内容正文:
七上新人教版Starter Unit 1 单词笔记(含小学词汇)
1. hello / hi int.(感叹词)你好
· 表问候:
· A: How do you do?(你好!)
· B: How do you do?
· A: How are you?(你好吗?)
· B: I'm doing well. / Just so-so. / Not so bad.
· 初次见面:
· Nice to meet you.(很高兴认识你。)
· Nice to meet you, too.(我也很高兴认识你。)
· 熟人见面:
· Nice to see you.(很高兴见到你。)
· Nice to see you, too.(我也很高兴见到你。)
【补充】
· How are you? 更地道的回答:I'm good. / Pretty good. / Can't complain.
· How do you do? 是非常正式的用法,现在口语中已较少使用,但考试会考。
2. how adv.(副词) 如何;怎样
· how 的多种提问方式:
· How old → 问年龄(How old are you?)
· How many → 问可数名词数量(How many books?)
· How much → 问不可数名词数量/价格(How much water? / How much is it?)
· How often → 问频率(How often do you exercise?)
· How long → 问时间长度(How long does it take?)
· How far → 问距离(How far is your school?)
3. do
词性①: aux.(助动词)——无实际意思,用于构成疑问句和否定句
词性②: v.(动词)——做;干
例句: I do my homework every day.
【补充】
· 第三人称单数用 does:
· She does her homework every day.
· She doesn't like it.
· Does she like it?
4. people n.(名词) 人们;人民
补充: 表示“一个人”用 person(n. 人)
例句: There are many people in the park.
· people 本身就是复数概念,不加 s(❌ peoples,除非指“多个民族”)
· She is a nice person.
5. good adj.(形容词)好的
· be good at = do well in 擅长于……
例句: I am good at playing tennis.
· be good for 对……有益
例句: Exercise is good for our health.
· good 和 well 的区别:
· good → adj. 修饰名词:She is a good student.
· well → adv. 修饰动词:She speaks English well. / 作 adj. 表示“身体好”:I'm not feeling well.
6. Ms n.(名词)女士(不指明婚姻状况)
对比:
· Miss 未婚女士
· Mrs 已婚女士
· Mr 先生
· 不知道对方婚姻状况时,一律用 Ms(最安全、最礼貌)。
· 称呼后必须加姓氏:Ms Wang, Mr Brown(不能单独说 Ms)
7. class n.(名词)班级;课;等级
① 班级
例句: We are in Class 9, Grade 7.
② 课
例句: We are having an English class.
· class 作“班级”时,强调集体概念:
· The class is big.(指班级整体 → 谓语用单数)
· The class are all excited.(指班级里的所有人 → 谓语用复数)
8. sit v.(动词)坐
短语: sit down 坐下
反义词: stand up 起立
· sit 的现在分词要双写 t + ing:sitting
· 同类双写动词:get → getting, run → running, swim → swimming(超高频考点!)
9. say v.(动词)说;讲
· say / speak / tell / talk 辨析:
· say → 强调说的内容(say hello to sb.)
· speak → 强调说某种语言 / 正式发言(speak English)
· tell → 强调“告诉” + 讲故事/秘密(tell me a story)
· talk → 强调“交谈”双方互动(talk about the movie)
10. a / an / the art.(冠词)
对比:a/an vs the
· a/an 泛指(第一次提到)
· the 特指(再次提到或双方都知道)
例句: I have an apple. The apple is sweet.
· a 用于辅音音素开头的词:a book, a pen, a university (/juː/ 辅音)
· an 用于元音音素开头的词:an apple, an hour (h不发音), an honest boy
· 乐器前用 the:play the piano
· 球类前不加 the:play basketball
· 三餐前不加 the:have breakfast
11. am v.(系动词)是
be 动词变位:
· I → am
· You → are
· He/She/It → is
· We/You/They → are
例句: I am a student.
· am 只和 I 连用,固定搭配。
· I am = I'm;否定式:I am not = I'm not.
12. thank v.(动词)谢谢
常见表达:
· Thank you. / Thanks. / Thanks a lot. / Many thanks.
答语:
· You're welcome.(不用谢。)
· That's all right.(没事。)
· No problem.(没问题。)
· My pleasure.(我的荣幸。)
13. now adv.(副词)现在
例句: We are having an English class now.
· now 常与现在进行时搭配。
14. name n. 名字;v. 命名
· full name 全名
· first name / given name 名
· last name / family name 姓
· middle name 中间名
例句: My name is Li Ming.
· 中英文姓名顺序相反(超高频考点!):
· 中文:姓在前,名在后(Li Ming)
· 英文:名在前,姓在后(Tom Brown → 名 Tom,姓 Brown)
· name after = 以……的名字命名:
· The baby was named after his grandfather.
15. meet v.(动词) 遇见;见面
派生词: meeting n. 会议
· meet sb.(遇见某人)
· Nice to meet you.(初次见面)
· meet vs see:
· meet → 第一次见面 / 约定见面(Nice to meet you.)
· see → 看见(不一定是第一次)(Nice to see you.)
16. too adv.(副词)也
例句: I am a student, too.
· too / also / as well / either 辨析(超高频考点!):
· too → 肯定句,句末(I am a student, too.)
· also → 肯定句,be动词后/实义动词前(I am also a student.)
· as well → 肯定句,句末(I am a student as well.)
· either → 否定句,句末(I am not a student, either.)
· too 还有“太……”的意思:It's too hot.(太热了。)
17. start v.(动词)开始
· start to do sth.= start doing sth开始做某事
18. section n.(名词/noun)部分;地区
例句: a children's section(儿童区)
· section 指整体中的一个独立部分,通常有明确界限。
· 同义词辨析:
· section → 部分/区域(有明确划分的)
· part → 部分(最通用)
· area → 地区/面积
· 常见搭配:in this section(在这一部分)
19. greet v.(动词/verb)打招呼;问候
用法: greet sb. = 给某人打招呼
例句: She greeted me with a smile.(她微笑着向我打招呼。)
· 派生词:
· greeting n.(问候;问候语)
· birthday greetings(生日祝福)
· season's greetings(节日问候)
· greet 强调用语言或动作问候,比 say hello 更正式。
· 近义词:say hello to sb.(比较口语化)
20. each 词性①: adj.(形容词/adjective)——每个
词性②: pron.(代词/pronoun)——每个;各自
· each + 单数名词:each student(每个学生)
· each of + 复数代词:each of us(我们每个人)
· Each student has a book.(每个学生都有一本书。)
· Each of us likes English.(我们每个人都喜欢英语。)
固定搭配: each other = 互相;彼此
例句: We should help each other.(我们应该互相帮助。)
【补充】
· each 作主语时,谓语动词用单数(✅ Each student has... ❌ Each student have...)
· each 和 every 的区别:
· each → 强调个体(一个个地),可用于两个或以上
· every → 强调全体/整体,只用于三个或以上
· Each of my parents is a teacher.(我的父母都是老师。)→ 两人用 each ✅
· Every student in our class likes English.(强调全班所有人)
21. other 词性①: pron.(代词/pronoun)——另外的人(或物)
词性②: adj.(形容词/adjective)——另外的;其他的
【补充】other / others / the other / the others 辨析(超高频考点!)
other adj. 后接复数名词 = 其他的 other flowers(其他的花)
others pron. = other + 复数名词,泛指其他的人/物 Some are red, others are yellow.(有些是红的,另外一些是黄的。——还有别的颜色)
the other pron./adj. 特指两者中的另一个 I have two pens. One is blue, the other is red.(我有两支笔。一支是蓝的,另一支是红的。)
the others pron. 特指其余全部(特定范围内剩下的所有) Some are red, the others are yellow.(有些是红的,其余全是黄的。——只有这两种颜色)
例句:
· There are some flowers in the park. Some are orange and others are green.(泛指另外一些)
· There are some flowers in the park. Some are orange and the others are green.(特指剩下的全部)
22. everyone pron.(代词/pronoun)每人;所有人
例句: Everyone should follow the rules.(每个人都应该遵守规则。)
· everyone = everybody(更口语化),两者完全同义,可以互换。
· 注意拼写:
· everyone(合写)→ 每人/所有人,只能指人
· every one(分开)→ 每一个(人或物),后面常接 of
· Every one of the students passed the exam.(每个学生都通过了考试。)→ 分开写强调个体
· everyone 作主语时,谓语动词用单数(✅ Everyone is here. ❌ Everyone are here.)
· 代词用 they/them/their(单数意义但复数形式代词):
· Everyone should do their best.(每个人都应该尽最大努力。)
23. conversation n.(名词/noun)谈话;交谈
用法: have a conversation with sb. = 与某人进行谈话
例句: I had a conversation with my teacher.(我和老师进行了一次谈话。)
· 派生词:converse v.(交谈)— 较正式用法
24. spell v.(动词/verb)用字母拼;拼写
常见句型:
· How do you spell it?(你怎么拼写它?)
· Can you spell it?(你能拼写它吗?)
例句: Can you spell your name, please?(请问你能拼写你的名字吗?)
· 派生词:spelling n.(拼写;拼法)
· Your spelling is very good.(你的拼写很好。)
· 常用短语:spell out = 清楚地拼出 / 详细解释
· spell 的过去式是 spelt(英式)/ spelled(美式),两种都正确。
· spell 的现在分词:spelling(直接加 ing,不双写 l)
25. bell n.(名词/noun) 铃(声);钟(声)
例句: Here goes the bell.(铃响了。)= The bell is ringing.
【补充】
· 常见搭配:
· ring the bell(按铃/摇铃)
· the bell rings(铃响了)— 注意主动形式
· school bell(学校铃声)
26. may model v.(情态动词/modal verb)可以
用法: 表示请求许可或可能性
例句:
· May I help you?(我能帮助你吗?)— 主动提供帮助
· May I come in?(我可以进来吗?)— 请求许可
· May I ... ? 是请求许可的最正式、最礼貌的表达方式。
· 回答方式:
· 肯定:Yes, you may. / Of course. / Sure.
· 否定:No, you may not. / I'm sorry, you can't.
· may 还可以表示“可能”(可能性较低):
· It may rain tomorrow.(明天可能会下雨。)
· 对比 may vs can 表示“可以”:
· May I ...?→ 更正式、更礼貌
· Can I ...?→ 非正式,口语常用
27. have v.(动词/verb)有
例句:
· I have a book.(我有一本书。)
· She has a book.(她有一本书。)
· 第三人称单数用 has(He/She/It has)。
· 否定式:don't have / doesn't have
· I don't have a book.
· She doesn't have a book.
· 疑问式:Do you have...? / Does she have...?
· Do you have a book?
· Does she have a book?
· have 的常见搭配(不表示“有”):
· have breakfast(吃早餐)
· have a class(上课)
· have a meeting(开会)
· have a good time(玩得开心)
28. call v.(动词/verb)把……叫作;打电话
用法:
· call sb. 打电话给某人
· call sb. + 名字 把某人叫作……
· give sb. a call = ring sb. 给某人打电话
例句:
· You can call me Dara.(你可以叫我Dara。)
· You can call me at night.(你晚上可以给我打电话。)
· You can give me a call at night.
· 相关短语:
· answer the call = 接电话
· call back = 回电话
· call on = 拜访/号召
· call up = 打电话给(某人)
· call + 宾语 + 宾补(名字/称呼)的用法很常见:
· They called their son Tom.(他们给儿子起名叫Tom。)
· ring 英式英语中表示“打电话”:
· I'll ring you tomorrow.(我明天给你打电话。)
29. fine adj.(形容词/adjective)健康的;好的
例句: I'm fine.(我很好。)
· fine 除“身体健康/心情好”外,还有以下含义:
· 天气好:It's a fine day.(晴天。)
· 质量好/细小的:fine silk(精细丝绸)
· fine 也可作名词,表示“罚款”:a parking fine(违停罚款)
30. great adj.(形容词/adjective) 伟大的;极好的
· great 常用于口语中表示“很棒”:
· That's great!(太棒了!)
· We had a great time.(我们玩得很开心。)
31. that / this / these / those pron.(代词/pronoun)/ adj.(形容词/adjective)
那/这/这些/那些
指示代词对照表:
近指 this(这个) these(这些)
远指 that(那个) those(那些)
例句:
· This is a book.(这是一本书。)
· That is a book.(那是一本书。)
· These are books.(这些是书。)
· Those are books.(那些是书。)
· this/that + 单数名词:this book / that book
· these/those + 复数名词:these books / those books
· 在比较级中,that 和 those 常用来代替前面提到过的名词,避免重复:
· The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Shanghai.(北京的天气比上海的冷。)
· The books on this shelf are more interesting than those on that shelf.(这个架子上的书比那个架子上更有趣。)
32. let v.(动词/verb)允许;让
let sb. do sth. = 让某人做某事(不定式不带 to)
例句: The teacher lets students do homework.(老师让学生做作业。)
· let 的宾语补足语必须用省略 to 的不定式:
· ✅ Let me help you.
· ❌ Let me to help you.
· 被动语态要加 to:I was let to go.(我被允许离开。)
· let's = Let us(让我们),反意疑问句用 shall we:
· Let's go, shall we?(我们走吧,好吗?)
· 祈使句中 let 很常用:
· Let me see.(让我想想/看看。)
· Let him go.(让他走吧。)
33. go v.(动词/verb) 走;去
go for a walk(去散步)
· go + 动词ing 表示“去做某事”:
· go shopping(去购物)
· go swimming(去游泳)
· go fishing(去钓鱼)
· go running(去跑步)
· go to + 地点:go to school(去上学)
· go home(回家)→ 不加 to,因为 home 是副词
· go + adj. 表示“变得”:go bad(变坏),go crazy(变疯)
34. time
词性①: n.(名词/noun)——时间(不可数)
词性②: n.(名词/noun)——次数(可数)
例句:
· What time is it?(几点了?)→ 时间(不可数)
· I run three times a week.(我每周跑三次。)→ 次数(可数,加 s)
· 常见时间表达:
· What time is it? = What's the time?(几点了?)
· 常见搭配:
· on time = 准时
· in time = 及时
· at the same time = 同时
· from time to time = 偶尔;有时
· have a good time = 玩得开心
· It's time to do sth. = 该做某事了(It's time to go to bed.)
· It's time for + n. = 该做某事了(It's time for lunch.)
35. fine / good / well / nice / great 区分
单词 词性 核心用法 例句
great adj. 伟大的/极好的 She is a great person.
fine adj. 心情好/身体好/天气好 I'm fine. / It's a fine day.
good adj. 品质好/质量好/优秀 I am a good student.
nice adj. 外貌好看/人的个性好 She is nice.
well adv./adj. 身体好(adj.)/做得好(adv.) I'm not feeling well. / She speaks English well.
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