内容正文:
人教版必修一Unit 5 Languages Around the World(语法+写作)
目录
单元语法:限制性定语从句(2)
写作聚焦:建议书信(语言学习 / 书法学习)
学以致用:巩固提升,全面突破
单元语法
限制性定语从句(2)
一、关系副词用法
1. 定语从句的关系副词有三大作用:
(1)引导作用:引导定语从句。
(2)包含作用:在意义上,关系副词等于“介词+先行词”;在结构上,每个关系副词都可以转换为“① 介词 +which”。
(3)成分作用:因为是副词,所以它们都在定语从句中充当② 状语 ,三个常见的关系副词对应三种状语。
2. 三个常见的关系副词的用法
关系副词
对应先行词
从句成分
单元话题例句
翻译
when
时间名词(day/time/year)
时间状语
I still remember the day when I began to learn Chinese.
我记得我开始学中文的那天。
where
地点 / 抽象地点(city/situation/case)
地点状语
This is the classroom where we practice oral English.
这是我们练习口语的教室。
why
the reason
原因状语
I know the reason why many foreigners find Chinese hard.
我知道外国人觉得中文难的原因。
(1).when 引导的定语从句
when表示时间,在定语从句中作时间状语,相当于“介词in/at/on/during ...+which”结构。
I will never forget the day when I first saw you.
=I will never forget the day on which I first saw you.我永远不会忘记第一次见到你的日子。
(2).where引导的定语从句
where表示地点,在定语从句中作地点状语,相当于“介词in/at/on ...+which”。
After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town in which he grew up as a child.
在巴黎生活了50年后,他回到了儿时成长的那个小镇。
I’d like to live in the house where there is plenty of sunshine.我喜欢住在那个阳光充足的房子里。
[名师点津] 当先行词为situation, case, stage, point, activity, atmosphere等抽象名词,且引导词在定语从句中表示事情发生的情况、阶段等时,常用关系副词where引导。
They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other.他们已经到了必须分手的地步。
(3).why引导的定语从句
why表示原因,在定语从句中作原因状语,相当于“介词for+which”结构。
Unsuccessful people can always find reasons why they’re not doing well.
=Unsuccessful people can always find reasons for which they’re not doing well.不成功的人总能找到自己表现不好的理由。
3. 抽象地点where引导定语从句的特殊用法
where引导定语从句时,先行词可以表示抽象的地点,
如reach a point where. . . (到达……的地步)、in a case where. . . (在……的情况下)、
in an activity where. . . (在……的活动中)、in a situation where. . . (在……的情况下)、
in the job where. . . (在……的工作中)。
1). reach a point where… 到达…… 地步
You will reach a point where you can think directly in Chinese.
翻译:你终将达到可以直接用中文思考的地步。
语法:point 抽象地点,从句主谓完整,缺地点状语,用 where。
Many learners reach a point where they no longer fear speaking in public.
翻译:很多学习者到了不再害怕当众开口的阶段。
2). in a case where… 在…… 情况下
There is a case where foreign students mix up similar Chinese characters.
翻译:存在外国学生混淆形近汉字的情况。
We met a case where beginners have trouble telling tones apart.
翻译:我们遇到过初学者分不清声调的情况。
3). in an activity where… 在…… 活动中
This is an activity where students exchange language learning methods.
翻译:这是一场同学们交流语言学习方法的活动。
The English corner is an activity where you can chat with exchange students.
翻译:英语角是一个你能和交换生交谈的活动。
4). in a situation where… 在…… 情形下
You may face a situation where no one around you speaks your native language.
翻译:你可能会身处身边没人说母语的环境。
Don’t be nervous in a situation where you need to communicate in Chinese.
翻译:当你需要用中文交流时,别紧张。
5). in the job where… 在…… 工作中
He took a job where he needs to communicate with Chinese customers every day.
翻译:他找了一份每天都要和中国客户沟通的工作。
She has a job where writing Chinese articles is her daily task.
翻译:她从事一份撰写中文文稿的工作。
二、“介词+which/whom”引导定语从句
当关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时,我们通常用“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句。如果指“人”,用
“介词+whom”;如果指“物”,用“介词+which”;关系代词有时也用whose(作定语)。选用介词的依据:
1.根据定语从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯(即固定短语)。
Yesterday we visited the West Lake for which Hangzhou is famous.(be famous for “因……而出名”)
昨天我们参观了西湖,杭州因其而出名。
2.根据先行词的搭配习惯(约定俗成,不一定是短语)。
This is the camera with which he often takes photos.(with camera“用照相机”)
这就是他经常用来拍照的相机。
3.根据句子的意思来选择。
The colorless gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen.
这种无色的、离开它我们就无法生存的气体被称为氧气。
· 先行词指人 → 介词 + whom;先行词指物 → 介词 + which
· 介词由搭配决定(动词搭配 / 名词搭配)
· 介词后绝对不能用 that 例句: This is the textbook from which I learn many Chinese characters.(learn from) The foreign student with whom I chat practices calligraphy daily.(chat with)
【课堂反馈】
一、填入 when/where/why/ 介词 + which/whom
1. I won’t forget the year ______ I first wrote Chinese characters.
2. The library ______ we read language books opens at 8 a.m.
3. Tell me the reason ______ you want to learn calligraphy.
4. The pen ______ I write Chinese is a writing brush.(with)
5. My deskmate ______ I practice oral English comes from America.(with)
二、合并句子(用介词 + 关系代词)
1. We bought a book. We learn Chinese culture from the book.
2. I have a foreign friend. I often discuss language problems with him.
参考答案与解析
1. when 先行词 year 时间,从句缺时间状语
2. where 先行词 library 地点,地点状语
3. why 先行词 the reason,原因状语
4. with which write with a pen 固定搭配
5. with whom chat with sb,先行词人用 whom
合并句子
1. We bought a book from which we learn Chinese culture.
2. I have a foreign friend with whom I often discuss language problems.
写作聚焦
建议书信(语言学习 / 书法学习)
1. 文体框架(80 词左右建议信)
· 开头:问候 + 点明来信问题(对方学中文 / 书法有困难)
· 主体:分两点给出学习建议,嵌入本单元定语从句
· 结尾:鼓励对方、表达祝愿
2. 单元核心词块
have trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难;written/oral Chinese 书面 / 口语中文;Chinese character 汉字;writing brush 毛笔;make mistakes 犯错;keep a diary 写日记;communicate with 交流;play an important role in 在…… 起重要作用
3. 高分句式(嵌入定语从句)
· I’m sorry to know that you have trouble with calligraphy which you started learning recently.
· The best way that improves your writing is to practice every day.
· You can find a partner with whom you can practice spoken Chinese.
· There are many videos where you can watch standard calligraphy skills.
4. 标准范文(李华写给笔友 Mike,书法主题)
Dear Mike, I’m sorry to know that you are having trouble with Chinese calligraphy which you’ve been learning for one month. I’m writing to offer you some useful advice.
The first tip is patience, which is the most important quality for beginners. You can copy simple characters from books where standard strokes are shown clearly. Besides, stick to daily practice. The more you practice, the greater progress you will make. Learning calligraphy plays an important role in understanding Chinese history that thousands of characters record.
Don’t give up! I believe you will make it soon. Best wishes! Yours, Li Hua
5. 实战写作任务
假定你是李华,英国朋友 Tom 寒假来中国交流,学习两年中文但害怕口语交流,请写回信,要点:①不必害怕犯错;②多和本地人交流;③写中文日记积累词汇。要求使用至少两处关系副词 / 介词 + which 引导的定语从句,词数 80 左右。
参考范文
Dear Tom, I’m glad to receive your letter in which you worry about your oral Chinese during the winter exchange. Don’t be nervous and let me give you some advice.
First, don’t fear mistakes which every language learner will make. Second, take every chance to talk with local people from whom you can learn daily expressions. You can also keep a Chinese diary where you record new words every day. It will greatly improve your vocabulary.
I’m looking forward to your arrival and I can practice Chinese with you together. Best wishes! Yours, Li Hua
\学以致用
一.语法训练(巩固本单元语法)
A:用关系副词 when /where/why 将两个简单句合并为限制性定语从句。
1. I will never forget the day. I first learned to write Chinese characters on that day.
2. This is the language lab. We practice spoken Chinese in the lab every afternoon.
3. Could you tell me the reason? You find Chinese grammar difficult for the reason.
4. I like the after-school activity. We communicate with foreign students in the activity.
5. The year was unforgettable. I started to study calligraphy in that year.
6. This is a special situation. Many foreigners have trouble with Chinese in this situation.
7. I miss the classroom. We held English corners in the classroom last term.
8. Please explain the reason. You gave up practicing writing brush for the reason.
9. There is a moment. You will feel the beauty of Chinese words at that moment.
10. The club is a great place. We share learning skills in the club.
答案解析
1.
合并句:I will never forget the day when I first learned to write Chinese characters.
解析:先行词 the day 为时间名词,从句不缺主宾,缺时间状语,用关系副词 when。
2.
合并句:This is the language lab where we practice spoken Chinese every afternoon.
解析:先行词 the language lab 是地点名词,从句缺地点状语,用 where。
3.
合并句:Could you tell me the reason why you find Chinese grammar difficult? 解析:先行词固定为 the reason,表原因状语,只能用 why。
4.
合并句:I like the after-school activity where we communicate with foreign students.
解析:先行词 activity 属于抽象地点,从句缺地点状语,用 where。
5.
合并句:The year when I started to study calligraphy was unforgettable. 解析:先行词 the year 时间名词,从句缺时间状语,用 when。
6.
合并句:This is a special situation where many foreigners have trouble with Chinese.
解析:situation 抽象地点,定语从句用 where 作地点状语(高一必考难点)。
7.
合并句:I miss the classroom where we held English corners last term.
解析:先行词 classroom 地点,从句缺地点状语,用 where。
8.
合并句:Please explain the reason why you gave up practicing writing brush. 解析:先行词 the reason,表原因,关系副词 why。
9.
合并句:There is a moment when you will feel the beauty of Chinese words. 解析:moment 时间类名词,从句缺时间状语,用 when。
10.
合并句:The club where we share learning skills is a great place.
解析:先行词 club 地点,从句缺地点状语,用 where。
B. 选词填空:when /where/why,每空仅填一个单词
1. I still remember the time ______ I chatted with foreign exchange students.
2. This is the bookstore ______ I bought books about Chinese calligraphy.
3. Nobody knows the reason ______ he refuses to learn written Chinese.
4. We faced a case ______ many beginners mix up similar Chinese characters.
5. The holiday ______ we visited the Chinese Culture Museum was wonderful.
6. The classroom ______ we practice handwriting opens at seven every morning.
7. Can you tell me the reason ______ oral English is important for communication?
8. There comes a time ______ you can read simple Chinese articles smoothly.
9. This is an activity ______ learners can exchange language learning experience.
10. I love the moment ______ I finish writing a whole page of Chinese characters.
答案解析
1.
when 解析:先行词 the time 时间名词,从句缺少时间状语,用 when。
2.
where 解析:先行词 bookstore 实体地点,从句缺地点状语,用 where。
3.
why 解析:先行词 the reason,表原因状语,固定搭配用 why。
4.
where 解析:case 为抽象地点名词,定语从句用 where 作地点状语。
5.
when 解析:先行词 the holiday 时间,从句缺时间状语,填 when。
6.
where 解析:先行词 classroom 地点,从句缺地点状语,用 where。
7.
why 解析:先行词 the reason,修饰原因,用关系副词 why。
8.
when 解析:先行词 a time 时间概念,从句缺时间状语,填 when。
9.
where 解析:activity 抽象地点,从句缺地点状语,用 where。
10.
when 解析:先行词 the moment 时间名词,从句缺时间状语,用 when。
二.写作训练(语言学习)
假定你是李华,你的英国朋友Tom将在假期间来中国交流学习。他学了两年中文,但仍然担心用中文交流时会遇到困难,写信向你求助。请你用英语给Tom回信,内容包括:
1.宽慰对方; 2.提出建议; 3.期待收获。
注意:1.词数80左右;
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
Step-by-step Drafting:
1. Comfort: Don't worry. Many foreigners face this.
2. Advice:
· Listen to Chinese podcasts/radio.
· Speak boldly; don't fear mistakes.
· Make Chinese friends.
3. Encouragement: Practice makes perfect.
Sample Answer:
Dear Tom,
I’m glad to hear you’re coming to China! Don’t worry about your Chinese. It’s normal to feel nervous, but you’ve already learned for two years, which is great.
Here is some advice. First, try to listen to Chinese radio or podcasts daily to get used to the pronunciation. Second, don’t be afraid of making mistakes. Speaking boldly is the key to improvement. Finally, try to communicate with locals whenever possible.
I believe you will make rapid progress. Can’t wait to see you!
Yours, Li Hua
1 / 15
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人教版必修一Unit 5 Languages Around the World(语法+写作)
目录
单元语法:限制性定语从句(2)
写作聚焦:建议书信(语言学习 / 书法学习)
学以致用:巩固提升,全面突破
单元语法
限制性定语从句(2)
一、关系副词用法
1. 定语从句的关系副词有三大作用:
(1)引导作用:引导定语从句。
(2)包含作用:在意义上,关系副词等于“介词+先行词”;在结构上,每个关系副词都可以转换为“① 介词 +which”。
(3)成分作用:因为是副词,所以它们都在定语从句中充当② 状语 ,三个常见的关系副词对应三种状语。
2. 三个常见的关系副词的用法
关系副词
对应先行词
从句成分
单元话题例句
翻译
when
时间名词(day/time/year)
时间状语
I still remember the day when I began to learn Chinese.
我记得我开始学中文的那天。
where
地点 / 抽象地点(city/situation/case)
地点状语
This is the classroom where we practice oral English.
这是我们练习口语的教室。
why
the reason
原因状语
I know the reason why many foreigners find Chinese hard.
我知道外国人觉得中文难的原因。
(1).when 引导的定语从句
when表示时间,在定语从句中作时间状语,相当于“介词in/at/on/during ...+which”结构。
I will never forget the day when I first saw you.
=I will never forget the day on which I first saw you.我永远不会忘记第一次见到你的日子。
(2).where引导的定语从句
where表示地点,在定语从句中作地点状语,相当于“介词in/at/on ...+which”。
After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town in which he grew up as a child.
在巴黎生活了50年后,他回到了儿时成长的那个小镇。
I’d like to live in the house where there is plenty of sunshine.我喜欢住在那个阳光充足的房子里。
[名师点津] 当先行词为situation, case, stage, point, activity, atmosphere等抽象名词,且引导词在定语从句中表示事情发生的情况、阶段等时,常用关系副词where引导。
They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other.他们已经到了必须分手的地步。
(3).why引导的定语从句
why表示原因,在定语从句中作原因状语,相当于“介词for+which”结构。
Unsuccessful people can always find reasons why they’re not doing well.
=Unsuccessful people can always find reasons for which they’re not doing well.不成功的人总能找到自己表现不好的理由。
3. 抽象地点where引导定语从句的特殊用法
where引导定语从句时,先行词可以表示抽象的地点,
如reach a point where. . . (到达……的地步)、in a case where. . . (在……的情况下)、
in an activity where. . . (在……的活动中)、in a situation where. . . (在……的情况下)、
in the job where. . . (在……的工作中)。
1). reach a point where… 到达…… 地步
You will reach a point where you can think directly in Chinese.
翻译:你终将达到可以直接用中文思考的地步。
语法:point 抽象地点,从句主谓完整,缺地点状语,用 where。
Many learners reach a point where they no longer fear speaking in public.
翻译:很多学习者到了不再害怕当众开口的阶段。
2). in a case where… 在…… 情况下
There is a case where foreign students mix up similar Chinese characters.
翻译:存在外国学生混淆形近汉字的情况。
We met a case where beginners have trouble telling tones apart.
翻译:我们遇到过初学者分不清声调的情况。
3). in an activity where… 在…… 活动中
This is an activity where students exchange language learning methods.
翻译:这是一场同学们交流语言学习方法的活动。
The English corner is an activity where you can chat with exchange students.
翻译:英语角是一个你能和交换生交谈的活动。
4). in a situation where… 在…… 情形下
You may face a situation where no one around you speaks your native language.
翻译:你可能会身处身边没人说母语的环境。
Don’t be nervous in a situation where you need to communicate in Chinese.
翻译:当你需要用中文交流时,别紧张。
5). in the job where… 在…… 工作中
He took a job where he needs to communicate with Chinese customers every day.
翻译:他找了一份每天都要和中国客户沟通的工作。
She has a job where writing Chinese articles is her daily task.
翻译:她从事一份撰写中文文稿的工作。
二、“介词+which/whom”引导定语从句
当关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时,我们通常用“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句。如果指“人”,用
“介词+whom”;如果指“物”,用“介词+which”;关系代词有时也用whose(作定语)。选用介词的依据:
1.根据定语从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯(即固定短语)。
Yesterday we visited the West Lake for which Hangzhou is famous.(be famous for “因……而出名”)
昨天我们参观了西湖,杭州因其而出名。
2.根据先行词的搭配习惯(约定俗成,不一定是短语)。
This is the camera with which he often takes photos.(with camera“用照相机”)
这就是他经常用来拍照的相机。
3.根据句子的意思来选择。
The colorless gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen.
这种无色的、离开它我们就无法生存的气体被称为氧气。
· 先行词指人 → 介词 + whom;先行词指物 → 介词 + which
· 介词由搭配决定(动词搭配 / 名词搭配)
· 介词后绝对不能用 that 例句: This is the textbook from which I learn many Chinese characters.(learn from) The foreign student with whom I chat practices calligraphy daily.(chat with)
【课堂反馈】
一、填入 when/where/why/ 介词 + which/whom
1. I won’t forget the year ______ I first wrote Chinese characters.
2. The library ______ we read language books opens at 8 a.m.
3. Tell me the reason ______ you want to learn calligraphy.
4. The pen ______ I write Chinese is a writing brush.(with)
5. My deskmate ______ I practice oral English comes from America.(with)
二、合并句子(用介词 + 关系代词)
1. We bought a book. We learn Chinese culture from the book.
2. I have a foreign friend. I often discuss language problems with him.
写作聚焦
建议书信(语言学习 / 书法学习)
1. 文体框架(80 词左右建议信)
· 开头:问候 + 点明来信问题(对方学中文 / 书法有困难)
· 主体:分两点给出学习建议,嵌入本单元定语从句
· 结尾:鼓励对方、表达祝愿
2. 单元核心词块
have trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难;written/oral Chinese 书面 / 口语中文;Chinese character 汉字;writing brush 毛笔;make mistakes 犯错;keep a diary 写日记;communicate with 交流;play an important role in 在…… 起重要作用
3. 高分句式(嵌入定语从句)
· I’m sorry to know that you have trouble with calligraphy which you started learning recently.
· The best way that improves your writing is to practice every day.
· You can find a partner with whom you can practice spoken Chinese.
· There are many videos where you can watch standard calligraphy skills.
4. 标准范文(李华写给笔友 Mike,书法主题)
Dear Mike, I’m sorry to know that you are having trouble with Chinese calligraphy which you’ve been learning for one month. I’m writing to offer you some useful advice.
The first tip is patience, which is the most important quality for beginners. You can copy simple characters from books where standard strokes are shown clearly. Besides, stick to daily practice. The more you practice, the greater progress you will make. Learning calligraphy plays an important role in understanding Chinese history that thousands of characters record.
Don’t give up! I believe you will make it soon. Best wishes! Yours, Li Hua
5. 实战写作任务
假定你是李华,英国朋友 Tom 寒假来中国交流,学习两年中文但害怕口语交流,请写回信,要点:①不必害怕犯错;②多和本地人交流;③写中文日记积累词汇。要求使用至少两处关系副词 / 介词 + which 引导的定语从句,词数 80 左右。
\学以致用
一.语法训练(巩固本单元语法)
A:用关系副词 when /where/why 将两个简单句合并为限制性定语从句。
1. I will never forget the day. I first learned to write Chinese characters on that day.
2. This is the language lab. We practice spoken Chinese in the lab every afternoon.
3. Could you tell me the reason? You find Chinese grammar difficult for the reason.
4. I like the after-school activity. We communicate with foreign students in the activity.
5. The year was unforgettable. I started to study calligraphy in that year.
6. This is a special situation. Many foreigners have trouble with Chinese in this situation.
7. I miss the classroom. We held English corners in the classroom last term.
8. Please explain the reason. You gave up practicing writing brush for the reason.
9. There is a moment. You will feel the beauty of Chinese words at that moment.
10. The club is a great place. We share learning skills in the club.
B. 选词填空:when /where/why,每空仅填一个单词
1. I still remember the time ______ I chatted with foreign exchange students.
2. This is the bookstore ______ I bought books about Chinese calligraphy.
3. Nobody knows the reason ______ he refuses to learn written Chinese.
4. We faced a case ______ many beginners mix up similar Chinese characters.
5. The holiday ______ we visited the Chinese Culture Museum was wonderful.
6. The classroom ______ we practice handwriting opens at seven every morning.
7. Can you tell me the reason ______ oral English is important for communication?
8. There comes a time ______ you can read simple Chinese articles smoothly.
9. This is an activity ______ learners can exchange language learning experience.
10. I love the moment ______ I finish writing a whole page of Chinese characters.
二.写作训练(语言学习)
假定你是李华,你的英国朋友Tom将在假期间来中国交流学习。他学了两年中文,但仍然担心用中文交流时会遇到困难,写信向你求助。请你用英语给Tom回信,内容包括:
1.宽慰对方; 2.提出建议; 3.期待收获。
注意:1.词数80左右;
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
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