Unit7语法讲解及习题：由who, that, which引导的定语从句（Relative clauses with who, that and which）2026-2027学年沪教版九年级英语上册

该初中英语单元知识清单系统梳理了沪教牛津九上Unit7“who/that/which引导的限制性定语从句”语法内容，涵盖关系代词基础用法、核心考点、解题步骤及记忆口诀四大知识范畴，搭建了从“基础用法辨析”到“考点突破”再到“解题应用”的递进式学习支架。 清单采用“表格对比+考点标注+口诀记忆”的方式构建知识体系，如用表格清晰呈现关系代词指代对象与语法功能，将“关系代词省略规则”标注为必考考点，配套“定从要看先行词”记忆口诀，培养学生语言能力与思维品质。设计选词填空、合并句子等多样化题型，附详细解析，不同水平学生可高效掌握，教师可直接用于课堂教学或分层练习设计。

沪教牛津英语九上Unit7语法讲解及习题： who, that, which引导的定语从句 一、语法核心精讲 本单元核心语法为限制性定语从句，使用关系代词who / that / which，用从句对前面的名词（先行词）进行修饰限定；被修饰的名词叫作先行词，连接主句与从句的who/that/which叫作关系代词。 （一）三个关系代词基础用法 关系代词 指代对象 语法功能 补充说明 who 人 可在从句中作主语、宾语 多用于书面英语，只指代人 which 事物、物品 可在从句中作主语、宾语 多用于书面英语，只指代物 that 人 / 物 可在从句中作主语、宾语 口语使用频率更高，既能代替 who，也能代替 which 1. who（先行词为人） · 作从句主语，不可省略 句式：先行词 (人) + who + 从句谓语…… 例句：The boy who appears in this novel is Tom Sawyer. 译：这本小说里出现的男孩是汤姆・索亚。 · 作从句宾语，可以省略 who 例句：The writer (who) we admire most is Mark Twain. 译：我们最敬佩的作家是马克・吐温。 2. which（先行词为事物） · 作从句主语，不能省略 例句：The book which tells adventurous stories is world-famous. 译：这本讲述冒险故事的书举世闻名。 · 作从句宾语，可以省略 which 例句：The story (which) I read yesterday was written by Mark Twain. 译：我昨天读的故事出自马克・吐温之手。 3. that（通用型关系代词，人、物均可） 可以替换 who、which；书面常选用 who/which，日常口语偏爱 that。 · 指代人：The hero that Tom respected was Robin Hood. · 指代物：The novel that I like best is The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. （2） 两大核心考点（必考） 考点 1：关系代词的省略规则 只有关系代词在定语从句内部充当宾语时，who / which / that才可以直接删掉； 若关系代词在从句中充当主语，绝对不能省略。 1. 可省略（作宾语） The novel (that/which) he wrote is popular.（which 作 wrote 的宾语，可省） 2. 不可省略（作主语） The novel that tells kids’ stories is great.（that 在从句充当主语，不能省略） 考点 2：只能用 that，不能用 which 的特殊情况（高频难点） 1. 先行词被序数词、最高级修饰时 This is the funniest story that I have ever read. 2. 先行词被 all, everything, nothing, the only 等词汇修饰 He is the only friend that Huck has.（教材原句） （三）解题快速判断步骤 1. 找到先行词，判断是人还是物； 2. 判断关系代词在从句中充当主语还是宾语； 3. 是人优先 who，是物优先 which；口语通用 that；作宾语可省略关系词。 记忆口诀 定从要看先行词，人用 who 物用 which； that 二者都可以，主不能省宾可弃； 最高级、only 出现，只用 that 要牢记。 二、专项练习题 题型一 选词填空 用 who, that, which, /（不填）完成短文 Tom Sawyer was an adventurous young boy (1)_______ always sought excitement. Becky Thatcher was an intelligent girl (2)_______ had a lively spirit and a quick wit. One day, Tom and Becky went to a cave together. They lit candles and walked inside. On the walls, there were names and dates (3)_______ people had written. Moving further, they discovered an empty section. They reached a stream and found a hidden opening. Inside, there was a cave wall (4)_______ looked like a frozen waterfall. They were very surprised. Excitedly, they explored deeper, marking their path with candle smoke. They entered a vast space (5)_______ was filled with bats. 题型二 单项选择 ( )1. Mark Twain is a writer _______ created lots of interesting characters. A. who B. which C. whose D. whom ( )2. The novel _______ we borrowed from the library talks about Tom Sawyer. A. which B. what C. where D. who ( )3. This is the most interesting book _______ I have ever read. A. which B. that C. who D. whose ( )4. The person _______ you met just now is the writer of this story. A. who B. which C. what D. where ( )5. The cave _______ Tom and Becky explored was full of strange sights. A. which B. who C. when D. whom ( )6. He is the only character _______ leaves deep impressions on me. A. that B. which C. who’s D. whose ( )7. The story _______ tells kids’ adventures comes from Mark Twain. A. that B. whom C. what D. where ( )8. —Do you know the girl _______ stands beside Tom? —Yes, she is Becky Thatcher. A. which B. who C. whose D. whom ( )9. All the books _______ are written by Mark Twain sell well. A. that B. which C. who D. what ( )10. The book (_______) I bought yesterday is Huckleberry Finn. A. which B. that C. / D. A、B、C 都可以 ( ) 11. The hero _______ Tom looked up to was Robin Hood. A. who B. which C. where D. when ( ) 12. We enjoy the stories _______ make us laugh and think. A. who B. which C. whom D. whose ( ) 13. There is nothing _______ can stop Tom from going on adventures. A. that B. which C. who D. what ( ) 14. The famous writer _______ we talked about passed away long ago. A. who B. which C. whose D. when ( ) 15. The path _______ led them out of the cave was hard to find. A. which B. who C. whom D. where 题型三 划出定语从句，并标注先行词 1. The novel which the story came from was The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. 2. The person who wrote the novel was Mark Twain. 3. The stories that were written by Mark Twain are often funny. 4. Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is another famous novel which Mark Twain wrote. 5. The only friend that Jim had was Huckleberry Finn. 题型四 合并句子，改写定语从句 选用合适关系代词（who /which/that）合并两句话 1. Tom Sawyer is a brave boy. He loves taking adventures. _____________________________________________________________________ 2. This is a wonderful novel. I read it last week. _____________________________________________________________________ 3. Mark Twain was a great writer. He wrote many popular books. _____________________________________________________________________ 4. The cave is huge. Tom and Becky found the cave. _____________________________________________________________________ 5. Becky is a clever girl. We know her well. _____________________________________________________________________ 题型五 改错（找出错误并写出正确句子） 1. The man which we talked about is Mark Twain. _____________________________________________________________________ 2. The story who tells funny jokes attracts plenty of readers. _____________________________________________________________________ 题型六 仿写句子（ 二选一作答） 1. 仿写 who 引导定语从句（先行词为人，关系代词作主语） 2. 仿写 which 引导定语从句（先行词为事物，关系代词作宾语） _____________________________________________________________________ 三、参考答案与详细解析 题型一 选词填空答案 1. who /that（先行词 boy 指人，从句缺少主语，不可省略） 2. who /that（先行词 girl 指人，从句缺主语） 3. that /which//（先行词 dates 指物，关系代词作 written 的宾语，可以省略） 4. that /which（先行词 cave wall 指物，从句缺少主语，不能省略） 5. that /which（先行词 space 指物，从句缺少主语，不能省略） 题型二 单项选择答案 + 解析 1. A 解析：先行词 writer 是人，从句缺主语，选用 who。 2. A 解析：先行词 novel 是事物，关系代词作 borrowed 的宾语，用 which。 3. B 解析：先行词被形容词最高级 the most interesting 修饰，只能使用 that。 4. A 解析：先行词 person 为人，关系词作 met 的宾语，who 符合。 5. A 解析：先行词 cave 为事物，选用 which。 6. A 解析：先行词被 the only 修饰，只能用 that。 7. A 解析：先行词 story 为物，that 可在从句充当主语。 8. B 解析：先行词 girl 是人，从句缺少主语，用 who。 9. A 解析：先行词由 All 修饰，只能选用 that。 10. D 解析：关系代词在从句作 bought 的宾语，that、which 均可，也能够直接省略。 11. A 解析：先行词 hero 为人，who 在从句充当宾语。 12. B 解析：先行词 stories 是事物，which 作从句主语。 13. A 解析：不定代词 nothing 作先行词，只能用 that。 14. A 解析：先行词 writer 是人，who 作 talk about 的宾语。 15. A 解析：先行词 path 为事物，which 充当从句主语。 题型三 划定语从句 + 先行词 1. 定语从句：which the story came from；先行词：The novel 2. 定语从句：who wrote the novel；先行词：The person 3. 定语从句：that were written by Mark Twain；先行词：The stories 4. 定语从句：which Mark Twain wrote；先行词：another famous novel 5. 定语从句：that Jim had；先行词：The only friend 题型四 合并句子参考答案 1. Tom Sawyer is a brave boy who / that loves taking adventures. 2. This is a wonderful novel (which / that) I read last week. 3. Mark Twain was a great writer who / that wrote many popular books. 4. The cave which / that Tom and Becky found is huge. 5. Becky is a clever girl (who / that) we know well. 题型五 改错 1. 错误：which；修改：The man who /that we talked about is Mark Twain. 解析：先行词是人，不能用 which。 2. 错误：who；修改：The story which /that tells funny jokes attracts plenty of readers. 解析：先行词 story 属于事物，选用 which 或 that。 题型六 参考例句（答案合理即可） 1.（who 作主语）The character who brings joy to readers is Tom Sawyer. 2.（which 作宾语）This is the interesting novel which I recommend to my classmates. ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $