Unit 1 Life Choices 语法(不定式to do) 讲解与练习-2026-2027学年北师大版英语必修一(新高一)新课预习

Unit1 Life Choices语法讲解与练习 不定式to do详细讲解 一、不定式基础概念 不定式结构：to +动词原形，非谓语动词，不能单独作句子谓语，可充当主语、表语、宾语、宾补、定语、状语六大句子成分。 （一）不定式作主语（Subject） 直接把 to do 放句首作主语；更常用 It 作形式主语，真正主语后置（句式：It is + 形容词 + to do sth.），避免头重脚轻。 It's important to meet friends in person from time to time, not just on social media. 翻译：时不时线下和朋友见面很重要，不只是线上社交。 拆解： It = 形式主语 to meet friends... = 真正主语 拓展例句 1.To learn English well takes patience.（不定式直接作主语） 2.It is hard to balance study and hobbies.（It作形式主语） （二）不定式作表语（Predicative） 放在系动词（be /seem/become 等）后，说明主语的内容、目标、计划，主语常为 target, goal, plan, dream 等名词。 My target is to prepare myself for my degree in biology at university. 翻译：我的目标是为大学的生物学学位做好准备。 拆解：is 是系动词，to prepare... 作表语解释 target 是什么。 拓展例句 Her dream is to become a scientist.( to become作表语) （三）不定式作宾语（Object） 放在只接 to do 作宾语的及物动词后，动词后直接加 to do。 常见动词：try, decide, want, hope, plan, choose, learn, agree, refuse, manage 等 I try to keep the reading list updated. 翻译：我尽力更新阅读清单。 拆解：try 是谓语动词，to keep... 作 try 的宾语。 拓展例句 She decided to take part in the volunteer activity. （四）不定式作定语（Attributive） 放在名词/代词后，修饰前面名词，表 “要去做的事”，存在逻辑动宾 / 主谓关系。 I have more free time to do other things that I'm interested in after school. 翻译：放学后我有更多空余时间去做我感兴趣的其他事。 拆解：名词 free time，to do other things 修饰 time，逻辑：to do free time（做空余时间里的事，动宾关系）。 拓展例句 I have a lot of homework to finish tonight.（有很多作业要完成） （五）不定式作宾语补足语（Object complement） 结构：主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语 + to do，补充说明宾语要做什么。 常用动词：encourage, ask, tell, want, allow, invite, order 等 I have done enough to encourage people to believe we could win the game next time. 翻译：我已经做了足够多的事，鼓励大家相信我们下次能赢比赛。 拆解： people 是宾语 to believe... 补充说明 people 的动作，作宾补 拓展例句 My teacher told me to keep practicing every day. （六）不定式作状语（Adverbial） 1：目的状语（最常用） To do... 放句首/句末，表 “为了……”，可与 in order to do 互换。 To obtain the degree, she will need to pass all of the examinations. 翻译：为拿到学位，她需要通过所有考试。 拆解：To obtain... 表主句动作的目的。 拓展 She gets up early in order not to miss the bus. 用法 2：结果/原因状语（补充拓展） 结果：He woke up to find everyone gone. 他醒来发现所有人都走了。 原因：I’m glad to see you again. 再次见到你我很开心。 二、特殊结构：疑问词 + to do 结构公式 动词 + 疑问词 (who/what/which/how/when/where) + to do 功能:相当于一个宾语从句,简化句子,多用于 tell, know, decide, show, learn 等动词后。 1.Could you tell me how to get to the airport? = Could you tell me how I can get to the airport? 2.Have you decided what to wear to the interview? = Have you decided what you will wear to the interview? 3.I know who to turn to for help when I'm in trouble. = I know who I can turn to for help when I'm in trouble. 常用疑问词搭配 how to do 怎么做；what to do 做什么；where to go 去哪里；who to ask 问谁 三、不定式否定形式 not to + 动词原形，否定词 not 必须放在 to 的前面，不能放 to 后。 课文例句 1.She seemed not to notice me. 翻译：她似乎没有注意到我。 2.We turned down the music in order not to disturb the neighbours. 翻译：我们调低音量，为了不打扰邻居。 易错对比 ❌ to not disturb ✅ not to disturb 四、重难点补充（单元拓展考点） 1. 不带 to 的不定式（使役/感官动词） 动词：make, let, have；see, watch, hear, feel 结构：sb. + make/see/hear + sb. + do 例：My mom made me finish my homework first. ⚠️ 被动语态要还原 to：I was made to finish homework first. 2. 不定式复合结构：for/of sb. to do It’s + 形容词 + for sb. to do（形容事情难/易/重要） It’s hard for me to stick to daily exercise. It’s + 品格形容词 + of sb. to do（形容人善良、粗心等） It’s kind of you to help me. 3. 不定式时态拓展（基础了解） 一般式 to do：动作和主句同步 / 之后 I want to visit my grandma. 完成式 to have done：动作发生在主句之前 He seems to have finished the task. 五、六大成分一句话速记 1.主语：It’s + adj. + to do 2.表语：主语 (目标 / 梦想) + be + to do 3.宾语：动词 (try/decide/want) + to do 4.定语：名词 + to do（要做的…） 5.宾补：动词 + sb. + to do 6.状语：to do, 主句（为了……） 【巩固练习】 第一大题 单项选择 1.It’s necessary ______ a balanced lifestyle to reduce stress. A. keep B. to keep C. keeping D. kept 2.My biggest goal this term is ______ good habits of reading every day. A. build B. built C. to build D. building 3.I plan ______ my spare time to take up a new hobby. A. use B. to use C. using D. used 4.Do you have any tasks ______ before the weekend comes? A. finish B. finished C. to finish D. finishing 5.The teacher encouraged us ______ more time communicating with family. A. spend B. to spend C. spending D. spent 6.______ pass all the final exams, she gives up most of her free time. A. To B. To obtain C. To pass D. Passing 7.Could you tell me ______ manage my study and rest properly? A. how to B. how C. what to D. what 8.He hasn’t decided ______ volunteer activity he will take part in. A. how to B. which to C. when to D. where to 9.Remember ______ late for the speech competition tomorrow morning. A. not be B. not to be C. to not be D. don’t be 10.They turned off their phones in order ______ others during the meeting. A. disturb B. to disturb C. not to disturb D. don’t disturb 11.It takes courage ______ talk about your worries with your parents. A. to B. / C. for D. of 12.Her dream ______ study biology at university finally comes true. A. to B. of C. for D. with 13.I don’t know ______ turn to when I meet difficulties in my study. A. who to B. who C. how to D. which to 14.The coach asked every player ______ training harder than before. A. keep B. kept C. to keep D. keeping 15.We have enough time ______ prepare ourselves for the coming test. A. to B. for C. of D. with 16.______ make more friends offline, he often takes part in group activities. A. To B. For C. In order D. So that 17.She seemed ______ notice the mistake she made in her article. A. not B. not to C. to not D. didn’t 18.Have you learned ______ balance screen time and outdoor exercise? A. what to B. how to C. when to D. where to 19.It’s a good choice ______ put down your phone and read paper books. A. to B. for C. of D. / 20.My target ______ improve my listening skills by listening to English daily. A. is to B. to be C. be to D. to is 21.I tried ______ control my temper when my classmates argued with me. A. calm B. to calm C. calming D. calmed 22.There is no time ______ waste on meaningless online games. A. to B. for C. of D. with 23.Tell him ______ forget to hand in his reading report after class. A. don’t B. not to C. to not D. not 24.To stay energetic, you need ______ sleep for at least eight hours. A. get B. to get C. getting D. got 25.No one knows ______ ask for advice when facing life choices. A. who to B. what to C. how to D. when to 单选答案 1.B 2.C 3.B 4.C 5.B 6.C 7.A 8.B 9.B 10.C 11.A 12.A 13.A 14.C 15.A 16.A 17.B 18.B 19.A 20.A 21.B 22.A 23.B 24.B 25.A 第二大题 句型转换 1.To talk with friends face to face is important.（用 it 作形式主语改写） _____________________________________________________________ 2.My aim is that I will develop a healthy lifestyle.（改为不定式作表语） _____________________________________________________________ 3.I hope that I can keep a daily reading habit.（动词不定式简化宾语从句） _____________________________________________________________ 4.She has much free time. She can do what she likes.（用不定式作定语合并） _____________________________________________________________ 5.The head teacher pushes us. We should value our spare time.（不定式作宾补合并） _____________________________________________________________ 6.She studies hard. She wants to get her university degree. （用不定式作目的状语放句首） _____________________________________________________________ 7.How can I improve my work-life balance? Could you tell me?（疑问词 + to do 简化） _____________________________________________________________ 8.When will we take part in the after-school activity? We haven’t decided. （疑问词+ to do 简化） _____________________________________________________________ 9.He didn’t want to make his parents worried, so he hid his trouble. （ in order not to改写） _____________________________________________________________ 10.It seems that he doesn’t realize the harm of staying up late.（seem not to do 改写） _____________________________________________________________ 句型转换参考答案 1.It is important to talk with friends face to face. 2.My aim is to develop a healthy lifestyle. 3.I hope to keep a daily reading habit. 4.She has much free time to do what she likes. 5.The head teacher pushes us to value our spare time. 6.To get her university degree, she studies hard. 7.Could you tell me how to improve my work-life balance? 8.We haven’t decided when to take part in the after-school activity. 9.He hid his trouble in order not to make his parents worried. 10.He seems not to realize the harm of staying up late. 第三大题 汉译英句子翻译 1.定期线下见朋友是很有意义的。（it 作形式主语） ________________________________________________________ 2.我的目标是为大学的生物专业学习做好准备。 ________________________________________________________ 3.我努力控制自己刷手机的时间。 ________________________________________________________ 4.放学后我有更多空闲时间去做自己感兴趣的事。 ________________________________________________________ 5.老师鼓励我们多和家人沟通。 ________________________________________________________ 6.为了拿到学位，她必须通过所有考试。 ________________________________________________________ 7.你能告诉我如何平衡学习和休息吗？ ________________________________________________________ 8.他还没决定穿什么去参加面试。 ________________________________________________________ 9.我们调低音量，以免打扰邻居。 ________________________________________________________ 10.遇到困难时，我知道该向谁求助。 ________________________________________________________ 汉译英参考译文 1.It is meaningful to meet friends in person regularly. 2.My target is to prepare myself for biology studies at university. 3.I try to control my screen time on mobile phones. 4.I have more free time to do things I am interested in after school. 5.The teacher encourages us to communicate more with our family. 6.To obtain the degree, she has to pass all the examinations. 7.Could you tell me how to balance study and rest? 8.He hasn’t decided what to wear to the interview. 9.We turned down the volume in order not to disturb the neighbours. 10.When I’m in trouble, I know who to turn to for help. 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $