we flew boys under the age of 8!Our home was a complete zoo-a joyous the kites?” zoo.Not surprising,I never did make it back to college full-time. ()1.Mrs.Patrick was laughing guiltily because she thought But I never gave up on the dream,either.I had only one choice: to find a way.That meant taking as few as one class each semes- A.she was too old to fly kites ter. B.her husband would make fun of her The hardest part was feeling guilty about the time I spent C.she should have been doing her housework then away from the boys.They often wanted me to stay home with D.her girls weren't supposed to play the boys'game them.There certainly were times I wanted to quit,but I knew I )2.By "we were all beside ourselves",the writer means should set an example for them to follow through the rest of that they all their lives. A.felt confused In 2007,I graduated from the University of North Carolina. B.went wild with joy It took me over 21 years to get my college degree! C.looked on I am not special,just single-minded.It always struck me D.forgot their fights that when you're looking at a big challenge from the outside it ( )3.What did the writer think after the kite-flying? looks huge,but when you're in the midst of it,it just seems nor A.The boys must have had more fun than the girls. mal.Everything you want won't arrive in your life on one day. B.They should have finished their work before playing. It's a process.Remember:little steps add up to big dreams. C.Her parents should spend more time with them. ( )1.When the author went to Howard University,her D.All the others must have forgotten that day. dream was to be )4.Why did the writer finally agree to take her little girl A.a writer B.a teacher for an outing? C.a judge D.a doctor A.She suddenly remembered her duty as a mother. ( )2.Why did the author quit school in her second year of B.She was reminded of the day they flew kites. college? C.She had finished her work in the kitchen. A.She wanted to study by herself. D.She thought it was a great day to play outside. B.She fell in love and got married. ( )5.The youngest Patrick boy is mentioned to show that C.She suffered from a serious illness D.She decided to look after her grandma. A.the writer was not alone in treasuring her fond memories ( )3.What can we learn about the author from Paragraphs 4 B.his experience in POW camp threw a shadow and 5? over his life A.She was busy yet happy with her family life. C.childhood friendship means so much to the writ- B.She ignored her guilty feeling for her sons. C.She wanted to remain a full-time housewife. D.people like him really changed a lot after the war D.She was too confused to make a correct choice. Passage14(2023·天津) ( )4.What dose the author mostly want to tell us in the last In the fall of 1985,I was a bright-eyed girl heading off to paragraph? Howard University,aiming at a legal career and dreaming of sit- A.Failure is the mother of success. ting on a Supreme Court bench somewhere.Twenty-one years B.Little by little,one goes far. later I am still a bright-eyed dreamer and one with quite a differ- C.Every coin has two sides. ent tale to tell. D.Well begun,half done. My grandma,an amazing woman,graduated from college at ( )5.Which of the following can best describe the author? the age of 65.She was the first in our family to reach that goal. A.Caring and determined. But one year after I started college,she developed cancer.I made B.Honest and responsible. the choice to withdraw from college to care for her.It meant that C.Ambitious and sensitive. school and my personal dream would have to wait. D.Innocent and single-minded. Then I got married with another dream:building my family Passage15(2023·山东) with a combination of adopted and biological children.In 1999, Tim Richter and his wife,Linda,had taught for over 30 we adopted our first son.To lay eyes on him was fantastic-and years near Buffalo,New York-he in computers,she in special very emotional.A year later came our second adopted boy.Then education."Teaching means everything to us."Tim would say. followed son No.3.In 2003,I gave birth to another boy. In April 1998,he learned he would need a heart operation.It was ·251· the kind of news that leads to some serious thinking about life's )5.What can we learn from Tim's words in the last para- purpose. graph? Not long after the surgery,Tim saw a brochure describing A.He needs more money to help the children. Imagination Library,a program started by Dolly Parton's foun- B.He wonders why some people are so busy. dation(基金会)that mailed a book every month to children from C.He tries to save those waiting to die. birth to age five in the singer's home town of Sevier,Tennessee. D.He considers his efforts worthwhile. "I thought,maybe Linda and I could do something like this when Passage16(2023·天津) we retire,"Tim recalls.He placed the brochure on his desk as a Blind imitation()is self-destruction.To those who do reminder. not recognize their unique worth,imitation appears attractive:to Five years later,now retired and with that brochure still on those who know their strength,imitation is unacceptable. the desk,Tim clicked on imaginationlibrary.com.The program In the early stages of skill or character development,imita- had been opened up to partners who could take advantage of book tion is helpful.When I first learned to cook,I used recipes( and postage discounts. and turned out some tasty dishes.But soon I grew bored. The quality of the books was of great concern to the Why follow someone else's way of cooking when I could create Richters.Rather than sign up online,they went to Dollywood for my own?Imitating role models is like using training wheels on a a look-see."We didn't want to give the children rubbish,"says child's bicycle;they help you get going,but once you find your Linda.The books-reviewed each year by teachers,literacy spe- own balance,you fly faster and farther without relying on them. cialists and Dollywood boand members-included classics such as In daily life,imitation can hurt us if we subconsciously(F Ezra Jack Keats's The Snowy Day and newer books like Anna 意识地)hold poor role models.If,as a child,.you observed peo- Dewdney's Llama Llama series. ple whose lives were bad,you may have accepted their fear and Satisfied,the couple set up the Richter Family Foundation pain as normal and gone on to follow what they did.If you do not and got to work.Since 2004,they have shipped more than make strong choices for yourself,you will get the results of the 12,200 books to preschoolers in their area.Megan Williams,a weak choices of others. mother of four,is more than appreciative:"This program intro- In the field of entertainment,our culture glorifies duces us to books I've never heard of." celebrities.Those stars look great on screen.But when they step The Richters spend about 400 a month sending books to off screen,their personal lives may be disastrous.If you are 200 children."Some people sit there and wait to die,"says Tim. going to follow someone,focus on their talent,not their bad "Others get as busy as they can in the time they have left." character or unacceptable behaviors. ()1.What led Tim to think seriously about the meaning of Blessed is the person willing to act on their sudden desire to life？ create something unique.Think of the movies,books,teachers, A.His health problem and friends that have affected you most deeply.They touched you B.His love for teaching. because their creations were motivated by inspiration,not des- C.The influence of his wife. peration.The world is changed not by those who do what has D.The news from the Web. been done before them,but by those who do what has been done )2.What did Tim want to do after learning about Imagina- inside them.Creative people have an endless resource of ideas. tion Library? The problem a creator faces is not running out of material;it is A.Give out brochures. what to do with all the material knocking at the door of imagina- B.Do something similar. tion. C.Write books for children. Study your role models,accept the gifts they have given, D.Retire from being a teacher and leave behind what does not serve you.Then you can say,"I ( )3.According to the text,Dolly Parton is stand on the shoulders of my ancestors'tragedies and declare vic- A.a well-known surgeon tory,and know that they are cheering on. B.a mother of a four-yearold ()1.Imitation proves useful when you C.a singer born in Tennessee A.know you are unique D.a computer programmer B.lose the balance of life )4.Why did the Richters go to Dollywood? C.begin to learn something new A.To avoid signing up online. D.get tired of routine practice B.To meet Dollywood board members. ( )2.To avoid the bad result of imitation,we should C.To make sure the books were the newest. A.forget daily fear and pain D.To see if the books were of good quality. B.choose the right example ·252· C.ask others for decisions spent wastefully and will leave new problems behind,just like D.stay away from stars the railroads and the highways. ( )3.According to the author,the world moves on because of The money set aside in negotiated trade-offs and the institu- those who are tions that control it will shape the West far beyond the A.desperate to influence others with their knowledge immediate footprint of power plants and transmission lines.So B.ready to turn their original ideas into reality let's remember the effects of the railroads and the highways as C.eager to discover what their ancestors did we construct these new power plants in the West. D.willing to accept others'ideas ()1.What was the problem caused by the construction of )4.The trouble a creator faces is the railways? A.the lack of strong motivation A.Small towns along the railways became abandoned. B.the absence of practical ideas B.Some railroad stops remained underused. C.how to search for more materials C.Land in the West was hard to manage. D.how to use imagination creatively D.Land grants went into private hands. ( )5.What is the author's purpose in writing this passage? )2.What is the major concern in the development of alter- A.To highlight the importance of creativity. native energy according to the last two paragraphs? B.To criticize the characters of role models. A.The transmission of power. C.To compare imitation with creation. B.The use of money and power. D.To explain the meaning of success. C.The conservation of solar energy Passage17(2023·北京) D.The selection of an ideal place. As the railroads and the highways shaped the American ( )3.What is the author's attitude towards building solar West in the past centuries,a new electrical generating(and plants? transmission()system for the 21st century will leave a last- A.Cautious. ing mark on the West,for better or worse.Much of the real sig- B.Approving. nificance of railroads and highways is not in their direct physical C.Doubtful. effect on the scenery,but in the ways that they affect the sur- D.Disapproving. rounding community.The same is true of big solar plants and the ( )4.Which is the best title for the passage? power lines that will be laid down to move electricity around. A.How the Railways Have Affected the West Thel9 th century saw land grants(政府拨地)offered to B.How Solar Energy Could Reshape the West railroad companies to build the transcontinental railroads, C.How the Effects of Power Plants Can Be Reduced leaving public land in between privately owned land.In much of D.How the Problems of the Highways Have Been Settled the West,some of the railroad sections were developed while Passage18(2023·广东) others remained undeveloped,and in both cases the Can dogs and cats live in perfect harmony in the same landownership has presented unique challenges to land manage- home?People who are thinking about adopting a dog as a friend ment.With the completion of the interstate highway system, for their cat are worried that they will fight.A recent research many of the small towns,which sprang up as railway stops and has found a new recipe of success.According to the study,if the developed well,have lost their lifeblood and died. cat is adopted before the dog,and if they are introduced when Big solar plants and their power lines will also have effects still young (less than 6 months for cats,a year for dogs),it is far beyond their direct footprint in the West.This is not an argu- highly probable that the two pets will get along swimmingly. ment against building them.We need alternative energy badly, Two-thirds of the homes interviewed reported a positive relation- and to really take advantage of it we need to be able to move elec- ship between their cat and dog. tricity around far more readily than we can now. However,it wasn't all sweetness and light.There was a re- So trade-offs will have to be made.Some scenic spots will be ported coldness between the cat and dog in 25%of the homes, sacrificed.Some species()will be forced to move,or will be while aggression and fighting were observed in 10%of the carefully moved to special accommodations.Deals will be struck homes.One reason for this is probably that some of their body to reduce the immediate effects. signals were just opposite.For example,when a cat turns its The lasting effects of these trade-offs are another matter. head away it signals aggression,while a dog doing the same sig- The 21st century development of the American West as an ideal nals submission. place for alternative energy is going to throw off a lot of power In homes with cats and dogs living peacefully,researchers and money in the region.There are chances for that power and observed a surprising behavior.They are learning how to talk money to do a lot of good.But it is just as likely that they will be each other's language.It is a surprise that cats can learn how to ·253· talk 'dog',and dogs can learn how to talk 'cat'. but it made no mention of the crossing."I put my complete trust What's interesting is that both cats and dogs have appeared in the device and it led me right into the path of a speeding to develop their intelligence.They can learn how to read each train."she told the BBC. other's body signals,suggesting that the two may have more in Who is to blame here?Rick Stevenson,who tells Ceely's common than we previously suspected.Once familiar with each story in his book When Machines Fail Us,points the finger at other's presence and body language,cats and dogs can play to- the limitations of technology.We put our faith in digital devices, gether,greet each other nose to nose,and enjoy sleeping he says,but our digital helpers are too often not up to the job. together on the sofa.They can easily share the same water bowl They are filled with small problems.And it's not just GPS de- and in some cases groom(梳理)each other. vices:Stevenson takes us on a tour of digital disasters involving The significance of the research on cats and dogs may go be- everything from mobile phones to wireless keyboards. yond pets-to people who don't get along,including neighbors, The problem with his argument in the book is that it's not colleagues at work,and even world superpowers.If cats and clear why he only focuses on digital technology,while there may dogs can learn to get along,surely people have a good chance. be a number of other possible causes.A map-maker might have ()1.The underlined word "swimmingly"in Paragraph 1 is left the crossing off a paper map.Maybe we should blame Ceely for closest in meaning to not paying attention.Perhaps the railway authorities are at fault for A.early poor signalling system.Or maybe someone has studied the relative B.sweetly dangers and worked out that there really is something specific wrong C.quickly with the GPS equipment.But Stevenson doesn't say. D.smoothly It's a problem that runs through the book.In a section on ( )2.Some cats and dogs may fight when cars,Stevenson gives an account of the advanced techniques that A.they are cold to each other criminals use to defeat computer-based locking systems for cars. B.they look away from each other He offers two independent sets of figures on car theft;both C.they misunderstood each other's signals show a small rise in some parts of the country.He says that once D.they are introduced at an early age again not all new locks have proved reliable.Perhaps,but maybe ( )3.What is found surprising about cats and dogs? it's also due to the shortage of policemen on the streets.Or chan- A.They eat and sleep each together. ging social circumstances.Or some combination of these factors. B.They observe each other's behaviors. The game between humans and their smart devices is amus- C.They learn to speak each other's language. ing and complex.It is shaped by economics and psychology and D.They know something from each other's voices. the cultures we live in.Somewhere in the mix of those forces ( )4.It is suggested in Paragraph 4 that cats and dogs there may be a way for a wiser use of technology. A.have common interests If there is such a way,it should involve more than just an B.are less different than was thought awareness of the shortcomings of our machines.After all,we C.have a common body language have lived with them for thousands of years.They have probably D.are less intelligent than was expected been fooling us for just as long. )5.What can we human beings learn from cats and dogs? ( )1.What did Paula Ceely think was the cause of her acci- A.We should learn to live in harmony. dent? B.We should know more about animals. A.She was not familiar with the road. C.We should live in peace with animals. B.It was dark and raining heavily then. D.We should learn more body languages. C.The railway workers failed to give the signal. Passage19(2023·浙江) D.Her GPS device didn't tell her about the crossing. One evening in February 2007,a student named Paula Ceely ( )2.The phrase "near miss"(Paragraph 2)can best be re- brought her car to a stop on a remote road in Wales.She got out placed by to open a metal gate that blocked her path.That's when she A.close hit heard the whistle sounded by the driver of a train.Her Renault B.heavy loss Clio was parked across a railway line.Seconds later,she watched C.narrow escape the train drag her car almost a kilometre down the railway D.big mistake tracks. ( )3.Which of the following would Rick Stevenson most Ceely's near miss made the news because she blamed it on probably agree with? her GPS device(导航仪)，She had never driven the route before. A.Modern technology is what we can't live without. It was dark and raining heavily.Ceely was relying on her GPS, B.Digital technology often falls short of our expecta- ·254· tion. Animal Sciences at the University of lllinois,said,"We now C.Digital devices are more reliable than they used have to treat the forest and savanna elephants as two different u- to be. nits for conservation purpose.Since 1950,all African elephants D.GPS error is not the only cause for Ceely's acci- have been conserved as one species.Now that we know the forest dent. and savanna elephants are two very distinctive animals,the )4.In the writer's opinion,Stevenson's argument is forest elephant should become a bigger priority()for con- A.one-sided servation purposes.” B.reasonable ( )1.One of the fossils studied by the researchers is that of C.puzzling D.well-based A.the Asian elephant ()5.What is the real concern of the writer of this article? B.the forest elephant A.The major causes of traffic accidents and car thefts. C.the savanna elephant B.The relationship between human and technology. D.the mastodon elephant C.The shortcomings of digital devices we use. ( ）2.The underlined word“divergence”in Paragraph4 D.The human unawareness of technical problems. neans“ Passage20(2023·湖南) A.evolution A recent study of ancient and modern elephants has come up B.exhibition with the unexpected conclusion that the African elephant is C.separation divided into two distinct(不同的)species. D.examination The discovery was made by researchers at York and ( )3.The researchers'conclusion was based on a study of the Harvard Universities when they were examining the genetic rela- African elephant's tionship between the ancient woolly mammoth and mastodon to A.DNA modern elephants-the Asian elephant,African forest elephant, B.height and African savanna elephant. C.weight Once they obtained DNA sequences()from two fossils D.population (化石)，mammoths and mastodons,the team compared them ( )4.What are Alfred Roca's words mainly about? with DNA from modern elephants.They found their amazement A.The conservation of African elephants that modern forest and savanna elephants are as distinct from B.The purpose of studying African elephants. each other as Asian elephants and mammoths. C.The way to divide African elephants into two units. The scientists used detailed genetic analysis to prove that D.The reason for the distinction of African elephants. the African savanna elephant and the African forest elephant ( )5.Which of the following can be the best title for the pas- have been distinct species for several million years.The sage? divergence of the two species took place around the time of the A.Naturalists'Beliefs about Elephants divergence of Asian elephants and woolly mammoths.This result B.Amazing Experiments about Elephants amazed all the scientists. C.An Unexpected Finding about Elephants There has long been debate in the scientific community that D.A Long Scientific Debate about Elephants the two might be separate species,but this is the most Passage21(2023·江西) convincing scientific evidence so far that they are indeed different Why should mankind explore space?Why should money, species. time and effort be spent exploring and researching something Previously,many naturalists believed that African savanna with so few apparent benefits?Why should resources be spent on elephants and African forest elephants were two populations of space rather than on conditions and people on Earth?These are the same species,despite the elephants'significant size differ- questions that,understandably,are very often asked. ences.The savanna elephant has an average shoulder height of 3. Perhaps the best answer lies in our genetic makeup(基因构 5 metres while the forest elephant has an average shoulder height as human beings.What drove our ancestors to move from of 2.5 metres.The savanna elephant weights between six and the trees into the plains,and on into all possible areas and envi- seven tons,roughly double the weight of the forest elephant.But ronments?The wider the spread of a species,the better its the fact that they look so different does not necessarily mean they chance of survival.Perhaps the best reason for exploring space is are different species.However,the proo flay in the analysis of this genetic tendency to expand wherever possible. the DNA. Nearly every successful civilization has explored,because by Alfred Roca,assistant professor in the Department of doing so,any dangers in surrounding areas can be identified and ·255· prepared for.Without knowledge,we may be completely de- D.By-products in space exploration. stroyed by the danger.With knowledge,we can lessen its ( )5.Which of the statements can best sum up the passage? effects. A.Space exploration has created many wonders. Exploration also allows minerals and other potential B.Space exploration provides the best value for money. resources to be found.Even if we have no immediate need of C.Space exploration can benefit science and technolo- them,they will perhaps be useful later.Resources may be more gy. than physical possessions.Knowledge or techniques have been D.Space exploration may help us avoid potential prob- acquired through exploration.The techniques may have medical lems on Earth. applications which can improve the length or quality of our lives. Passage22(2023·江苏) We have already benefited from other spin-offs including im- According to the US government,wind farms off the Pacific provements in earthquake prediction,in satellites for weather coast could produce 900 gigawatts of electricity every year.Un- forecasting and in communications systems.Even non-stick pans fortunately,the water there is far too deep for even the tallest and mirrored sunglasses are by-products(副产品）of windmills(see picture to touch bottom.An experiment under technological developments in the space industry way off the coast of Norway,however,could help put them any- While many resources are spent on what seems a small re- where. turn,the exploration of space allows creative,brave and intelli- gent members of our species to focus on what may serve to save us.While space may hold many wonders and explanations of how blade the universe was formed or how it works,it also holds dangers. The danger exists,but knowledge can help human beings to sur- spar vive.Without the ability to reach out across space,the chance to save ourselves might not exist. While Earth is the only planet known to support life,surely Tech to Watch:Deepwater Windmills the adaptive ability of humans would allow us to live on other The project,called Hywind,is the world's first large-scale planets.It is true that the lifestyle would be different,but deepwater wind turbine(涡轮发电机).Although it uses a fairly human life and cultures have adapted in the past and surely could standard 152-ton,2.3-megawatt turbine,Hywind represents to- in the future. tally new technology.The turbine will be fixed 213 feet above the ( )1.Why does the author mention the questions in water on a floating spar (see picture),a technology Hywind's Paragraph 1? creator,the Norwegian company StatoilHydro,has developed A.To express his doubts. recently.The steel spar,which is filled with stones and goes 328 B.To compare different ideas. feet below the sea surface,will be tied to the ocean floor by three C.To introduce points for discussion. cables(缆索)；these will keep the spar stable and prevent the tur D.To describe the conditions on Earth. bine from moving up and down in the waves.Hywind's stability )2.What is the reason for exploring space based on Para (稳定性)in the cold and rough sea would prove that even the graph 2? deepest corners of the ocean are suitable for wind power.If all A.Humans are nature-born to do so. goes according to plan,the turbine will start producing B.Humans have the tendency to fight. electricity six miles off the coast of southwestern Norway as C.Humans may find new sources of food. early as September. D.Humans don't like to stay in the same place. To produce electricity on a large scale,a commercial wind ( )3.The underlined word "spin-offs"in Paragraph 4 proba- farm will have to use bigger turbines than Hywind does,but it's bly refers to difficult enough to balance such a large turbine so high on a float- A.survival chances ing spar in the middle of the ocean.To make that turbine B.potential resources heavier,the whole spar's centre of gravity must be moved much C.unexpected benefits closer to the ocean's surface.To do that,the company plants to D.physical possessions design a new kind of wind turbine,one whose gearbox(变速箱) ( )4.What makes it possible for humans to live on other sits at sea level rather than behind the blades(see picture). planets? Hywind is a test run,but the benefits for perfecting floating A.Our genetic makeup. wind-farm technology could be extremely large.Out at sea,the B.Resources on the earth. wind is often stronger and steadier than close to shore,where all C.The adaptive ability of humans. existing offshore windmills are planted.Deep-sea farms are in- ·256· visible from land,which helps overcome the windmill-as-eyesore jections reached them-because it would have meant hundreds of objection.If the technology catches on,it will open up vast areas lorries a day making loud noise through heavily populated areas. of the planet's surface to one of the best low-carbon power That still leaves the council with a problem.By 2013,only sources available. 50%of 1995 levels of waste will be allowed to be sent to landfill. ()1.The Hywind project uses totally new technology to en- Even if recycling targets are met,there will still be a large a- sure the stability of mount of rubbish to be burnt up.Due to this,Edinburgh and A.the cables which tie the spar to the ocean floor Midlothian councils have now decided to work together to build B.the spar which is floating in deep-sea water an incinerator plant as time to find a solution is fast running out. C.the blades driven by strong and steady sea wind )1.The main way of handling waste in a green manner in D.the stones filled in the spar below the sea surface Edinburgh is )2.To balance a bigger turbine high on a flatting spar,a A.recycling new type of turbine is to be designed with its gearbox B.restoring sitting C.burying A.on the sea floor D.burning B.on the spar top ( )2.The five councils worked out a plan to build an inciner- C.at sea level ator plant to D.behind the blades A.reduce the cost of burying waste ( )3.Wide applications of deepwater wind power technology B.meet the EU requirements can C.speed up waste recycling A.solve the technical problems of deepwater windmills D.replace landfill sites B.make financial profits by producing more turbines )3.The city council of Edinburgh rejected the suggestion C.settle the arguments about environmental problems to open a huge landfill site near Portobello because D.explore low-carbon power resources available at sea Passage23.(2023·湖北) A.it came from a private company In today's throw-away society,dealing with the city's grow- B.the council was not interested in it ing mountain of waste is an increasing challenge for the city C.it was not supported by EU council(市议会). D.the local people were against it Recently,Edinburgh is faced with the problem of disposing ( )4.What is the final decision of Edinburgh and Midlothian of(about 250,000 million tons of waste a year.Despite dif- councils? ferent ways to dispose of much of it in a green manner-largely A.To open a new landfill nearby. through encouraging recycling-its aging facilities such as the B.To close the Powderhall landfill in 2015. Powderhall landfill do not have the ability to deal with it. C.To set up a plant for burning waste. The European Union(EU)has issued a new policy,regula- D.To persuade people to reduce their waste. ting how such mountains of waste are to be disposed of.The five 题源2阅读理解的题型（★★★★★） councils(Edinburgh,East Lothian,West Lothian,Midlothian and Borders)face fines around e18 million a year from 2013 if they Passage1(2023·大纲卷) don't increase recycling levels and rely less on landfill.With this In 1947 a group of famous people from the art world headed in mind,the councils got together with the idea of building a by an Austrian conductor decided to hold an international festival large incinerator plant(垃圾焚烧厂)to burn half of the waste (of music,dance and theatre in Edinburgh.The idea was produced in their districts.But this plan fell apart after the change to reunite Europe after the Second World War. of target levels by a new UK government waste policy which re- It quickly attracted famous names such as Alec Guinness, quired that no more than 25%of the city's waste should be dis- Richard Burton,Dame Margot Fonteyn an Marlenne Dietrich as well posed of in this way by 2025. as the big symphony orchestras(交响乐团).It became a fixed event After the plan was abandoned,a private company which al- every August and now attracts 400,000 people yearly. ready transported millions of tons of the city's waste by train to a At the same time,the“Fringe”appeared as a challenge(挑 landfill site near Dunbar,offered an alternative solution when it to the official festival.Eight theatre groups turned up unin- suggested opening a huge waste site near Portobello. vited in 1947,in the belief that everyone should have the right to Since Powderhall is supposed to close in 2015,it seemed perform,and they did so in a public house disused for years. necessary for the members of the Edinburgh Council to accept Soon,groups of students firstly from Edinburgh the suggestion.But soon they turned it down-after 700 local ob- University,and later from the universities of Oxford and Cam- ·257· bridge,Durham and Birmingham were making the journey to the line.” Scottish capital each summer to perform theatre by little-known Tim took off his clothes and jumped into the water.Every writers of plays in small church halls to the people of Edinburgh. 500 yards or so,he raised his head to judge his progress."At one Today the "Fringe",once less recognized,has far outgrown point,I considered turning back,"he says."I wondered if I was the festival with around 1,500 performances of theatre,music putting my life at risk."After 30 minutes of struggling,he was and dance on every one of the 21 days it lasts.And years early as close enough to yell to the boys,"Take down the umbrella!" 1959,with only 19 theatre groups performing,some said it was Christian made much effort to take down the umbrella. getting too big. Then Tim was able to catch up and climb aboard the boat.He A paid administrator(行政人员)was first employed only in took over rowing,but the waves were almost too strong for him. 1971,and today there are eight administrators working all year “Let's aim for the pier(码头)，”Jack said..Tim turned the round and the number rises to 150 during August itself.In 2004 boat toward it.Soon afterward,waves crashed over the boat, there were 200 places housing 1,695 shows by over 600 different and it began to sink.“Can you guys swim?”he cried.“A little groups from 50 different countries.More than 1.25 million bit.”the boys said. tickets were sold. Once they were in the water,Tim decided it would be safer ()1.What was the purpose of Edinburgh Festival at the be- and faster for him to pull the boys toward the pier.Christian and ginning? Jack were wearing life jackets and floated on their backs.Tim A.To bring Europe together again. swan toward land as water washed over the boys'faces. B.To honor heroes of World War Il. “Are we almost there?”they asked again and again.“Yes.” C.To introduce young theatre groups. Tim told them each time. D.To attract great artists from Europe. After 30 minutes,they reached the pier. )2.Why did some uninvited theatre groups come to Edin- ( )1.Why did the two boys go to the sea? burgh in 1947? A.To go boat rowing. A.They owned a public house there. B.To get back their football. B.They came to take up a challenge. C.To swim in the open water. C.They thought they were also famous. D.To test the umbrella as a sail. D.They wanted to take part in the festival. ( )2.What does“it”in Paragraph2 refer to? ( )3.Who joined the“Fringe”after it appeared? A.The beach. B.The water A.Popular writers. C.The boat. D.The wind. B.University students. ( )3.Why did Tim raise his head regularly? C.Artists from around the world. A.To take in enough fresh air. D.Performers of music and dance. B.To consider turning back or not. ()4.We may learn from the text that Edinburgh Festival C.To check his distance from the boys. D.To ask the boys to take down the umbrella. A.has become a non-official event ( )4.How did the two boys finally reach the pier? B.has gone beyond an art festival A.They were dragged to the pier by Tim. C.gives shows all year round B.They swam to the pier all by themselves D.keeps growing rapidly C.They were washed to the pier by the waves. Passage2(2023·四川) D.They were carried to the pier by Tim on his back. On a sunny day last August,Tim heard some shouting. Passage3(2023·天津) Looking out to the sea carefully,he saw a couple of kids in a Poet William Stafford once said that we are defined more by rowboat were being pulled out to sea. the detours(绕行路)in life that by the narrow road toward Two 12-year-old boys,Christian and Jack,rowed out a boat goals.I like this image.But I was quite by accident that I discov- to search for a football.Once they'd rowed beyond the calm wa- ered the deep meaning of his words. ters,a beach umbrella tied to the boat caught the wind and For years we made the long drive from our home in Seattle pulled the boat into open water.The pair panicked and tried to to my parents'home in Boise in nine hours.We traveled the way row back to shore.But they were no match for it and the boat most people do:the fastest,shortest,easiest road,especially was out of control. when I was alone with four noisy,restless kids who hate con- Tim knew it would soon be swallowed by the waves. finement()and have strong opinions about everything. “Everything went quiet in my head,”Tim recalls(▣t忆).“I Road trips felt risky,so I would drive fast,stopping only was trying to figure out how to swim to the boys in a straight when I had to.We would stick to the freeways and arrive tiredly. ·258· But then Banner,our lamb was born.He was rejected by C.To play a game with them. his mama days before our planned trip to Boise.I had two D.To let them cool down. choices:leave Banner with my husband,or take him with me.My ( )5.What could be the best title for the passage? husband made the decision for me. A.Charm of the Detour That is how I found myself on the road with four kids,a ba- B.The Road to Bravery by lamb and nothing but my everlasting optimism to see me C.Creativity out of Necessity through.We took the country roads out of necessity.We had to D.Road trip and Country Life stop every hour,let Banner shake out his legs and feed him.The Passage4(2023·四川) kids chased him and one another.They'd get back in the car LONDON-A British judge on Thursday sentenced a busi- breathless and energized,smelling fresh from the cold air. nessman who sold fake(假冒的)bomb detectors(探测器)to10 We explored side roads,catching grasshoppers in waist-high years in prison,saying the man hadn't cared about potentially grass.Even if we simply looked out of the car windows at baby deadly consequences. pigs following their mother,or fish leaping out of the water,it It is believed that James MeCormick got about $77.8 was better than the best ride down the freeway.Here was life. million from the sales of his detectors-which were based on a And new horizons(见识). kind of golf ball finder -to countries including Iraq,Belgium We eventually arrived at my parents'doorstep astonishingly and Saudi Arabia. fresh and full of stories. McCormick,57,was convicted of cheats last month I grew brave with the trip back home and creative with my and sentenced Thursday at the Old Bailey court in London. disciplining technique.On an empty section of road,everyone "Your cheating conduct in selling a great amount of useless started quarreling.I stopped the car,ordered all kids out and told equipment simply for huge profit promoted a false sense of secu- them to meet me up ahead.I parked my car half a mile away and rity and in all probability materially contributed to causing death read my book in sweet silence. and injury to innocent people,"Judge Richard Hone told McCor- Some road trips are by necessity fast and straight.But that mick."you have neither regret,nor shame,nor any sense of trip with Banner opened our eyes to a world available to anyon guilt.” adventurous enough to wander around and made me realize that a The detectors,sold for up to $42,000 each,were said to detour may uncover the best part of a journey-and the best part be able to find such dangerous objects as bombs under water and of yourself. from the air.But in fact they "lacked any grounding in science" ()1.Why did the author use to take freeways to her and were of no use. parents'home? McCormick had told the court that he sold his detectors to A.It was less time. the police in Kenya,the prison service in Hong Kong,the army B.It would be faster and safer. in Egypt and the border control in Thailand. C.Her kids would feel less confined. "I never had any bad results from my customers."he said. D.She felt better with other drivers nearby. ()1.Why was McCormick sentenced to prison? ( )2.The author stopped regularly on the country roads to A.He sold bombs. B.He caused death of people. A.relax in the fresh air C.He made detectors. B.take a deep breath D.He cheated in business. C.take care of the lamb ( )2.According to the judge,what McCormick had done D.let the kids play with Banner ( )3.What does the author discover from the trip according A.increased the cost of safeguarding to Paragraph 6? B.lowered people's guard against danger A.Freeways are where beauty hides. C.changed people's idea of social security B.Getting close to nature adds to the joy of life. D.caused innocent people to commit crimes C.Enjoying the beauty of nature benefits one's health. ( )3.Which of the following is true of the detectors? D.One should follow side roads to watch wild ani- A.They have not been sold to Africa. mals. B.They have caused many serious problems. ()4.Why did the author ask the kids to get out of the car C.They can find dangerous objects in water. on their way back home? D.They don't function on the basis of science. A.To give herself some time to read. )4.It can be inferred from the passage that McCormick B.To order some food for them. ·259· A.sold the equipment at a low price WHO's efforts. B.was well-known in most countries )2.Why does the author think that people have no excuse C.did not think he had committed the crime for being overweight? D.had not got such huge profit as mentioned in the text A.A lot of effective diet pills are available. Passage5(2023·湖北) B.Body image has nothing to do with good food. We've reached a strange-some would say unusual-point. C.They have been made fully aware of its dangers. While fighting world hunger continues to be the matter of vital D.There are too many overweight people in the world. importance according to a recent report from the World Health ( )3.The example of Finland is used to illustrate Organization(WHO),more people now die from being over- A.the cause of heart disease weight,or say,from being extremely fat,than from being un- B.the fashion of body shaping derweight.It's the good life that's more likely to kill us these C.the effectiveness of a campaign days. D.the history of a body-conscious country Worse,nearly 18 million children under the age of five around ( )4.Which would be the best title for the passage? the world are estimated to be overweight.What's going on? A.Actions or Excuses? We really don't have many excuses for our weight problems. B.Overweight or Underweight? The dangers of the problem have been drilled into us by public-health C.WHO in a Dilemma campaigns since 2001 and the message is getting through-up to a D.No Longer Dying of Hunger point. Passage6(2023·北京) In the 1970s,Finland,for example,had the highest rate of Wilderness heart disease in the world and being overweight was its main “In wilderness(荒野)is the preservation of the world.”This cause.Not any more.A public-health campaign has greatly re- is a famous saying from a writer regarded as one of the fathers of duced the number of heart disease deaths by 80 per cent over the environmentalism.The frequency with which it is borrowed mir- past three decades. rors a heated debate on environmental protection:whether to Maybe that explains why the percentage of people in Finland place wilderness at the heart of what is to be preserved. taking diet pills doubled between 2001 and 2005,and doctors As John Sauven of Greenpeace UK points out,there is a even offer surgery of removing fat inside and change the shape of strong appeal in images of the wild,the untouched;more than the body.That has become a sort of fashion.No wonder it ranks anything else,they speak of the nature that many people value as the world's most body-conscious country. most dearly.The urge to leave the subject of such images un- We know what we should be doing to lose weight-but ac- touched is strong,and the danger exploitation()brings to tually doing it is another matter.By far the most popular excuse such landscapes()is real.Some of these wildernesses also is not taking enough exercise.More than half of us admit we lack perform functions that humans need-the rainforests,for exam- willpower. ple,store carbon in vast quantities.To Mr.Sauven,these "eco- Others blame good food.They say:it's just too inviting and system services"far outweigh the gains from exploitation. it makes them overeat.Still others lay the blame on the Ameri- Lee Lane,a visiting fellow at the Hudson Institute,takes cans,complaining that pounds have piled on thanks to eating too the opposing view.He acknowledges that wildernesses do much American-style fast food. provide useful services,such as water conservation.But that is Some also blame their parents-their genes.But unfortu- not,he argues,a reason to avoid all human presence,or indeed nately,the parents are wronged because they're normal in commercial and industrial exploitation.There are ever more shape,or rather slim. people on the Earth,and they reasonably and rightfully want to It's a similar story around the world,although people are have better lives,rather than merely struggle for survival.While relatively unlikely to have tried to lose weight.Parents are eager the ways of using resources have improved,there is still a grow to see their kids shape up.Do as I say-not as I do. ing need for raw materials,and some wildernesses contain them )1.What is the "strange"point mentioned in the first sen in abundance.If they can be tapped without reducing the services tence? those wildernesses provide,the argument goes,there is no fur- A.The good life is a greater risk than the bad life. ther reason not to do so.Being untouched is not,in itself,a B.Starvation is taking more people's lives in the characteristic worth valuing above all others. world. I look forward to seeing these views taken further,and to C.WHO report shows people's unawareness of food their being challenged by the other participants.One challenge safety. that suggests itself to me is that both cases need to take on the D.Overweight issue remains unresolved despite question of spiritual value a little more directly.And there is a ·260· practical question as to whether wildernesses can be exploited make-up are just a couple of the special offerings you might find. without harm. Try hands-on science.Visit one of the many hands-on sci- This is a topic that calls for not only free expression of feel- ence museums around the country.These science play-lands are ings,but also the guidance of reason.What position wilderness great fun for kids and grown-ups alike.They'll keep your child should enjoy in the preservation of the world obviously deserves mentally and physically active the whole day through while push- much more serious thinking. ing buttons,experimenting,and building.When everyone is ( )1.John Sauven holds that tired,enjoy a fun family science show,commonly found in these A.many people value nature too much museums. B.exploitation of wildernesses is harmful ()1.If a child is interested in the universe,he probably will C.wildernesses provide humans with necessities visit D.the urge to develop the ecosystem services is strong A.a Youtheater )2.What is the main idea of Para.3? B.an art museum A.The exploitation is necessary for the poor people. C.a natural history museum B.Wildernesses cannot guarantee better use of raw ma- D.a hands-on science museum terials. ( )2.What can kids do at a Youtheater? C.Useful services of wildernesses are not the reason A.Look at rock collections. for no exploitation. B.See dinosaur models. D.All the characteristics concerning the exploitation C.Watch puppet making. should be treated equally. D.Give performances. )3.What is the author's attitude towards this debate? ( )3.What does "hands-on science"mean in the last para- A.Objective. B.Disapproving. graph? C.Sceptical. D.Optimistic. A.Science games designed by kids. )4.Which of the following shows the structure of the pas- B.Learning science by doing things. C.A show of kids'science work. sage? D.Reading science books. CP CP CP )4.Where does this text probably come from? (P P A.A science textbook. B.A tourist map. P (Sp Sp P C.A museum guide. © (C D.A news report. A B C D Passage8(2023·安微) CP:Central Point P:Point Sp:Sub-point(次要点) Why is pink or purple a color for girls and blue or brown for C:Conclusion boys? Passage7(2023·全国I) The answer depends largely on cultural values as well as Are you looking for some new and exciting places to take personal experiences.To the Egyptians,green was a color that your kids(孩于)to?Try some of these places:. represented the hope and joy of spring,while for Muslims,it Visit art museums.They offer a variety of activities to means heaven.Red is a sym bol of good luck in many cultures.In excite your kids'interest.Many offer workshops for making China,children are given money in a red envelope to bring good hand-made pieces,traveling exhibits,book signings by fortune in the New Year.For many nations,blue is a symbol of children's favorite writers,and even musical performances and protection and religious beliefs.Greek people often wear a blue other arts, necklace hoping to protect themselves against evils(). Head to a natural history museum.This is where kids can People's choice of colors is also influenced by their bodies discover the past from dinosaur()models to rock collections reactions()toward them.Green is said to be the most and pictures of stars in the sky.Also,ask what kind of work- restful color.It has the ability to reduce pain and relax people shops and educational programs are prepared for kids and any both mentally and physically.People who work in green environ- special events that are coming up. ments have been found to have fewer stomachaches. Go to a Youtheater.Look for one in your area offering Red can cause a person's blood pressure to rise and increase plays for child and family visitors.Pre-show play shops are con- people's appetites().Many decorators will include different ducted by area artists and educators where kids can discover the shades of red in the restaurant.Similarly,many commercial secret about performing arts.Puppet (making and stage websites will have a red "Buy Now"button because red is a color ·261· that easily catches a person's eye. children,in my imagination." Blue is another calming color.Unlike red,blue can cause Ms.Yates paused and started crying a bit.Then she contin- people to lose appetite.So if you want to eat less,some suggest ued: that eating from blue plates can help. "It was my belief that if I pushed you as hard as I could, The next time you are deciding on what to wear or what col- some of you would succeed to please me and others would or to decorate your room,think about the color carefully. succeed to annoy me.Regardless of our motives,I can see that ( )1.Muslims regard green as a symbol of heaven mainly be- you have all been successful in your chosen path." cause of their "There is no greater comfort for an educator than to see the A.cultural values end result of his or her years of work.You have all been a great B.commercial purposes source of pleasure and pride for me and I want you to know I love C.personal experiences you all from the bottom of my heart. D.physical reactions to the color There was a silence over the crowd for a few seconds and ( )2.Why will many commercial websites have a red "Buy then someone started clapping.The clapping turned into Now”button? cheering,then into a deafening roar().Lawyers,truck driv- A.To relax people physically. ers,bankers and models were rubbing their eyes or crying openly B.To increase people's appetites. with no shame all because of the words from a long forgotten C.To encourage people to make a purchase. English teacher from their hometown. D.To cause a person's blood pressure to rise. ()1.What activity was organized for the school reunion? )3.What color might help lose weight according to the A.Sightseeing in the park. text? B.A picnic on the school playground. A.Red. C.Telling stories about past events. B.Green. D.Graduates'reports in the old building. C.Blue. )2.What can be inferred from Paragraph 2? D.Purple. A.Some graduates were too busy to listen to Ms. ( )4.Which of the following would be the most proper title Yates'speech. for the text? B.Many graduates disliked Ms.Yates'ways of teach- A.Colors and Human Beings ing. B.The Cultural Meaning of Color C.Some people got tired from the reunion activities. C.Colors and Personal Experiences D.Most people had little interest in the reunion D.The Meaning and Function of Color ( )3.We can learn from Ms.Yates'speech that she Passage9(2023·天津) A.kept track of her students'progress Barditch High School decided to have an All-School B.gave her students advice on their careers Reunion.Over 450 people came to the event.There were tours of C.attended her students'college graduations the old school building and a picnic at Confederate Park.Several D.went to her students'wedding ceremonies former teachers were on hand to tell stories about the old days. )4.What was Ms.Yates'belief in teaching teenagers? Ms.Mabel Yates,the English teacher for over fifty years,was A.Teachers'knowledge is the key to students' wheeled to the Park. achievements. Some eyes rolled and there were a few low groans ( B.Pressure on students from teachers should be re- when Ms.Yates was about to speak.Many started looking at duced. their watches and coming up with excuses to be anywhere instead C.Hard-pushed students are more likely to succeed. of preparing to listen to a lecture from an old woman who had D.Students'respect is the best reward for teachers. few kind words for her students and made them work harder )5.Which of the following can best describe Ms.Yates? than all the other teachers combined. A.Reliable and devoted. Then Ms.Yates started to speak: B.Tough and generous. "I can't tell you how pleased I am to be here.I haven't seen C.Proud but patient. many of you since your graduation,but I have followed your ca- D.Strict but caring. reers and enjoyed your victories as well as crying for your trage- Passage10(2023·湖北) dies.I have a large collection of newspaper photographs of my How is it that siblings(兄弟姐妹)can turn out so different students.Although I haven't appeared in person,I have attended ly?One answer is that in fact each sibling grows up in a different your college graduations,weddings and even the births of your family.The firstborn is,for a while,an only child,and therefore ·262· has a completely different experience of the parents than those )4.The word“feminine"(in Para.4)means“ born later.The next child is,for a while,the youngest,until the A.having qualities of parents situation is changed by a new arrival.The mother and father B.having qualities of women themselves are changing and growing up,too.One sibling might C.having defensive qualities live in a stable and close family in the first few years;another D.having extraordinary qualities might be raised in a family crisis,with a disappointed mother or Passage11(2023·全国I) an angry father. Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember Sibling competition was identified as an important shaping something they learned as children but have never practiced ever force as early as in 1918.But more recently,researchers have since.A man who has not had a chance to go swimming for years found many ways in which brothers and sisters are a lasting force can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water.He in each others'lives.Dr.Annette Henderson says firstborn chil- can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away.He can dren pick up vocabulary more quickly than their siblings.The play and catch and hit a ball as well as his son.A mother who reason for this might be that the later children aren't getting the has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter same one-on-one time with parents.But that doesn't mean that the poem that begins "Twinkle,twinkle,little star"or the younger children have problems with language development. remember the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the Three Later-borns don't enjoy that much talking time with parents,but Bears. instead they harvest lessons from bigger brothers and sisters, One explanation is the law of overlearning,which can be learning entire phrases and getting an understanding of social stated as follows:Once we have learned something,additional concepts such as the difference between“I"and“me”. learning trials increase the length of time we will remember it. A Cambridge University study of 140 children found that In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as siblings created a rich world of play that helped them grow so- swimming,bicycle riding,and playing baseball long after we cially.Love-hate relationships were common among the children. have learned them.We continue to listen to and remind ourselves Even those siblings who fought the most had just as much posi- of words such as "Twinkle,twinkle,little star"and childhood tive communication as the other sibling pairs. tales such as Cinderella and Goldilocks.We not only learn but One way children seek more attention from parents is by overlearn. making themselves different from their siblings,particularly if The multiplication tables(乘法口诀表)are an exception to they are close in age.Researchers have found that the first two the general rule that we forget rather quickly the things that we children in a family are typically more different from each other learn in school,because they are another of the things we overl- than the second and third.Girls with brothers show their differ- earn in childhood. ences to a maximum degree by being more feminine than girls The law of overlearning explains why cramming(突击学习) with sisters.A 2003 research paper studied adolescents from 185 for an examination,though it may result in a passing grade,is families over two years,finding that those who changed to make not a satisfactory way to learn a college course.By cramming,a themselves different from their siblings were successful in in- student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the exam- creasing the amount of warmth they gained from their parents. ination,but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he ( )1.The underlined part "in a different family"(in Para.1) learned.A little overlearning,on the other hand,is really neces- neans“ ” sary for one's future development. A.in a different family environment ( )1.What is the main idea of paragraph 1? B.in a different family tradition A.People remember well what they learned in child- C.in different family crisis hood. D.in different families B.Children have a better memory than grown-ups. ( )2.In terms of language development,later-borns C.Poem reading is a good way to learn words. A.get their parents'individual guidance D.Stories for children are easy to remember. B.learn a lot from their elder siblings ( )2.The author explains the law of overlearning by C.experience a lot of difficulties A.presenting research findings D.pick up words more quickly B.setting down general rules )3.What was found about fights among siblings? C.making a comparison A.Siblings hated fighting and loved playing. D.using examples B.Siblings in some families fought frequently. )3.According to the author,being able to use multiplication ta- C.Sibling fights led to bad sibling relationships. bles is D.Siblings learned to get on together from fights. A.a result of overlearning ·263· B.a special case of cramming C.it was cheaper to create energy from wind C.a skill to deal with math problems D.the supply of coal and gas failed to meet needs D.a basic step towards advanced studies )4.What would the author probably discuss in the para- ( )4.What does the word "they"in Paragraph 4 refer to? graph that follows? A.Commonly accepted rules. A.The advantages of wind power. B.The multiplication tables. B.The design of wind power plants. C.Things easily forgotten. C.The worldwide movement to save energy. D.School subjects. D.The global trend towards producing power from ( )5.What is the author's opinion on cramming? wind. A.It leads to failure in college exams. Passage13.(2023·天津) B.It's helpful only in a limited way. Homestay provides English language students with the op- C.It's possible to result in poor memory. portunity to speak English outside the classroom and the experi- D.It increases students'learning interest. ence of being part of a British home. Passage12(2023·安微) What to Expect Think about the different ways that people use the wind. The host will provide accommodation and meals.Rooms You can use it to fly a kite or to sail a boat.Wind is one of our will be cleaned and bedcovers changed at least once a week.You cleanest and richest power sources(来源)，as well as one of the will be given the house key and the host is there to offer help and oldest.Evidence shows that windmills()began to be used in advice as well as to take an interest in your physical and mental ancient Iran back in the seventh century BC.They were first in- health. troduced to Europe during the 1100s,when armies returned Accommodation Zones from the Middle East with knowledge of using wind power. Homestays are located in London mainly in Zones 2,3 and 4 For many centuries,people used windmills to grind() of the transport system.Most hosts do not live in the town wheat into flour or pump water from deep underground.When centre as much of central London is commercial and not residen- electricity was discovered in the late 1800s,people living in re- tial(居住的).Zones3and4 often offer larger accommodation in mote areas began to use them to produce electricity.This allowed a less crowned area.It is very convenient to travel in London by them to have electric lights and radio.However,by the 1940s Underground. when electricity was available to people in almost all areas of the Meal Plans Available United States,windmills were rarely used. Continental Breakfast During the 1970s,people started becoming concerned about ◇Breakfast and Dinner the pollution that is created when coal and gas are burned to pro- Breakfast,Packed Lunch and Dinner duce electricity.People also realized that the supply of coal and gas It's important to note that few English families still provide would not last forever.Then,wind was rediscovered,though it a traditional cooked breakfast.Your accommodation includes means higher costs.Today,there is a global movement to supply Continental Breakfast which normally consists of fruit juice, more and more of our electricity through the use of wind. cereal(谷物类食品)，bread and tea or coffee,Cheese,fruit and ()1.From the text we know that windmills cold meat are not normally part of a Continental Breakfast in A.were invented by European armies England.Dinners usually consist of meat or fish with vegetables B.have a history of more than 2,800 years followed by desert,fruit and coffee. C.used to supply power to radio in remote areas Friends D.have rarely been used since electricity was discov- If you wish to invite a friend over to visit,you must first ered ask your host's permission.You have no right to entertain friends ( )2.What was a new use for wind power in the late 19th in a family home as some families feel it is an invasion of their century? privacy. A.Sailing a boat. Self-Catering Accommodation in Private Homes B.Producing electricity. Accommodation on a room-only basis includes shared C.Grinding wheat into flour. kitchen and bathroom facilities and often a main living room. D.Pumping water from underground. This kind of accommodation offers an independent lifestyle and is ( )3.One of the reasons wind was rediscovered in the 1970s more suitable for the long-stay student.However,it does not is that provide the same family atmosphere as an ordinary homestay and A.wind power is cleaner may not benefit those who need to practise English at home quite B.it is one of the oldest power sources as much. ·264· ( )1.The passage is probably written for_ rience.When we reached 13,000 feet,Jay instructed me to A.host willing to receive foreign students throw myself out of the plane.When we first hit the air,the B.foreigners hoping to build British culture wind was so strong that I could hardly breathe.For a second I C.travellers planning to visit families in London thought,"What have I gotten myself into?"But then everything D.English learners applying to live in English homes got calmer.We were in a free fall for about a minute before Jay ( )2.Which of the following will the host provide? opened the parachute(降落伞)，then we just floated downward A.Room cleaning. for about five minutes.Being up in the clouds and looking at the B.Medical care. view below was unlike anything I have ever felt-much better C.Free transport. than the hot air ballon.I was just enjoying it. D.Physical training. Skydiving was really one of the greatest experiences of my ()3.What can be inferred from Paragraph 3? life.I hope other people will look at me and realize that you don't A.Zone 4 is more crowded than Zone 2. stop living just because you are 84 years old.If there's something B.The business centre of London is in Zone 1. you want to experience,look into it.If it's something that is pos- C.Hosts dislike travelling to the city centre. sible,make it happen. D.Accommodation in the city centre is not provided. ()1.What happened to the author in 2001? ( )4.According to the passage.What does Continental Break A.She flew an airplane. -fast include？ B.She entered a competition. A.Dessert and coffee. C.She went on a hot air balloon ride B.Fruit and vegetables. D.She moved into a retirement community. C.Bread and fruit juice. ( )2.The author mentioned George Bush Sr.in her essay to D.Cereal and cold meat. ( )5.Why do some people choose self-catering accommoda- A.build up her own reputation tion? B.show her admiration for him A.To experience a warmer family atmosphere. C.compare their health condition B.To enrich their knowledge of English. D.make her argument persuasive C.To entertain friends as they like. ( )3.How did the author feel immediately after she jumped D.To enjoy much more freedom. out of the plane? Passage14(2023·北京) A.Excited. “I Went Skydiving at84！” B.Scared. As a young girl growing up in the 1930s,I always wanted to C.Nervous. fly a plane,but back then it was almost unheard of for a woman D.Regretful. to do that.I got a taste of that dream in 2001,when my husband ( )4.What did the author enjoy most when she was skydiv- arranged for me to ride in a hot air balloon for my birthday.But ing? the experience turned out to be very dull.Around that time,I A.The beautiful clouds. told my husband that I wanted to skydive.So when our B.The wonderful view. retirement community()announced that they were having an C.The company of Jay. essay competition and the topic was an experience of a lifetime D.The one-minute free fall. that you wanted to have,I decided to write about my dream. Passage15(2023·全国Ⅱ) In the essay,I wrote about my desire to skydive,stating The way we do things round here George Bush Sr.did it at age 80.Why not me?I was just 84 and Some years ago,I was hired by an American bank.I in pretty good health.A year went by and I heard nothing.But received a letter from the head of the Personnel Department that then at a community party in late April 2009,they announced started,"Dear John,I am quite pleased that you have decided to that I was one of the winners.I just couldn't believe it.Inspired join us..”That“quite”saddened me.I thought he was saying by this,I decided to realize my dream,even though some of my "we're kind of pleased you decided to join us although I wish we family members and my doctor were against it. had hired someone else."Then I discovered that in American On June 11,2009,nearly 40 of my family and friends gath- English“quite”sometimes means“very”,while in British ered in the area close to where I would land while I headed up in English it means“fairly'”. the airplane.My instructor,Jay,guided me through the experi- So the first lesson about working in other countries is to ence.The plane was the noisiest one I had ever been in,but I learn the language and by that I don't just mean the words people wasn't frightened-I was really just looking forward to the expe- speak.It is body language,dress,manners,ideas and so on.The ·265· way people do things highlights many of the differences we see this matter that she's developed a course on the topic.In addition between cultures(文化). to learning“who”invented“what”,however,McLean also likes Some of these differences may be only on the surface- her students to learn the answers to the“why”and“how'ques- dress,food and hours of work-while others may be deeper and tions.According to McLean,"When students learn the answers take longer to deal with.Mostly,it is just a question of getting to these questions,they are better prepared to recognize oppor- used to the differences and accepting them,like the climate( tunities for inventing and more motivated to give inventing 候)，while getting on with business. atry.” Some of the differences may be an improvement.People are Her students agree.One young man with a patent for an un- more polite;the service is better;you ask for something to be breakable umbrella is walking proof of McLean's statement."If I done and it happens without having to ask again.However,other had not heard the story of the windshield wiper's invention," differences can be troubling,like punctuality()If you invite said Tommy Lee,a senior physics major."I never would have people to a party at 7 o'clock your guests will consider it polite to dreamed of turning my bad experience during a rainstorm into turn up exactly on time in Germany,five minutes early in the A- something so constructive."Lee is currently negotiating to sell merican Midwest,an hour early in Japan.15 minutes his patent to an umbrella producer. a fterwards in the UK,up to an hour afterwards in Italy and So,just what is the story behind the windshield wiper? some time in the evening in Greece.I prefer not to use the word Well,Mary Anderson came up with the idea in 1902 after a visit "late"because there is nothing wrong with the times people ar- to New York City.The day was cold and stormy,but Anderson rive.It is simply the accepted thing to do in their own country. still wanted to see the sights,so she jumped aboard a streetcar. ( )1.The author was unhappy as mentioned in Paragraph 1 Noticing that the driver was struggling to see through the snow because he thought covering the windshield,she found herself wondering why there A.the American bank didn't think much of him couldn't be a built-in device for cleaning the window.Still won- B.the American bank might hire another person dering about this when she returned home to Birmingham,Ala- C.it's difficult to get used to American culture bama,Anderson started drafting out solutions.One of her ideas, D.it's easy to misunderstand Americans a lever(操作杆)on the inside of a vehicle that would control an ( )2.The word"highlights"in Paragraph 2 probably means arm on the outside,became the first windshield wiper. Today we benefit from countless inventions and innovations. A.encourages It's hard to imagine driving without Garrett A.Morgan's traffic B.helps to narrow light.It's equally impossible to picture a world without Katherine C.increases J.Blodgett's innovation that makes glass invisible.Can you D.draws attention to picture life without clear windows and eyeglasses? ( )3.According to the author,what should we do with most ()l.By mentioning“traffic light”and“windshield wiper”,the cultural differences? author indicates that countless inventions are A.Ask the native people for help. A.beneficial,because their inventors are famous B.Understand and accept them. B.beneficial,though their inventors are less famous C.Do things in our own way. C.not useful,because their inventors are less famous D.Do in-depth research. D.not useful,though their inventors are famous )4.When invited to a party the people who are usually ( )2.Professor Joan McLean's course aims to Punctual are A.add colour and variety to students'campus life A.Italians B.inform students of the windshield wiper's invention B.Germans C.carry out the requirements by Mountain University C.Greeks D.prepare students to try their own inventions D.the British )3.Tommy Lee's invention of the unbreakable umbrella Passage16(2023·江苏) was We know the famous ones-the Thomas Edison and the Al- A.not eventually accepted by the umbrella producer exander Graham Bells-but what about the less famous B.inspired by the story behind the windshield wiper inventors?What about the people who invented the traffic light C.due to his dream of being caught in a rainstorm and the windshield wiper(雨刮器)？Shouldn't we know who D.not related to Professor Joan McLean's lectures they are? )4.Which of the following can best serve as the title of this Joan McLean thinks so.In fact,McLean,a professor of passage? physics at Mountain University in Range,feels so strongly about A.How to Help Students to Sell Their Inventions to ·266· Producers? years. B.How to Design a Built-in Device for Cleaning the B.It's hard for people to appreciate Blues. Window? C.It costs people a little to fill up their cups from C.Shouldn't We Know Who Invented the Windshield water stations. Wiper? D.People have to pay $2 for a plate of food. D.Shouldn't We Develop Invention Courses in Univer- ( )3.We can learn from the passage that sities? A.people can get tickets easily for the festival Passage17(2023·福建) B.the Edmonton Folk Music Festival is well organized For five days,Edmonton's Downtown Park is transformed C.driving one's own car to the festival is highly recom- into one huge stage where artists are able to share their talents, mended and where people are able to celebrate and enjoy themselves. D.bikes are available at the festival from Wednesday Since its beginning in 1980,the Edmonton Folk Music Festival to Sunday has been commemorating (the true feeling of what folk ( )4.What would be the best title for the passage? music is all about and that's the traditional togetherness ( A.Folk Music of Blues that is felt when people gather to share stories and feelings B.One Festival for All through song. C.Festival for Family Gathering This year will be the sixth year when volunteer Riedel will D.Edmonton's Downtown Park be offering up her time to the festival."People coming off a busy Passage18(2023·辽宁) spring and summer have a moment of relaxation,"Riedel said. Many people believe Henry Ford invented the automobile "It's really easy to relax,and it's great seeing family and friends ()But Henry Ford did not start to build his first car until have fun together."These families and friends come from all dif- 1896.That was eleven years after two Germans developed the ferent kinds of musical tastes.People who take pleasure in Blues world's first automobile.Many people believe Henry Ford inven- are there,so are people who love Bluegrass.This festival does its ted the production line that moved a car's parts to the worker, best to develop everyone's musical interests. instead of making the worker move to the parts.That is not With so many years of experience.the festival has become a true,either.Many factory owners used methods of this kind be- well-oiled machine,and does whatever it can to make attendees fore Ford.What Henry Ford did was to use other people's ideas feel as comfortable as possible.There are free water stations and make them better.And he made the whole factory a moving throughout the venue(举办地)for people to fill up their travel production line. cups.When people buy food,reusable dishes are given a $2 In the early days of the automobile,almost every car maker plate fee,but that is returned when the plate is brought back. raced his cars.It was the best way of gaining public notice. The festival has completely sold out of tickets,and in record Henry Ford decided to build a racing car.Ford's most famous time.But with big names such as Van Morrison and Jakob race was his first one.It was also the last race in which he drove Dylan,it's easy to see how that was going to happen.There is no the car himself. parking area during the festival,so using the Park &Ride The race was in 1901,at a field near Detroit.All of the system or Edmonton Transit is highly recommended.A bike most famous cars had entered,but only two were left:the Win- lock-up area is provided and will be available Thursday until Sun- ton and Ford's.The Winton was famous for its speed.Most peo- day one hour before the gates open until 45 minutes after the ple thought the race was over before it began. gates close. The Winton took an early lead.But halfway through the The Edmonton Folk Music Festival begins on Wednesday, race,it began to lose power.Ford started to gain.And near the Aug.4 with Van Morrison playing the special donation fund( end of the race,he took the lead.Ford won the race and defeated concert,and will finish up on Sunday,Aug.8. the Winton.His name appeared in newspapers and he became ( )1.The Edmonton Folk Music Festival is held mainly to well-known all over the United States.Within weeks of the race, Henry Ford formed a new automobile company.In the 1903,a A.gather people with different musical tastes doctor in Detroit bought the first car from the company.That B.remind people of the real sense of folk music sale was the beginning of Henry Ford's dream.Ford said:"I will C.exhibit the good voices of great talents in folk music build a motor car for the great mass of people.It will be large D.collect old stories of folk music enough for the family,but small enough for one person to ( )2.Which of the following is TRUE according to the pas- operate and care for.It will be built of the best materials.It will sage? be built by the best men to be employed.And it will be built with A.Riedel has volunteered for the festival for at least 5 the simplest plans that modern engineering can produce.It will ·267· be so low in price that no man making good money will be unable use of pretty pictures and expressions easy to remember. to own one."” Near the end of the nineteenth century,companies that were The Model T was a car of that kind.It only cost 850.It devoted to the production of ads came to be known as was a simple machine that drivers could depend on.Doctors “advertising agencies(广告商)”.The agencies developed new bought the Model T.So did farmers.Even criminals.They con- ways to get people to think of themselves as members of a group. sidered it the fastest and surest form of transportation. Throughout the twentieth century,advertising agencies Americans loved the Model T.They wrote stories and songs promoted consumerism(消费主义)as a way of life,spreading about it.Thousands of Model Ts were built in the first few the belief that people could be happy only if they bought the years. “right'”products.. ()1.What do we know about Henry Ford from Paragraph 1? ()1.What was advertising like in the Middle Ages? A.He made good use of ideas from others. A.Merchants were employed to promote products. B.He produced the first car in the world. B.Ad messages were shouted out in public places. C.He knew how to improve auto parts. C.Product information was included in books. D.He invented the production line. D.Ad signs were put up in towns. )2.Why did Henry Ford take part in the 1901 car race? ( )2.What does the word "This"in Paragraph 2 refer to? A.To show off his driving skills. A.Advertising in newspapers. B.To draw public attention. B.Including pictures in ads. C.To learn about new technology. C.Selling goods in markets. D.To raise money for his new company. D.Working with ad agencies. ( )3.“That sale”in Paragraph4 refers to ( )3.The 18th century advertising was special in its A.the selling of Ford cars at reduced prices A.growing spending B.the sale of Model T to the mass of people B.printing materials C.the selling of a car to a Detroit doctor C.advertising companies D.the sales target for the Ford Company D.attractive designs ()4.What was Henry Ford's dream according to the text? ( )4.Which of the following might be the best title for the A.Producing cars for average customers. text？ B.Building racing cars of simple design. A.The Story of Advertising C.Designing more car models. B.The Value of Advertising Designs D.Starting more companies. C.The Role of Newspaper Advertising Passage19(2023·全国I) D.The Development of Printing for Advertising The word advertising refers to any kind of public announce- Passage20(2023·福建) ment that brings products and services to the attention of people. The internet will open up new vistas(前景)，create the Throughout history,advertising has been an effective way to global village-you can make new friends all around the world. promote()the trading and selling of goods.In the Middle That,at least,is what it promised us.The difficulty is that it Ages,merchants employed "town criers"to read public messages a- did not take the human mind into account.The reality is that we loud to promote their goods.When printing was invented in the fif- cannot keep relationships with more than a limited number of teenth century,pages of advertisements (ads)could be printed easily people.No matter how hard the internet tries to put you in com- and were either hung in public places or put in books. munication,its best efforts will be defeated by your mind. By the end of the seventeenth century,when newspapers The problem is twofold(双重的).First,there is a limit on were beginning to be read by more people,printed materials be- the number of people we can hold in mind and have a meaningful came an important way to promote products and services.The relationship with.That number is about 150 and is set by the size London Gazette was the first newspaper to set aside a place just of our brain.Second,the quality of your relationships depends on for advertising.This was so successful that by the end of the the amount of time you invest (in them.We invest a lot in a century several companies started business for the purpose of small number of people and then distribute what's left among as making newspaper ads for merchants. many others as we can.The problem is that if we invest little time in Advertising spread quickly throughout the eighteenth a person,our engagement with that person will decline (until century.Ad writers were starting to pay more attention to the eventually it dies into“someone I once knew”. design of the ad text.Everything,from clothes to drinks,was This is not,of course,to say that the internet doesn't serve promoted with clever methods such as repetition of the firm's a socially valuable function.Of course it does.But the question is name or product,words organized in eye-catching patterns,the not that it allows you to increase the size of your social circle to ·268· include the rest of the world,but that you can keep your rela- the Internet.For example,many companies now have to invest tionships with your existing friends going even though you have (a lot of money in information technology and staff to move to the other side of the world. training in order to cope with the "phone rage"-caused by In one sense,that's a good thing.But it also has a disadvan- delays in answering calls,being cut off in mid-conversation or tage.If you continue to invest in your old friends even though left waiting for long periods. you can no longer see them,then certainly you aren't using your "Many people do not like talking to machines,"says Dr. time to make new friends where you now live.And I suspect that Storey,Senior Lecturer in Marketing at City University Business probably isn't the best use of your time.Meaningful relationships School."Banks,for example,encourage staff at call centers to are about being able to communicate with each other,face to use customer data to establish instant and good relationship with face.The internet will slow down the rate with which relation- them.The aim is to make the customer feel they know you and ships end,but it won't stop that happening eventually. that you can trust them-the sort of comfortable feelings people ( )1.What is stressed in the first paragraph? have during face-to-face chats with their local branch manager." A.The present situation of the internet. Recommended ways of creating customer delight include: B.The difficulty in communication on the internet. under-promising and over-delivering(saying that a repair will be C.The socially valuable function of the internet. carried out within five hours,but getting it done within two); D.The role of the human mind in the internet commu replacing a faulty product immediately;throwing in a gift nication. voucher(购物礼券)as an unexpected“thank you”to regular ( )2.The underlined word "engagement"in the second para customers;and always returning calls,even when they are com- graph probably means“ plaints. A.appointment B.connection Aiming for customer delight is all very well,but if services C.interview D.agreement do not reach the high level promised,disappointment or worse )3.According to the passage,the author holds the view will be the result.This can be eased by offering an apology and that an explanation of why the service did not meet usual standards A.the internet fails to play so valuable a role in com- with empathy(for example,"I know how you must feel"),and munication as it promised possible solutions replacement,compensation or whatever B.the internet determines the quality of social rela- fairness suggests best meets the case). tionships Airlines face some of the toughest challenges over customer C.the internet greatly increases the size of social cir- care.Fierce competition has convinced them that delighting pas- cles sengers is an important marketing tool,while there is great po- D.the internet communication is no less effective than tential for customer anger over delays caused by weather,un- the face-to-face talk claimed luggage and technical problems. ( )4.What is the author's attitude towards the use of the in- For British Airways staff,a winning telephone style is con- ternet to strengthen relationships? sidered vital in handling the large volume of calls about bookings A.He is uncertain about it. and flight times.They are trained to answer quickly,with their B.He is hopeful of it. name,job title and a "we are here to help"attitude.The C.He approves of it. company has invested heavily in information technology to make D.He doubts it. sure that information is available instantly on screen. Passage21(2023·浙江) British Airways also says its customer care policies are ap- In the more and more competitive service industry,it is no plied within the company and staff are taught to regard each longer enough to promise customer satisfaction.Today, other as customers requiring the highest standards of service. customer"delight"is what companies are trying to achieve in or- Customer care is obviously here to stay and it would be a der to keep and increase market share. foolish company that used slogans such as "we do as we please". It is accepted in the marketing industry,and confirmed by a On the other hand,the more customers are promised,the number of researchers,that customers receiving good service greater the risk of disappointment. will promote business by telling up to 12 other people;those ()1.We can learn from Paragraph 2 that treated badly will tell their tales of woe to up to 20 people.Inter- A.complaining customers are hard to satisfy estingly,80 percent of people who feel their complaints are han- B.unsatisfied customers receive better service dled fairly will stay loyal. C.satisfied customers catch more attention New challenges for customer care have come when people D.well-treated customers promote business can obtain goods and services through telephone call centers and ( )2.The writer mentions "phone rage"(Paragraph 3)to ·269· show that more nutritious food,more convenient transport,bigger houses, A.customers often use phones to express their anger better cars,and of course,more pounds and dollars than any B.people still prefer to buy goods online who lived before us.This will continue as long as we use these C.customer care becomes more demanding things to make other things.The more we specialize and ex- D.customers rely on their phones to obtain services change,the better off we'll be. )3.What does the writer recommend to create customer 2)Brilliant advances delight? One reason we are richer,healthier,taller,cleverer, A.Calling customers regularly. longer-lived and freer than ever before is that the four most basic B.Giving a“thank you”note. human needs-food,clothing,fuel and shelter-have grown a C.Delivering a quicker service. lot cheaper.Take one example.In 1800 a candle providing one D.Promising more gifts. hour's light cost six hours'work.In the 1880s the same light ( )4.If a manager should show his empathy(Paragraph 6), from an oil lamp took 15 minutes'work to pay for.In 1950 it what would be probably say? was eight seconds.Today it's half second. A.“I know how upset you must be.” 3)Let's not kill ourselves for climate change B.“I appreciate your understanding.” Mitigating climate change could prove just as dama- C.“I'm sorry for the delay..” ging to human welfare as climate change itself.A child that dies D.“I know it's our fault.” from indoor smoke in a village,where the use of fossil-fuel( ( )5.Customer delight is important for airlines because electricity is forbidden by well-meaning members of green political movements trying to save the world,is just as great a A.their telephone style remains unchanged tragedy as a child that dies in a flood caused by climate change.If B.they are more likely to meet with complaints climate change proves to be mild,but cutting carbon causes real C.the services cost them a lot of money pain,we may well find that we have stopped a nose-bleed by D.the policies can be applied to their staff putting a tourniquet(止血带)around our necks, ( )6.Which of the following is conveyed in this article? ( )1.What is the theme of Ridley's most recent book? A.Face-to-face service creates comfortable feelings A.Weakness of human nature. among customers. B.Concern about climate change. B.Companies that promise more will naturally attract C.Importance of practical thinking. more customers. D.Optimism about human progress. C.A company should promise less but do more in a ( )2.How does Ridley look at shopping? competitive market. A.It encourages the creation of things. D.Customer delight is more important for airlines than B.It results in shortage of goods. for banks. C.It demands more fossil fuels. Passage22(2023·湖北) D.It causes a poverty problem. Feeling blue about the world？“Cheer up,”says science ( )3.The candle and lamp example is used to show that writer Matt Ridley."The world has never been a better place to live in,and it will keep on getting better both for humans and for A.oil lamps give off more light than candles nature.” B.shortening working time brings about a happier life Ridley calls himself a rational optimist-rational,because C.advanced technology helps to produce better candles he's carefully weighed the evidence;optimistic,because that evi- D.increased production rate leads to lower cost dence shows human progress to be both unavoidable and good. of goods And this is what he's set out to prove from a unique point of ( )4.What does the last sentence of the passage imply? view in his most recent book.The Rational Optimist.He views A.Cutting carbon is necessary in spite of the huge mankind as a grand enterprise that,on the whole,has done little cost. but progress for 100,000 years.He backs his finding with hard B.Overreaction to climate change may be dangerous. facts gathered through years of research. C.People's health is closely related to climate change Here's how he explains his views. D.Careless medical treatment may cause great pain. 1)Shopping fuels invention Passage23.(2023·湖北) It is reported that there are more than ten billion different Which are you more likely to have with you at any given products for sale in London alone.Even allowing for the many moment-your cell phone or your wallet?Soon you may be able people who still live in poverty,our own generation has access to to throw your wallet away and pay for things with a quick wave ·270· of your smart phone over an electronic scanner. A.Stop the functioning of their phones. In January,Starbucks announced that customers could start B.Set up a password. using their phones to buy coffee in 6,800 of its stores.This is the C.Get all the money out of their phones. first pay-by-phone practice in the U.S.,but we're likely to see D.Cancel large purchases. more wireless payment alternatives as something called near field Passage24(2023·浙江) communication(NFC)gets into America's consumer electronics. Below is a page adapted from an English dictionary. Last December,some new smart phones which contain an NFC Important words to learn:Essential 1 Improver chip were introduced to the public. Advanced Already in use in parts of Asia and Europe,NFC allows pump/pAmp/ shoppers to wave their phones a few inches above a payment ter- noun CJ DEVICE1 a piece of equipment which is minal-a contact-free system built for speed and convenience. used to cause liquid,air or gas to move from one place to But before NFC becomes widely adopted in the U.S.,a few another:a water/bicycle/fuel pump O a UK petrol/US problems need to be worked out,like who will get to collect the gas pump SHOE 2 [USUALLY PLURAL]US (UK profitable transaction (fees.Although some credit card court shoe)a type of plain shoe with a raised HEEL and no providers have been experimenting with wave-and-pay systems way of fastening it to the foot which is worn by women 3 that use NFC enabled credit cards,cellphone service providers [USUALLY PLURAL]a type of flat shoe,like a may try to muscle their way into the point-of-sale(POS)market. BALLET dancer's shoe,which is worn by women 4 [U- Three big cellphone service providers have formed a joint venture SUALLY PLURAL]UK a flat shoe made of heavy cloth, (合资企业)that will go into operation over the next 15 months. which is worn by children for doing sports Its goal is"to lead the U.S.payments industry from cards to mo- verb LIQUID/GAS1 [USUALLY+ADV/PREP]to bile phones..” force liquid or gas to move somewhere:Our latest machine The other big NFC issue,apart from how payments will be can pump a hundred gallons a minute.O The new wine processed,is security,For instance,what's to stop a thief from dig- is pumped into storage tanks.O The heart pumps blood itally pickpocketing you?"We're still not at the point where an at- through the arteries /round the body.INFORMATION2 tacker can just brush against you in a crowd and steal all the money [T INFORMAL to keep asking someone for information, out of your phone,"says Jimmy Shah.A mobilesecurity researcher, especially in a way that is not direct:She was pum ping "Users may also be able to set transaction limits,perhaps requiring a me for details of the new project. password to be entered for larger purchases." idioms pump sb's hand to SHAKE someone's hand ( hold their hand and move it up and down,especially in Still uneasy about this digital-wallet business?Keep in mind order to greet them).pump iron INFORMAL to lift that if you lose your smart phone,it can be located on a map and heavy weights for exercise:These days both men and remotely disabled.Plus,your phone can be password protected. women pump iron for fitness. Your wallet isn't. phrasal verbs pump sth.into sth.to spend a lot of money ()1.What is predicted to happen in the U.S.? trying to make something operate successfully:They had A.The expansion of cellphone companies. been pum ping money into the business for some years with- B.The boom of pay-by-phone business. out seeing any results. C.The disappearance of credit cards. pump sth.out [M]REMOVE 1 to remove water or other D.The increase of Starbucks sales, liquid from something using a pump:We took turns pum- )2.The NFC technology can be used to ping out the boat.PRODUCE2 INFORMAL DISAP A.ensure the safety of shoppers PROVING to produce words or loud music in a way B.collect transaction fees easily C.make purchase faster and simpler D.improve the quality of cellphones ( )3.Three cellphone service providers form a joint venture to A.strengthen their relationship B.get a share in the payments industry C.sell more cellphones D.test the NFC technology )4.According to the passage,what can users do if they lose their smart phones? 271· that is repeated,forceful and continuous:The gov- idioms punch sb's lights out INFORMAL to hit ernment keeps pumping out the same old propaganda.O someone repeatedly very hard.punch the clock US to put The car radio was pumping out music with a heavy beat. a card into a special machine to record the times you arrive pump out sth.If someone's stomach is pumped out,a poi- at and leave work:After 17 years of punching the clock, sonous substance is removed from it by being sucked he just disappeared one morning and was never heard through a tube:She had to go to hospital to have her from again. stomach pumped out. pump sb.up [M]INFORMAL to make someone feel )l.What does the word“pump”mean in“He ran in every more confident or excited:He was offering them advice five minutes to pump me about the case"? and trying to pump them up.O [R]The players were A.Talk with. pum ping themselves up by singing the national anthem be B.Ask for information. fore the game. C.Listen to. pump sth.up [M]1 to fill something with air using a D.Provide with evidence. pump:Have you pumped up the balloons yet?O I must )2.When Sally says "The TV program kept pumping out pum p the tyres up on my bike.2 INFORMAL to increase commercials",she may be something by a large amount:The US was able to pump A.excited B.interested up exports.O Let's pump up the volume a bit! C.annoyed D.worried pump-action/'pAmpakfon/adjective [BEFORE NOUN] )3.What will the government most probably provide if it is describes a device which operates by forcing something,es- engaged in a pump-priming program? pecially air,in or out of a closed space or container:a A.Sums of money. pum p-action shotgun a pum p-action toilet pump B.Raw materials. priming noun [U]SPECIALIZED the activity of helping C.Human resources. a business,programme,economy,etc.to develop by D.Media support. giving it money:The government is awarding small, )4.When Sylvia says "His speech was OK but it had no pump-priming grants to single mothers who are starting real punch",she thinks it was not their own businesses. A.fluent and impressive pun /pAn/ B.logical and moving noun [C]a humorous use of a word or phrase which has C.informative and significant several meanings or which sounds like another word:She D.interesting and powerful made a couple of dreadful puns.O This is a well-known Passage25(2023·广东) joke based on a pun:"What's black and white and red(= In the animal kingdom,weakness can bring about read)all over?”“A newspaper.,” aggression in other animal.This sometimes happens with verb [1](-nn-)to make a pun humans also.But I have found that my weakness brings out the punch/pAntf/ kindness in people.I see it every day when people hold doors for noun HIT1[C]a forceful hit with a FIST ( me,pour cream into my coffee,or help me to put on my coat. closed hand):She gave him a punch UK on/US in the And I have discovered that it makes them happy. nose.EFFECT2 [U]the power to be interesting and From my wheelchair experience,I see the best in people, have a strong effect on people:I felt the performance/ but sometimes I feel sad because those who appear independent speech /presentation lacked punch.DRINK3 [GORU]a miss the kindness I see daily.They don't get to see this soft side cold or hot drink made by mixing fruit juices,pieces of of others.Often,we try every way possible to avoid showing our fruit and often wine or other alcoholic drinks TOOL.4 weakness,which includes a lot of pretending.But only when we [C]a piece of equipment which cuts holes in a material by stop pretending we're brave or strong do we allow people to pushing a piece of metal through it:a ticket punch show the kindness that's in them. Have you seen the hole punch anywhere? Last month,when I was driving home on a busy highway,I verb [T]HIT1 to hit someone or something with began to feel unwell and drove more slowly than usual.People your FIST(=closed hand):He punched him in the stom- behind me began to get impatient and angry,with some speeding ach.2 MAINLY US to hit with your fingers the buttons up alongside me,horning(按喇叭)or even shouting at me,.At on a telephone or the keys on a keyboard USE TOOL.3 the moment,I decided to do something I had never done in twen- to make a hole in something with a special piece of equip- ty-four years of driving.I put on the car flashlights and drove on ment:I was just punching holes in some sheets of paper. at a really low speed. OThis belt's too big-I'll have to punch an extra hole in it. No more angry shouts and no more horns! When I put on my flashlights,I was saying to other 272· drivers,"I have a problem here.I am weak and doing the best I How did they disobey the laws of business physics,taking can."And everyone understood.Several times,I saw drivers more time than competitors yet performing better?They thought who wanted to pass.They couldn't get around me because of the differently about what“slower'”and“faster'”mean.Firms some- stream of passing traffic.But instead of getting impatient and an- times fail to understand the difference between operation speed gry,they waited,knowing the driver in front of them was in moving quickly )and strategic speed(reducing the time it takes some way weak. to deliver value )Simply increasing the speed of production,for Sometimes situations call for us to act strong and brave even example,may be one way to try to reduce the speed difference. when we don't feel that way.But those are few and far between. But that often leads to reduced value over time,in the form of More often,it would be better if we don't pretend we feel strong lower-quality products and services. when we feel weak or pretend that we are brave when we are In our study,higher-performing companies with strategic scared. speed always made changes when necessary.They became more )1.The author has discovered that people will feel happy open to ideas and discussion.They encouraged new ways of when thinking.And they allowed time to look back and learn.By con- A.they offer their help trast(相比而言)，performance suffered at firms that moved fast B.they receive others'help all the time,paid too much attention to improving efficiency, C.they feel others'kindness stuck to tested methods,didn't develop team spirit among their D.they show their weakness employees,and had little time thinking about changes. )2.The author feels sad sometimes because Strategic speed serves as a kind of leadership.Teams that A.he has a soft heart regularly take time to get things right,rather than plough ahead B.he relies much on others full bore,are more successful in meeting their business goals. C.some people pretend to be kind That kind of strategy must come from the top. D.some people fail to see the kindness in others ( )1.What does the underlined part "gain an edge"in Para- )3.What did the other drivers do when they saw the flash- graph 2 mean? lights? A.Increase the speed. A.They speeded up to pass. B.Get an advantage. B.They waited with patience. C.Reach the limit. C.They tried their best to help. D.Set a goal. D.They put on their flashlights too. ( )2.The underlined part "the laws of business physics"in ( )4.In this passage,the author advises us to Paragraph 3 means A.handle problems by ourselves A.spending more time and performing worse B.accept help from others B.spending more time and performing better C.admit our weakness C.spending less time and performing worse D.show our bravery D.spending less time and performing better ( )5.Which of the following is the best title for the passage? ( )3.What can we learn from the text? A.A Wheelchair Experience A.How fast a firm moves depends on how big it is. B.Weakness and Kindness B.How competitive a firm is depends on what it pro C.Weakness and Strength duces. D.A Driving Experience C.Firms guided by strategic speed take time to make Passage26(2023·四川） necessary changes. In business,there is a speed difference:It's the difference D.Firms guided by operational speed take time to de- between how important a firm's leaders say speed is to their velop necessary team spirit. competitive(竞争的)strategy(策略)and how fast the company ( )4.Which could be the best title for the text? actually moves.The difference is important regardless of A.Improve quality?Serve better. industry and company size.Companies fearful of losing their B.Deliver value?Plough ahead. competitive advantage spend much time and money looking for C.Reduce time?Move faster. ways to pick up the speed. D.Need speed?Slow down. In our study of 343 businesses,the companies that chose to Passage27(2023·天津) go,go,go to try to gain an edge ended up with lower sales and An idea that started in Seattle's public library has spread operating incomes than those that paused at key moments to throughout America and beyond.The concept is simple:help to make sure they were on the right track.What's more,the firms build a sense of community in a city by getting everyone to read that "slowed down to speed up"improved their top and bottom the same book at the same time. lines,averaging 40%higher sales and 52%higher operating in- In addition to encouraging reading as a pursuit()to be comes over a three-year period. enjoyed by all,the program allows strangers to communicate by ·273· discussing the book on the bus,as well as promoting reading as A.the careful selection of a proper book an experience to be shared in families and schools.The idea came B.the growing popularity of the writers from Seattle librarian Nancy Pearl who launched(发起)the“If C.the number of people who benefit from reading All of Seattle Read the Same Book"project in 1998.Her original D.the number of books that each person reads program used author visits,study guides and book discussion Passage28(2021·浙江) groups to bring people together with a book,but the idea has In ancient Egypt,the pharaoh (treated the poor mes- since expanded to many other American cities,and even to Hong sage runner like a prince when he arrived at the palace,if he Kong. brought good news.However,if the exhausted runner had the In Chicago,the mayor()appeared on television to an- misfortune to bring the pharaoh unhappy news,his head was nounce the choice of To Kill a Mockingbird as the first book in cut off. the "One Book,One Chicago"program.As a result,reading Shades of that spirit spread over today's conversations.Once clubs and neighbourhood groups sprang up around the city. a friend and I packed up some peanut butter and sandwiches for Across the US,stories emerged of parents and children reading an outing.As we walked light-heartedly out the door,picnic bas- to each other at night and strangers chatting away on the bus a- ket in hand,a smiling neighbor looked up at the sky and said, bout plot and character. "Oh boy,bad day for a picnic.The weatherman says it's going to The only problem arose in New York,where local readers rain."I wanted to strike him on the face with the peanut butter could not decide on one book to represent the huge and diverse and sandwiches.Not for his stupid weather report,for his smile. population.This may show that the idea works best in medium- Several months ago I was racing to catch a bus.As I breath- sized cities or large towns,where a greater sense of unity() lessly put my handful of cash across the Greyhound counter,the can be achieved.Or it may show that New Yorkers rather missed sales agent said with a broad smile,"Oh that bus left five the point,putting all their energy and passion into the choice of minutes ago."Dreams of head-cutting! the book rather than discussion about a book itself. It's not the news that makes someone angry.It's the un- Ultimately,as Nancy points out,the level of success is not sympathetic attitude with which it's delivered.Everyone must measured by how many people read a book,but by how many give bad news from time to time,and winning professionals do it people are enriched by the process,or have enjoyed speaking to with the proper attitude.A doctor advising a patient that she someone with whom they would not otherwise have shared a needs an operation does it in a caring way.A boss informing an word. employee he didn't get the job takes on a sympathetic tone.Big ()1.What is the purpose of the projeet launched by Nancy? winners know,when delivering any bad news,they should share A.To invite authors to guide readers. the feeling of the receiver. B.To encourage people to read and share. Unfortunately,many people are not aware of this.When C.To involve people in community service. you're tired from a long flight,has a hotel clerk cheerfully said D.To promote the friendship between cities. that your room isn't ready yet?When you had your heart set on )2.Why was it difficult for New Yorkers to carry out the the toast beef,has your waiter merrily told you that he just project? served the last piece?It makes you as traveler or diner want to A.They had little interest in reading. land your fist right on their unsympathetic faces. B.They were too busy to read a book. Had my neighbor told me of the upcoming rainstorm with C.They came from many different backgrounds sympathy,I would have appreciated his warning.Had the Grey- D.They lacked support from the local government hound salesclerk sympathetically informed me that my bus had C )3.According to the passage,where would the project be already left,I probably would have said,"Oh,that's all right. more easily carried out? I'll catch the next one."Big winners,when they bear bad news, A.In large communities with little sense of unity. deliver bombs with the emotion the bombarded(被轰炸的)per B.In large cities where libraries are far from home. son is sure to have. C.In medium-sized cities with a diverse population. ( )1.In Paragraph 1,the writer tells the story of the pharaoh D.In large towns where agreement can be quickly to reached. A.make a comparison )4.The underlined words"shared a word"in Paragraph 5 B.introduce a topic probably mean C.describe a scene A.exchanged ideas with each other D.offer an argument B.discussed the meaning of a word ( )2.In the writer's opinion,his neighbor was C.gained life experience A.friendly B.warm-hearted D.used the same language C.not considerate D.not helpful )5.According to Nancy,the degree of success of the project is )3.From“Dreams of head-cutting！”(Paragraph3),we judged by learn that the writer ·274· A.was mad at the sales agent Later fly to Beijing for three nights stay and try Peking Duck. B.was reminded of the cruel pharaoh During our stay in Beijing,we stroll through Tian'anmen Square C.wished that the sales agent would have had dreams to the Forbidden City,the largest and best preserved collection D.dreamed of cutting the sales agent's head that of ancient buildings in China,and visit the Summer Palace.Next night day we take a walk on the Great Wall,tour the unique Temple of ( )4.What is the main idea of the text? Heaven and enjoy an attractive Chinese Acrobatic Show. A.Delivering bad news properly is important in com- ◆Day14:Beijing-UK munication. Fly back to the UK,arriving home later the same day filled B.Helping others sincerely is the key to business suc with happy memories. cess. ()1.The underlined word"sample"in the passage probably C.Receiving bad news requires great courage. means“ D.Learning ancient traditions can be useful. A.buy B.reserve Passage29(2021·福建) C.taste D.make A Journey to ()2.The first and last scenic spots to be visited in Xi'an are A.the Terracotta Warriors and the Great Mosque B.the Terracotta Warriors and Shaanxi Provincial Museum C.Little Wild Goose Pagoda and the Great Mosque D.Little Wild Goose Pagoda and the Muslim Quarter 14 days from just 2,090 pp ( )3.Which of the following is TRUE according to the ad? Fully inclusive from the UK A.The tourists will have to pay extra for fuel and Price covers:International airfares,departure taxes,fuel meals. charges,local transportation,accommodation,all meals, B.The tourists will visit the 1920's Shikumen entrance fees,guides,daily tours and visas for UK citizens. buildings in Beijing. ◆Days1-3UK一Shanghai C.The tourists will take a side trip to the Three Fly to the great city of Shanghai and in the evening sample Gorges Dam during the tour. traditional Shanghai food.Visit the beautiful Yu Garden,Old D.The tourists will stay in Beijing for three nights be- Town.Shanghai Museum,cross the Great Nanpu Bridge and tour fore leaving for the UK. the Pudong area.Also explore Xintiandi with its 1920's style Shi- ( )4.The ad is mainly intended to kumen buildings and end your stay in shanghai with an amazing A.encourage the British to travel in China Huangpu River evening tour. B.attract the British to traditional Chinese food Days 4-7:Shanghai-Yangtze River Tour C.offer services of booking air tickets to tourists Fly to Yichang and change (approx:one hour)to board your D.provide the British with a better understanding Yangtze River ship for the next four nights.Enjoy a tour of the of China Three Gorges Dam(三峡大坝)before sailing on the grand Yan- Passage30(2021·浙江) gtze River,passing through the impressive Three Gorges.We I was in a rush as always,but this time it was for an impor take a side trip to the Lesser Three Gorges or travel up the Shen- tant date Ijust couldn't be late for!I found myself at a checkout nong Stream in a peapod boat and enjoy various shore trips along counter behind an elderly woman seemingly in no hurry as she the way. paid for her groceries.A PhD student with not a lot of money,I Day 8:Chongqing-Chengdu had hurried into the store to pick up some flowers.I was in a Get off in Chongqing and drive to Chengdu for an overnight huge rush,thinking of my upcoming evening.I did not want to stay. be late for this date. Days 9-10;Chengdu-Xi'an We were in Boston,a place not always known for small con- Visit the famous Panda Reserve to see the lovely animals. versation between strangers.The woman stopped unloading her We then fly to the historic city of Xi'an for two nights'stay and basket and looked up at me.She smiled.It was a nice smile- enjoy traditional Shui Jiao.Next day explore one of the most im- warm and reassuring-and I returned her gift by smiling back. portant discoveries of the 20th Century-the Terracotta "Must be a special lady,whoever it is that will be getting Warriors(兵马俑)，followed by the ancient City Wall and a per- those beautiful flowers,"she said. formance of Tang Dynasty dancing. “Yes,she's special,”I said,and then to my ◆Days11-13:Xi'an一Beijing embarrassment,the words kept coming out."It's only our second Visit Little Wild Goose Pagoda and see the ancient objects at date,but somehow I am just having the feeling she's the one'." the well-known Shanxi Provincial Museum before walking Jokingly,I added,"The only problem is that I can't figure out through the lively Muslim Quarter to see the Great Mosque. why she'd want to date a guy like me." ·275· "Well,I think she's very lucky to have a boyfriend who ing to be a picnic.The manager expected a clean environment and, brings her such lovely flowers and who is obviously in love with particularly,fast service with a friendly smile. her,"the woman said."My husband used to bring me flowers Over three years later I still work at that restaurant every week-even when times were tough and we didn't have whenever I go home during vacations.I love my co-workers there much money.Those were incredible days;he was very romantic and all the customers know who I am.Every morning the same and-of course-I miss him since he's passed away." senior citizens come in and get their morning coffees.They chat I paid for my flowers as she was gathering up her groceries. with us workers and joke around.Our smiles have just as much There was no doubt in my mind as I walked up to her.I touched to do with them making us a part of their everyday lives as the her on the shoulder and said,"You were right,you know.These coffee does. flowers are indeed for a very special lady."I handed her the flow- From my first job at the restaurant,I learned teamwork and ers and thanked her for such a nice conversation. devotion.I also learned staying positive no matter how rough It took her a moment to realize that I was giving her the things seem to get.I will forever carry the experience that I flowers I had just purchased."You have a wonderful evening,"I gained at the restaurant with me as I go forward in my life. said.I left her with a big smile and my heart warmed as I saw 1.Why did the author apply everywhere that summer?(No her smelling the beautiful flowers. more than 12 words) I remember being slightly late for my date that night and telling my girlfriend the above story.A couple of years later, 2.What did the manager particularly expect the workers to when I finally worked up the courage to ask her to marry me, do?(No more than 14 words) she told me that this story had helped to seal it for her-that was the night that I won her heart. 3.Why does the author still work at the restaurant during ()1.Why was the writer in a hurry that day? vacations?(No more than 13 words) A.He was to meet his girlfriend. B.He had to go back to school soon. 4.What did the author learn from his first job?No more C.He was delayed by an elderly lady. than 11 words) D.He had to pick up some groceries. ( )2.What does the underlined phrase "her gift"(Paragraph Passage32(2023·浙江) 2)refer to? A.Slow Down Your Life A.Her words. B.Her smile. B.Escape Now and Then C.Her flowers. D.Her politeness. C.Separate Your Actions )3.Why did the writer give his flowers to the elderly lady? D.Allow Yourself to Be Weak A.She told him a nice story. E.Relieve Pressure by Firmly Saying "No" B.She allowed him to pay first. F.Stop Expecting Everything to Be Perfect C.She gave him encouragement. How to Simplify Your Life D.She liked flowers very much. Less is more.This is why we say:reduce things by half instead ( )4.What is the message conveyed in the story? of doubling them,get rid of junk instead of piling it up,relax instead A.Flowers are important for a date. of stressing,slow down instead of speeding up.Apply these B.Small talk is helpful. principles in your everyday life in a conscious way.You will then find C.Love and kindness are rewarding. yourself well along on your journey to simplification. D.Elderly people deserve respecting. 1. Passage31(2023·湖南) When you concentrate on one task,you find you have A wise teacher once told me that every teenager needs to ex- energy that you didn't even know you had.Just imagine:you are perience a not-so-fun first job from working at a grocery store to at a fair and you have to carry two heavy pigs over 100 yards.If the fast food industry. you keep grabbing one and then the other,it will take forever, Now I still remember my first day at fast food restaurant because one of them will keep slipping out from under your arm three years ago.I wanted to save up money and buy my own car, and running off.But if you tie one pig in a place,pick up the oth- so I applied everywhere I could that summer.The restaurant er,gather all your strength and make a dash for the finish line, called me right away and I thought to myself,this is going to be pause for a moment,run back and get the other one,and with easy.Within four hours of my first shift(轮班)，I had angry cus- great determination,carry the second pig to the finish line,then tomers who complained how slow I was.I watched in fear as a kid you can be sure of success, spilled his milk everywhere,and I heard the words that no 16-year- 2. old boy or anyone for that matter wants to hear:"Mike,there's a The pressure at work is on the increase in all occupations.In problem in the men's bathroom and you might want gloves for this the modern nuclear family,the expectations that formerly would one."I realized right away that working at the restaurant was not go- have been shared among all the relatives are now concentrated on ·276· the individual partner. member to place them neatly together where you came in. If you have the feeling that 24 hours per day are not enough In Spain,lunch is often the biggest meal of the day,and can for all the things you need to do,then it's not because the day last two or three hours.For this reason many people eat a light has too few hours,but because you have too many activities.A breakfast and a late dinner.In Mexico,lunch is the time to relax, simple fact that overloaded people often tend to forget.The solu- and many people prefer not to discuss business as they eat.In tion is equally simple:refuse to accept so many work Britain,it's not unusual to have a business meeting over breakfast. assignments in your private life or your working life. In most countries,an exchange of business cards is 3. necessary for all introductions.You should include your company "I can handle stress"is regarded as a positive statement in name and your position.If you are going to a country where your the world of work.People who can handle stress are given more language is not widely spoken,you can get the back side of your and more to cope with-until one day they break. card printed in the local language.In China,you may present Pay careful attention to the signs that tell you that you are your card with the writing facing the person you are giving it to. under more stress than you can cope with.These signals can Title:Good 1 come from various areas of life.You become ill,or your work ef- ficiency decreases. Aspect Country Custom If you have any of these symptoms,change your life goals ·Shaking hands firmly ·America and decrease your tolerance of stress.Say quite openly,"I can't ·3. to show respect ·Japan Pressing both hands together manage that..” ·Thailand at the chest 4. "If only I were slimmer,more beautiful,richer,more clev- ·4. Wearing long blouses and skirts er,then I would be happier."This is a dream that makes a lot of Dressing Countries Taking off your shoes at the people ill,depressed,and unhappy.Life has its flaws,defects, ·Korea corners,and edges.Only those who accept this reality can lead a really full life. Having a light breakfast and a late dinner Of course there are activities in which errors are dangerous: ·Spain ·Relaxing while having driving a car;crossing the road.But life doesn't consist entirely Eating ·Mexico 。7. 6 of these things.In among them there is a lot of room for small Holding a business meeting and large mistakes. over breakfast 5. ·Most coun Exchanging business cards Successful people all have their own places where they can when 8. yourself Doing business tries withdraw in order to work.Find out which places improve your ·China Presenting a card to a person 9 its front facing him creativity.For me it's the train.When I know that I'm going to be traveling for four hours without phone calls and people knoc- Conclusion:When traveling 10 we should follow local cus toms. king on my door,I find my mind is free and I can read or write complex articles.There can be problems working on the train,of Passage34(2023·江西) course:if the person sitting opposite you keeps talking away,or 阅读下面短文并回答问题（请注意问题后的词数要求）。 if train trips make you tired (some people fall asleep after a few [1]It is now possible to watch live sport on television on any miles). day of the week,and the current amount of reporting will un- Passage33(2023·安撤) doubtedly increase further in years to come.This is certainly Traveling to all corners of the world gets easier and easier. having an influence on the live sports events themselves,and We live in a global village,but this doesn't mean that we all be- there are both benefits and shortcomings to this. have in the same way. L2]Why has there been such growth in televised sport?For How should you behave when you meet someone for the first one thing,with digital broadcasting,there are now many more time?An American shakes your hand firmly while looking you TV channels than there were even ten years ago.Moreover, straight in the eye.In many parts of Asia,there is no physical sport has become an important form of entertainment,appealing contact at all.In Japan,you should bow,and the more respect you want to show,the deeper you should bow.In Thailand, to both men and women. [3 What are the benefits of this state of affairs?One people greet each other by pressing both hands together at the chest. In both countries,eye contact is avoided as a sign of respect. obvious advantage to the profession is the addition of money pro- Many countries have rules about what you should and shouldn't vided by television companies.Large football clubs benefit wear.In Muslim countries,you shouldn't reveal (the body, financially from TV income and the top players can command very especially women,who should wear long blouses and skirts.In large salaries.Less popular sports also receive money that can be Korea,you should take off your shoes when entering a house.Re- used in training and awarenessraising.What's more,there is a health ·277· benefit to some of the population,because through televised sport, 的单词。 more people have become interested in actually playing sport. 注意：每个空格只填一个单词。 [4]However, if so much sport is on television. If we agree that the function of education is to prepare us for Considering football again,many small clubs have suffered fi- life,then there is very little time to waste.So,while we can,we nancial losses recently,as they cannot compete with the large ought to concentrate on teaching children something really ones.There has been a general falling in ticket sales,especially useful.Here is what our schools should teach. among smaller clubs.Fewer people attend live matches Politeness is a mark of civilization.The sooner children learn nowadays,preferring to watch from the comfort of their living this,the better.In any case,a lot can be accomplished by a room.And ticket prices have risen greatly. smile and good manners. [5]To sum up,while televised sport has created many op- Like it or not,our adult lives will be consumed by the portunities and benefited certain people and clubs very much,it struggle for money,but we don't make an effort to teach has also been responsible for changing the nature of live sports children how to manage it.So our schools have a duty to teach events for ever. them this ability from the beginning. 1.What is the main idea of the text?(no more than 8 We're likely to accept something we are told,but that's not words) what educated people do.Educated people are reasonable and they look at facts.If our schools teach nothing else,they should 2.Complete the following statement with words from Para- at least teach critical(批判性的)thinking. graph 2.(no more than 3 words) Children should learn to take care of their health.They There has been a great increase in TV channels in the should know that if they eat junk food(t垃圾食品)，they will be- past few years with the help of come fat and unhealthy.They should be very clear about what 3.Point out the advantage of televised sport which does not happens to their bodies when they drink or smoke. concern money in Paragraph 3.(no more than 3 words) All of us are part of society.We have rights and responsibilities. We ought to understand what they are.We have to know a little bit 4.Fill in the blank in Paragraph 4 with proper words.(no of our history and geography,because we need to have an environ- more than 6 words) ment in which to relate to the people around us. How will we test students on these?We can't.But that's 5.What does the word "it"(Line 2,Paragraph 5)probably not a reason to avoid teaching what is important.Our schools refer to?(no more than 3 words) should spend every moment they have telling this to our children:"This is life,this is what you are going to face,and Passage35(2023·安徽) this is how you deal with it." 阅读下面短文，根据所读内容在表格中的空白处填入恰当 Title Very Useful 1. Introduction Education should be a 2. for life. Advice Important things should be taught in 3. ●How to behave5. ●The basic skill of6. money. Teaching ●How to7. in a critical way. ●How to keep8. The rights and responsibilities one has in 9. Conclusion Children should be taught what 10. is and how to deal with it. Passage36(2021·江苏) our selves in communication.A student,for instance,may Communication Principles describe a conflict with a teacher as unfair treatment,"I know How you see yourself can make a great difference in how my teacher doesn't like the fact that I don't agree with his opin- you communicate."Every individual exists in a continually chan- ions.And that's why he gave me such a poor grade in that class." ging world of experience of which he (or she)is the center". The teacher might say the opposite.Each person may believe that Many communication scholars and social scientists believe that he is correct and that the other person's view is wrong. people are products of how others treat them and of the messages The concept of self originates in communication.Through others send them.But every day we experience the centrality of verbal and nonverbal symbols,a child learns to accept roles in ·278· response to the expectations of others.You establish self-image, Paragraph Outline Supporting Details the sort of person you believe you are,by how others think of you.Positive,negative,and neutral messages that you receive OPeople are somewhat products of others'treat- from others all play a role in determining who you are.Communi- Communication ment and messages. cation itself is probably best understood as a dialogue process. begins with ●We are always 1. in communication Our understanding of communication comes from our the self with others. interactions with other people.In a more obvious way,communi- cation involves others in the sense that a competent Experiences of others help children learn to ac- communicator considers what the other person needs and expects cept roles. when selecting messages to share.So,the communication begins Communication Messages from others help you 3. with the self,as defined largely by others,and involves others,as others who you are. defined largely by the self. ●Needs and4 of others should be Communication occurs almost every minute of your life.If considered. you are not communicating with yourself(thinking,planning,re- acting to the world around you),you are observing others and O We are communicating with ourselves by drawing inferences from their behavior.Even if the other person thinking,planning and reacting to the outside did not intend a message for you,you gather observations and world. draw specific conclusions.A person yawns and you believe that Communication ●We are always6. other people by person is bored with your message.A second person looks away 心 observing even if they do not intend any mes- from you and you conclude that person is not listening to you.A sage for you. everywhere third person smiles (perhaps because of a memory of a joke he We are constantly collecting meanings from others'7. heard recently)and you believe that he is attracted to you.We are ●We are constantly8. meanings by continually picking up meanings from others'behaviors and we what we do. are constantly providing behaviors that have communicative value for them. OYou may explain what you have done,but you More often than not,you may have hurt someone Communication cannot 9. what remains in the other accidentally and you may have tried to explain that you did not cannot be person's mind. mean that.You may have told the other person that you were reversed nor repeated Yon may redo the conversation,but you sorry for your statement.You may have made a joke out of your 6 achieve the same results. rude statement.Nonetheless,your comment remains both in the mind of the other person and in your own mind.You cannot go back in time and erase your messages to others.Communication cannot be reversed(倒退)，nor can it be repeated..When you tried to re-create the atmosphere,the conversation,and the setting, nothing seemed right.Your second experience with a similar set- ting and person made far different results. ·279·