专题十一 强调句式、倒装、省略、独立主格结构及其他-【备战高考】备战2027高考英语母题题源同步练

31,B句意：当我是个小孩的时候我曾经很喜欢那部电 影，但现在我再也没有那种感觉了。once“一旦”；when “当…的时候”；since'“自从…以来，既然”；although'“尽 管”。根据句意可知远B。 32.B句意：尽管因特网对我们有很大的帮助，但我认 为花太多的时间上网并不好。while=even though“尽管”；if “如果”；because“因为”；as“因为；当…的时侯”。只有B项 符合句意。 33.C句意：我有很长时间没见着安了，我已忘记她长 什么样了。so/such+that“如此…以至于”，即s0十adj. adu.十that,而such十n.十that,long为副词，故用so。 34.A句意：虽然所有人都坐下了，但还有一些椅子剩 下。when放在句中时有even though之意。 35.B句意：自这次灾难以来，所有的人，不管年老还是 年轻，富有还是贫穷，他们都在尽自己最大的努力去帮助那 些需要帮助的人。whether.,or.是固定搭配，意为“无论是 …还是…，不管是…还是…”。 36.A句意：无论什么季节，这位律师除了一套西装以 外，很少穿其他的（衣服）。whatever引导让步状语从句， whatever the season即whatever the season is。wherever'“无 论什么地方”；whenever'“无论什么时候”；however'“无论怎 样”，均不符合语境要求。 37.C句意：你最好不要把药放在孩子们能够得着的地 方。本题考查where引导的地，点状语从句，本句相当于： You'd better not leave the medicine in the place where kids can get at it.(此处where引导的是定语从句，先行词为the place,这也说明远项B不合适的原因。) 38.D句意：如果你不需要更多存放行李的空间，一辆 小汽车对一个三口之家便足够大了。once“一旦…”： because“因为…”；if“如果…”；unless“如果不…”。 专题十一强调句式、倒装、省略、独立 主格结构及其他 十年高考母题原型训练 A组 题源1强调句 1.B考查强调句。句意：在克里斯托弗·哥伦布横跨 大西洋80年前郑和就已经航行到了东非。Itws十强调部 分十that十其他。因此选B。 2.B考查强调句。句意：我来到这儿才认识到这个地 方的闻名不仅仅是因为美丽，也是因为这儿的气候。固定句 ·3 式Itis/was not until-十被强调部分十that十其他。 3.D考查强调句型。第二句中强调主语years of hard work。句意：John的成功与运气没有关系。正是他多年的 努力才成就了今天的他。 4.B考查强调句式。句意：女主人用先前从村庄中买 的仅仅几样东西就做出了如此美妙的晚餐。被强调部分是 from only a few supplies。句中的“that she had bought in the village”是定语从句，修饰先行词supplies。句子主干为the hostess cooked such a nice dinner. 5.D句意：—这星期我又看了一本书。—嗯，也 许重要的不是你看了多少，而是看了什么。考查强调句：It is/was十被强调部分十that从句，故选D。 题源2倒装句 1.D考查倒装句型。否定词或否定短语位于句首，句 子要不完全倒装，此处never for a second为否定短语，句子 描述的为过去的事情，故答案选D。 2.C考查倒装句型。否定词或否定短语放于句首，句 子要不完全倒装，此处at no time(在任何时候都不，决不)引 起句子不完全倒装，即将助动词放于主语之前。根据题干时 态标志词was,可知选C。 3.C考查倒装句。句意：在这之前她从来没看过谁能和 Robert打网球打得一样好。never等否定副词在句首，句子要 倒装。因为又是对现在造成的影响，所以远现在完成时。 4.D考查倒装句。句意：直到他三年前退休，他才考 虑要去国外度假。not until位于句首，句子用部分倒装。 5.A考查倒装句。句意：Mary读了第二遍作文后她 才注意到她的拼写错误。oly位于句首，句子部分倒装。 6.B考查倒装句。句意为：在把这个问题讨论了几个 小时之后，他们才做了决定。“oly十状语（状语从句）”位于 句首时，句子（或主句）要倒装，本题中把助动词dd提到主语 they之前。故远B。 7.C考查倒装句。句意为：—太美味了！我从来没 喝过这样特别的饮料。一你喜欢它我非常高兴。否定副 词never位于句首时，句子要部分倒装。本题中把助动词提 到主语I之前，根据时间状语before可知，句子时态为现在 完成时，故把have提到I之前。故远C。 8.A考查倒装句。句意：直到离开家，他才开始意识 到这个家对他来说是何等的重要。not until引导的从句置 于句首时，主句需用部分倒装。主从句的动作基本同时发 生，故用一般过去时。 9.A考查倒装。表示方位的介词短语位于句首“At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River”,用全部倒装。 10.D考查倒装。表示存在关系的句子，将表地，点的 副词或介词短语提至句首时，若主语为名词，应采用完全倒 装语序。此题中将表地，点的副词there提到了句首，而且主 语为名词agil,所以要采用完全倒装语序。所以远D项。 1l.D考查倒装句。seldom置于句首时，句子要采用 部分倒装。句意：我们听到笑话会开怀大笑，但我们很少思 考它是怎样让人笑的。 12.A考查倒装句。 13.D本题考查全部倒装。句意：听到狗的狂叫声，小 偷逃掉了。表地，点方位的副词away放句首时，句子要全部 倒装。正常的语序是：the thief fled away。 14.A句意：这就是电视的力量，它能使人一举成名。 such指后面提到的人或事物。 题源3省略 L.C考查省略。逻辑主语exercise与carry out之间构 成动宾关系，故用carry out的过去分词形式carried out表示 被动，此处相当于if the exercise is carried out regularly的省 略。所以答案选C项。 2.A句意：—Dlla怎么了？——哦，她父母不让她 去参加晚会，但她仍然希望去参加。本句属省略句，完整形 式应为：.，but she still hopes to go to the party.o 3.C句意：—对不起，我在这里吸烟你介意吗？ 是的，我介意。you could你可以；go ahead行，好，千吧；Ido 我介意；my pleasure我的荣幸。根据对话情景可知应远 C项。 4.D句意：—你的第一篇论文写完了吗？一还没 有。刚完成一半。你呢？首先排除A、C,因为not at all= not a bit一点也不，不符合题意：not likely绝不可能，绝对不 会，也不符合题意。 5.A句意：一如果我们都能主动去帮忙，那么晚会 之后不需要太长时间去打扫的。一是啊！人多力量大！ 根据上下文句意，A选项符合具体语境。B项意为“有总比 没有好”；C项意为“越多越好”；D项意为“早开始，早结束”。 6.B句意：—现在的时令水果是什么？—我认为 是梨和苹果。】think意为“我认为”，表达说话人的一种主观 判断。】see意为“我明白”，不符合语境要求。 7.A句意：—谁应当对这一起事故负责？一是老 板，而不是工人。工人们只是执行了他们被吟咐的指令。从 题意可知，workers和tel之间应当是被动关系，排除C、D。 而当从句主语和主句主语一致，且从句中有b动词时，从句 主语和be动词可以同时省去。A项可以补全为：They just carried out the order as they were told.. ·3 8.D句意：一你为即将到来的假期做了特别安排 吗？一是的。如果可能的话，我将去市里的几家敬老院看 看。if ever'“如果曾经”，如：We see them very seldom,if ever,我们难得见到他们。if possible“如果可能的话”。由句 意可知D项正确。 题源4独立主格结构 1.B句意：快点，请给我一些有关这个项目的缝 议。一很抱歉，脑子里装这么多的工作，我几乎要垮掉了。 在with复合结构中，so much work与动词fill之间是主动关 系，故选B。A项表被动关系，如改为With my mind filled with so much work.也是正确的。C项不定式表示将要发 生的动作，在语意上与下文不符。 2.C考查非谓语动词。todo表将来，作状语。the rest是不定式的逻辑主语。句意为：今天给你100美元，剩 下的一年后再给。 题源5主谓一致 1.C考查主谓一致和语态。像剪纸这些天津的传统民 间艺术品正在2010年上海世博会文化展示区展示。1ike paper cutting是介词短语，句子的主语是Traditional folk arts of Tianjin,表复数意义。20l0年上海世博会正在进行， 传统民间艺术品是被展出，故应用现在进行时的被动语态。 2.C考查主谓一致。句意：在摇滚音乐会上听很吵的 音乐已造成了一些青少年的听力丧失。动名词短语作主语， 谓语动词用单数形式。故远C项。 3.A考查主谓一致。第一空格poets为主语，第二空 格some(works)为主语，谓语动词都应该用复数。 4.B考查主谓一致和时态。首先the only one of.为 先行词时，定语从句修饰的是one,即one是主语，而非后面 的复数women,根据主谓一致的原则，谓语动词应该用单数， 排除A,D。另外，从“s”可以看出句子是要表示一种习惯， 因此要用一殷现在时，排除C,故远B。 5.B句意：要么是你要么是你的一名学生应该出席明 天的会议。该题考查的是主谓一致，按照就近一致原则，one of your students的中心词为one,谓语动词用单数，在本句中 is to do表示应该(should)。 B组 题源1强调句 1.C句意：直到那年从非洲回来他才遇到那个他想与 之结婚的女孩。本题考查强调句型Itis(was)not until-十时 间状语十that,被强调的部分是时间状语，且含有“直 到…才”的意思，故选C。 2.C句意：正是在密西西比河沿岸马克·吐温度过了 他孩提时代的大部分时光。本题为强调句式。 3.A句意：伊丽莎白第一次见到史密斯先生是在新西 兰。本题考查强调结构。 4.A句意：他们直到半夜才到达宿营地。本句考查强 调结构，可以还原为：They didn't reach the camp site until midnight.。强调句的结构为：Itis/was十被强调成分十that/ who十其他成分。 题源2倒装句 1.C句意：这次袭击非常突然以至于敌人没有时间递 跑。so十adj.放于句首时，主句倒装。sudden是形容词，在 句中作表语，故应用was。 2.A句意：每天，我像许多住在天津阁市区的商人一 样，坐轻轨火车去滨海新区。s“像…一样”，副词，为了强 调主语，此处使用了倒装语序。如：They looked upon him as a trusted friend,.as did many others he had deceived,他们和 他所欺骗的许多人一样，也把他看做可以信赖的朋友。 3.B句意：电脑被用在教学中。结果，不仅节省了老师 的粉力，学生也对课堂更感兴趣了。此题考查not only用于 句首时的倒装结构，not only用于句首时后面的句子必须用 部分倒装。 4.B句意：昨晚直到我回家妈妈才上床睡觉。not util引导状语从句且提前置于句首，需要部分倒装，又因为 时态是过去时（从came可知），所以要将助动词did提前。 5.B句意：尽管对工资不满意，但为了获得工作经验， 他还是接受了这份工作。本题考查though引导状语从句可 用倒装的形式，即从句中的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首， 但主谓顺序不变。though引导的从句也可以不倒装，前半句 可写为：Though he was unsatisfied with the payment。. 6.C句意：尊敬的来宾朋友们，欢迎莅临我校。今天早 上参加50周年庆典的是来自国内外的校友。本句为倒装 句，正常的语序应该是：(ur alumni from home and abroad are attending the ceremony of the 50th Anniversary this morning.. 7.A句意：虽然身处险境，Ros却丝毫不在乎她个人 的安危。本题考查倒装语序。否定副词little置于句首，全 句主谓需部分倒装。 8.B句意：那会儿，什么都没发生。之后大家一起欢呼 起来。本题考查倒装句型，副词then,away,out,in等置于 句首，且主语是名词时，主谓要全部倒装。 9.C句意：据宣称只有当火势得到了控制的时候，居民 们才可以返回家中。“only十when从句”引导的句子，其主 句应用倒装，故排除A,D。又因the residents被允许回家是 在the fire得到控制之后，故用过去将来时。 ·3 10.A句意：只有正确饮食，你才能保持身体健康。从 句意可知，unless不符合题意。若选D的话，应当在you will 后加上not。only if表示条件，意为“只有”。当only if置于 句首时，主句谓语要部分倒装。故远A。 11.D句意：只有当我离开父母去了意大利时，我才意 识到我有多么爱他们。oly引导的状语或状语从句放在句 首时，主句须部分倒装，根据句意，主句应用一般过去时，所 以只有D项符合题意。 12.B句意：他直到把摩托车修理和擦洗得像新的一样 才停下来。not until引导的状语（或状语从句）放在句首，主 句部分须部分倒装，所以只有B符合题意。 13.C句意：北京太好玩了，以至于大多数游客不等逃 完就没多少时间了。so much置于句首，后面的句子应用部 分倒装，即将助动词、情态动词提到主语前面。 题源3省略 1,B句意：比尔对贾森做报告推迟这件事表示不高兴， 我也不高兴。根据题意可知，“我”也不（高兴）。“neither/, or十系动词/助动词/情态动词十sb.”表示“某人也不（同意 或赞成上文的观点)”，易把either看做neither,无either was I句式。故远B。 2.A句意：如果不是每天浇水的话，朋友送他的那些 花就会枯萎。本题考查unless引导的条件状语从句的省略 问题。当条件状语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，可将从句 的主语和be动词一起省去。其完整形式为：…unless the flowers are watered every day. 3.B句意：—你知道保罗整天做什么事情吗？ 就我所知，他玩所花的时间至少与花在写作上所花的时间一 样多。B项中的does用以代替另一个动词spend以避免重 复，本句复原后为：，he spends at least as much time(in) playing as he spends(in)writing.. 4.B句意：如果乔的妻子不愿去参加这次聚会，乔也不 去了。根据句意，A项中either须和not搭配；C、D项词序有 错：B项意思及词序都合乎要求。故选B。 5.C句意：—我的房间晚上很冷。—我的也是。 $0引导的倒装句表示后者与前者情况相同。其句式中助动 词的选择应依前面句子中的动词而定。如：一I can swim, So can he./-I have finished the task.-So has he.. 题中第一句话中动词为get,故后句倒装须用助动词do/ does。注意：如采s0后句子不倒装，则只表示对前者的肯定。 故远C。 题源5主谓一致 1,D句意：老师和同学们正在讨论美国刚出版的《阅 读技巧》一书。不难看出主句的主语是the teacher,together with the students是附加部分，而Reading Skills是一个书 名也应该用第三人称单数形式。 2.A句意：目前，人们赞成建一座新机场的理由之一 是它将给这个地区带来很多的就业机会。本题考查动词时 态，At present-Now是解题的关。 3.B句意：一份对专家观，点进行的调查显示，每周三个 小时的户外锻炼有益于人的健康。很据句意首先要弄清两 个设空处的主语分别为a survey和outdoor exercise,故两空 都应该用第三人称单数形式，故B正确。 4.A句意：詹姆斯教授将给我们做有关西方文学的演 讲，但是时间和地，点没有确定。根据句意，应该选择被动语 态，首先排除B项。when and where作为一个整体含义，谓 语动词应用单数，排除D项。yet常用于完成时态中，故A 项为正确答策。 5.A句意：我们一天一天生活着（每天对我们都很重 要)，但从大的方面讲，几天的时间或几星期的时间是如此短 暂以至于一天是微不足道的。time是不可数名词，作主语 时，谓语用单数。此题中句子只能用一殷现在时，故远A。 题源6反意疑问句 1.A考查反意疑问句。句意：你是有点怀疑他是清白 的，是吗？以There is开头，疑问部分用is there。 2.C句意：这是他第一次到澳大利亚，不是吗？It'sthe first time that.是固定句型，反意疑问句的构成需依据主句 的主语和谓语而定。 3.B句意：他一定正在帮助那位老人浇花，不是吗？本 题考查反意疑问句，做题思路为：He must be helping the old man to water the flowers.=I'm sure he is helping the old man to water the flowers..从而得出反意部分用：“isn'the?”。 题源7祈使句和感叹句 1.A考查特殊句型。本句为“祈使句十and十陈述句” 句型；do是对谓语动词devote的强调。 2.D考查特殊句型。祈使句十并列连词十陈述句结 构，该句型相当于含有f从句的复合句。 3.C句意：站在那儿，你会更好地欣赏这幅油画。祈使 句十and+陈述句（将来时），如：Work hard,and you will succeed.努力工作，你就会成功。 4.D句意：一我怎样申请一门网上课程呢？一填 一下这个表格，我们看一下能帮你做点什么。本题考查典型 句式：祈使句十and十一般将来时的陈述句，其中的祈使句相 当于一个if引导的条件句，and后的句子相当于主句，主句 用将来时，条件从句用现在时。如：Study hard,and you'll pass the exam. 5,A句意：无论什么时侯你都帮助别人，那么你就会 ·3 使世界变得更加和谐美好。根据句意，此题考查的是“祈使 句十and十主语十wil/shall do sth,”结构。故选A。 专题十二情景交际 十年高考母题原型训练 A组 题源1社会交往类 1.D考查交际用语。对Would you mind.?的回答 分两个部分来判断。A项“介意，非常乐意”：B项“不介意， 恐怕我做不到”：C项“介意，值得花时间”：D项“不介意，只 要不会花很长时间”，可知D项符合语境，故选D。 2.A考查交际用语。根据后句“它正是我们在寻找的 东西”，故选A(太完美了)。 3.D考查交际用语。根据语境，因拨错了电话号码而 道歉，故答案选D“希望没打扰到你”。 4.C考查交际用语。根据后句“我从未尝试过”，可知 “我不知道”。故答案选C。 5.B考查情景交际。上句说“还有其他事情需要讨论 吗？”根据下句回答“I guess”应远B。A项“根本不”；B项 “不，就那么多（都讨论完了）”：C项“是的，我确定”：D项“是 的，当然”。 6.A考查情景交际。句意：—你想要哪一个？ 我不介意，哪个都行。B项“我确定”；C项“没问题”；D项“干 吧，说吧，用吧”。 7.D考查情景交际。句意：—我很抱漱打扰你，我 能用一下你的电话吗？有点紧急。一好的，当然可以。A 项“很乐意”；B项“别急”；C项“没关系”；D项“当然可以”。 8.D考查情景交际。句意：Mr.Johnson,我能请 几天假吗？一当然可以，没有你我能管理的了。A项“忘 了吧”；B项“我恐怕不能”；C项“看情况而定”；D项“当然”。 9.D考查情景交际。句意：—你这周未打算去 哪？—视情况而定吧，如采时间允许的话，我可能跟朋友 们去上海。A项“不用谢”；B项“没关系”：C项“忘了吧”：D 项“视情况而定”。 10.C考查情景交际。句意：—需要帮忙吗？你看起 来有点问题。一谢谢，没关系，我想我能解决。A项“太好 了”；B项“没问题”；C项“没关系”；D项“没门”。 11.A考查情景交际。句意：一看，来了一个你梦中 的女孩，去邀请她跳舞吧。一我不知道。要是她拒绝我该 怎么办？A项“不知道”；B项“为什么是我”；C项“很乐意”； D项“那又如何”。 12.C考查交际用语。说话人委婉地拒绝了对方的请专题十一强调句式、倒装、省略、独立主格结构及其他 考纲·题型解读 在重视对语言的意义和功能考查的同时，高考对语言形式的考查不再局限于少数儿个热门话题，而更加强调语言形式的广 泛性和语言内容的丰富性。在将来的考试中，会继续保留过去的热点，但我们更应注意这类题目的综合性、涉外性以及实用性。 1.强调句型及其他表达强调的方法； 2.各种倒装句（部分倒装句与全部倒装句）： 3.反意疑问句、祈使句、感叹句及其他； 4.主谓一致性的表达方法和学习考试要点。 十年高考母题题源褐秘 题源1强调句 It was not until all fish died that people realized how serious pollution was. 解题模型1.1 It was not until midnight that they came back. (4)在强调时间、地点、原因或方式状语时，一律用 强调句型的几种构成形式 that,而不用when,where,why或how等；特别要注意不 强调是为了对一定语境下的部分内容进行突出而采 能同定语从句等相混淆。 用的一种修辞手法。以下是常见的强调句式。 Was it during World War lI that he lost his son? t引导的强调句式 1.让引导的强调句的结构 It was for this reason that the naughty boy got severely punished. 强调句的基本结构是“It+be十被强调部分+that (5)原句的谓语动词如果是现在或将来的各种时态， (who)十原句剩余部分”。被强调部分可以是简单句中除 用ltis.,that(who).:如果原句谓语动词是过去各种时 谓语以外的其他成分，也可以是主从复合句中的从句。 态，则用twas.that(who).。 It was we that/who saved my little younger sister. It was because her mother was ill that she didn't go 调主语) with us..是因为她的母亲生病她才没和我们一起去。 It was him that/who they saw stealing yesterday in the supermarket.(强调宾语) )[真题1](2023·天津)It was not until near the end of It is by sending e-mail that they keep in touch with the letter each other..(强调状语) she mentioned her own plan. It was only when I reread this poem recently that I be- A.that B.where gan to appreciate its beauty..(强调从句) C.why D.when 2.t引导的强调句需要注意的问题 [解析]考查强调句型。此处考查固定句型not.until的 (1)强调句型中的it没有实际意义，由于t处在主语 强调句型，其句型结构为：It was not until...that-十句子。故答案 位置，即使被强调的主语是复数，动词只用单数。强调主 选A。 语时用主格。 [答案]A It was Tom and Mike that/who helped us out. )[真题2](2023·四川)Was it on a lonely island It is we who/that have passed the driving test. (2)强调句的一般疑问句就是直接把动词置于句首： he was saved one month after the boat went down? 特殊疑问句就是把被强调的特殊疑问词置于句首。 A.where B.that Is it next week that we will hold another football match? C.which D.what Who was it that taught you English three years ago? [解析]考查强调句型。句意为：在船沉没一个月之后，他 How was it that you managed to deal with such 就是在那个孤岛上获救的。强调句型为：tis/ws十被强调部分 difficult problems？ 十that,本句被强调部分为on a lonely island。故选B。 (3)强调not.…until...结构时，not要放在until之前。 [答案]B 即：ltis/was not until..…that.o )[真题3](2023·重庆)-Have you seen the film Under the Hawthorn Tree? ·113· -Of course,I have.It was in our village was made It is a question that needs careful consideration. A.that B.where 该句是定语从句，句意：这是一个需要仔细考虑的 问题。 C.when D.which 由此可见，强调句中that没有意义，且不作任何成分， [解析]考查强调句型。句意为：一一你看过《山楂树之 而定语从句中that作关系代词，在从句中要充当一个句子 恋》了吗？一一当然，它就在我们村里拍摄的。根据句子结构可 成分。 知，句子为强调句，被强调部分为in our village。故选A。 (3)与状语从句的区别： [答案]A ①强调句型与ltis/was十时间十when从句 )[真题4](2004·湖北)It was back home It was at 6 o'clock that I got up today. after the experiment. It was 6 o'clock when I got up today. A.not until midnight did he go 第一句为强调句型，强调时间状语，介词t与时间名 B.until midnight that he didn't go 词6o'clock一起作状语。 C.not until midnight that he went 第二句是状语从句，it指时间，时间名词6o'clock作表 D.until midnight when he didn't go 语，when引导时间状语从句。 [解析]这是一个强调句，强调时间。其句子结构应该是： ②强调句型与Itis+时间十since从句 ltis/was十强调部分十that从句。所以正确答案选C。该句的 1tis.…since..…表示“自从…以来已有…（时间）”， 意思是：直到半夜他才做完实验回家。容易错选的是A选项，因 注意两个句型中时态一般不同。试比较： 为很容易把倒装句的概念与强调句混杂在一起。另外还有一点 It was two years ago that I began to learn English. 要提及的是not..until在非倒装句中是分开的，如本句：He 我两年前才开始学英语的。 didn'go back home until midnight after the experiment。.但在 It is two years since I began to learn English. 我己经学了两年英语。 倒装句中not until通常放在一起。 强调句也可用一般现在时。如： [答案]C It is two hours that he spends on English every day. )[真题5](2004·福建)It was with great joy ③强调句型与Itis/was not long before.,从句 he received the news that his lost daughter had been 试比较： found. It was two years before he came back from abroad. A.because B.which It was two years later that he came back from abroad. C.since D.that 两个句子都意为“他两年后回国的”，第一句中t指时 [解析]如果我们把句中的it,was和横线部分都去掉，那 间，before引导状语从句；第二句中强调状语two years lat- 么句子剩下的部分可以调整为：He received the news that his lost daughter had been found with great joy.其中的介词短语 with great joy是被强调部分，即强调状语。 )[真题6](2023·重庆)It was with the help of the local [答案]D guide the mountain climber was rescued. A.who B.that 解题模型1.2 C.when D.how 强调句型与其他带有t的复合句型的区别 [解析]考查强调句型。该句可还原为the mountain (1)与主语从句的区别： climber was rescued with the help of the local guide,故可知为强 It is there that accidents often happen..(强调句) 调句，答案选B。 那个地方经常发生事故。 [答案]B It is a fact that English is being accepted as an interna- )汇真题](2005·全国I)It wasn't until nearly a month tional language.(主语从句) later I received the manager's reply. 英语正被接受为国际语言，这已成为一个事实。 A.since B.when 强调句与主语从句虽然在形式上很相似：都含有1tis C.as D.that was.that..,但是它们有一个很重要的区别，强调句去掉it [解析]考查强调句型。it is not until..that为“直到…… is/was..that之后，句子结构仍然完整，而主语从句却不 才”（强调结构）的意思。该句意为：直到一个月后，我才收到经 能，所以第一句可改为：Accidents often happen there.,第二 理的答复。 句却不能改为：A fact English is being accepted as an inter [答案]D national language. )[真题8](2005·天津)It is what you do rather than (2)与定语从句的区别： It is novels that Miss William enjoys reading. what you say matters. 该句强调宾语，句意：威廉小姐喜欢读的是小说。 A.that B.what C.which D.this 114 [解析]考查强调句型。该句意为：是你做的而不是你说 A.neither won't Tom 的有关系。 B.Tom won't either [答案]A C.Tom will too D.so will Tom 题源2倒装句 [解析]考查倒装句。句意为：Jane今晚不会来和我们吃 饭，Tom也不会。此处为否定表示某人也不会怎样时，用固定句 解题模型2.1 型Neither/Nor十系动词/助动词/情态动词+主语。故此题答 全部倒装。即谓语动词在主语的前面。这类句型主 案为B。 要有以下几种形式： [答案]B (1)在there be句型中（其中be动词还可换成seem, 解题模型2.2 live,stand,lie,appear,exist,.come等动词)要全部倒 装。如： 部分倒装。只把谓语的一部分（多为助动词或情态动 Long long ago,there lived a king who liked horse very 词)置于主语之前的句子，为部分倒装句。其类型主要有： much.很久以前，有一位国王很喜欢马。 (1)oly修饰状语位于句首时，谓语部分要倒装。如： Since you have repaired my TV set,there is no need Only then did I realize the importance of mathematics. for me to buy a new one. 仅在那时我才意识到数学的重要性。 既然你已经修好了我的电视机，我没必要买一台新的。 Only in this way can you solve this problem. (2)such在句中作表语或定语位于句首时，要倒 只能通过此方法，你才能解决这个问题。 装。如： Only being injured will some animals attack a human Such was the force of the explosion that all the being.只有受到伤害，一些动物才会袭击人。 windows were broken. 注意： 爆炸力如此之大，以致所有的窗户都震破了。 only修饰主语时，不能倒装。如： Such a moving film was it that they were all lost in Only he/Tom knows the secret. thought after it was over. 只有他/汤姆知道这个秘密。 电影如此感人以致让他们看后陷入沉思。 (2)s0十系动词/助动词/情态动词十主语，用在肯定句 (3)以here,here,now,then,thus等引起的句子中， 中表示“也…”时，句子要倒装。如： 谓语动词常为be,come,go等，要用全部倒装。如： Pioneer men and women endured terrible hardship, Here are some picture-books.这儿是些连环画。 and so did their children. Then came a new difficulty..接着来了新的问题。 男女先驱者都忍受了巨大的痛苦，他们的孩子也 若主语是代词则不用倒装。如： 如此。 Here they are.他们在这儿。 I went there yesterday,so did she. (4)以“down,up,out,away”等表示位置转移的副词 我昨天去了那儿，她也去了。 位于句首时，要倒装。如： 注意： Up went the arrow into the sky.箭冲上了天空。 若两个动词的形式不一样时，就得用so it is with, In came the teacher,.老师进来了。 或so it is the case with..。如： 但主语为代词时，则句子不能倒装。如： -Jane is a good student and works hard.-简是一 Out he rushed.他冲了出去。 个好学生，学习很努力。 (5)地点状语位于句首，变成强调地点时，句子要倒 一So it is with Tom.一汤姆也是一样。 装。如： 若两个主语一致时，则表示强调，不能倒装，此时$0表 On the top of the hill stands a temple where the old 示“的确如此”。如： man once lived.那位老人曾经居住过的庙在山顶上。 一It was cold yesterday.一昨天很冷。 In a lecture hall of a university in England sat a professor. 一S0 it was.—的确如此。 在英格兰的一所大学的学术讲座厅里坐着一位教授。 as有时也有类似的用法。如： (6)形容词、分词作表语提到句首时，为了描述生动或 our eating habits have changed,as has our way of life. 平衡句子结构时，要倒装。如： 我们的饮食习惯发生了变化，正如我们的生活方式一样。 Standing beside the window was a boy aged about 6. (3)neither,nor用于否定句表示“也不”时，要倒装。如： 一个大约6岁的孩子站在窗户旁。 Tom doesn't like bananas,neither/nor do I. Seated in the first line are some advanced workers. 汤姆不喜欢香蕉，我也不喜欢。 几名先进工人坐在第一排。 If you don't go to the concert tonight,neither/nor will I. 如果你今晚不去听音乐会，我也不去。 )[真题9](2023·全国Ⅱ)Jane won't join us for dinner -I don't think I can walk any further. tonight and -Neither can I!Let's stop here for a rest. 。 115· [解析]考查倒装句型。此题考查not.,until句型的倒装 (4)否定副词或短语置于句首时，要倒装。这样的副 句，其句型为：Not until-十从句十助动词+主语+谓语十其他，据 词有： 此排除C、D项；until的主从句均使用一般过去时态，故答案 never,no,hardly,scarcely,barely,seldom,little, 为B。 not,nowhere,rarely,in no time,in no case,under/in no [答案]B circumstances等。如： C )[真题ll](20l8·重庆)I've tried very hard to improve Not a single mistake did he make..他没犯一，点错误。 Never before have I seen such a moving film. my English.But by no means with my pro 我以前从未看过这么动人的电影。 gress. (5)几个复合句型的倒装： A.the teacher is not satisfied ①not.until(直到…，才…)。如： B.is the teacher not satisfied Not until he returned did we have supper. C.the teacher is satisfied 2 no sooner...than.../hardly...when/scarcely...when D.is the teacher satisfied 一…，就……）。如： [解析]此题的关键是词组“by no means'”。当否定的副词 No sooner had the bell rung than the teacher came in. 或词组位于句首时，全句需要倒装。如：Never in my life have I 铃声一响，老师就进来了。 seen such a thing.Seldom have we felt as comfortable as here. ③not only...but also.(不但…，而且…)。如： [答案]D Not only was he forced to stay home,but also he had )[真题12](2005·广东) Carolina couldn't to do his homework. get the door open. ④s0.that.(如此…，以致…)。如： A.Try as she might So clearly does he speak that we all understand what B.As she might try he says. C.She might as try ⑤neither...nor..(既不…，也不…)。如： D.Might she as try Neither has he called on her,nor will he do so [解析]as引导的让步状语从句要使用倒装。本题考查的 他没有拜访她，并且将来也不拜访她。 ⑥动词/名词/形容词/副词/不定代词十as或though十 是其中的一种形式，即动词提前，其情态动词置后。 主语十谓语作让步状语的倒装。如： [答案]A (名词)Child as he is,he knows a lot.. )[真题13](2005·江苏) about wild plants (动词)Object as you may,I will go. that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for further Hard as/though she had worked,she failed the research. exam. A.So curious the couple was (形容词)Poor as he may be,he lives a happy life. B.So curious were the couple (代词)Much as I told you,you didn't listen.. C.How curious the couple were ⑦the more.,the more.(越…，就越…)。如： D.The couple was such curious The more you learn,the more equipped for life [解析]根据句子中的that及句意，排除C。so修饰形容 you are. 词或副词，故排除D。如果$0及所修饰词放在句首时，应用倒装 The harder you work,the greater progress you'll 结构，故排除A。 make. [答案]B ⑧whatever,however引导让步状语从句强调形容词 ( )[真题14](2018·广东)So difficult it to 或副词时，句子要倒装。如： work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for ad- However hard he tried,he could hardly avoid making vice. mistakes in his homework. A.I did find Whatever I gave him,he refused. B.did I find No matter how many difficulties you meet with,you C.I have found should try to overcome them. D.have I found )[真题I0](2023·福建)Not until he went through real [解析]倒装句型。在英语中有时为了突出状语，便把状 hardship the love we have for our families is 语提前，主谓倒装。例如：So bright was the moon that the important. flowers were as bright as by day.(皓月当空，花朵就像白天那样 A.had he realized 鲜艳。)然后根据decided可知该句描述的是一种“过去”的事情， B.did he realize 而非强调“现在”的影响，所以B为最佳选项。 C.he realized [答案]B D.he had realized ·116 解题模型2.3 )[真题16](2004·全国Ⅱ)When first to the 其他形式的倒装 market,these products enjoyed great success. (1)虚拟语气中，省略if,把were/should/had提到 A.introducing 句首。 B.introduced Had it not been for the free tickets,I would not C.introduce have gone to the film so often. D.being introduced =If it had not been for the free tickets,... [解析]该句可补全为“When they(these products)were Should it rain tomorrow,we would have to put off the first introduced to the market..." visit to the Great Wall. 「答案]B =If it should rain tomorrow,... )[真题17](2005·福建)When help,one (2)表示祝愿的语句。如： often says“Thank you.,”or“lt's kind of you.” May you succeed Long live the friendship between us! A.offering (3)疑问句和感叹句中。如： B.to offer “Who is it?”said/asked my mother. C.to be offered “Who is it?”the teacher asked us. D.offered What a beautiful day it is! [解析]考查省略句型。从句补全应为“when one was of- )[真题15](2018·湖北) fired,your health fered help”,其中“one was”被省略。 care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. [答案]D A.Would you be B.Should you be C.Could you be D.Might you be 解题模型3.2 [解析]本题正确答案的选择有两步：首先，清楚虚拟条件 虚拟语气中if和should的省略 从句中根据时间确定的三种动词形式，即：had十p.p.(过去)、动 (1)在条件从句中，将助动词提到句首，省去f。如： 词的过去式（现在）、were to do/did/should do(将来)；第二步，根 If we had known about the plans for the factory,we 据主句的时态判断出从句动作的时间也为将来，此处省略了f。 would never have bought the house. 由此可选出正确答案。 -Had we known about the plans for the factory,we [答案]B would never have bought the house. 题源3省略 If I were you,I would not do it like that. Were I you,I would not do it like that. 解题模型3.1 (2)主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句中省略should。.如： The workers demanded that their wages(should)be 状语从句的省略 increased. (1)在时间、地点、条件、方式或让步状语从句中，如果 类似的动词还有：suggest,advise,ask,insist,order, 谓语含有动词be,主语又与主句的主语一致或主语是it prefer,propose,request,require,command,recommend 时，主谓均可以省略。如： It is desired that we(should)arrive there before dark. ①时间状语从句： It is necessary that he(should)know it. Please come here as soon as(it is)possible. My suggestion that we(should)visit the exhibition at ②地点状语从句： once Fill in the blanks with articles where(it is)necessary. ③条件状语从句： )「真题18] (2ol8·江苏)一Don'tyou think it necessary She won't come to the party unless(she is)invited. that he to Miami but to New York? ④方式状语从句： -I agree,but the problem is he has I wonder why he didn't do as(he was)told to. refused to. ⑤比较状语从句： A.will not be sent;that It is much colder today than(it was)yesterday. B.not be sent;that ⑥让步状语从句： C.should not be sent;what Though(they were)tired,they went on walking. D.should not send;what (2)状语从句省略主语时，其后用现在分词表示该动 [解析]在it is necessary that..句型中，that引导的主语从 词与省略的主语是主谓关系，用过去分词则表示为动宾关 句中，谓语用“should十动词原形”，其中should可以省略。 系。如： [答案]B Be careful when(you are)crossing the street. Once(he is)burnt,a child dare not touch the fire again. 117· 解题模型3.3 (3)不定式作表语时，若主语为what引导的主语从 定语从句中关系代词的省略 句，不定代词al作主语被定语从句修饰或含有.thing的 (1)作宾语的关系代词常可以省略（非限制性定语从 定语从句作主语时，如果其前出现过d。的各种形式，不定 句除外)。 式中“to”可以省去。如： He lost the watch(that/which)he bought yesterday. What he can do is(to)wait. (2)关系副词：when,why,where有时也可以省略。如： The only thing he could do was(to)wait. That's the very reason(why)I want to kill you. All that he can do is(to)wait. This is the place(where)the accident happened yester- (4)固定结构或句型中常省去“to”。 day. can't(help)but do... (3)the way,the time后面的定语从句，常省略关系代 Why not do...? 词。如： prefer to do...rather than do I don't like the way he speaks to others. to do and/or do I didn't know the time he arrived. )[真题21] (2023·新课标I)The driver wanted to park )[真题19](2005·北京)-Why does she always ask his car near the roadside but was asked by the police you for help？ A.not to do B.not to -There is no one else is there? C.not do D.do not A.who to turn to [解析]考查不定式的省略。根据句意：这个司机想把车 B.she can turn to 停靠在路边，但警察叫他别那样做。短语ask sb.not to do sth., C.for whom to turn 其被动式be asked not to do。其中do即为前文的park,故省略， D.for her to turn 仅保留不定式符号to。故选B。 [解析]题中包含短语“turn to sb.for help'”,意思是“向某 [答案]B 人求助”。答语可以转换成：There is no one else who(whom) 解题模型3.5 she can turn to..其中关系代词who/whom作turn to的宾语，被 省略。句意是：没有她可以求助的其他人了，是吗？ “替代性”省略 [答案]B (1)not think,suppose,believe,guess,expect,be )[真题20](2004·湖北)What surprised me was not afraid等连用，代替否定的宾语从句；so代替肯定的宾语从 句。如： what he said but he said it. -Do you think he's got the meaning of the text? A.the way -I expect so/1 expect not. B.in the way that (2)“s0十谓语十主语”倒装句子用于肯定的情况， C.in the way “neither/nor十谓语十主语”用于否定的情况。如： D.the way which Tom works hard on his study.So does Jennifer. [解析]本题中the way后的关系词that/in which被省 If you don't go there,neither shall I. 略，需要说明的是，wy后面的定语从句中的关系词可以带上， (3)在have,need,ought,be going,used等后面，省 也可以省略，且省略的用法更常见一些。 略动词而保留t0。如： [答案]A I didn't want to go there,but I had to. (4)在某些形容词glad,happy,pleased,.delighted等 解题模型3.4 后面，省略动词而保留t0。如 不定式中“to”的省略 -Will you join in the game?-I'd be glad to. (I)感观动词(see,feel,hear,notice,watch,observe, (5)否定形式的省略用not to。如： listen to等)和使役动词(let,make,have)后接不定式作宾语 -Shall I go instead of him？一I prefer not to.. 补足语时，省略to,但在被动式中不能省略(let除外)。如： (6)如果不定式中含有be,have,have been,通常保留 1 heard someone sing in the next room. be,have和have been。如： The thief was noticed to slip into the room. -Are you a sailor?-No,but I used to be. (2)动词help和介词but,except后的不定式作宾语 -He hasn't finished yet.-Well,he ought to have. 时，有时必须省略t0。如： )[真题22](2018·重庆)一Mr Gordon asked me to re He will help(me)(to)work out the problem. mind you of the meeting this afternoon.Don't you He did nothing but wait all the time. 若句中but/except前无do/does/did,则to不能省去。如： forget it! He has no choice but to wait. 一OK,1 A.won't B.don't C.will D.do 118· [解析]对于祈使句，简略回答常用1wl表示“乐于去做 某事”；用Iwon't许诺“将不会做某事”。 逻辑主语，就用v.ing形式；若是动宾关系，即名词或代词 [答案]A 是动词的逻辑宾语，用0.ed形式。 )[真题23](2018·江西)一1 reminded you not to forget (3)名词或代词十形容词。如： He entered the room,his nose red with cold. the appointment. 他进到房间里，鼻子冻得红红的。 He sat in the front row,his mouth half open. A.So you did B.So I do not 他坐在前排，半张着嘴。 C.So did you D.So do I The largest collection ever found in England was one [解析]do,did,does可以代替前面的动词，以避免重复。 of about 200,000 silver pennies,all of them over 600 years do常与so等组成复合替代形式：①“so十主语十be/助动词/情 old.英格兰发现的最大收藏是20万枚银制便士，它们都有 态动词”。表示对上一句的肯定或赞同，意为“的确如此”，上下 600余年的历史。 文的主语是相同的人或物。②“so十be/助动词/情态动词十主 (4)名词或代词十副词。如： 语”表示该主语与上一句的动作一致，“…也一样”。 Dinner over,we decide to play bridge. [答案]A 吃过晚饭，我们决定打桥牌。 )[真题24](2004·江苏)一You haven't lost the ticket,. The meal over,prays were read by Miss Miller. 饭后，米物小姐开始读祈祷文。 have you? The meeting being over,our headmaster soon left the I know it's not easy to get another one at meeting room. the moment. 会议一结束，我们校长马上离开了会议室。 A.I hope not B.Yes,I have (5)名词或代词十介词短语。如： C.I hope so D.Yes,I'm afraid so The teacher came into the classroom,book in hand. [解析]根据对话中后者所表达的意思可以看出“I”是不 老师进了教室，手里拿着书。 希望把票弄丢的，故应选择表示否定含义的答语。A项是1 hope 注意： I have not lost the ticket的省略形式。 名词前不需要冠词。 [答案]A The teacher came back suddenly,book in hand. 教师手里拿着书突然回来了。 题源4 独立主格结构 Half an hour later Delia came,her right hand in a bandage. 解题模型4.1 半小时后，迪莉娅回来了，她右手缠着绷带。 常见的构成形式 As quickly as they could,the men ran to the steps and (1)名词或代词十现在分词。如： up into the open,many of them with their clothes on fire. Time (Weather)permitting If time weather) 人们尽快地跑向楼梯，爬到户外，许多人的衣服都烧着了。 permits,we shall have a picnic this weekend. (6)名词或代词十不定式。如： 如果时间（天气）允许的话，我们周末去野餐。 We shall assemble at ten forty-five,the procession to Aluminium being very soft,we can press it easily into start moving at precisely twelve. any shapes desired. 我们必须在十，点四十五分集合，游行队伍在十二点整 铝很软，所以我们能很容易地将它压成所需要的形状。 开始出发。 The decision having been made,the next problem was I send you today three fourths of the sum agreed upon how to make a good plan. between us,the rest to follow within a month. 作出决定后，下一个问题是如何制定一个好的计划。 我今天把我们之间已商定的金颜总数的四分之三寄 (2)名词或代词十过去分词。如： 给你，余下的部分将在一个月内寄去。 The experiment done,the students went on to take A large number of officials followed the emperor, notes in the experiment report. some to hold his robe,others to adjust his girdle,and 实验做完后，学生们在实验报告中继续作记录。 s00n. The job finished,we went home straight away. 许多官员尾随皇帝之后，有的给他拎着衣袍，有的给 工作结束后，我们便立即回了家。 他整理腰带等。 The sum added,we'll have enough money for the trip. The two parties should first reach an agreement on the 如果加上这笔钱，我们旅行的费用就足够了。 basic principle,the details to be worked out later. 注意： 双方首先应该就基本的原则性问题达成协议，细节以 用现在分词还是过去分词，要看前面的名词或代词与 后再订。 后面动词的关系，是主谓关系，即名词或代词作了动词的 119. ( )[真题25](2005·北京)The prize of the game show is )[真题26](2005·北京)I couldn't do my homework 30,000 and all expenses vacation to China. with all that noise A.paying B.paid A.going on B.goes on C.to be paid D.being paid C.went on D.to go on [解析]考查独立主格结构。名词expenses是动词pay表 [解析]考查with复合结构。由于noise与goon之间有 示的动作的承受者，与之构成逻辑动宾关系，因此用py的过去 主动含义，并且with为介词，其后不能用谓语形式，going表示 分词形式，即独立主格结构。 “随着…的进行”，为伴随状语。句意为：在噪音继续的情况下 [答案]B 我不能做作业。 解题模型4.2 [答案]A )[真题27](2005·江西) and no way to reduce with的复合结构 wth的复合结构在句中作状语或定语等，构成形式只 her pain and suffering from the terrible disease,the 是在独立主格结构前+wth,语法功能与独立主格结构相 patient sought her doctor's help to end her life. 同，但独立主格结构中的作逻辑主语的代词用主格，而 A.Having given up hope of cure with,without,Iike等介词复合结构中的逻辑主语用名词 B.With no hope for cure 或代词。如： C.There being hope for cure (1)with十名词/代词十分词。如： D.In the hope of cure With the crowds cheering,they drove to the palace. [解析]由句意可知空格内应表示“没有了治愈的希望”， 在人群的欢呼声中，他们驱车来到宫殿。 先排除C,D两项，由于空格后and no way不能与A项结构相吻 With Peter working in Birmingham,and Lucy 合，故亦被排除。 travelling most of the week,the house seems pretty empty. [答案]B 彼得在伯明翰工作，而露西这周多半时间到处跑，屋 里显得空空的。 题源5主谓一致 比较：As time goes on,our life is becoming more beautiful. 解题模型5.1 With time going on,our life is becoming more beauti- 基本原则 ful. 主谓一致是指主语和谓语在人称和数上必须一致。 (2)with十名词/代词十形容词。如： 英语中，主语的单复数形式决定着谓语动词的单复数形 He stared at me with his mouth open. 式。主谓一致必须遵循以下三条原则：语法一致原则、意 他张着嘴，注视着我。 义一致原则、就近原则。 (3)with十名词/代词十介词短语。如： 1.语法一致原则 He stood with his hand in his pocket. 作主语的名词词组中心词和谓语动词在单复数形式 他站着，一只手插在衣袋里。 上的一致，就是语法一致。单数主语、单个动词不定式、动 注意： 名词短语以及句子作主语，谓语动词要用单数形式。复数 与独立主格结构的区别。如： 主语、用and或both.,and连接的动词不定式短语、动名 He ran into the house,sword in hand. 词短语以及主语从句作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。例如： (名词sword前没有冠词) This table is a genuine antique. He ran into the house,with a sword in his hand. Both parties have their own advantages. (名词sword前有冠词) 2.意义一致原则 (4)with十名词/代词+副词。如： (1)主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复 The boy stood there,with his head down. 数。这类词有：people,police,cattle,militia等。例如： 这个男孩站在那儿，低着头。 The crowd were running for their lives. (5)with十名词/代词十不定式。如： (2)主语形式为复数，而意义上却是单数，谓语动词用 With no one to talk to,John felt miserable. 单数。这类词有news,works(工厂)和一些以-ics结尾的 由于没有人说话，约翰感到很难受。 学科名称，如physics,.politics,economics等。例如： (6)with十名词/代词+名词。如： The news was very exciting. She died with her son(being)yet a school boy. 3.就近原则 她去世时儿子还在上学读书。 就近原则即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它 (7)with的复合结构还有可能作定语。如： 的主语。例如： Troy was a strong city with a great and thick wall Either my grandsons or their father is coming. around it. 特洛伊是一座周围有又大又厚的城墙围绕的坚固城市。 120· )[真题28](2005·山东)The country life he was used to greatly since 1992. here引导的句子，主语不止一个时，谓语的数通常与邻近 A.change B.has changed 的名词或代词保持一致。如： C.changing D.have changed Either you or Jane is to be sent to New Zealand. [解析]考查动词时态和主谓一致。“since1992”是现在完 Neither he nor I have finished the experiment. 成时的标志，而且ife是不可数名词，故用单数。 Not only his family but he(also)likes Chaplin's movies. [答案]B 他和他的家人都喜欢卓别林的电影。 Here are some envelops and paper for you. 解题模型5.2 这些是给你的信封和纸。 其他原则 ②专有名词作主语时，后面谓语动词一般用单数。 (1）集体名词group,family,army,enemy, 如：His Selected Poems was published in1965. government等作主语时，如果强调整体，谓语动词用单数 The United States is in North America. 形式；如果强调个体，谓语动词则用复数形式。如： ③以$结尾的不可数名词作主语时，后面谓语动词一 My family is a large and good family.(一个整体) 般用单数：news,goods,plastics,works等。如： The family are on holiday in Europe,(指家庭中的成员) The news is true. (2)集合名词cattle,police,people,folk,youth,majority, ④一些形式为复数（意义表示成双）的名词：trousers, public等在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如： shoes,gloves,clothes,stocks等，谓语动词一般用复数形 The police are searching for the thief. 式。如： (3)不定代词anyone,anybody,anything,everyone, My blue trousers have been worn out. everybody,everything,someone,somebody,something, 但有a/this/that pair of修饰时，则用单数。如： no one,nobody,each,the other等作主语时，谓语动词用 This pair of trousers is black. 单数形式。如： ⑤表示“分数，百分数，部分，许多”等意义的词或短语 Is anybody going to tell him the news? 构成主语部分，其谓语动词用单数还是复数要视其所指意 Everything is ready. 义是单数还是复数而定。如： Someone wants to see you. The rest of the food is to be kept in the refrigerator. Each of the students is given one chance only. The first two problems are very difficult,but the rest 注意： are easy. al若代替可数名词，谓语动词常用复数形式。如： ⑥定语从句中的谓语形式与先行词保持一致。如： All but one were here just now. 1,who am your friend,will leave for Canada. both作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。如： Those who haven't handed in their compositions, Both(of the answers)are(not)correct. please hand them in tomorrow morning. ech作同位语而主语是复数意义时，谓语动词要用复 若which/.as指代一句话的内容时，其谓语动词常用单 数形式。如： 数形式。如： They/The students each have got a new dictionary. He is often late for school,which makes his teacher angry. (4)由each,every,many a,more than one,no等修饰的 As is mentioned above,the number of the students in 主语，或两个并列的名词作主语，谓语动词一般用单数形 senior school is increasing. 式。如： (7)主语后接有说明主语的修饰语，用with,together Many a student has realized the importance of learning with,along with,as well as,like,unlike,not,no less English. than,rather than,more than,including,besides,but,ex- 许多学生认识到学习英语的重要性。 cept,as much as,in addition to等与修饰语连接，谓语动 No sound and no voice is heard. 词不受修饰成分的影响，仍保持同主语一致的关系。如： 一点声响都没有听到。 The teacher as well as students was excited. (5)代词none和neither有时作单数看待，有时作复数 A library with five thousand books is offered to the na 看待，主要由说话人的意思决定。但是代表不可数名词 tion as a gift. 时，只作单数。neither作形容词时与单数名词连用，谓语 (8)当名词词组的中心词是表示度量、时间、距离、价 动词用单数形式。如： 格、金钱、重量等的复数名词时，往往将其视为一个整体， None of them has/have arrived yet. 谓语动词用单数形式。如： 他们一个人也没有到。 Fifteen miles seems like a long walk to me Neither of the students know/knows the answer. Ten dollars is enough for him. 这两位学生都不知道答案。 注意： (6)①当用作主语的两个名词或代词由or,either.. 如果强调数量，谓语动词可用复数。如： or,neither...nor,或not only..but also连接，由there或 One hundred cents make a dollar. 。 121 该句主句为“a large number of women work in the clothing in More than fifty years have passed since they got mar dustry”,根据主谓一致原则，谓语应用复数形式。 ried. [答案]C (9)当主语从句、动名词、不定式作主语时，其后的谓 )[真题32](2018·安徽)Most of what has been said 语动词一般用单数形式。如： about the Smiths also true of the Johnsons. What he would like most for a birthday present is a A.are B.is camera. C.being D.to be Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit. [解析]what has been said about the Smiths是主语从句， Where to find him and how to find him is not known 表示单数，most的单复数由of后的内容决定，所以这个句子的 to us. 注意： 主语是单数。being和tobe都是动词be的非谓语形式，所以都 当what从句表示复数概念时，谓语动词要用复数形 不能作为答案。 式。如： [答案]B What we need badly are English teachers )[真题33](2018·浙江)The company had about20 当两个从句用and连接作主语时，谓语动词常用复数 notebook computers but only one third used 形式。如： regularly.Now we have 60 working all day long. What I think and what I say are no business of yours. A.is B.are (10)形式为复数，意义为单数的名词，谓语动词用单 C.was D.were 数形式。 [解析]一般来讲，分数作主语时，谓语用单数。但是此处 学科名词：physics,politics,maths,mathematics,. 前半句话说了about20 notebook computers,因此它的l/3是复 economics,linguistics等。如： 数。本句的时态是过去时，因此应该用were。 Mathematics is the language of science. [答案]D )[真题29](2023·湖南)One third of the country 题源6反意疑问句 covered with trees and the majority of the citizens black people. 解题模型61 A.is;are B.is;is 陈述部分含有must的反意疑问句 C.are;are D.are;is 当must作“必须"讲时，其反意疑问词用needn't;当含 [解析]考查主谓一致。句意为：这个国家的三分之一的 有mustn't(不允许、禁止)时，其反意疑问词用must/ 国土都被树木覆盖，而且大部分公民为黑人。第一个空前的主 may。如： 语为“这个国家的三分之一国土”作为整体，谓语动词用单数：第 You must go now,needn't you? 二空前的主语为“大部分公民”，故谓语动词用复数。故答案 You mustn't smoke here,must/may you? 选A。 当must表示推测，作“一定，准是”讲时，可首先将句 [答案]A 子改为“1 am sure that.”从句，反意疑问部分的动词形式 )[真题30](2023·安徽)The factory used65 percent of 根据be sure后的宾语从句的谓语动词形式确定。如： the raw materials,the rest of which saved for You must be hungry now, ？→I am sure other purposes. that you are hungry,aren't you?You must be hungry A.is B.are now,aren't you? C.was D.were )[真题34] (2o04·上海)There is no light in the dormitory. [解析]考查主谓一致。句意为：这家工厂使用了65%的 They must have gone to the lecture, 原材料，剩下的留作他用。主句谓语动词为used,故从句动词应 A.didn't they 为过去时，which为定语从句的关系代词，指代先行词raw mate- B.don't they rials,the rest of raw materials的单复数取决于raw materials, C.mustn't they materials为复数，故谓语动词为复数。故选D。 D.haven't they [答案]D [解析]虽然陈述部分的谓语动词有情态动词must,但在 )[真题31](2005·辽宁)Nowadays,a large number of 这里表示推测，所以附加问句不可以再用must。must have done women,especially those from the countryside, 结构是对过去发生的事实进行肯定的推测，根据句子的意思“因 in the clothing industry. 为他们去听报告了，所以灯才一直没有亮”，强调对现在造成的 A.is working B.works 结果，应该是现在完成时，即“They have gone to the lecture, C.work D.worked haven't they?”。如果选择A,则只表示去听过报告，而不能由 [解析]“especially those from the countryside'”是插入语， “灯还没有亮”推断出“现在还没有回来”。 ·122 [答案]D 陈述部分主语 反意疑问句主语 例句 解题模型6.2 One can't be careful enough, 反意疑问句的其他注意要点 one(指人】 one或he can he/one? (1)陈述含有used to的反意疑问句 其反意疑问词用usedn't或didn't均可。如： This isn't a fast train,is it? this,that, it或they These are not your books, You used to sleep with the windows open,usedn't/ these,those are they? didn't you? (2)陈述部分含有ought to的反意疑问句 其反意疑问词用oughtn't或shouldn't均可。如： everything Nothing happened to him, He ought to attend the lecture,oughtn't/shouldn't anything did it? he? something Something has gone wrong (3)陈述部分含有否定词或半否定词的反意疑问句 nothing with this machine,hasn't it? 当陈述部分带有seldom,hardly,scarcely,never, few,little,nothing,nobody等否定词或半否定词时，反意 everyone 疑问部分的动词用肯定形式。如： everybody Everybody agreed to the He could hardly walk without a stick,could he? someone plan,didn't they? (4)陈述部分含有由表示否定意义的前缀构成的词的 somebody he或they Nobody likes to be laughed 反意疑问句 no one nobody at, doesn't he? 其反意疑问部分的动词一般用否定式。如： don't they? Tom dislikes playing tennis,doesn't he? anyone anybody It's unfair,isn't it? (5)含有宾语从句的反意疑问句 不定式、动名 Learning English well takes 当陈述部分带有宾语从句时，反意疑问部分的主语应 it 词、其他短语 a lot of time,doesn't it? 和主句的主语保持一致。如： He said that he would come to my birthday party, There is no doubt about it, didn't he? is there? 但是当主句是I think,I believe,I suppose,I expect, There used to be a church 1 imagine等结构时，反意疑问部分的主语和谓语动词均应 be/情态动词/ here,didn't/usedn't there? there be句型 该和宾语从句的主语和谓语保持一致。如： 助动词十there There will be rain I don't believe he will succeed,will he? tomorrow,won't there? There should be no (6)祈使句的反意疑问句 problem,should there? 祈使句后加反意疑问句，不表示反意，而表示一种语 气。其结构为： 否定祈使句，+will you?? )[真题35] (2023·重庆)I told them not everybody 肯定新使句，+will/won'tyou? could run as fast as you did, Let's...,+shall we? A.could he Let us...,+will/won't you? B.didn't I Let+第三人称，十will you?如： C.didn't you Open the door,will/won't you? D.could they Let's go out for a walk,shall we? [解析]考查反意疑问句。句意：我告诉他们并不是每一 (7)回答反意疑问句时应遵循的原则 个人跑得都和你一样快，不是吗？在反意疑问句中，若陈述部分 ①要么肯定，要么否定，不能出现Yes,1don't.和No, 是一个主从复合句，附加部分通常与主句一致，本句含有宾语从 Ido.的形式。 句且主句为I told them.。故答案选B。 ②不要看汉语如何翻译，只看所提到的事情是否发 [答案]B 生。如果发生了，用肯定回答，否则用否定回答。当对方 )[真题36](2021·湖南)You and I could hardly work 问你You aren't a teacher,are you?或You are a teacher, together, aren'tyou?时，你只要听懂you和teacher两个单词即可， A.could you B.couldn't I 如果你是老师，回答Yes,Iam.,否则回答No,1 am not..。 C.couldn't we D.could we (8)反意疑问句的主语和陈述部分的主语在人称、数 [解析]句意：我和你几乎不能共事，对吗？反意疑问句与 上保持一致的几种情况 前句的主语要一致，而且意思要相反。 [答案]D 。 123· 题源7 祈使句和感叹句 你会学到很多消防方面的知识。本句考查“祈使句十and十陈述 句”结构，所以句首用动词原形。 [答案]D 解题模型7.1 祈使句 解题模型7.2 用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使 感叹句 句。祈使句因对象（即主语）是第二人称，所以通常都省略。 感叹句是用来表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情的句子。它 Go and wash your hands.去洗你的手。（命令） 主要有what和how引导的两种句型，what常用来修饰名 Be quiet,please./Please be quiet..请安静。（请求） 词，how常用来修饰形容词、副词或动词。 Be kind to your sister.对妹妹要和善。（劝告） 1.What构成的感叹句 Watch your steps,走路小心。（警告） (1)What十名词十主语（代词）+谓语(be)! Keep off the grass..勿踏草坪。（禁止） Oh,what a wind it is！啊，风真大！ 祈使句没有出现主语。事实上有主语，就是第二人称 What a fool he is！他真是个笨蛋！ yOu,只不过省略掉了。 (2)What十a/an十形容词十名词十主语（代词）+谓语 (You)Sit down,please.请坐。（是对第二人称而言） (be)! Li Lei,come and have a drink,please..李雷，请过来喝 What a clever boy he is！他是多么聪明的孩子呀！ 点饮料。（对第三人称而言，是呼语） (3)What十形容词十名词+主语+谓语！ (1)祈使句的肯定句式有三种形式。 What beautiful flowers they are！这些花多么漂亮呀！ ①D0型（以行为动词原形开头） What bad news it is!这是多糟糕的消息呀！ Sit down坐下！ 2.How构成的感叹句 ②Be型（以be开头） (1)How十主语十谓语！ Be quiet安静！ How we laughed！我们笑得多欢！ ③Let型（以let开头） (2)H0w十形容词/副词十主语+谓语！ Let me help you.,让我来帮助你。 How well she sings!她唱得多好啊！ 注意：三种祈使句中D0型是最常见、最简单的一种结构。 (3)How十形容词+a/an十名词+主语十谓语！ 表示请求、劝告的祈使句还常常在句前或句末加上 How beautiful a picture it is！多么漂亮的一幅画啊！ Please,构成句式：Please.,或…please以使语气更加缓和 省略主语和谓语。如： 或客气。 What an interesting book(it is)! Please stand up./Stand up,please,.请站起来。 How wonderful(itis)！ (2)祈使句的否定结构是以“Don't十动词原形”开头。 其他形式的感叹句。如： Don't go there,please,请别去那儿。 How can you be so silly！你怎么这么傻！ Don't be late..不要迟到。 The design and the colours！多美的图案和色彩！ 注意：Let型祈使句，其否定式是在人称代词后加not,即 To sell such a suit to a millionaire! “Let十人称十not十动词原形”。 竞然把这样一套衣服卖给了一个百万富翁！ Let's not go swimming.I can't swim. 不要去游泳了。我不会游。 )[真题38](2023·辽宁) a strange plant！I've never seen it before. )[真题37](2020·湖南) the website of the A.Which Fire Department in your city,and you will learn a lot B.What about firefighting. C.How A.Having searched D.Whether B.To search [解析]考查感叹句。句意为：多奇怪的植物啊！我以前 C.Searching 从来没有见过。此处为“What a/an十adj,十n.+(itis/was)!” D.Search 结构，故选B。 [解析]句意：到网上去浏览一下你所在城市的消防机构， [答案]B ·124· 十年高考母题原型训练 (★代表高考出现的频次) B.do I doubt A组 C.I have doubted 题源1强调句（★★★★） D.did I doubt ( )2.(2023·过宁)At no time the rules of the ( )1.(2023·重庆)It was80 years before Christopher Co- game.It was unfair to punish them. lumbus crossed the Atlantic Zheng He sailed A.they actually broke to East Africa. B.do they actually break A.when C.did they actually break B.that D.they had actually broken C.after ( )3.(2023·江西)Never before seen anybody D.since who can play tennis as well as Robert. )2.(2023·湖南)It was not until I came here A.had she realized this place was famous for not only its beauty B.she had but also its weather. C.has she A.who D.she has B.that )4.(2o23·辽宁)Not until he retired from teaching three C.where years ago having a holiday abroad. D.before A.he had considered )3.(2022·湖南)John's success has nothing to do with B.had he considered good luck.It is years of hard work has made C.he considered him what he is today. D.did he consider A.why ( )5.(2023·天津)Only after Mary read her composition B.when the second time the spelling mistake. C.which A.did she notice D.that B.she noticed )4.(2022·安徽)It was from only a few supplies that she C.does she notice had bought in the village the hostess cooked D.she has noticed such a nice dinner. ( )6.(2023·湖南)Only after they had discussed the matter A.where for several hours a decision. B.that A.they reached C.when B.did they reach D.which C.they reach )5.(2021·浙江)一I've read another book this week. D.do they reach -Well,maybe is not how much you read ( )7.(2023·福建)一lt's nice.Never before such but what you read that counts. a special drink! A.this -I'm glad you like it. B.that A.I have had C.there B.I had D.it C.have I had D.had I 题源2倒装句（★★★★★） ( )8.(2022·江西)Not until he left his home to ()l.(2023·江苏)“Never for a second,”the boy says, know how important the family was for him. 4 that my father would come to my rescue. A.did he begin A.I doubted B.had he began ·125· C.he began )2.(2021·江苏)一What's the matter with Della? D.he had began -Well,her parents wouldn't allow her to go to the ( )9.(2022·重庆)At the meeting place of the Yangtze party,but she still River and the Jialing River one of the ten A.hopes to largest cities in China. B.hopes so A.lies Chongqing C.hopes not B.Chongqing lies D.hopes for C.does lie Chongqing ( )3.(2021·辽宁)-Sorry,do you mind if I smoke here? D.does Chongqing lie 一Yes, ( )10.(2022·陕西)John opened the door.There A.you could he had never seen before. B.go ahead A.a girl did stand C.I do B.a girl stood D.my pleasure C.did a girl stand ( )4.(2021·陕西)一Have you finished your first paper? D.stood a girl Just half of it,how about you? )11.(2022·四川)We laugh at jokes,but seldom A.Not at all about how they work. B.Not likely A.we think C.Not a bit B.think we D.Not yet C.we do think ( )5.(2020·江苏)It shouldn't take long to clear up after D.do we think the party if we all volunteer to help. )12.(2022·江苏)-Is everyone here？ 一That's right.. 一Not yet...Look,there the rest of our A.Many hands make light work guests！ B.Something is better than nothing A.come C.The more the merrier B.comes D.The sooner begun,the sooner done C.is coming ( )6.(2020·海南、宁夏)一What fruit is in season now? D.are coming -Pears and apples, )13.(2021·上海)Hearing the dog barking fiercely,away A.I know B.I think A.fleeing the thief C.I see B.was fleeing the thief C.the thief was fleeing D.I feel ( )7.(2020·福建)一Who should be responsible for the ac- D.fled the thief cident? ( )14.(2021·辽宁) is the power of TV that it can -The boss,not the workers.They just carried out make a person suddenly famous. A.Such the order B.This A.as told C.That B.as are told D.So C.as telling D.as they told 题源3省略（★★★★） ( )8.(2020·安微)-Have you got any particular plans for ( )L.(2022·浙江)The experiment shows that proper amounts the coming holiday？ of exercise,if regularly,can improve our -Yes. I'm going to visit some homes for health. the old in the city. A.being carried out A.If ever B.carrying out B.If busy C.carried out C.If anything D.to carry out D.If possible ·126· 题源4独立主格结构（★） B组 ()1.(2019·福建)-Come on,please give me some ideas 题源1强调句（★★★★） about the project. -Sorry.With so much work my mind,I al- ( )1.(2021·江西)It was he came back from Af- most break down. rica that year he met the girl he would like to A.filled marry. B.filling A.when;then C.to fill B.not;until D.being filled C.not until;that ()2.(2005·湖南)1 send you 100 dollars today,the rest D.only;when in a year. ()2.(2020·天津)It was along the Mississippi River A.follows Mark Twain spent much of his childhood. B.followed A.how C.to follow B.which D.being followed C.that D.where 题源5主谓一致（★★★） ( )3.(2020·全国Ⅱ)It was in New Zealand Eliz- )l.(2022·天津)Traditional folk arts of Tianjin like paper abeth first met Mr Smith. cutting at the culture show of the 2010 A.that Shanghai World Expo. B.how A.are exhibiting C.which B.is exhibiting D.when C.are being exhibited )4.(2020·重庆)It was not until midnight they D.is being exhibited reached the camp site. )2.(2022·湖南)Listening to loud music at rock concerts A.that B.when caused hearing loss in some teenagers. C.while D.as A.is 题源2倒装句（★★★★★） B.are C.has )1.(2021·山东)So sudden that the enemy had D.have no time to escape. ()3.(2022·四川)Such poets as Shakespeare A.did the attack widely read,of whose works,however,some B.the attack did difficult to understand. C.was the attack A.are;are D.the attack was B.is;is ( )2.(2021·天津)I travel to the Binhai New Area by light C.are;is railway every day, do many businessmen D.is:are who live in downtown Tianjin. ()4.(2022·全国Ⅱ)Barbara is easy to recognize as she's A.as the only one of the women who evening B.which dress. C.when A.wear D.though B.wears ( )3.(2021·宁夏、海南)The computer was used in C.has worn teaching.As a result,not only ,but D.have worn students became more interested in the lessons )5.(2021·湖南)Either you or one of your students A.saved was teachers'energy to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. B.was teachers'energy saved A.are B.is C.teachers'energy was saved C.have D.be D.was saved teachers'energy ·127· )4.(2021·四川)Not until I came home last night D.did I realize to bed. )12.(2020·陕西)Not until the motorbike looked almost A.Mum did go new repairing and cleaning it. B.did Mum go A.he stopped C.went Mum B.did he stop D.Mum went C.stopped he )5.(2021·重庆)Unsatisfied with the payment, D.he did stop he took the job just to got some work experience. )13.(2020·上海)So much of interest that most A.though was he visitors simply run out of time before seeing it all. B.though he was A.offers Beijing C.he was though B.Beijing offers D.was he though C.does Beijing offer ）6.(2021·江苏)Distinguished guests and friends, D.Beijing does offer welcome to our school, the ceremony of 题源3省略（★★★★） the 50th Anniversary this morning are our alumni (校友)from home and abroad. )L.(2020·辽宁)Bill wasn't happy about the delay of the A.attend report by Jason,and B.to attend A.I was neither B.neither was I C.attending D.having attended C.I was either D.either was I ( )7.(2021·陕西)Little about her own safety, ( )2.(0l9·四川l)The flowers his friend gave him will die though she was in great danger herself. unless every day. A.did Rose care A.watered B.Rose did care B.watering C.Rose does care C.water D.does Rose care D.to water )8.(2021·福建)For a moment nothing happened.Then )3.(2019·重庆)-Do you have any idea what Paul does all shouting together. all day? A.voices had come -As I know,he spends at least as much time playing B.came voices as he C.voices would come A.writes D.did voices come B.does writing ()9.(2020·江西)It was announced that only when the fire C.is writing was under control to return to their homes. D.does write A.the residents would be permitted )4.(20l9·全国Ⅱ)If Joe's wife won't go to the party, B.had the residents been permitted C.would the residents be permitted A.he will either D.the residents had been permitted B.neither will he )10.(2020·江苏) you eat the correct foods C.he neither will be able to keep fit and stay healthy. D.either he will A.Only if;will you )5.(2019·江苏)-My room gets very cold at night. B.Only if you will C.Unless;will you A.So is mine D.Unless;you will B.So mine is ( )iL.(2020·重庆)Only when I left my parents for Italy C.So does mine how much I loved them. D.So mine does A.I realized 题源5主谓一致（★★★） B.I had realized C.had I realized )l.(2021·四川)The teacher together with the students ·128· discussing Reading Skills that )2.(2021·辽宁)It's the first time that he has been to newly published in America. Australia, A.are;were A.isn't he B.is;were B.hasn't he C.are;was C.isn't it D.is;was D.hasn't it )2.(2021·江西)At present,one of the arguments in ( )3.(2o21·陕西)He must be helping the old man to water favor of the new airport that it will bring a the flowers, lot of jobs to the area. A.is he A.is B.are B.isn't he C.will be D.were C.must he )3.(20l9·江西)A survey of the opinions of experts D.mustn't he that three hours of outdoor exercise a week good 题源7祈使句和感叹句（★★） for one's health. A.show;are ( )1.(2022·四川)If you have a job, yourself to B.shows;is it and finally you'll succeed. C.show;is A.do devote D.shows;are B.don't devote ( )4.(2019·浙江)Professor James will give us a lecture on C.devoting the western culture,but when and where yet. D.not devoting A.hasn't been decided )2.(2020·湖南) the website of the Fire Depart- B.haven't decided ment in your city,and you will learn a lot about fire- C.isn't being decided fighting. D.aren't decided A.Having searched )5.(2ol9·湖南)We live day by day,but in the great B.To search things,the time of days and weeks so small C.Searching that a day is unimportant. D.Search A.is ( )3.(2020·全国Ⅱ)Stand over there you'll be B.are able to see the oil painting better. C.has been A.but B.till D.have been C.and D.or ( )4.(2o19·北京)-How can I apply for an online course? 题源6反意疑问句（★★★）》 -Just fill out this form and we what we can )1.(2023·湖南)There is little doubt in your mind that he do for you. is innocent, A.see A.is there B.are seeing B.isn't there C.have seen C.is he D.will see D.isn't he ( )5.(20l9·辽宁)Help others whenever you can you will make the world a nicer place to live in. A.and B.or C.unless D.but ·129