专题四 介词和习语 题源3 易混介词和习语比较-【备战高考】备战2027高考英语母题题源同步练

[答案]B 解题模型2.3 1.表示“原因”的介词 (1)due to,owing to,thanks to,because of on ac- count of表示“原因”。 due to,owing to意为“由于、因为”。due to强调起 因，多用在be之后作表语；owing to多用来做动词的状语， 表示引起某种不良后果的原因，可用because of取代。 thanks to表示“幸亏、多亏”，多指引起某种幸运结果的原 因。because of和on account of可以互换，但because of较 为普通，通常位于句首或句尾：on account of较为正式。 Our delay was due to the heavy fall of snow. Owing to the heavy fall of snow,all flights have been cancelled. Thanks to John,we won the game. Because of his wife's being there,I said nothing about it. The game was delayed on account of the snow. 注意：有时这些词可以互换 He lost his job due to/owing to/because of his care- lessness. (2)with,through,at,by和out of表示“原因”。 意义和用法 示例 shake with cold冷得发抖 多表明身体或精神上white with fear吓得脸色发白 with 由外界到内心产生变red with anger气得满脸通红 化的原因。 tremble with rage气得浑身发抖 The boy jumped with joy. through ignorance/idleness/ 多用来表示不良原因，misunderstanding由于无知/懒 through 而这种原因多造成不散/误解 良后果。 I was lost through not knowing the way. 表示“因听到或看到 at 而…”，指情感变化 He was surprised at the news. 的原因。 表示外边的，尤其是暴 Her body was bent by age. by 力的或无意中造成某 种结果的原因。 She took your bag by mistake. 侧重指行为的动机或out of pity/kindness/envy/curiosity out of 出于一种内心的感受。出于同情/好心/嫉妒/好奇 2.表示工具、手段和材料的介词 by,in,with,through on (1)by表示“用方法、手段、途径等”或意为“乘坐（交通工具）”， 后接的名词前面通常不用冠词。 by land/sea(water)/air由陆路/海路/空运 by post/telephone用邮寄方式/电话 by car/bus/train来汽车/公交车/火车 (2)in表示“用方式、材料、途径、语言等”。 He likes writing in ink/pencil. He wrote many letters in English. (3)with表示“用具体的工具、手段、材料或其他行为方式”。 He plays table tennis with his left hand. He told me to write with a pen. 2 (4)through表示“经由，以方法、手段等”。 We learn a second language through listening,speak ing,reading and writing. (5)0n表示“以…方式”，多用于固定词组。 She learned English on the radio. They talked on the phone. )[真题9] (2020·福建)A great man shows his greatness the way he treats little men. A.under B.with C.on D.by [解析]句意：伟人的伟大之处往往体现在他是如何对待 小人物的。介词by可表示方法、手段，可译为“靠，用，通过”。 如：Learn English by way of watching TV.通过看电视学英语。 way一般不和介词under,with连用，on the way'“在路上，在途 中”，不符合题意。有一，点需要提醒，有些考生可能把by the way 译成“顺便说一下”，那就误解本题的意思了。 [答案]D 解题模型2.4 原因介词because of,due to,thanks to,of,with等 because of因为、由于，通常作状语，位于句首或句尾。 due to由于、因为，通常作表语。 thanks to幸亏、多亏，既可用于衰义，又可用于贬义， 多用于句首。如： The sports meeting will be put off till next Saturday because of the heavy rain. His illness was due to smoking and drinking. Thanks to the Party's good policy,the farmers are now living a happy and rich life. She was sad at the news.听到那消息她很悲伤。 When they heard their team won,they jumped with joy. 当听说他们队获胜时，他们欣喜若狂。 )[真题10](2001·上海)Rose was wild with joy the result of the examination. A.to B.at C.by D.as [解析]at放在某些形容词之后表示原因，意为“一听到/ 看到…（而产生某种感情）”；be wild with joy at..意思是： “因…而高兴得发狂（欣喜若狂）”。 [答案]B 题源3 易混介词和习语比较 解题模型 1.besides,except,except for,except that/when..., but,but for,other than apart from (I)besides表示“除…之外（还有）”，指把除去的部 分和整体都包括在内；except表示“除…之外（不再有）”， 指除去的部分不被包括在整体之内：except for表示“除了 某点外”，一般用于指除去的那一小部分不同于整体部分， 即两部分指的事物不同类，而except和besides除去的部 分和整体是同类；except that/,when..表示“除…外，只 是”，后接从句。 I have a few friends besides you. The article is good except this paragraph. The article is good except for his handwriting. She seldom wears the coat except when she goes shop ping on Sundays. (2)but和except的用法基本相同并常互换使用，但 buts no,nothing,not anything,nobody,nowhere, all,anything,who等词连用。 They are all from the countryside but/except John. I never saw him reading anything but the newspaper. ●疑点警示 ①but和except后面都可接不定式，表示 “除…外”。如果but或except前面的句中有“do (做)”，后面的不定式一般不带“to”,否则要接带“to” 的不定式作but,except的宾语。即“前有do后省 to,前无do后加to”。 What can I do but/except sit and wait? There was nothing left to them except to fight their way out. ②but位置的变化会引起人称代词主、宾格的 变化。 No one but I(=except me)knows it. No one knows it but me(=except me) (3)but for的含义有时与except for相同，但主要表示 “要不是…”，常用于虚拟句，表示一种假设。 But for his help,we would still be working now. But for your timely rescue,the boy would have drowned.(but for=if it had not been for) (4)other than含义与except/but相同，都表示从总体 中除去一部分，后接名词、代词或不定式（包括带0的或不 带to的不定式)。 In that case,there is nothing you can do other than wait. Does anybody other than yourself know this? ●疑点警示 other than/,but和except都可接名词、代词、动名 词、不定式，可以互换；但except后接副词、介词短语、 when从句等时，but/other than不可替换except。 He has always been busy except when it is Sun- day. The window is never opened except in summer. (5)apart from在不同的上下文中，既有besides的含 义，又有except和except for的含义，要根据上下文来 判别。 Apart from English,he has a good command of Russian and French.(=besides) 3 He has no interests,apart from his work.(=except) It's a good paper,apart from a few spelling mistakes (=except for) 2.for与of表示不定式复合结构的逻辑主语 (1)it is+adj.+of sb.to do sth.=sb.+be+adj.+to do sth. 当形容词说明不定式逻辑主语的性质、特征时，用o。 常见的此类形容词有：kind,good,nice,clever, stupid,foolish,considerate,polite,impolite,cruel (2)it is+adj.+for sb.to do sth. 当形容词说明不定式的性质时，用for。 常见的此类形容词有：important,necessary,possible, impossible等。如： It is kind of the teachers to help support the poor students. =The teachers are kind to help support the poor students. It is quite important for us to protect our environment. 3.on与in表示处于某种状态 0n用于表示动态，如正在从事某种活动或处于某种运 动状态之中。如： on business出差；on a visit在访问；on strike在罢工； on sale在出售；on show在上映；on watch在站岗/放哨；on fire着火；on vacation/holiday在度假 加多用于表示静态，如安全、危险、健康、涉及人的情 绪等。如： in trouble陷入图境；in danger处于危险中；in order有 序，有条理；in surprise惊讶地；in silence默默地；in high/ low spirits情绪高涨/低落 4.形容词后的for与to 英语中常见一些形容词与介词for或to搭配。这种搭 配非常灵活，现将几种常见的搭配情况简述如下： (1)当形容词被副词too或enough修饰时，其后只能 用for。如： The shirt is too large for me. (2)当侧重于与别人比较，有“就…而论”之意时，常 用for。如： Chinese is very difficult for me.I can't learn it. (3)当侧重于主观看法，有“以…看来”之意时，常用 t0。如： Chinese is very difficult to me,but I'll try my best to learn it. (4)如果无特定的语境，则用for或to都可以。这时主 要看说话者的态度，若说话者侧重第(2)条所述，则用for: 若说话者侧重第(3)条所述，则用t0。如： The text is very easy to/for me. 5.at,from,in的有关表达 (l)at:at dawn拂晓；at daybreak拂晓；at sunrise日出 时；at sunset/sundown日落时；at noon中午；at dusk黄昏； at night夜晚；at home在家；at table在用餐；at school在上 学；at college在上大学；at risk在危险中；at last最后；at rest静止不动 (2)from:from memory凭记忆；from cover to cover 从头至尾；from day to day日复一日；from beginning to end从头到尾；from head to foot从头到脚 (3)in:in hurry匆忙；in high/poor/bad spirits情绪高 涨/低落；in tears热泪盈眶；in fear在恐惧中；in danger在 危险中；in peace和平相处；in safety很安全；in need被需 要；in good order很整齐；in silence静静地；in good health 身体好；in a fever在发烧；in love热恋中；in public在公共 场所；in doubt有疑问；in print在印刷；in flower在开花 6.of十抽象名词=形容词 of+great./much+抽象名词=very+形容词；of+no十 抽象名词=not十形容词。如： It is of great/much value.=It is very valuable. The camel is of great help to the Arab. =The camel is very helpful to the Arab. It is of no use.=It is not useful.-It is useless. He is twenty years of age =He is twenty years old. This matter is of much importance. =This matter is very important. 7,t0与情感名词连用，表示“某种行动后产生的感觉” delight delight surprise surprise horror horror to+one's十 =to the of sb. sorrow sorrow joy joy regret regret 这种表达法表示结果，用作状语，位于句子前、中、后 皆可。 为了强调，可在前面加much,意为“使某人…的是”。 8.as,like 两个词都有“像…”的意思，但作此义讲时，as为连 词，后面接句子；ke为介词，后面接名词、代词等；当前面 有such,as,the same时，后面也用as。此外as作介词时， 还有“作为…”等意思。如： Do as I do.像我这样做。 (美国人也常说Do like I do.。) I have the same book as you (have). 我和你有同样的书。 He looks like his father..他长得像他父亲。 Adult as he is,his mother always treats him as a child. 虽然他已长大成人，但他妈妈总是像待小孩子那样 待他。 9.with的用法 with在英语中用法繁多，在中学英语中也不例外，因 此成为高考热点并不稀奇。其主要用法如下： (1)表示“和…在一起”“由…陪同”或“有…在 场”。如： Mr.and Mrs.Smith were there,with their family of three small children. 史密斯夫妇和他们三个年幼的孩子在那儿。 You cannot see Mr.Johnson at the moment,as he is with the manager. 你此刻见不到约翰逊先生，因为他在经理那儿。 (2)表示两种事物之间的相应关系或齐头并进的意 思。如： With time passing,they have grown into big boys and big girls. 随着时间的流逝，他们都长成大小伙子和大姑娘了。 Temperatures vary with the time of the year. 温度随着时节的变化而变化。 (3)表示“带有，带来，带走，携带”等，有“伴随”的意 思。如： The waiter arrived with a cup of coffee. 服务员端着一杯咖啡来了。 He came downstairs with his coat over his arm. 他把外衣搭在胳膊上走下楼来。 It is very stuffy in the room,with all the windows closed. 由于所有窗户都关着，屋子里非常闷。 (4)引导一个表示方式的状语附加语。如： She lay back in the chair with her eyes closed. 她闭着眼晴背靠在椅子上坐着。 The stranger spoke with a foreign accent. 那陌生人说话带外国口音。 He looked at me with a frown. 他皱着眉头看我。 同样的用法还有：with a sneer嘲笑地，with a sign唉 声叹气地，with a sob抽噎地，with a laugh哈哈大笑、大 笑着。 (5)指原因或理由。如： She was shivering with cold.她冷得发抖。 The small child trembled with fear. 小孩吓得打哆嗦。 His face was red with anger.他的脸气得通红。 My wife is in bed with influenza. 我的妻子得了流行性感冒卧病在床。 10.by的用法 (1)表示“不迟于（某时间）”。如： We have to be home by ten o'clock. 我们十点钟得到家。 I have promised to have the work finished by the end of this week. 我已经答应本周末完成这项工作。 (2)表示“在…期间（一段指明的时间）”。如： They decided to travel by night. 他们决定在夜里旅行。 (3)指人体或物体的某一部分。表示“此人此物”，句 中前面的总述对其有较为明确的特指。如： He seized me by the arm,他抓住我的胳膊。 (4)表示“由于……的结果”。如： He succeeded by hard work. 他由于努力工作而成功。 (5)表示“到…的程度”。如： This one is shorter than the other by three inches. 这一个比那一个短三英寸。 We lost the match by one goal. 那场比赛我们输了一分。 (6)表示买卖东西所按以计算的数或量，或付酬所按 以计算的时间。如： Milk is sold by the pint,butter by the pound,and eggs by the dozen. 牛奶论品脱卖，黄油论磅卖，蛋类论打卖。 (7)表示“按照…”或“根据…”。如： By my watch,the time is half past eleven. 按我的表，现在是十一点半。 By the expression on his face,he seemed to be displeased. 从他的面部表情来看，他似乎不高兴。 We shall get a storm before long by the look of the sky. 看天色，暴风雨就要来了。 (8)表示“因…而得到结果”或“凭着”。如： It was only by chance that I heard the news. 我只是偶然听到这个消息。 11.介词与某些词类的搭配 (1)名词与介词的固定搭配 ①要加to的名词：key,answer,visit,apology,intro duction,attitude,monument,devotion ②要加in的名词：interest,satisfaction,expert等 ③要加on的名词：mercy,congratulations,effect等 ④要加其他介词的名词：prize for,respect for,victory over,struggle with,excuse for,for fear of (2)形容词与介词的固定搭配 ①要加at的形容词：angry,good,bad,clever,sur prised,excited,puzzled,frightened ②要加of的形容词：afraid,sure,certain,full,tired, fond,proud,worthy ③要加with的形容词：angry,strict,careful,busy, popular,patient ④要加in的形容词：weak,strict,rich,interested, successful,slow ⑤要加to的形容词：next,good,polite,kind,cruel, rude,known,married,close,similar,due ⑥要加for的形容词：sorry,famous,fit,unfit, eager,anxious,hungry ⑦要加from的形容词：far,different,free,safe,ab sent,tired ⑧要加about的形容词：sorry,worried,curious,anx ious,careful,sure,certain 注意：考查此类介词，一是有设置的语境，二是有相类似的 短语，因此，考生要注意多积累相关介词的知识。 )[真题11](2023·课标)The form cannot be signed by an yone yourself. A.rather than B.other than C.more than D.better than [解析]考查短语辨析。句意：除你本人外，其他任何人均 不能填写这张表格。A项“而不”；B项“除非，不同于”；C项“多 于，超过”：D项“比……好”，故B项符合题意。 [答案]B )[真题12](2023·四川)Nick,it's good for you to read some books China before you start your trip there. A.in B.for C.of D.on [解析]考查介词的用法。句意：尼克，在开始中国之旅 前，读一些关于中国的书籍是有好处的。A项“在中国”；B项 “为中国”：C项“中国的”：D项“关于中国”，故D项符合句意。 [答案]D ( )[真题13](2023·北京)With new technology,pictures of underwater valleys can be taken color. A.by B.for C.with D.in [解析]考查介词辨析。句意：使用新技术，水下山谷能拍 摄成彩色照片。A项“经由”；B项“为了”；C项“用…，带 有…”；D项in color习惯用法，意为“彩色的”，故D项符合 题意。 [答案]D 十年高考母题原型训练 (★代表高考出现的频次) A组 题源1介词的分类：由构成形式分类（★★★★★） )l.(2023·福建)Mrs.Smith finds it hard to clear up the mess,as her children are always whenever she tries to. A.in the way B.on watch C.in sight D.on the line )2.(2023·湖北)An artist who was recently traveling on a ferry to the southern island discovered a long lost antique Greek vase. A.at random B.by chance C.in turn D.on occasion )3.(2023·江西)He seems to be giving the impression that he didn't enjoy himself in Paris. he had a wonderful time. A.Above all B.What's more C.As a result D.On the contrary ( )4.(2023·福建)China has been pushing the reform of public hospitals all its citizens. A.in charge of B.for the purpose of C.in honor of