专题四 介词和习语 题源2 介词的分类由意义和作用分类-【备战高考】备战2027高考英语母题题源同步练

词条 词义及其作用 by way of 经…：由… due to 因为 in addition to 除了…之外（还有） in advance of (1)在…前面(2)比…先进 in celebration of 为庆祝… in case of 如果；在…时：在…情况下 in search of 寻求；试图发现 in place of 代替：而不是 in need of 需要 in charge of 对…负责：掌管 in the charge of 由…负责（表示被动意义） in spite of 尽管；即使：虽然：不管 in time of 在…时刻 in a state of 处于…状态中 in the course of 在…期间 in honor(memory)of 为纪念… instead of 代替：而不是 in favor of 贽同：有利于 on account of 因为：由于：基于 on behalf of 代表：以…的名义 owing to 因为 thanks to 因为：多亏 under the name of 以…的名义 under the condition that 在…的条件下 under the control of 在…的支配/控制下 with no relation to 与…无关 with the view of 为了：以…为目的 within the reach of 在…力所能及的范国内 )[真题4](2023·辽宁) everyone here,I wish you a pleasant journey back to your country. A.By means of B.On behalf of C.In search of D.For fear of [解析]考查介词短语。A项“通过…的方式”；B项“代 表…”；C项“寻找…”；D项“以免，害怕”。根据句意，“我代 表这儿的所有人”可知答案为B。 [答案]B )[真题5](2023·湖北)When asked about their opinions about the schoolmaster,many teachers would prefer to see him step aside younger men. A.in terms of B.in need of C.in favor of D.in praise of ·2 [解析]考查介词短语辨析。句意：当被问到关于校长的 意见时，许多教师更希望见到他能让位来支持年轻人。A项in terms of意为“就…而言”；B项in need of意为“需要”；C项in favor of意为“赞成，支持”；D项in praise of意为“赞扬，表扬”， 故C项符合题意。 [答案]C 题源2介词的分类：由意义和作用分类 解题模型2.1 方位介词 1,图解方位介词 above across"over 4on above above 1nto4 around beside* through down -towards from← -to below beneath below across'under below under -over rough The flag is beyond the mountain.It is beyond my reach/not within my reach. Be careful,there is a heavy box over your head. The sun is above the mountain in the east. There are some stamps on the desk. The position he pointed to was below the sea level. The little mouse is under the table,so it is not easy to find it. The Great Wall winds its way from west to east, across deserts,over mountains,through valleys,till at last reaches the sea. The crowd of people walked past the City Hall to the Centre Square. It's quite beyond me why such things have been allowed to happen 2.at,in 均表示地点，意为“在……处”。t用于指较小的地 方；in用于指较大的地方。如： We'll meet each other at the park. 我们将在公园见面。 Mr.White lived in Hong Kong for 20 years. 怀特先生在香港生活了20年。 3.in,on,to在方位名词前的区别 都可以表示两地之间的方位关系。表示在某范围 之内；t0表示在某范围之外；o表示“毗邻，接触”。如： Shandong Province is/lies in the east of China.,(在某范 围之内) Shandong lies to the southeast of Hebei Province. 某范围之外) Mongolia is/.lies on the north of China.(接壤) 4.between,among 均表示“在…中间”或“在…之间”。among指在 三者或三者以上之间，而between表示在两者之间。有时 between之后也可能出现三个或三个以上的宾语，但这时 所强调的仍然是其中每两者之间的相互关系。此外，当句 中出现divide,share之类的词时，如果后面跟着几个单数 名词，则用between:如果后面是复数名词，用between和a mong都可以。如： This secret is only between you and me. We'll visit a town among the mountains. From the top of the tree,the boy saw guns between the trees. He divided his money between John,Helen and his nephew. 5.from,out of 均表示来源或出处。from注重起点，意为“从…”： out of侧重于从里向外，意为“从…里出来”。如： The shouting of the soldiers'drilling could be heard from the playground. She took the passport out of her handbag and showed it to the policeman. We are moving out of our flat. The train from London arrives here at nine o'clock. 6.in,on 均可表示“在…上”，描写两个物体的接触情况。o 侧重于表面接触，而侧重于接触的深度。英语中的某些 习惯表达法，常用in或on:如打某人的脸、眼、嘴、胸、腹等 部位时，用；而打头、额、鼻、耳、颈、肩、腿等部位时，用 on;表示植物本身生长出来的枝、叶、花、果等，用on the tree,但表示植物本身以外的人或动物“在树上”，用in the tree,指被枝叶遮掩在其中。如： We found a square hole in the wall. The teacher patted the boy on the head and comforted him. There are lots of apples on the tree. )[真题6](2023·北京)Do you think this shirt is too tight the shoulders? A.at B.on C.to D.across [解析]考查介词辨析。句意：你认为这件衬衫穿过肩膀 的时候很紧吗？across表示“穿过”，符合题意。 [答案]D 解题模型2.2 时间介词 1.at,in,on,by (1)at的用法 ①表示时间点、时刻等。如：atl2:00,at noon,at night,at midnight,at dawn,at daybreak ②表示较短暂的一段时间，可指某个节日或被认为是 一年中标志大事的日子。如：at Christmas 2 (2)in的用法 ①表示在某个较长的时间内（如：世纪、朝代、年代、月 及泛指上午、下午和傍晚等)。如：in the l980s,in the Qing Dynasty,in October,in the morning/afternoon/evening 说明：当时间名词前有this,that,last,next,some, every等词限定时，通常不用任何介词。 ②表示在一段时间之后。如： I'll be back in an hour. (3)on的用法 ①用于表示具体的日子或一个特定的时间，如：某日、 某节日、星期几等。如：on October the first,on a rainy day,on National Day ②用于表示特定的早晨、下午或晚上。如：on the eve of victory(胜利前夕)，on the morning of January the third, on the afternoon of his arrival ③准时、按时：on time 2.after,in in表示时间，常表示“在…时间之内”，有时in还有 “在…时间之后”的意思，但表示此意时，必须具备两个 条件：(1)所修饰的动词必须表示将来：(2)后面必须是一 段时间。这两个条件缺一不可，否则用after或later。如： My father will be back in three days. 我父亲三天后回来。 My father will be back after 3 o'clock 我父亲将在三，点之后回来。 My father came back after 3 days/3 days after/3 days later. 我父亲三天后回来的。 3.for,from,since for后接时间段的名词词组，表示行为状态持续了多 久；from后接时间点的名词词组，表示行为或状态的起始 点，而不涉及其持续时间的长短；since后接时间点的名词 词组，不仅表示行为或状态的起始点，而且还强调该行为 或状态从起始点一直持续到此时此刻，因而常与延续性动 词的现在完成时连用。如： Mr.Brown enjoyed the country life and lived there for almost fifteen years after his retirement. My younger sister began to learn dance from the age of five. Tom has been doing his homework since 7 o'clock. )[真题7](2004·上海)The accident is reported to have occurred the first Sunday in February. A.at B.on C.in D.to [解析]在表示特指某一天时须用介词on;at用来表示在 某一具体时刻；in用来表示在某一段时间。 [答案]B ( )[真题8](20l8·北京)-When do we need to pay the balance? September 30. A.In B.By C.During D.Within [解析]by意为“到……为止”，指到9月30日为止。in 表示一段时间，后接表示年、月或一段时间的名词，不表示 日，所以不能作为答案。during意为“在…期间”，后接表示 一段时间的名词。within与in意思基本相同，着重表示在某 段时间内。 [答案]B 解题模型2.3 1.表示“原因”的介词 (1)due to,owing to,thanks to,because of on ac- count of表示“原因”。 due to,owing to意为“由于、因为”。due to强调起 因，多用在be之后作表语；owing to多用来做动词的状语， 表示引起某种不良后果的原因，可用because of取代。 thanks to表示“幸亏、多亏”，多指引起某种幸运结果的原 因。because of和on account of可以互换，但because of较 为普通，通常位于句首或句尾：on account of较为正式。 Our delay was due to the heavy fall of snow. Owing to the heavy fall of snow,all flights have been cancelled. Thanks to John,we won the game. Because of his wife's being there,I said nothing about it. The game was delayed on account of the snow. 注意：有时这些词可以互换 He lost his job due to/owing to/because of his care- lessness. (2)with,through,at,by和out of表示“原因”。 意义和用法 示例 shake with cold冷得发抖 多表明身体或精神上white with fear吓得脸色发白 with 由外界到内心产生变red with anger气得满脸通红 化的原因。 tremble with rage气得浑身发抖 The boy jumped with joy. through ignorance/idleness/ 多用来表示不良原因，misunderstanding由于无知/懒 through 而这种原因多造成不散/误解 良后果。 I was lost through not knowing the way. 表示“因听到或看到 at 而…”，指情感变化 He was surprised at the news. 的原因。 表示外边的，尤其是暴 Her body was bent by age. by 力的或无意中造成某 种结果的原因。 She took your bag by mistake. 侧重指行为的动机或out of pity/kindness/envy/curiosity out of 出于一种内心的感受。出于同情/好心/嫉妒/好奇 2.表示工具、手段和材料的介词 by,in,with,through on (1)by表示“用方法、手段、途径等”或意为“乘坐（交通工具）”， 后接的名词前面通常不用冠词。 by land/sea(water)/air由陆路/海路/空运 by post/telephone用邮寄方式/电话 by car/bus/train来汽车/公交车/火车 (2)in表示“用方式、材料、途径、语言等”。 He likes writing in ink/pencil. He wrote many letters in English. (3)with表示“用具体的工具、手段、材料或其他行为方式”。 He plays table tennis with his left hand. He told me to write with a pen. 2 (4)through表示“经由，以方法、手段等”。 We learn a second language through listening,speak ing,reading and writing. (5)0n表示“以…方式”，多用于固定词组。 She learned English on the radio. They talked on the phone. )[真题9] (2020·福建)A great man shows his greatness the way he treats little men. A.under B.with C.on D.by [解析]句意：伟人的伟大之处往往体现在他是如何对待 小人物的。介词by可表示方法、手段，可译为“靠，用，通过”。 如：Learn English by way of watching TV.通过看电视学英语。 way一般不和介词under,with连用，on the way'“在路上，在途 中”，不符合题意。有一，点需要提醒，有些考生可能把by the way 译成“顺便说一下”，那就误解本题的意思了。 [答案]D 解题模型2.4 原因介词because of,due to,thanks to,of,with等 because of因为、由于，通常作状语，位于句首或句尾。 due to由于、因为，通常作表语。 thanks to幸亏、多亏，既可用于衰义，又可用于贬义， 多用于句首。如： The sports meeting will be put off till next Saturday because of the heavy rain. His illness was due to smoking and drinking. Thanks to the Party's good policy,the farmers are now living a happy and rich life. She was sad at the news.听到那消息她很悲伤。 When they heard their team won,they jumped with joy. 当听说他们队获胜时，他们欣喜若狂。 )[真题10](2001·上海)Rose was wild with joy the result of the examination. A.to B.at C.by D.as [解析]at放在某些形容词之后表示原因，意为“一听到/ 看到…（而产生某种感情）”；be wild with joy at..意思是： “因…而高兴得发狂（欣喜若狂）”。 [答案]B 题源3 易混介词和习语比较 解题模型 1.besides,except,except for,except that/when..., but,but for,other than apart from (I)besides表示“除…之外（还有）”，指把除去的部 分和整体都包括在内；except表示“除…之外（不再有）”， 指除去的部分不被包括在整体之内：except for表示“除了 某点外”，一般用于指除去的那一小部分不同于整体部分， 即两部分指的事物不同类，而except和besides除去的部 分和整体是同类；except that/,when..表示“除…外，只