内容正文:
他由于努力工作而成功。
(5)表示“到…的程度”。如:
This one is shorter than the other by three inches.
这一个比那一个短三英寸。
We lost the match by one goal.
那场比赛我们输了一分。
(6)表示买卖东西所按以计算的数或量,或付酬所按
以计算的时间。如:
Milk is sold by the pint,butter by the pound,and
eggs by the dozen.
牛奶论品脱卖,黄油论磅卖,蛋类论打卖。
(7)表示“按照…”或“根据…”。如:
By my watch,the time is half past eleven.
按我的表,现在是十一点半。
By the expression on his face,he seemed to be displeased.
从他的面部表情来看,他似乎不高兴。
We shall get a storm before long by the look of
the sky.
看天色,暴风雨就要来了。
(8)表示“因…而得到结果”或“凭着”。如:
It was only by chance that I heard the news.
我只是偶然听到这个消息。
11.介词与某些词类的搭配
(1)名词与介词的固定搭配
①要加to的名词:key,answer,visit,apology,intro
duction,attitude,monument,devotion
②要加in的名词:interest,satisfaction,expert等
③要加on的名词:mercy,congratulations,effect等
④要加其他介词的名词:prize for,respect for,victory
over,struggle with,excuse for,for fear of
(2)形容词与介词的固定搭配
①要加at的形容词:angry,good,bad,clever,sur
prised,excited,puzzled,frightened
②要加of的形容词:afraid,sure,certain,full,tired,
fond,proud,worthy
③要加with的形容词:angry,strict,careful,busy,
popular,patient
④要加in的形容词:weak,strict,rich,interested,
successful,slow
⑤要加to的形容词:next,good,polite,kind,cruel,
rude,known,married,close,similar,due
⑥要加for的形容词:sorry,famous,fit,unfit,
eager,anxious,hungry
⑦要加from的形容词:far,different,free,safe,ab
sent,tired
⑧要加about的形容词:sorry,worried,curious,anx
ious,careful,sure,certain
注意:考查此类介词,一是有设置的语境,二是有相类似的
短语,因此,考生要注意多积累相关介词的知识。
)[真题11](2023·课标)The form cannot be signed by
an yone
yourself.
A.rather than
B.other than
C.more than
D.better than
[解析]考查短语辨析。句意:除你本人外,其他任何人均
不能填写这张表格。A项“而不”;B项“除非,不同于”;C项“多
于,超过”:D项“比……好”,故B项符合题意。
[答案]B
)[真题12](2023·四川)Nick,it's good for you to read
some books
China before you start your trip
there.
A.in
B.for
C.of
D.on
[解析]考查介词的用法。句意:尼克,在开始中国之旅
前,读一些关于中国的书籍是有好处的。A项“在中国”;B项
“为中国”:C项“中国的”:D项“关于中国”,故D项符合句意。
[答案]D
(
)[真题13](2023·北京)With new technology,pictures
of underwater valleys can be taken
color.
A.by
B.for
C.with
D.in
[解析]考查介词辨析。句意:使用新技术,水下山谷能拍
摄成彩色照片。A项“经由”;B项“为了”;C项“用…,带
有…”;D项in color习惯用法,意为“彩色的”,故D项符合
题意。
[答案]D
十年高考母题原型训练
(★代表高考出现的频次)
A组
题源1介词的分类:由构成形式分类(★★★★★)
)l.(2023·福建)Mrs.Smith finds it hard to clear up the
mess,as her children are always
whenever
she tries to.
A.in the way
B.on watch
C.in sight
D.on the line
)2.(2023·湖北)An artist who was recently traveling on
a ferry to the southern island discovered
a
long lost antique Greek vase.
A.at random
B.by chance
C.in turn
D.on occasion
)3.(2023·江西)He seems to be giving the impression
that he didn't enjoy himself in Paris.
he had
a wonderful time.
A.Above all
B.What's more
C.As a result
D.On the contrary
(
)4.(2023·福建)China has been pushing the reform of
public hospitals
all its citizens.
A.in charge of
B.for the purpose of
C.in honor of
D.for the benefit of
()5.(2023·江苏)-Thank God you're safe!
-I stepped back,just
to avoid the
racing car.
A.in time
B.in case
C.in need
D.in vain
()6.(2023·湖北)The furniture,with its modern style and
bright colors,suits modern houses and their gardens,
but looks
in the garden of a traditional home.
A.out of question
B.out of order
C.out of sight
D.out of place
)7.(2023·浙江)Brown said he was by no means
annoyed;
he was glad to be able to make
himself clearly understood.
A.all in all
B.for one thing
C.on the contrary
D.by the way
(
)8.(2023·福建)The lack of eco-friendly habits among
the public is thought to be a major
of global
climate change.
A.result
B.cause
C.warning
D.reflection
()9.(2023·福建)》
good service,the restaurant
offers different kinds of traditional Fujian dishes.
A.Far from
B.Apart from
C.Instead of
D.Regardless of
()10.(2022·湖北)It is illegal for a public official to ask
people for gifts or money favors to them.
A.in preference to B.in place of
C.in agreement with D.in exchange for
(
)il.(2022·福建)More and more high-rise buildings have
been built in big cities
space.
A.in search of
B.in place of
C.for lack of
D.for fear of
()12.(2022·江苏)So far we have done a lot to build a low-
carbon economy,but it is ideal.We have to
work still harder.
A.next to
B.far from
C.out of
D.due to
题源2介词的分类:由意义和作用分类(★★★)
()l.(2023·山东)The Smiths are praised
the
way they bring up their children.
A.from
B.by
C.at
D.for
()2.(2023·新课标I)It was a real race
time to
get the project done.Luckily,we made it.
A.over
B.by
C.for
D.against
)3.(2023·辽宁)The Well Hotel stands in a quiet place_
·3
the main road at the far end of the lake.
A.to
B.for
C.off
D.out
)4.(2023·安微)You can change your job,you can move
house,but friendship is meant to be
life.
A.of
B.on
C.to
D.for
)5.(2023·陕西)An agreement seems to be impossible
because the majority of the committee members are
it.
A.against
B.for
C.to
D.with
(
)6.(2023·福建)Nothing is so easy as
parents
to raise their expectations of their children too high.
A.of
B.to
C.by
D.for
)7.(2022·上海)Sean has formed the habit of jogging
the tree-lined avenue for two hours every day.
A.between
B.along
C.below
D.with
(
)8.I agree to his suggestion
the condition that he
drops all charges.
A.by
B.in
C.on
D.to
()9.(2022·重庆)The dictionary is what I want,butI
don't have enough money
me.
A.by
B.for
C.in
D.with
)10.(2022·江西)Nowadays some hospitals refer to pa
tients
name,not case number.
A.of
B.as
C.by
D.with
(
)11.(2022·天津)My father warned me
going
to the West Coast because it was crowded with tour-
ists.
A.by
B.on
C.for
D.against
)12.(2022·北京)Would you mind not picking the flowers
in the garden?They are
everyone's enjoy
ment.
A.in
B.at
C.for
D.to
题源3易混介词和习语比较(★★★★★)
)l.(2023·安微)Sometimes proper answers are not far to
seek
food safety problems.
A.in
B.to
C.on
D.after
)2.(2023·江苏)We'd better discuss everything
before we work out the plan.
A.in detail
B.in general
C.on purpose
D.on time
)3.(2022·江西)We give dogs time,space and love we
can spare,and
dogs give us their all.
A.in all
B.in fact
C.in short
D.in return
(
)4.(2022·浙江)I guess we've already talked about this
before but I'll ask you again just
A.by nature
B.in return
C.in case
D.by chance
(
)5.(2021·湖北)His efforts to raise money for his
program were
because no one showed any
intention to take a cent out of their pockets.
A.in place
B.in sight
C.in effect
D.in vain
B组
题源1介词的分类:由构成形式分类(★★★★★)
(
)l.(202l·北京)The wine industry in the area has devel-
oped in a special way,
little foreign owner-
ship.
A.by
B.of
C.with
D.from
()2.(2021·全国l)Jenny nearly missed the flight
doing too much shopping.
A.as a result of
B.on top of
C.in front of
D.in need of
()3.(2021·湖北)You'd sound a lot more polite if you
make a request
a question.
A.in search of
B.in the form of
C.in need of
D.in the direction of
(
)4.(2021·天津)The art show was being a fail-
ure;it was a great success.
A.far from
B.along with
C.next to
D.regardless of
()5.(2o21·江苏)This special school accepts all disabled
students,
educational level and background.
A.according to
B.regardless of
C.in addition to
D.in terms of
题源2介词的分类:由意义和作用分类(★★★)
().(2022·四川)Tired,Jim was fast asleep with his back
a big tree.
A.in
B.below
C.beside
D.against
()2.(2021·宁夏、海南)Everybody was touched
words after they heard her moving story.
A.beyond
B.without
C.of
D.in
()3.(2021·重庆)Try on this red skirt:you will look great
_it.
A.on
B.by
C.in
D.for
(
)4.(2021·四川)A great person is always putting others'
interests
his own.
A.below
B.above
C.in
D.on
(
)5.(2021·江西)The house I grew up_
has been
taken down and replaced by an office building.
A.in it
B.in
C.in that
D.in which
题源3易混介词和习语比较(★★★★★)
(
)l.(2021·上海)Four Chinese models were
the
14 people awarded prizes on Friday at the World Surp-
ermodel Competition.
A.among
B.between
C.along
D.beside
(
)2.(2021·福建)一How amazing it is that astronauts are
exploring outer space!
-It's a challenge,I guess,
man against na-
ture.
A.of
B.for
C.by
D.about
(
)3.(2021·辽宁)Children need friends
their
own age to play with.
A.of
B.for
C.in
D.at
)4.(2020·海南、宁夏)Let's learn to use the problem we
are facing a stepping-stone to future success.
A.to
B.for
C.as
D.by
()5.(2020·湖北)When she first arrived in China,she
wondered what the future might have
for
her,but now all her worries are gone.
A.in need
B.in time
C.in preparation
D.in store
(
)6.(2020·天津)At the railway station,the mother
waved goodbye to her daughter until the train
was
A.out of sight
B.out of reach
C.out of order
D.out of place需要用脑。more than意为“不仅仅”。
8.D句意:在护士的悉心照料下,这个男孩心脏手术
后正在逐渐恢复。故选D。
9.C句意:我肯定当不了老师。我不是个很有耐心的
人。从第二句能推断出第一句应为否定句。seldom意为“很
少”,与句意不搭配。
10.C句意:—你认为和你的学生交朋友是一个好主
意吗?一其实,我真的认为这是个很不错的主意。really
真正地;obviously明显地;actually实际上;generally大体
上。actually在句子中起加强语气的作用,相当于sure,cer
tainly,of course。
11.C句意:那是一套很不错的房子,可是对一家五口
来说有点小了。rather too稍微,有点儿:rarely-not often,
seldom不常,很少,颜度副词:fairly相当地,适度地,表示程
度的副词:pretty相当,颇,还;pretty certain相当可靠(有把
握);pretty good相当好。
题源3形容词和副词的比较等级
1.B考查形容词比较等级的特殊用法。布莱克先生非
常高兴,因为他的工厂生产的衣服从未如此受人欢迎。此处
比较级与否定词连用表示最高级含义。
2.B考查形容词。句意:电脑和手机虽然的确在使我
们的生活变得更便捷更高效,但它们已减少了我们面对面交
流的需要。make our life easier and more efficient使我们的
生活更便捷更高效。reduce the need for减少…的需要。
3.B句意:彼得的夹克衫看起来与杰克的一样,但是却
是他的价钱的两倍。考查倍数句型“倍数十as十原级
十as.”。
专题四介词和习语
十年高考母题原型训练
A组
题源1介词的分类:由构成形式分类
1.A考查介词短语。A项“挡道,妨碍”:B项“值班,
监视”;C项“在视线中,被看见”:D项“在线上”。根据句意:
史密斯太太发现想收拾一下那些乱七八糟的东西是困难的,
因为每当她想要收拾的时候她的那些孩子总是妨碍她。故
答案远A。
2.B考查介词十名词短语辨析。此处表示“偶然发现
了一个遗失多年的古希腊花瓶”,故远B。
3.D考查短语辨析。句意:他似乎正在给人一种他在
巴黎过得不开心的印象。相反,他度过了一段美妙的时光。
A项意为“最重要的是”:B项意为“还有”:C项意为“结果”:
。
D项意为“相反”。故D项符合题意,其余远项不符合题意。
4.D考查短语辨析。句意:中国为了它所有国民的利
益已在推动着公共医院的改苹。A项意为“控制”;B项意为
“为了…目的”;C项意为“为了纪念…”;D项“为了…
的利益”。故D项符合题意,其余远项不符合题意。
5.A考查短语辨析。句意:我退了回来,及时地避开
了那辆开得很快的车。A项意为“及时”;B项意为“万一”:C
项意为“需要”;D项意为“徒劳,徒然,无效”。因此远A项。
6.D考查短语辨析。句意:但是对于传统家庭的花
园,看起来不协调。由句意得出,D项为正确答策。
7.C考查短语辨析。句意:布朗说他不生气,正相反,
他很高兴自己能够被理解。A项意为“总之”:B项意为“一
方面”;C项意为“相反”:D项意为“顺便说一句”。故C项为
正确答案。
8.B考查名词辨析。句意:人们缺乏环保意识(习惯),
是全球气候变化的一个主要原因。A项“结果”:B项“原
因”;C项“警告”;D项“反应”。故B项符合题意。
9.B考查短语辨析。句意:除良好的服务之外,这个餐
馆还提供多种多样的福建菜。A项意为“远不及,远不足”;B
项意为“除…之外还有”相当于besides:C项意为“代替,而
不是”;D项意为“不管,无论”。故B项符合题意,其余远项
不符合题意。
10.D考查介词短语。句中favors是指官员为他人做
的事情,them指people。句意:对于一个公务员来说,为人
们做点好事就向人们要钱要物是不合法的。A项
Preference to是“优先于”的意思;B项in place of是“代替”的
意思;C项in agreement with是“与…一致”的意思;D项
in exchange for是“交换”的意思。显然,D项符合题意。
11,C考查介词短语。由于缺少空间城市里建起了越
来越多的摩天大楼。for lack of因缺乏,符合题意。in search
of寻找;in place of代替;for fear of唯恐,以免。
12.B考查词组辨析。句意:迄今为止我们为建设低碳
经济已经做出了很多,但是远不理想。我们必须更加努力。
far from表示“远非,一点也不”。A项表示“仅次于”;C项表
示“离开,出于”,一殷与名词或代词连用;D项表示“因为”。
题源2介词的分类:由意义和作用分类
1.D考查介词。句意为:史密斯夫妇因为他们养育孩
子的方式而受到称赞。短语be praised for.…“因…而受到
称赞”。
2.D考查介词。根据句意:完成这项工程是与时间的
一次真正的赛跑。故选D。
3.C考查介词辨析。句意:Well Hotel位于一个宁静
的地方,远离主千道。C项of意为“远离”,故选C项。
4.D考查介词辨析。句意:你可以换工作,你可以搬
家,但是友谊意味着一辈子的事。由题意得D项为正确
答案。
5.A考查介词辨析。句意:这个协议似乎是不可能
的,因为大多数委员会成员都反对它。A项意为“反对”符合
题意。
6.D考查介词辨析。for parents'“对父母而言”,由题
意得D项为正确答案。
7.B考查介词的用法,根据句意“Sean已经形成了每
天沿着绿荫大道慢跑两小时的习惯”,表示“沿着”时,应该
选B。
8.C句意:我同意他的建议,条件是他放弃所有指控。
考查介词用法,介词on和he condition that一起相当于一个连
词,引导条件状语从句,意思是“条件是,以…为条件”。
9.D考查介词。with在此表示“在…身边,在…
身上”。
10.C考查介词辨析。句意:如今有些医院是以姓名来
查阅患者的,而不是凭病例编号(去查询的)。by name按
姓名。
ll.D考查介词辨析。warn sb.against(doing)sth,表
示“警告某人不要做某事”。
12.C考查介词。for表示“为了”,即这些花是给所有
人欣赏的。
题源3易混介词和习语比较
1.B考查介词辨析。句意:有时候寻找食品安全问题
的答案并不难。此处“answer to.”意为“…的答案”为习
惯用法,故选B。
2.A考查介词辨析。句意:在制定出计划之前,我们
最好把一切都详细讨论一下。A项“详细地”;B项“大体上
地”:C项“故意地”;D项“准时地”,故远A。
3.D考查介词短语。句意:我们抽出时间、空间和爱
给予狗,而狗回报给我们的则是它们的全部。in all总共,in
fact实际上,in short简而言之,in return作为报答。
4.C考查短语辨析。我猜我们以前谈过这个问题,但
以防万一,我还是要再问问你。in case表示“以防万一”:by
nature表示“天生,生性”:in return表示“作为…的回报”;
by chance则表示“偶然,意外地”。根据语意,选C项。
5.D句意:他为他的项目等集资金的努力付诸东流
了,因为没有一个人愿意从腰包里掏出一分线。in place在
适当的位置,准备就绪;in sight在视线内可以看见;in effect
生效,起作用;in vain徒劳。又如:They tried in vain to per-
suade her to go.他们极力劝说她去,但枉费了一番口舌。
All our efforts were in vain.我们所有的努力全都是枉费
心机。
B组
题源1介词的分类:由构成形式分类
1.C句意:这个地区的酿酒业发展得很特别,几乎没有
外资公司。with相当于having,故选C。
2.A句意:由于购物花费时间太多,珍妮差点错过航
班。as a result of作为…的结果,由于;on top of在…之
上;in front of在…前面;in need of需要…。
3.B句意:如果你以问题的形式提出要求,那么会显得
更有礼貌。in search of寻找,寻求;in the form of以…形
式;in need of(in want of)需要;in the direction of朝着
方向。又如:I told the bad news in the form of telling the
story.我以讲故事的形式告诉了他这个噩耗。Help in the
form of money will be welcome,以钱的形式资助将十分受
欢迎。
4.A句意:此次美术展绝非失败,而是巨大的成功。
far from远非,毫不,简直不。
5.B句意:这所特殊教育学校接收所有残疾学生,不管
教育水平和教育背景。according to据…所说,按…所
载;根据,按照;regardless of不顾,不管;in addition to
除…之外(还);in terms of按照,从…方面来说。
题源2介词的分类:由意义和作用分类
l.D against“靠,倚”。句意:疲倦了,吉姆背靠着一棵
大树很快就睡着了。
2.A句意:在听了她的动人的故事后,他们每个人都
深深地感动了,这种感动是无法用言语表达的。beyond意
为“超出,超过”。beyond构成的其他短语:beyond control控
制不了;beyond reach够不着;beyond description无法描述;
beyond repair无法修理。
3.C句意:你试穿一下这件红色的裙子,你穿着它会很
好看的。英语中介词表示“穿着、带着”的意义时,表状态,
常用于名词后作定语或表语,如:the man in a blue hat戴着
蓝礼帽的那个男人;Susan is in yellow today..苏珊今天穿了
一身黄色的衣服。
4.B句意:伟人总是把他人利益放于个人利益之上。
below低于;above高于;in在…内部:on在…(表面)上。
5.B句意:我从小到大居住的房子已经被拆掉,取而代
之的是一座办公大楼。此题考查定语从句。先行词为the
house,代入定语从句后为:】I grew up in the house.故答案
为B。
题源3易混介词和习语比较
1.A句意:在周五的“世界超级模特大赛”上,四位中
国模特跻身l4位获奖选手之列。among相当于one of...,
included in…之中,…之列;between在(两者)之间;
along沿着;beside在…旁边。
2.A句意:—宇航员们在探测外部空间,多么神奇
呀!一我想,这是人类与大自然搏斗的主要难题之一。
challenge常与of连用,of表示“coming from”来源于。
3.A句意:儿童需要与他们同龄的朋友玩耍。of their
own age与他们同龄的,介词短语作后置定语。
4.C句意:让我们学会把我们现在所面临的问题作为
将来成功的垫脚石。use...as把…作为。we are facing是
定语从句,修饰名词problem。
5.D句意:第一次到中国时,她不知道将来会出现什
么问题,但现在她所有的担心都消失了。in need需要;in
time及时;in preparation在准备之中;in store(意外、问题
等)将要发生,就要出现。由语境可知D项正确。
6.A句意:在车站,母亲向女儿挥手告别直到火车从
她的视野中消失。out of sight看不见,在视野之外;out of
reach够不到,力所不能及的;out of order混乱的:out of
place不适合的,不恰当的。
专题五动词和动词短语
十年高考母题原型训练
A组
题源1动词的分类
1.C考查动词短语辨析。A项“调小,拒绝”,B项“结
果证明…”,C项“出故障,分解”,D项“爆发”。根据句意:
当发生灾难无线网络出故障的时候,老式的电话就有作用
了。故答案为C。
2.C考查动词辨析。根据句意:聪明人经常会让复杂
的问题简单化,而傻瓜更可能将简单的东西复杂化。
3.D考查动词辨析。句意:按照法律规定,所有外来
人员都得在到达两周后向当地警方登记。
4.B考查动词短语。A项“递离,脱身”:B项“接手,
接管”:C项“动身,启程”;D项“用完,用尽”。根据句意,当
Mitchell退职的时候,Briggs会接任总经理一职,故答案
远B。
5.D考查动词用法。句意为:我想汤姆作为一个部门
的领导,要么该定期学习,要么辞掉工作。either...or意为
“要么…要么…”,其后动词形式保持一致,故选D。
6.C考查动词词义辨析。句意为:最后,我要感谢我的
。
导师,他给了我很多建议并且在我的论文上做批注,而且为
我论文稿的每一页文字润色。A项“赞成,批准”;B项“引
用,提出”:C项“润饰,使优雅”:D项“折叠”。根据句意,C项
正确。
7.A考查动词词义辨析。句意为:有两位律师出资
50,000美元来主办我们学校的“帮助贫困同学”的活动,这
个活动是三年前由我们的前任校长发起的。sponsor意为
“主办”;launch意为“发动,开办”;organize意为“组织”;plan
意为“计划”。根据句意可知A项正确。
8.A考查动词词义辨析。句意为:我们都同意农舍会
成为这个家庭的完美假日之家。make有“制造”之意,故
远A。
9.D考查动词词义辨析。句意为:根据科学家的解
释,我们的智力在22岁时达到最高水平,在27岁时开始下
降。A项意为“不同”:B项意为“收缩”:C项意为“衰退,失
败”:D项意为“下降”,故选D。
10.D考查动词词义辨析。句意为:我宁可保留自己
的意见,直到我找到证据。show"展示”:express'”表达”;pass
“通过,传递”;reserve'“保留”,根据句意可知,D项符合题意。
11.A考查动词辨析。句意为:—你还在生他的气
吗?一不是很生气了,但是不可否认她的话伤害了我。
deny意为“否认”,符合题意,而refuse意为“拒绝”;reject意
为“拒绝接受”;decline意为“谢绝,减少”,均不符合题意。
12.C考查动词辨析。句意为:威廉发现他现在读书越
来越困难,因为他的视力开始下降。fail意为“衰退,失败,不
及格,减弱”符合题意,而disappear意为“消失不见”;fal意
为“落下,降临,下跌”;damage意为“损坏,毁坏”是及物动
词,后须接宾语,因此远C。
13.A考查动词词义辨析。句意为:部长说:“我们愿
意和任何的合法团体讨论,但我们决不和罪犯协商。
negotiate协商;quarrel争吵;argue争辩;consult咨询,根据
句意可知,A项符合题意。
14.D考查动词词义辨析。句意为:你已经到了足以
自己谋生的年纪了。earn/make one's living为固定搭配,意
为“谋生”,故选D。
15.D考查动词词义辨析。句意为:越来越多的临床
证据证明,相对于在动物身上的试验预期,这种新药有更广
泛的应用。operate意为“指导,指挥”:strengthen意为"加
强”;approve意为“赞同”;accumulate意为“积聚”,由此可知
远D。
16.B考查动词词义辨析。句意为:如果你想获得成
功,知识和学习是很重要的,但是他们也可能会限制我们的