Unit 1 Water（重难词汇精练）英语新教材沪教版五四制八年级上册

**基本信息** 以“Water”主题为载体，构建“基础-语境-语篇”三级词汇训练体系，系统提升词汇变形、语境应用及语篇综合运用能力，培养语言能力与学习能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |词汇基础练|20题词性转换|聚焦动词-名词、名词-形容词等构词法|从词汇形态变化切入，夯实构词规则基础| |词汇语境练|88题（含括号填空、首字母填空等）|结合句子语境考查词汇语法应用|以基础变形为前提，实现词汇从孤立记忆到语境匹配的过渡| |词汇语篇练|2篇短文填空（20空）|在语篇中综合运用主题词汇|整合前两级训练成果，达成词汇在语篇层面的意义建构与逻辑衔接|

Unit 1 Water 词汇专项过关 词汇基础练 词汇语境练 词汇语篇练 1 / 4 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 一、重点单词词性转换词性用英文表示 1. pollute (verb) → _______________ (noun) 2. protect (verb) → _______________ (noun) 3. waste (verb) → _______________ (adjective) 4. save (verb) → _______________ (noun) 5. drink (verb) → _______________ (adjective) 6. use (verb) → _______________ (adjective) 7. appear (verb) → _______________ (noun) 8. disappear (verb) → _______________ (noun) 9. nature (noun) → _______________ (adjective) 10. health (noun) → _______________ (adjective) 11. rain (noun) → _______________ (adjective) 12. sun (noun) → _______________ (adjective) 13. cloud (noun) → _______________ (adjective) 14. ice (noun) → _______________ (adjective) 15. importance (noun) → ______________ (adjective) 16. possible (adjective) → _______________ (noun) 17. fresh (adjective) → _______________ (noun) 18. liquid (noun) → _______________ (verb) 19. solid (noun) → _______________ (adjective) 20. vapour (noun) → _______________ (verb) 一、根据括号里单词的正确形式填空 1. Water _______________ is a serious problem in many parts of the world. (pollute) 2. We should take action to _______________ our water resources. (protection) 3. Don't leave the tap running. It's a _______________ of water. (waste) 4. The _______________ of water is essential for all living things. (save) 5. Is this water _______________? (drink) 6. The _______________ water from the factory made the river dirty. (use) 7. The sudden _______________ of the sun made the day bright. (appear) 8. The _______________ of the ancient city remains a mystery. (disappear) 9. We should enjoy the _______________ beauty of lakes and rivers. (nature) 10. Eating _______________ food and drinking clean water is good for us. (health) 11. It was a _______________ day, so we had to cancel the picnic. (rain) 12. Let's go out and enjoy the _______________ weather. (sun) 13. The sky is full of _______________ clouds. It might snow. (cloud) 14. Be careful! The road is _______________ after the snow. (ice) 15. It is _______________ to understand the _______________ of water. (important) 16. Is there any _______________ that we can solve this water crisis? (possible) 17. I love the _______________ of the air after the rain. (fresh) 18. When you heat water, it will _______________ and become steam. (liquid) 19. Water becomes _______________ when it freezes. (solid) 20. Water can _______________ into the air as vapour. (vapour) 21. The government has made new laws to reduce water _______________. (pollute) 22. Sea water is not _______________ because it's too salty. (drink) 23. The _______________ of the lake is so clear that you can see the bottom. (water) 24. We need to raise _______________ about saving water. (aware) 25. This machine is used for _______________ salt from sea water. (remove) 26. The _______________ process of water is called the water cycle. (cycle) 27. Many _______________ in Africa suffer from a lack of clean water. (village) 28. Please give me a _______________ explanation of how the water filter works. (science) 29. He is a famous ______________ who studies ocean life. (science) 30. Turning off the tap while brushing your teeth is a _______________ habit. (use) 二、根据句意的首字母提示完成合适的单词填空 1. W________ is essential for life. Without it, we cannot survive. 2. The three states of water are solid, l________ and gas. 3. When water freezes, it turns into i________. 4. When water is heated, it becomes v________. 5. We should not w________ water. Remember to turn off the tap. 6. We must p________ our rivers and lakes from pollution. 7. Factories should not p________ the water with harmful chemicals. 8. It is important to c________ water for future generations. 9. I need a b________ of water to wash my hands. 10. Most of the Earth's surface is covered by o________. 11. The water in the sea is s________. We cannot drink it. 12. We get fresh water from r________ and lakes. 13. When you are thirsty, you should d________ some water. 14. The weather is hot and d________. We need more rain. 15. We use a f________ to clean the water before we drink it. 16. A________ is the process where a liquid turns into a gas. 17. C________ is the process where a gas turns into a liquid, forming clouds. 18. The continuous movement of water on Earth is called the water c________. 19. We get water from a t________ or a well in the village. 20. A d________ is a long period with no rain. 21. Please pass me a g________ of water. I'm very thirsty. 22. The ice in the sun began to m________. 23. We should take a s________ every day to save water. 24. Don't pour used c________ oil down the drain. It pollutes the water. 25. Plants need both s________ and water to grow. 26. The government should s________ money on water treatment projects. 27. Please r________ the bottle with water after you finish it. 28. The s________ of this lake is not safe for swimming due to pollution. 29. The water from the mountain spring is very p________ and clean. 30. Saving every d________ of water counts. 三、用括号里的汉语提示完成单词填空 1. We must stop water _______________ (污染) 2. The _______________ (保护) of water resources is everyone's duty. 3. Don't be so _______________ (浪费的)! Use water carefully. 4. The _______________ (节约) of water is crucial in dry areas. 5. Is this river water _______________ (可饮用的)? 6. We should recycle _______________ (用过的) water for other purposes. 7. The sudden _______________ (出现) of clean water brought hope to the village. 8. The _______________ (消失) of the glacier is a warning sign of climate change. 9. We should go out and enjoy the _______________ (自然的) world. 10. Drinking clean water is good for your _______________ (健康). 11. It's a _______________ (多雨的) season, so we have plenty of water. 12. We need _______________ (阳光) to help plants grow. 13. The sky was _______________ (多云的) yesterday. 14. The road was very _______________ (结冰的) after the freezing rain. 15. It is _______________ (重要的) to learn about the water cycle. 16. Is it _______________ (可能的) to turn sea water into fresh water? 17. I love the _______________ (新鲜) of the water from this spring. 18. When ice _______________ (液化), it turns into water. 19. Water becomes a _______________ (固体) when it freezes. 20. Water will _______________ (蒸发) when it is heated. 四、翻译 1.他小时候是放牛娃。（raise） ____________________________________________________________________________________ 2.菲利普（Philip）进了自己的房间，随手把门关上。（shut） ____________________________________________________________________________________ 3.你的病完全好了吗？（fully） ____________________________________________________________________________________ 4.她的热情很快感染了全体队员。（spread） ____________________________________________________________________________________ 5.当我们踏入新的一年时，我们希望迎来更美好的时光和崭新的机遇。（step） ____________________________________________________________________________________ 6.他们过去和我们住在同一条街上，但现在他们搬家了。（used） ____________________________________________________________________________________ 7.在过去的这一年里，公司显著拓展了业务。（over） ____________________________________________________________________________________ 8. 为了按时完成这个项目，他毫不停歇地继续工作。 ____________________________________________________________________________________ 短文填空 I. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空。 Water plays an 1 (importance) role in Chinese culture. For a long time, water has been given deep meanings to 2 (education) people and rule the country. Confucius (孔子) thought water had many nice qualities. People should learn from it and improve 3 (they). 4 meanings behind water also made Chinese rulers follow the rules of nature and listen to the voice of people. Believed to be the 5 (begin) of all life, water also gives us life like a gentle mother. It’s impossible 6 our human beings to live without water. 7 , the way people and water getting along has two sides. In history, floods brought big problems to people. Every time floods hit a village, houses fell down and hundreds of people became 8 (home). 9 (solve) the problem, Chinese people had always tried their best. For example, Yu, the first ruler of the Xia Dynasty, organized his people and 10 (dig) the waterways so that the water could easily go into the sea. Today, the lack (缺乏) 11 more fresh water is another serious problem. Although almost three 12 (quarter) of the earth is covered with water, most of it can’t be drunk directly. There are still factories 13 (pollute) rivers and lakes, which makes things even worse. Let’s 14 (start) before it’s too late! I believe if we take action in time, we can 15 (possible) make a difference. I really hope we can live in peace with the environment. II. Complete the following passage with the words in the box. Each can only be used once.（将下列单词填入空格。每空格限填一词，每个单词只能填一次） A. precious B. shortage C. polluted D. cycle E. protect F. waste Water is very ____16____. It is the source of life and crucial for all living things. However, we are facing serious water-related problems. In some regions, there is a growing water ____17____. The increasing population and the ____18____ of water in daily life make the situation worse. People often leave the tap running while brushing teeth or washing dishes, which is a big waste. Moreover, a large amount of water has been ____19____. Industrial waste and chemical substances (物质) are poured into rivers and lakes, making the water unfit for drinking and other uses. We must take action to ____20____ water. Everyone should be aware of the importance of water and stop wasting it. For example, we can collect rainwater for watering plants. $ Unit 1 Water 词汇专项过关 参考答案 一、重点单词词性转换词性用英文表示 1. pollution 2. protection 3. wasteful 4. saving 5. drinkable 6. used/useful/useless 7. appearance 8. disappearance 9. natural 10. healthy 11. rainy 12. sunny 13. cloudy 14. icy 15. important 16. possibility 17. freshness 18. liquefy 19. solid 20. vaporize 一、根据括号里单词的正确形式填空 1. pollution 2. protect 3. waste 4. saving 5. drinkable 6. used 7. appearance 8. disappearance 9. natural 10. healthy 11. rainy 12. sunny 13. cloudy 14. icy 15. important; importance 16. possibility 17. freshness 18. liquefy 19. solid 20. vaporize 21. pollution 22. drinkable 23. water 24. awareness 25. removing 26. cyclical / cycling 27. villages 28. scientific 29. scientist 30. useful 二、根据句意的首字母提示完成合适的单词填空 1. Water 2. liquid 3. ice 4. vapour / vapor 5. waste 6. protect 7. pollute 8. conserve 9. bowl / basin / bucket 10. oceans 11. salty 12. rivers 13. drink 14. dry 15. filter 16. Evaporation 17. Condensation 18. cycle 19. tap 20. drought 21. glass 22. melt 23. shower 24. cooking 25. sunlight / sunshine 26. spend 27. refill 28. state / surface 29. pure 30. drop 三、用括号里的汉语提示完成单词填空 1. pollution 2. protection 3. wasteful 4. saving / conservation 5. drinkable 6. used 7. appearance 8. disappearance 9. natural 10. health 11. rainy 12. sunlight/sunshine 13. cloudy 14. icy 15. important 16. possible 17. freshness 18. liquefies / melts 19. solid 20. vaporize / evaporate 四、翻译 1. He used to raise cattle when he was a boy. 2. Philip went into his room and shut the door behind him. 3. Have you fully recovered from your illness? 4. Her enthusiasm soon spread throughout the team. 5. As we step into the new year, we hope for better times and new opportunities. 6. They used to live in the same street as us, but now they have moved house. 7. Over the past year, the company has expanded its business greatly. 8. He worked on without a break to finish the project on time. 短文填空 I. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空。 1． important 2．educate 3．themselves 4．The 5．beginning 6．for 7．However 8．homeless 9．To solve 10．dug 11．of 12．quarters 13．polluting 14．start 15．Possibly II. Complete the following passage with the words in the box. Each can only be used once.（将下列单词填入空格。每空格限填一词，每个单词只能填一次） 16. A 17. B 18. F 19. C 20. E 1 / 16 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 Water 词汇专项过关 词汇基础练 词汇语境练 词汇语篇练 一、重点单词词性转换词性用英文表示 1. pollute (verb) → _______________ (noun) 2. protect (verb) → _______________ (noun) 3. waste (verb) → _______________ (adjective) 4. save (verb) → _______________ (noun) 5. drink (verb) → _______________ (adjective) 6. use (verb) → _______________ (adjective) 7. appear (verb) → _______________ (noun) 8. disappear (verb) → _______________ (noun) 9. nature (noun) → _______________ (adjective) 10. health (noun) → _______________ (adjective) 11. rain (noun) → _______________ (adjective) 12. sun (noun) → _______________ (adjective) 13. cloud (noun) → _______________ (adjective) 14. ice (noun) → _______________ (adjective) 15. importance (noun) → _______________ (adjective) 16. possible (adjective) → _______________ (noun) 17. fresh (adjective) → _______________ (noun) 18. liquid (noun) → _______________ (verb) 19. solid (noun) → _______________ (adjective) 20. vapour (noun) → _______________ (verb) 【答案】1. pollution 2. protection 3. wasteful 4. saving 5. drinkable 6. used/useful/useless 7. appearance 8. disappearance 9. natural 10. healthy 11. rainy 12. sunny 13. cloudy 14. icy 15. important 16. possibility 17. freshness 18. liquefy 19. solid 20. vaporize 【解析】 1. 动词pollute表示“污染”，通过去e + -ion 变为名词pollution，意为“污染；污染物”。是中考高频词，常考搭配：air pollution（空气污染）、water pollution（水污染）。 2.动词protect（保护）加后缀-ion构成名词protection，含义为“保护；防护”。固定搭配：environmental protection（环境保护）。 3.动词waste（浪费），添加形容词后缀-ful，变形为wasteful，意思是“浪费的；挥霍的”。反义词：thrifty（节俭的）。 4.动词save（节约；拯救）直接加后缀-ing变为名词saving，表“节约”；复数形式savings可表示“存款”。常考短语：water saving（节约用水）。 5.动词drink（喝）加后缀-able（表“可……的”），构成形容词drinkable，意为“可饮用的”。固定表达：drinkable water = drinking water（饮用水）。 6.use是中考核心词汇，衍生三个常用形容词：①useful（后缀 -ful）：有用的；②useless（后缀-less，否定含义）：无用的；③used：用过的；习惯的。三个均为考点，根据语境选用。 7.动词 appear（出现）加后缀-ance变成名词appearance，有两个核心含义：“出现；露面”以及“外貌，外表”。 8.disappear是appear的反义词（消失），同样加后缀-ance 构成名词disappearance，意为“消失；不见”。 9.名词nature（自然），去掉末尾字母e +后缀-al，变为形容词natural，意为“自然的；天然的”。常考搭配：natural resources（自然资源）。 10.名词 health（健康）加后缀-y变为形容词healthy，意为“健康的”。反义词：unhealthy（不健康的）。 11.属于天气类名词变形容词，名词 rain（雨）直接加后缀 -y，rainy 表示“下雨的；多雨的”。 12.名词sun（太阳），遵循重读闭音节规则：双写末尾辅音字母n，再加 -y，sunny意为“晴朗的；阳光充足的”，描述天气必考词。 13.名词cloud（云）直接加后缀-y，变为形容词cloudy，意思是“多云的；阴天的”，天气场景高频用词。 14.名词ice（冰），去掉字母e +后缀-y，构成形容词icy，意为“冰冷的；结冰的”。例：icy water（冰水）。 15.名词 importance（重要性），对应形容词 important（重要的）。中考经典句型：It is important to do sth.（做某事很重要）。 16.形容词 possible（可能的）变形为名词 possibility，意为“可能性”。拓展副词 possibly（可能地），也是常考衍生词。 17.形容词fresh（新鲜的），加名词后缀-ness（用于表事物性质、状态），freshness表示“新鲜；清新”。 18.liquid作名词意为“液体”；liquefy是专业动词，意为“（使）液化”（美式也可写作liquify）。该词多用于科普类阅读，描述物质形态变化，属于拓展词汇。补充：初中课内也常用liquid作同形动词。 19. solid为同形兼类词，拼写不变。作名词是“固体”，作形容词表示“固体的；坚固的”。例：Ice is solid water.（冰是固态的水）。 20.vapour（英式拼写，美式 vapor）是名词，意为“蒸汽，水汽”；加后缀-ize构成动词vaporize，意为“（使）蒸发、汽化”，是水的三态变化核心动词。 一、根据括号里单词的正确形式填空 1. Water _______________ is a serious problem in many parts of the world. (pollute) 答案：pollution 句意：水污染在世界许多地区都是一个严峻的问题。 解析：空格后为be动词，此处需要名词作主语。动词pollute（污染）变为名词pollution（污染），water pollution 是固定搭配，意为“水污染”。 2. We should take action to _______________ our water resources. (protection) 答案：protect 句意：我们应该采取行动保护水资源。 解析：固定结构 take action to do sth（采取行动做某事），to 后接动词原形。名词protection（保护）变回动词protect（保护）。 3. Don't leave the tap running. It's a _______________ of water. (waste) 答案：waste 句意：不要让水龙头一直开着，这是一种水资源浪费。 解析：不定冠词a后接名词。waste可兼作动词和名词，此处作名词，意为“浪费”，a waste of... 为固定搭配，表“……的浪费”。 4. The _______________ of water is essential for all living things. (save) 答案：saving 句意：节约用水对所有生物来说都至关重要。 解析：定冠词The后接名词作主语。动词save（节约）变为动名词saving，the saving of water 节约用水。 5. Is this water _______________? (drink) 答案：drinkable 句意：这水能饮用吗？ 解析：本句为主系表结构，be动词后用形容词作表语。动词drink（饮用）加后缀-able，变为drinkable（可饮用的）。 6. The _______________ water from the factory made the river dirty. (use) 答案：used 句意：工厂排出的废水把河流弄脏了。 解析：空格修饰名词water，需用形容词。used 此处表示“用过的”，used water 即“废水”；useless（无用的）不符合语境。 7. The sudden _______________ of the sun made the day bright. (appear) 答案：appearance 句意：太阳突然出现，天地变得明亮起来。 解析：形容词sudden后接名词。动词appear（出现）变为名词appearance（出现；露面）。 8. The _______________ of the ancient city remains a mystery. (disappear) 答案：disappearance 句意：这座古城的消失至今仍是一个谜。 解析：定冠词The后接名词作主语。动词disappear（消失）变为名词disappearance（消失）。 9. We should enjoy the _______________ beauty of lakes and rivers. (nature) 答案：natural 句意：我们应当欣赏湖泊与河流的自然之美。 解析：空格修饰名词beauty，需用形容词。名词nature（自然）变为形容词natural（自然的）。 10. Eating _______________ food and drinking clean water is good for us. (health) 答案：healthy 句意：吃健康的食物、饮用干净的水对我们有益。 解析：空格修饰名词food，使用形容词。名词health（健康）加后缀-y，变为healthy（健康的）。 11. It was a _______________ day, so we had to cancel the picnic. (rain) 答案：rainy 句意：那天下着雨，所以我们不得不取消野餐。 解析：空格修饰名词day，用描述天气的形容词。名词rain（雨）加-y变为rainy（下雨的，多雨的）。 12. Let's go out and enjoy the _______________ weather. (sun) 答案：sunny 句意：我们出去享受晴朗的好天气吧。 解析：空格修饰名词weather，用形容词。名词sun（太阳）双写n再加-y，变为sunny（晴朗的）。 13. The sky is full of _______________ clouds. It might snow. (cloud) 答案：cloudy 句意：天空布满乌云，可能要下雪了。 解析：空格修饰名词clouds，用形容词。名词cloud（云）加-y变为cloudy（多云的）。 14. Be careful! The road is _______________ after the snow. (ice) 答案：icy 句意：小心！下雪之后路面结了冰。 解析：主系表结构，be动词后接形容词。名词ice（冰）去e加-y，变为icy（结冰的；冰冷的）。 15. It is _______________ to understand the _______________ of water. (important) 答案：important; importance 句意：了解水资源的重要性是很有必要的。 解析：第一空：固定句型 It is + 形容词 + to do sth，填形容词important（重要的）；第二空：定冠词the后接名词，important对应的名词为importance（重要性）。 16. Is there any _______________ that we can solve this water crisis? (possible) 答案：possibility 句意：我们有可能解决这场水资源危机吗？ 解析：限定词any后接名词。形容词possible（可能的）变为名词possibility（可能性）。 17. I love the _______________ of the air after the rain. (fresh) 答案：freshness 句意：我喜欢雨后空气的清新。 解析：定冠词the后接名词。形容词fresh（新鲜的）加后缀-ness，变为freshness（清新；新鲜）。 18. When you heat water, it will _______________ and become steam. (liquid) 答案：liquefy 句意：给水加热时，它会液化变成水蒸气。 解析：情态动词will后接动词原形。liquid为名词，其对应专业动词为liquefy（液化）。 19. Water becomes _______________ when it freezes. (solid) 答案：solid 句意：水结冰时就会变成固态。 解析：主系表结构，become后接形容词。solid 可兼作名词和形容词，此处作形容词，意为“固态的”。 20. Water can _______________ into the air as vapour. (vapour) 答案：vaporize 句意：水可以以水蒸气的形式蒸发到空气中。 解析：情态动词can后接动词原形。名词vapour（蒸汽）变为动词vaporize（汽化、蒸发）；evaporate 为同义替换词，中考阅读也常考。 21. The government has made new laws to reduce water _______________. (pollute) 答案：pollution 句意：政府已经制定新法规来减少水污染。 解析：名词作宾语，动词pollute变为名词pollution，water pollution水污染。 22. Sea water is not _______________ because it's too salty. (drink) 答案：drinkable 句意：海水不能饮用，因为它太咸了。 解析：be动词后接形容词作表语，drinkable可饮用的。 23. The _______________ of the lake is so clear that you can see the bottom. (water) 答案：water 句意：这片湖水十分清澈，一眼就能看到湖底。 解析：定冠词the后接名词，water 作名词意为“水；湖水”，本身无需变形。 24. We need to raise _______________ about saving water. (aware) 答案：awareness 句意：我们需要提高节水意识。 解析：动词raise后接名词作宾语。形容词aware（意识到的）变为名词awareness（意识），raise awareness 为固定搭配：提高意识。 25. This machine is used for _______________ salt from sea water. (remove) 答案：removing 句意：这台机器用于从海水中提取盐分。 解析：固定搭配 be used for doing sth（被用来做某事），介词for后接动名词，动词remove变为removing。 26. The _______________ process of water is called the water cycle. (cycle) 答案：cyclical / cycling 句意：水的循环过程被称作水循环。 解析：空格修饰名词process（过程），需用形容词/动名词。cyclical（形容词，循环的）、cycling（动名词，循环）均符合要求。 27. Many _______________ in Africa suffer from a lack of clean water. (village) 答案：villages 句意：非洲的许多村庄都缺少干净的饮用水。 解析：many（许多）后接可数名词复数。village（村庄）复数形式为villages。 28. Please give me a _______________ explanation of how the water filter works. (science) 答案：scientific 句意：请科学地讲解一下滤水器的工作原理。 解析：空格修饰名词explanation，用形容词。名词science（科学）变为scientific（科学的）。 29. He is a famous ______________ who studies ocean life. (science) 答案：scientist 句意：他是一名研究海洋生物的著名科学家。 解析：不定冠词a后接指人的名词。science 变为scientist（科学家）。 30. Turning off the tap while brushing your teeth is a _______________ habit. (use) 答案：useful 句意：刷牙时关掉水龙头是一个有益的好习惯。 解析：空格修饰名词habit，用形容词。结合句意，选择useful（有用的；有益的）；useless（无用的）不符合语境。 二、根据句意的首字母提示完成合适的单词填空 1. W________ is essential for life. Without it, we cannot survive. 答案：Water 句意：水是生命之源。没有它，我们就无法生存。 解析：根据后句 Without it 以及生活常识，结合首字母W可知此处填water（水）；位于句首，首字母必须大写。 2. The three states of water are solid, l________ and gas. 答案：liquid 句意：水的三种形态是固态、液态和气态。 解析：固定知识点：物质三态 solid（固体）、liquid（液体）、gas（气体），结合首字母l，填写liquid。 3. When water freezes, it turns into i________. 答案：ice 句意：水结冰时就变成了冰。 解析：freeze 意为“结冰”，结合首字母i，ice 表示“冰”，符合语境。 4. When water is heated, it becomes v________. 答案：vapour / vapor 句意：水被加热后会变成水蒸气。 解析：水受热变为蒸汽，英式拼写 vapour，美式拼写 vapor，二者均可。 5. We should not w________ water. Remember to turn off the tap. 答案：waste 句意：我们不应该浪费水，记得关掉水龙头。 解析：情态动词 should not 后接动词原形；结合后半句“关掉水龙头”节水提示，waste 表示“浪费”。 6. We must p________ our rivers and lakes from pollution. 答案：protect 句意：我们必须保护河流和湖泊免受污染。 解析：情态动词 must 后接动词原形；固定搭配 protect...from... 意为“保护……免受……”，故填protect。 7. Factories should not p________ the water with harmful chemicals. 答案：pollute 句意：工厂不应该用有害化学物质污染水源。 解析：情态动词 should not 后接动词原形；pollute 表示“污染”，贴合工厂排污的语境。 8. It is important to c________ water for future generations. 答案：conserve 句意：为子孙后代节约用水是十分重要的。 解析：固定句型 It is important to do sth，to 后接动词原形；conserve water为“节约用水”，符合题意。 9. I need a b________ of water to wash my hands. 答案：bowl / basin / bucket 句意：我需要一盆/一桶水来洗手。 解析：不定冠词a后接单数名词；a bowl of（一碗）、a basin of（一盆）、a bucket of（一桶）均为量词搭配，结合首字母b，三个答案都可。 10. Most of the Earth's surface is covered by o________. 答案：oceans 句意：地球表面的大部分区域都被海洋覆盖。 解析：结合地理常识，地球表面多被海洋覆盖；ocean 为可数名词，此处用复数形式 oceans 表泛指。 11. The water in the sea is s________. We cannot drink it. 答案：salty 句意：海水是咸的，我们无法饮用。 解析：本句为主系表结构，be动词后接形容词；salty 意为“咸的”，符合海水的特点。 12. We get fresh water from r________ and lakes. 答案：rivers 句意：我们从河流和湖泊中获取淡水。 解析：and 连接并列名词，与 lakes（湖泊）对应，river 用复数形式 rivers（河流）。 13. When you are thirsty, you should d________ some water. 答案：drink 句意：口渴的时候，你应该喝点水。 解析：情态动词 should 后接动词原形；thirsty 表示“口渴的”，drink 意为“喝”。 14. The weather is hot and d________. We need more rain. 答案：dry 句意：天气炎热又干旱，我们需要更多降雨。 解析：and 连接并列形容词，与 hot（炎热的）并列，dry 表示“干燥的、干旱的”。 15. We use a f________ to clean the water before we drink it. 答案：filter 句意：我们饮用前会用过滤器净化水质。 解析：不定冠词a后接单数名词；filter 意为“过滤器”，贴合净水的语境。 16. A________ is the process where a liquid turns into a gas. 答案：Evaporation 句意：蒸发是液体变为气体的过程。 解析：本句介绍物理变化，evaporation 意为“蒸发”，位于句首首字母大写；是水三态变化核心词汇。 17. C________ is the process where a gas turns into a liquid, forming clouds. 答案：Condensation 句意：凝结是气体变为液体、形成云朵的过程。 解析：结合自然常识，气体液化形成云的过程为凝结，condensation 表示“凝结、冷凝”，句首首字母大写。 18. The continuous movement of water on Earth is called the water c________. 答案：cycle 句意：地球上水的持续循环被称为水循环。 解析：固定搭配 water cycle 水循环，为单元核心短语。 19. We get water from a t________ or a well in the village. 答案：tap 句意：在村子里，我们从水龙头或者水井取水。 解析：tap 意为“水龙头”，与 well（水井）并列，是日常取水设施。 20. A d________ is a long period with no rain. 答案：drought 句意：干旱就是长时间不下雨的天气状况。 解析：不定冠词a后接单数名词；drought 表示“干旱、旱灾”。 21. Please pass me a g________ of water. I'm very thirsty. 答案：glass 句意：请递给我一杯水，我非常口渴。 解析：固定搭配 a glass of water 一杯水，为常用量词短语。 22. The ice in the sun began to m________. 答案：melt 句意：阳光下的冰开始融化了。 解析：固定用法 begin to do sth（开始做某事），to 后接动词原形；melt 意为“融化”。 23. We should take a s________ every day to save water. 答案：shower 句意：我们应该每天淋浴，以此节约用水。 解析：固定搭配 take a shower 洗淋浴，淋浴相比泡澡更节水，符合语境。 24. Don't pour used c________ oil down the drain. It pollutes the water. 答案：cooking 句意：不要把厨余食用油倒进下水道，这会污染水源。 解析：cooking oil 固定短语，意为“食用油、厨用油”。 25. Plants need both s________ and water to grow. 答案：sunlight / sunshine 句意：植物生长需要阳光和水分。 解析：结合常识，植物生长离不开阳光和水；sunlight、sunshine 均表示“阳光”，二词通用。 26. The government should s________ money on water treatment projects. 答案：spend 句意：政府应该为水处理项目投入资金。 解析：情态动词 should 后接动词原形；固定搭配 spend money on sth 意为“在某物上花钱”。 27. Please r________ the bottle with water after you finish it. 答案：refill 句意：喝完水后，请把瓶子重新装满水。 解析：本句为祈使句，用动词原形；refill 表示“重新装满”，refill...with... 用……重新装满。 28. The s________ of this lake is not safe for swimming due to pollution. 答案：state / surface 句意：由于污染，这片湖泊的水质/湖面不适合游泳。 解析：state：名词，意为“状态”，the state of the lake 指湖水状况；surface：名词，意为“表面”，the surface of the lake 指湖面；两个单词均符合句意。 29. The water from the mountain spring is very p________ and clean. 答案：pure 句意：山泉水十分纯净清澈。 解析：主系表结构，be动词后接形容词；pure 表示“纯净的、洁净的”，与 clean 并列。 30. Saving every d________ of water counts. 答案：drop 句意：节约每一滴水都意义重大。 解析：固定搭配 a drop of water 一滴水，every 后接单数名词 drop。 三、用括号里的汉语提示完成单词填空 1. We must stop water _______________ (污染) 答案：pollution 句意：我们必须制止水污染，以此保护环境。 解析：water pollution 为固定名词短语，意为“水污染”。此处作stop的宾语，需要填写名词；动词pollute对应的名词形式是pollution。 2. The _______________ (保护) of water resources is everyone's duty. 答案：protection 句意：保护水资源是每个人的责任。 解析：定冠词The后接名词作句子主语；动词protect的名词形式为protection，the protection of... 表示“……的保护”。 3. Don't be so _______________ (浪费的)! Use water carefully. 答案：wasteful 句意：不要如此浪费！节约用水。 解析：本句为主系表结构，be动词后使用形容词作表语；waste的形容词形式wasteful，表示“浪费的”。 4. The _______________ (节约) of water is crucial in dry areas. 答案：saving / conservation 句意：在干旱地区，节约用水至关重要。 解析：定冠词The后接名词作主语。saving（动名词形式）、conservation（正式名词）均可表示“节约、保护”，两个词汇中考均常考。 5. Is this river water _______________ (可饮用的)? 答案：drinkable 句意：这条河里的水可以饮用吗？ 解析：主系表结构，be动词后接形容词作表语；drinkable 意为“可饮用的”，是动词drink对应的形容词形式。 6. We should recycle _______________ (用过的) water for other purposes. 答案：used 句意：我们应该将废水回收再利用。 解析：空格修饰名词water，需用形容词。used 表示“用过的”，used water 固定搭配“废水”。 7. The sudden _______________ (出现) of clean water brought hope to the village. 答案：appearance 句意：清水突然出现，给这个村庄带来了希望。 解析：形容词sudden（突然的）后接名词；动词appear的名词形式为appearance。 8. The _______________ (消失) of the glacier is a warning sign of climate change. 答案：disappearance 句意：冰川的消失是气候变化的一个警示信号。 解析：定冠词The后接名词作主语；动词disappear的名词形式是disappearance。 9. We should go out and enjoy the _______________ (自然的) world. 答案：natural 句意：我们应该走出去，感受大自然。 解析：空格修饰名词world，需用形容词；名词nature对应的形容词为natural。 10. Drinking clean water is good for your _______________ (健康). 答案：health 句意：饮用干净的水有益健康。 解析：形容词性物主代词your后接名词；health 为名词“健康”。拓展：形容词healthy（健康的）不可用于此处。 11. It's a _______________ (多雨的) season, so we have plenty of water. 答案：rainy 句意：这是一个多雨的季节，所以我们水源充足。 解析：空格修饰名词season，使用形容词；名词rain变形为rainy（多雨的），属于天气类常用形容词。 12. We need _______________ (阳光) to help plants grow. 答案：sunlight/sunshine 句意：植物生长需要阳光。 解析：此处作动词need的宾语，填写名词；sunlight和sunshine均表示“阳光”，可互换使用。 13. The sky was _______________ (多云的) yesterday. 答案：cloudy 句意：昨天天空乌云密布。 解析：主系表结构，be动词后接形容词；名词cloud变为cloudy（多云的）。 14. The road was very _______________ (结冰的) after the freezing rain. 答案：icy 句意：冻雨过后，路面结了厚厚的冰。 解析：be动词后接形容词作表语；名词ice变形为icy（结冰的、冰冷的）。 15. It is _______________ (重要的) to learn about the water cycle. 答案：important 句意：了解水循环是很重要的。 解析：本题考查固定句型 It is + 形容词 + to do sth（做某事是……的），故填形容词important。 16. Is it _______________ (可能的) to turn sea water into fresh water? 答案：possible 句意：有可能将海水转化为淡水吗？ 解析：依旧考查 It is + 形容词 句型，此处用形容词possible（可能的）作表语。 17. I love the _______________ (新鲜) of the water from this spring. 答案：freshness 句意：我喜欢这处山泉的清甜。 解析：定冠词The后接名词；形容词fresh加后缀-ness，变为名词freshness（新鲜、清新）。 18. When ice _______________ (液化), it turns into water. 答案：liquefies / melts 句意：冰融化后就变成了水。 解析：句子描述客观真理，用一般现在时，主语ice为单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。liquefy（液化）、melt（融化）均符合词义，日常表达中melts使用更广泛。 19. Water becomes a _______________ (固体) when it freezes. 答案：solid 句意：水结冰后就变成了固体。 解析：不定冠词a后接单数名词；solid 作名词，意为“固体”。 20. Water will _______________ (蒸发) when it is heated. 答案：vaporize / evaporate 句意：水受热后会蒸发。 解析：情态动词will后接动词原形。vaporize、evaporate 均表示“蒸发、汽化”，两个单词通用。 四、翻译 1.他小时候是放牛娃。（raise） 【答案】He used to raise cattle when he was a boy. 2.菲利普（Philip）进了自己的房间，随手把门关上。（shut） 【答案】Philip went into his room and shut the door behind him. 3.你的病完全好了吗？（fully） 【答案】Have you fully recovered from your illness? 4.她的热情很快感染了全体队员。（spread） 【答案】Her enthusiasm soon spread throughout the team. 5.当我们踏入新的一年时，我们希望迎来更美好的时光和崭新的机遇。（step） 【答案】As we step into the new year, we hope for better times and new opportunities. 6.他们过去和我们住在同一条街上，但现在他们搬家了。（used） 【答案】They used to live in the same street as us, but now they have moved house. 7.在过去的这一年里，公司显著拓展了业务。（over） 【答案】Over the past year, the company has expanded its business greatly. 8.为了按时完成这个项目，他毫不停歇地继续工作。 【答案】He worked on without a break to finish the project on time. 短文填空 I. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空。 Water plays an 1 (importance) role in Chinese culture. For a long time, water has been given deep meanings to 2 (education) people and rule the country. Confucius (孔子) thought water had many nice qualities. People should learn from it and improve 3 (they). 4 meanings behind water also made Chinese rulers follow the rules of nature and listen to the voice of people. Believed to be the 5 (begin) of all life, water also gives us life like a gentle mother. It’s impossible 6 our human beings to live without water. 7 , the way people and water getting along has two sides. In history, floods brought big problems to people. Every time floods hit a village, houses fell down and hundreds of people became 8 (home). 9 (solve) the problem, Chinese people had always tried their best. For example, Yu, the first ruler of the Xia Dynasty, organized his people and 10 (dig) the waterways so that the water could easily go into the sea. Today, the lack (缺乏) 11 more fresh water is another serious problem. Although almost three 12 (quarter) of the earth is covered with water, most of it can’t be drunk directly. There are still factories 13 (pollute) rivers and lakes, which makes things even worse. Let’s 14 (start) before it’s too late! I believe if we take action in time, we can 15 (possible) make a difference. I really hope we can live in peace with the environment. 【答案】 1． important 2．educate 3．themselves 4．The 5．beginning 6．for 7．However 8．homeless 9．To solve 10．dug 11．of 12．quarters 13．polluting 14．start 15．Possibly 【导语】本文围绕水的文化内涵与现实价值展开：既介绍了水在中国文化中承载的教化民众、治理国家的深层寓意，点明其作为生命之源的重要地位；也回顾了历史上中华民族治水的探索，同时点出当下水资源短缺、水体污染的现实困境，呼吁大众及时行动保护水资源，实现人与自然和谐共处。 1. 句意：水在中国文化中扮演着重要的角色。 括号内importance是名词“重要性”，空格前是冠词an，空格后是名词role，需要形容词修饰名词role；play an important role是固定搭配，意为“扮演重要角色、起到重要作用”，因此要把名词importance转换为形容词important。故填important。 2. 句意：长久以来，水被赋予了深刻的内涵，用来教化民众、治理国家。 括号内education是名词“教育”，空格前是不定式符号to，和后文的动词原形rule并列，共同构成不定式表目的，需要接动词原形，因此要把名词education转换为动词educate（教化、教育）。故填educate。 3. 句意：人们应当向水学习，实现自我提升。 括号内they是人称代词主格“他们”，句子主语是people，此处表达“提升他们自己”的含义，需要反身代词作宾语，构成固定搭配improve oneself（自我提升），因此把they转换为反身代词themselves。故填themselves。 4. 句意：水所承载的这些内涵，也让中国古代统治者遵循自然规律、倾听民众的声音。 此处特指上文提到的水具备的美好品质、教化意义等多重内涵，属于特指，需要用定冠词，句首首字母大写，因此填The。 5. 句意：水被认为是所有生命的起源，像温柔的母亲一样赋予我们生命。 括号内begin是动词“开始”，空格前是定冠词the，空格后是介词of，需要名词构成名词短语，the beginning of是固定搭配，意为“……的开端/起源”，因此把动词begin转换为名词beginning。故填beginning。 6. 句意：对人类而言，没有水就无法生存。 此处是固定句型It is + 形容词 + for sb. to do sth.，意为“对某人来说做某事是……的”，介词for用来引出不定式的逻辑主语our human beings，因此填for。 7. 句意：然而，人与水的相处模式存在两面性。 前文一直在介绍水的益处、水的文化价值，后文开始讲述洪水带来的危害，前后是转折关系；空格后有逗号隔开，需要可独立使用的转折副词，因此填However（然而），句首首字母大写。 8. 句意：每次洪水侵袭村庄，房屋倒塌，数百人都无家可归。 括号内home是名词“家”，空格前是系动词become，需要形容词作表语；结合洪水带来的影响，此处表达“无家可归的”含义，因此给名词home加否定后缀-less，转换为形容词homeless。故填homeless。 9. 句意：为了解决洪水问题，中国人民始终拼尽全力。 此处“解决问题”是后文“人们付出努力”的目的，非谓语动词中不定式可以表目的，句首首字母大写，因此填To solve。 10. 句意：比如夏朝的开国君主大禹，组织民众疏通河道，让洪水可以顺利汇入大海。 括号内dig是动词“挖掘”，and连接并列的谓语动词，前面的动词organized是一般过去时，描述历史事件，因此dig也要用一般过去时，dig是不规则动词，过去式为dug。故填dug。 11. 句意：如今，淡水资源短缺是另一个严峻问题。 the lack of是固定搭配，意为“……的短缺/缺乏”，介词of引出短缺的对象，因此填of。 12. 句意：尽管地球近四分之三的面积被水覆盖，但大部分水资源都无法直接饮用。 括号内quarter是名词“四分之一”，分数表达规则为：分子大于1时，作分母的序数词要变复数；此处分子是three（三），因此quarter要变为复数形式quarters，three quarters意为“四分之三”。故填quarters。 13. 句意：仍有不少工厂在污染河流与湖泊，让情况变得更糟。 此处是固定句型There be + 名词 + doing sth.，意为“有某物正在做某事”，现在分词作后置定语修饰factories，表主动进行的动作，因此把动词pollute变为现在分词polluting。故填polluting。 14. 句意：让我们趁一切还不算太晚的时候，行动起来吧！ 使役动词let的用法为let sb. do sth.，意为“让某人做某事”，后面接不带to的动词不定式，即动词原形，因此填start。 15. 句意：我相信如果我们及时采取行动，或许就可以带来改变。 括号内possible是形容词“可能的”，此处需要副词修饰动词短语make a difference，作状语，因此把形容词possible转换为副词possibly（可能、或许）。故填possibly。 II. Complete the following passage with the words in the box. Each can only be used once.（将下列单词填入空格。每空格限填一词，每个单词只能填一次） A. precious B. shortage C. polluted D. cycle E. protect F. waste Water is very ____16____. It is the source of life and crucial for all living things. However, we are facing serious water-related problems. In some regions, there is a growing water ____17____. The increasing population and the ____18____ of water in daily life make the situation worse. People often leave the tap running while brushing teeth or washing dishes, which is a big waste. Moreover, a large amount of water has been ____19____. Industrial waste and chemical substances (物质) are poured into rivers and lakes, making the water unfit for drinking and other uses. We must take action to ____20____ water. Everyone should be aware of the importance of water and stop wasting it. For example, we can collect rainwater for watering plants. 【答案】16. A 17. B 18. F 19. C 20. E 【导语】本文围绕水资源的核心价值展开，点明水资源作为生命之源对所有生物的关键意义，介绍了当前人类面临的水资源短缺、人为浪费、水体污染三类严峻问题，呼吁大众树立节水意识，采取实际行动保护、节约水资源。 16. 句意：水是十分珍贵的。它是生命之源，对所有生物都至关重要。此处空格前是副词very，需要填入形容词作系动词is的表语；结合后文“生命之源、对所有生物至关重要”的正向描述，是强调水的珍贵价值，polluted语义与后文描述矛盾，其余选项词性不符合句子结构要求，因此选precious。故选A。 17. 句意：在一些地区，日益严重的水资源短缺问题正在凸显。 此处空格前是形容词growing和名词water，需要填入名词构成名词短语作句子主语，water shortage是固定搭配，意为“水资源短缺”，对应后文提到的水资源供需矛盾问题；其余选项要么词性不符，要么语义和后文“问题加剧”的逻辑不匹配，因此选shortage。故选B。 18. 句意：不断增长的人口和日常生活中对水资源的浪费，让水资源问题愈发严峻。此处空格前是定冠词the，空格后是介词of，需要填入名词构成the…of结构；后文紧接着举例“人们刷牙、洗碗时一直开着水龙头，这是严重的浪费”，正好对应日常水资源浪费的问题，和前文人口增长共同构成水资源短缺的诱因，因此选waste。故选F。 19. 句意：此外，大量的水资源已经遭到污染。此处是现在完成时的被动语态结构“has been + 动词过去分词”，需要填入过去分词；后文解释“工业废料和化学物质被排入河流湖泊，导致水无法饮用和供其他用途”，是对水污染问题的具体说明，polluted符合被动结构要求和语义逻辑，因此选polluted。故选C。 20. 句意：我们必须采取行动保护水资源。此处是固定结构take action to do sth.（采取行动做某事），to后需要接动词原形；后文提到“每个人都要意识到水的重要性、停止浪费、收集雨水浇花”，都是保护水资源的具体行动，protect符合结构要求和语义逻辑；剩余选项cycle意为“循环”，语义不符合全文行动导向，为本题干扰项。故选E。 1 / 16 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $