Unit 1 Friendship人际交往（友谊）（单元阅读精练）英语新教材译林版八年级上册

Unit 1 Friendship人际交往（友谊） 单元阅读精练 模块 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 时文阅读 Passage 1 阅读理解 说明文 239 本文介绍了维持长久友谊的六个建议。 Passage 2 阅读理解 说明文 257 本文介绍了科学家划分的三类友谊：愉悦型、功利型、美德型。 实战演练 Passage 1 阅读理解 说明文 222 本文介绍了一项关于初中生友谊观的调查。 Passage 2 阅读理解 记叙文 201 本文讲述了作者与好友Lily因小事争吵后，最终领悟到友谊的真谛。 Passage 3 阅读理解 说明文 281 本文讨论了选择好朋友时应关注的品质，包括理解、诚实、可靠和幽默感。 Passage 4 阅读理解 说明文 220 本文从诚实、慷慨、理解三个方面说明了良好友谊的要素。 Passage 5 完形填空 记叙文 225 本文讲述了作者和好朋友Lily通过真诚沟通化解误会并加深友谊的故事。 Passage 6 完形填空 记叙文 224 本文讲述作者和组员合作完成环保城市模型科学项目的经历。 Passage 1 Having friends is important, but keeping them is even more important. Here are some tips on how to maintain lasting friendships. Show appreciation (感激). Don’t take your friends for granted. Let them know that you value their friendship. A simple “thank you” or a small gift on a special day can make a big difference. Be a good listener. When your friend is talking, give him your full attention. Don’t interrupt (打断) or check your phone. Show that you care about what he is saying by nodding or asking questions. Keep in touch. Life gets busy, but don’t let your friendships fade away. Call, text or meet up regularly. Even a short message can show that you are thinking of them. Be forgiving (宽容的). Everyone makes mistakes. If your friend does something wrong, try to forgive him. Holding a grudge only hurts the friendship. Respect boundaries (界限). Everyone needs personal space and time. Don’t push your friend to share everything or do things he doesn’t want to do. Respect his choices and privacy. Grow together. As you and your friends get older, you may change. Support each other’s growth and celebrate each other’s achievements. This will make your bond even stronger. Remember, friendships are like plants—they need care and attention to grow. With these tips, you can enjoy strong and lasting friendships for years to come. 拥有朋友很重要，但维系友谊更为重要。以下是几条维系长久友谊的建议。 学会表达感激。不要把朋友对你的好视作理所当然。让他们知道你珍视这份情谊。一句简单的“谢谢你”，或是特殊日子里一份小小的礼物，都会带来很大改变。 做一名善于倾听的人。当朋友倾诉时，请全心关注对方。不要随意插话，也不要翻看手机。点头回应或是主动提问，以此表明你在意对方所说的话。 时常保持联系。生活总是忙碌，但别让友谊慢慢变淡。定期打电话、发消息或是约着见面。哪怕只是一条简短的信息，也能证明你惦记着对方。 学会宽容待人。每个人都会犯错。如果朋友做错了事，试着原谅他。心存怨恨只会损害这段友谊。 尊重彼此界限。每个人都需要私人空间与独处时间。不要强迫朋友对你敞开心扉，或是逼迫他做不愿做的事。尊重对方的选择与隐私。 共同成长。你和朋友都会慢慢改变、不断成熟。支持彼此的成长，为对方取得的成就喝彩，这会让你们的羁绊更加牢固。 请记住，友谊如同植物，需要用心呵护、用心照料才能茁壮成长。掌握这些方法，你就能长久拥有稳固又持久的友情。 【长难句分析】 1. 原句：Having friends is important, but keeping them is even more important. 结构解析：本句由but连接两个并列分句；两个分句主语均为动名词短语Having friends、keeping them；even修饰比较级more important，表程度加深。 句意：拥有朋友很重要，但维系友谊更为重要。 2. 原句：A simple “thank you” or a small gift on a special day can make a big difference. 结构解析：主语由or连接两个并列名词短语；on a special day作后置定语修饰gift；固定搭配make a big difference，意为产生重大影响、带来很大改变。 句意：一句简单的“谢谢你”，或是特殊日子里一份小小的礼物，都会带来很大改变。 3. 原句：Remember, friendships are like plants—they need care and attention to grow. 结构解析：主句为祈使句Remember；逗号后是宾语从句；破折号起解释说明作用，引出完整分句；不定式to grow作目的状语。 句意：请记住，友谊如同植物，需要用心呵护、用心照料才能茁壮成长。 【重难词汇梳理】 1. maintain 维系，维持 2. appreciation 感激，欣赏 3. interrupt 打断，打扰 4. fade 逐渐变淡，消逝 5. forgiving 宽容的，大度的 6. grudge 怨恨，积怨 7. boundary 界限，边界 8. privacy 隐私，独处空间 9. bond 羁绊，紧密关系 10. achievement 成就，成绩 Passage 2 Friendship is one of the most beautiful things in the world. But not every friendship is the same. Scientists have found that there are three types of friendships. The first type is “friendship of pleasure”. This kind of friendship is based on fun and enjoyment. You become friends with someone because you enjoy doing the same activities, like playing basketball or watching movies together. However, these friendships may not last long because when the shared activity stops, the friendship may also end. The second type is “friendship of utility (实用)”. This friendship is based on usefulness. For example, you may be friends with a classmate because he can help you with your math homework. Or you may be friends with a neighbor because he can water your plants when you are away. These friendships often end when one person no longer needs the other. The third type is “friendship of virtue (美德)”. This is the highest and rarest type of friendship. It is based on mutual (相互的) respect, trust and care for each other’s character. Friends of this type want the best for each other, not because of what they can get, but because they truly care. These friendships take a long time to build, but they are the strongest and most lasting. According to Aristotle, a famous ancient Greek philosopher, true friendship can only exist between good people who share similar values. Such friends are rare, but when you find one, you have found a treasure. 友谊是世间最美好的事物之一，但并非每一段友谊都完全相同。科学家发现，友谊分为三种类型。 第一种是愉悦型友谊。这类友谊建立在快乐与消遣之上。你和他人成为朋友，是因为你们享受一起做相同的事，比如一同打篮球、看电影。但这类友谊或许难以长久，因为当共同参与的活动停止，这份友谊也可能随之结束。 第二种是功利型友谊。这种友谊以实用价值为基础。举例来说，你和同班同学交好，可能是因为他能帮你辅导数学作业；你和邻居亲近，可能是因为你外出时他能帮忙浇花。一旦其中一方不再需要另一方，这类友谊往往就会终结。 第三种是美德型友谊，这是层次最高、也最为稀少的友谊。它建立在互相尊重、彼此信任，以及欣赏对方品性的基础上。拥有这类友谊的朋友真心希望对方越来越好，不是为了从中索取好处，而是发自内心地在意彼此。这种友谊需要耗费很长时间建立，却是最稳固、最长久的。 古希腊著名哲学家亚里士多德提出，真正的友谊只存在于品行端正、价值观相近的人之间。这样的知己十分难得，可一旦你遇见，便是拥有了一件珍宝。 【长难句分析】 1. 原句：However, these friendships may not last long because when the shared activity stops, the friendship may also end. 译文：但这类友谊或许难以长久，因为当共同参与的活动停止，这份友谊也可能随之结束。 结构分析：复合句，because引导整体原因状语从句；从句内部嵌套when引导的时间状语从句，清晰说明友谊消散的条件。 2. 原句：It is based on mutual respect, trust and care for each other’s character. 译文：它建立在互相尊重、彼此信任，以及欣赏对方品性的基础上。 结构分析：简单句，主干为It is based on…；on后并列三个名词respect、trust、care作宾语，care搭配介词for，修饰对象为each other’s character。 3. 原句：According to Aristotle, a famous ancient Greek philosopher, true friendship can only exist between good people who share similar values. 译文：古希腊著名哲学家亚里士多德提出，真正的友谊只存在于品行端正、价值观相近的人之间。 结构分析：主句主干是true friendship can only exist；a famous ancient Greek philosopher作同位语，补充解释Aristotle；who引导定语从句，修饰先行词good people。 【重难词汇梳理】 1. friendship 友谊 2. enjoyment 乐趣，愉悦 3. utility 实用性，功利 4. mutual 相互的 5. virtue 美德，品行 6. character 品性，性格 7. philosopher 哲学家 8. exist 存在 9. lasting 持久的 Passage 1 A recent survey shows what middle school students think about friendship. Here are the results from 200 students in Grade 8. What is the most important thing in a friend? • 45% of the students think being honest is the most important. They believe lies can break a friendship easily. • 25% say a good friend should be helpful. They hope their friends can give them a hand when they are in trouble. • 20% think a sense of humour is the most important. They like to stay with friends who can make them laugh. • 10% choose other things, like being generous, being hard-working and so on. What do students usually do with their best friends? Most students say they usually do homework and read books together. About half of them like to go to the park or watch movies on weekends. Only a small number of students often play computer games together. What problems do they have with friends? Nearly 60% of the students say they sometimes argue with their friends about small things. About 30% say they feel lonely when their friends play with others. Only 10% say they never have problems with their friends. The survey also shows that students with good friends are happier at school. They have more confidence to face difficulties in study and life. 1．How many students think being honest is the most important thing in a friend? A．20 B．45 C．90 D．100 2．What is the second most important thing that students look for in a friend? A．Being honest B．Being helpful C．A sense of humour D．Being generous 3．Most students usually ________ with their best friends. A．do homework B．go to the park C．watch movies D．play computer games 4．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．All students have problems with their friends. B．30% of students never argue with their friends. C．No students like to play computer games with friends. D．Students with good friends feel happier at school. 5．What is the main idea of the passage? A．How to make good friends at school. B．A survey about middle school students’ ideas on friendship. C．The problems between middle school students and their friends. D．How to keep friendship with classmates. Passage 2 Everyone needs friends, but getting along well is not always easy. I once argued with my best friend Lily over a notebook. She drew on my new notebook without asking, and I shouted at her loudly. We didn’t speak to each other for two weeks. I kept all my feelings as a secret and refused to share anything with her. One day, our teacher told us the story of the Six-chi Lane. Two families argued over their dividing line. One relative wrote a poem and told his family to give way. Finally, they built a six-chi-wide lane and became friendly. The teacher said kindness and agreement bring people closer, and selfishness only makes loneliness. That night, I thought a lot. Lily was always ready to help me when I met problems. The next morning, I said sorry to her. To my surprise, she also said she was wrong. We shared our true feelings and reached an agreement. Now I have already learnt that sharing joy makes joy bigger, and sharing sadness makes sadness smaller. We should respect each other and never argue over tiny things. True friendship needs kindness and understanding. 6．Why did the writer argue with Lily at first? A．Lily lost her notebook. B．Lily drew on the writer’s new notebook. C．They fought over a lane. D．They didn’t share snacks. 7．How long didn’t they talk to each other? A．For seven days. B．For fourteen days. C．For a month. D．For half a year. 8．What story did the teacher tell them? A．The Selfish Giant. B．The Wonderful Wizard of Oz. C．Six-chi Lane. D．A red red rose. 9．What did the writer do the next morning? A．She wrote a poem for Lily. B．She gave Lily a new notebook. C．She said sorry to Lily. D．She told the story to the class. 10．What is the best title for the passage? A．The Story of Six-chi Lane B．My Fight with My Friend C．Shared Joy Is Double Joy D．How to Keep Secrets Passage 3 In choosing a friend, one should be very careful. Sometimes you will meet fair weather friends. They will be with you as long as you have money or luck, but when you are down and out, they will run away. Do you know how I have found a good friend? I look for certain qualities of character, such as understanding, honesty and reliability (可靠). Most important of all, I look for understanding in a friend. A good friend tries to understand how another person is feeling. He puts himself in the other person’s place, and he tries to think of ways to be helpful. He is also a good listener. At the same time, however, a good friend is honest. He does not look for faults in others. He notices their good points. In short, a friend will try to understand me and accept me. Another quality of a friend is reliability. I can always depend on a good friend. If he tells me he will meet me somewhere at a certain time, I can be sure that he will be there. If I need a favour, he will do his best to help me. If I am in trouble, he will do his best to help me. There is a fourth quality that makes a friend special. A special friend is someone with whom we can have fun. A good friend likes the same things I like. We share experience and learn from each other. A good friend has a good sense of humour too. He likes to laugh with me. When I meet someone who is reliable, honest, and understanding, I know I’ve found a friend. 11．What do the underlined words “fair weather friends” in Paragraph 1 mean? A．天气好时认识的朋友 B．能带来好天气的朋友 C．不能患难与共的朋友 D．公平的朋友 12．In the writer’s opinion, which of the following qualities is the most important in choosing a friend? A．Understanding. B．A sense of humour. C．Reliability. D．Honesty. 13．Which of the following is NOT right according to the passage? A．A good friend is also a good listener. B．A good friend must have three qualities. C．If you have some trouble, a good friend will do his or her best to help you. D．Good friends can share experience and learn from each other. 14．This passage mainly discusses ________. A．the qualities of a good friend B．where to choose friends C．how to get along with friends D．the importance of having a friend Passage 4 Friends play an important part in our lives. Teenager Centre did a survey on “What do you think the most important thing about a friendship is?” 360 teenagers took part in the survey. The following is the result. Dr Allen wrote a report about it. Let’s read it together. Honesty is where a good friendship starts. You must tell true feelings to your friends. Keep their secrets to yourself and never break promises, or you may lose your friends. Generosity means sharing, and sharing makes the friendship grow. You don’t have to give your lunch money or your clothes, of course. Instead, you share your ideas and feelings. Understanding can be valuable to a friend. Everyone needs understanding and help with a problem. Talking about the problem can make it easier to solve. You must try to put yourself in your friend’s place, so you can understand the problem better. No two friendships are ever exactly alike. But all true friendships may have some things in common. In fact, good friendships will just not easily last. Many people want others to be their friends, but they don’t give the friendship back. That is one of the reasons why some friendships don’t last very long. Therefore, to keep a lasting friendship, you must give as much as you take. 15．How many teenagers think understanding is the most important between friends in the survey? A．120. B．80. C．110. D．100. 16．According to the text, a good friendship usually begins from ________. A．honesty B．understanding C．generosity D．similarity 17．According to the text, a generous friend always ________. A．keeps your secret B．gives you money C．shares ideas with you D．solves your problems 18．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．Friends don’t need to be similar. B．Giving is important in a friendship. C．A good friend touches your heart. D．You should take as much as possible. 19．The text is written to ________. A．teach teenagers how to make a survey B．teach people how to make new friends C．tell people what makes a good friendship D．help people understand the importance of friends Passage 5 In our history group, Lily was my best friend. We always worked well together. But this time, something felt different. Lily kept using my history notebook with all my personal notes without asking. At first, I didn’t say anything. I was afraid to make her 20 . The third time it happened, she took my favourite pen, too. My heart beat quickly. I tried to 21 my anger. After taking a deep breath, I made a decision to say something. “Lily,” I said gently. “Please ask me 22 you use my things. Or it makes me uncomfortable.” Lily looked surprised. “Oh, sorry. I didn’t notice how you felt, but I didn’t do that 23 . I think we are close friends.” “We are,” I replied, “but I still need my own space. This is about 24 .” Lily listened to my words and thought for a while. “I see. It’s really 25 to use your things without asking. I’m sorry for the 26 I bring you.” This communication was a big 27 . From then on, our friendship became even stronger. She started to 28 first before using my things. I felt more comfortable and safer around her. We learned a lesson. Good friends need to respect each other and express their feelings directly. It doesn’t 29 people away. Instead, it helps people become closer. 20．A．upset B．shocked C．lonely D．relaxed 21．A．attack B．develop C．control D．express 22．A．after B．until C．unless D．before 23．A．on time B．on purpose C．in return D．in person 24．A．respect B．force C．tradition D．curiosity 25．A．imperfect B．impatient C．uncommon D．incorrect 26．A．mistake B．trouble C．honour D．shock 27．A．dream B．risk C．success D．harm 28．A．advise B．check C．chat D．ask 29．A．refuse B．throw C．push D．punish Passage 6 Our class began a science project to build a model of an eco-friendly city last week. My group members—Lily, Tom, and I—all wanted to win, but we had 30 ideas. Tom suggested focusing on solar energy, while Lily preferred having more green space. With only a few days left, I 31 we’d fail. One afternoon, Ms Chen saw us 32 . “Teamwork is like a puzzle,” she said. “Every piece matters.” Her words made us stop fighting. We decided to put our 33 together: Tom designed solar panels (面板), Lily created parts from recycled bottles, and I built cardboard houses. After school, we worked together 34 , sharing glue, scissors, and even our snacks. The biggest 35 was to introduce our design to everyone. Tom was too shy to 36 . Lily and I practised with him every night, saying, “You’ve got this!” On that day, we stood side by side and smiled. When Ms Chen praised our “creative and eco-friendly design”, we felt 37 . “This is our success!” Tom shouted. Our project won first prize, but the real victory was what we learned. Teamwork isn’t just about dividing tasks—it’s about listening, supporting, and 38 each other. As the saying goes, “Many hands make light work.” Our city model may be tiny, but the 39 we built will last forever. 30．A．similar B．crazy C．fantastic D．different 31．A．decided B．worried C．accepted D．discovered 32．A．joking B．playing C．arguing D．recycling 33．A．hobbies B．ideas C．problems D．habits 34．A．sadly B．surely C．happily D．nervously 35．A．task B．dream C．choice D．secret 36．A．speak B．leave C．watch D．win 37．A．proud B．bored C．sleepy D．afraid 38．A．caring about B．laughing at C．depending on D．looking for 39．A．house B．park C．friendship D．model 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 Friendship人际交往（友谊） 单元阅读精练 模块 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 时文阅读 Passage 1 阅读理解 说明文 239 本文介绍了维持长久友谊的六个建议。 Passage 2 阅读理解 说明文 257 本文介绍了科学家划分的三类友谊：愉悦型、功利型、美德型。 实战演练 Passage 1 阅读理解 说明文 222 本文介绍了一项关于初中生友谊观的调查。 Passage 2 阅读理解 记叙文 201 本文讲述了作者与好友Lily因小事争吵后，最终领悟到友谊的真谛。 Passage 3 阅读理解 说明文 281 本文讨论了选择好朋友时应关注的品质，包括理解、诚实、可靠和幽默感。 Passage 4 阅读理解 说明文 220 本文从诚实、慷慨、理解三个方面说明了良好友谊的要素。 Passage 5 完形填空 记叙文 225 本文讲述了作者和好朋友Lily通过真诚沟通化解误会并加深友谊的故事。 Passage 6 完形填空 记叙文 224 本文讲述作者和组员合作完成环保城市模型科学项目的经历。 Passage 1 Having friends is important, but keeping them is even more important. Here are some tips on how to maintain lasting friendships. Show appreciation (感激). Don’t take your friends for granted. Let them know that you value their friendship. A simple “thank you” or a small gift on a special day can make a big difference. Be a good listener. When your friend is talking, give him your full attention. Don’t interrupt (打断) or check your phone. Show that you care about what he is saying by nodding or asking questions. Keep in touch. Life gets busy, but don’t let your friendships fade away. Call, text or meet up regularly. Even a short message can show that you are thinking of them. Be forgiving (宽容的). Everyone makes mistakes. If your friend does something wrong, try to forgive him. Holding a grudge only hurts the friendship. Respect boundaries (界限). Everyone needs personal space and time. Don’t push your friend to share everything or do things he doesn’t want to do. Respect his choices and privacy. Grow together. As you and your friends get older, you may change. Support each other’s growth and celebrate each other’s achievements. This will make your bond even stronger. Remember, friendships are like plants—they need care and attention to grow. With these tips, you can enjoy strong and lasting friendships for years to come. 拥有朋友很重要，但维系友谊更为重要。以下是几条维系长久友谊的建议。 学会表达感激。不要把朋友对你的好视作理所当然。让他们知道你珍视这份情谊。一句简单的“谢谢你”，或是特殊日子里一份小小的礼物，都会带来很大改变。 做一名善于倾听的人。当朋友倾诉时，请全心关注对方。不要随意插话，也不要翻看手机。点头回应或是主动提问，以此表明你在意对方所说的话。 时常保持联系。生活总是忙碌，但别让友谊慢慢变淡。定期打电话、发消息或是约着见面。哪怕只是一条简短的信息，也能证明你惦记着对方。 学会宽容待人。每个人都会犯错。如果朋友做错了事，试着原谅他。心存怨恨只会损害这段友谊。 尊重彼此界限。每个人都需要私人空间与独处时间。不要强迫朋友对你敞开心扉，或是逼迫他做不愿做的事。尊重对方的选择与隐私。 共同成长。你和朋友都会慢慢改变、不断成熟。支持彼此的成长，为对方取得的成就喝彩，这会让你们的羁绊更加牢固。 请记住，友谊如同植物，需要用心呵护、用心照料才能茁壮成长。掌握这些方法，你就能长久拥有稳固又持久的友情。 【长难句分析】 1. 原句：Having friends is important, but keeping them is even more important. 结构解析：本句由but连接两个并列分句；两个分句主语均为动名词短语Having friends、keeping them；even修饰比较级more important，表程度加深。 句意：拥有朋友很重要，但维系友谊更为重要。 2. 原句：A simple “thank you” or a small gift on a special day can make a big difference. 结构解析：主语由or连接两个并列名词短语；on a special day作后置定语修饰gift；固定搭配make a big difference，意为产生重大影响、带来很大改变。 句意：一句简单的“谢谢你”，或是特殊日子里一份小小的礼物，都会带来很大改变。 3. 原句：Remember, friendships are like plants—they need care and attention to grow. 结构解析：主句为祈使句Remember；逗号后是宾语从句；破折号起解释说明作用，引出完整分句；不定式to grow作目的状语。 句意：请记住，友谊如同植物，需要用心呵护、用心照料才能茁壮成长。 【重难词汇梳理】 1. maintain 维系，维持 2. appreciation 感激，欣赏 3. interrupt 打断，打扰 4. fade 逐渐变淡，消逝 5. forgiving 宽容的，大度的 6. grudge 怨恨，积怨 7. boundary 界限，边界 8. privacy 隐私，独处空间 9. bond 羁绊，紧密关系 10. achievement 成就，成绩 Passage 2 Friendship is one of the most beautiful things in the world. But not every friendship is the same. Scientists have found that there are three types of friendships. The first type is “friendship of pleasure”. This kind of friendship is based on fun and enjoyment. You become friends with someone because you enjoy doing the same activities, like playing basketball or watching movies together. However, these friendships may not last long because when the shared activity stops, the friendship may also end. The second type is “friendship of utility (实用)”. This friendship is based on usefulness. For example, you may be friends with a classmate because he can help you with your math homework. Or you may be friends with a neighbor because he can water your plants when you are away. These friendships often end when one person no longer needs the other. The third type is “friendship of virtue (美德)”. This is the highest and rarest type of friendship. It is based on mutual (相互的) respect, trust and care for each other’s character. Friends of this type want the best for each other, not because of what they can get, but because they truly care. These friendships take a long time to build, but they are the strongest and most lasting. According to Aristotle, a famous ancient Greek philosopher, true friendship can only exist between good people who share similar values. Such friends are rare, but when you find one, you have found a treasure. 友谊是世间最美好的事物之一，但并非每一段友谊都完全相同。科学家发现，友谊分为三种类型。 第一种是愉悦型友谊。这类友谊建立在快乐与消遣之上。你和他人成为朋友，是因为你们享受一起做相同的事，比如一同打篮球、看电影。但这类友谊或许难以长久，因为当共同参与的活动停止，这份友谊也可能随之结束。 第二种是功利型友谊。这种友谊以实用价值为基础。举例来说，你和同班同学交好，可能是因为他能帮你辅导数学作业；你和邻居亲近，可能是因为你外出时他能帮忙浇花。一旦其中一方不再需要另一方，这类友谊往往就会终结。 第三种是美德型友谊，这是层次最高、也最为稀少的友谊。它建立在互相尊重、彼此信任，以及欣赏对方品性的基础上。拥有这类友谊的朋友真心希望对方越来越好，不是为了从中索取好处，而是发自内心地在意彼此。这种友谊需要耗费很长时间建立，却是最稳固、最长久的。 古希腊著名哲学家亚里士多德提出，真正的友谊只存在于品行端正、价值观相近的人之间。这样的知己十分难得，可一旦你遇见，便是拥有了一件珍宝。 【长难句分析】 1. 原句：However, these friendships may not last long because when the shared activity stops, the friendship may also end. 译文：但这类友谊或许难以长久，因为当共同参与的活动停止，这份友谊也可能随之结束。 结构分析：复合句，because引导整体原因状语从句；从句内部嵌套when引导的时间状语从句，清晰说明友谊消散的条件。 2. 原句：It is based on mutual respect, trust and care for each other’s character. 译文：它建立在互相尊重、彼此信任，以及欣赏对方品性的基础上。 结构分析：简单句，主干为It is based on…；on后并列三个名词respect、trust、care作宾语，care搭配介词for，修饰对象为each other’s character。 3. 原句：According to Aristotle, a famous ancient Greek philosopher, true friendship can only exist between good people who share similar values. 译文：古希腊著名哲学家亚里士多德提出，真正的友谊只存在于品行端正、价值观相近的人之间。 结构分析：主句主干是true friendship can only exist；a famous ancient Greek philosopher作同位语，补充解释Aristotle；who引导定语从句，修饰先行词good people。 【重难词汇梳理】 1. friendship 友谊 2. enjoyment 乐趣，愉悦 3. utility 实用性，功利 4. mutual 相互的 5. virtue 美德，品行 6. character 品性，性格 7. philosopher 哲学家 8. exist 存在 9. lasting 持久的 Passage 1 A recent survey shows what middle school students think about friendship. Here are the results from 200 students in Grade 8. What is the most important thing in a friend? • 45% of the students think being honest is the most important. They believe lies can break a friendship easily. • 25% say a good friend should be helpful. They hope their friends can give them a hand when they are in trouble. • 20% think a sense of humour is the most important. They like to stay with friends who can make them laugh. • 10% choose other things, like being generous, being hard-working and so on. What do students usually do with their best friends? Most students say they usually do homework and read books together. About half of them like to go to the park or watch movies on weekends. Only a small number of students often play computer games together. What problems do they have with friends? Nearly 60% of the students say they sometimes argue with their friends about small things. About 30% say they feel lonely when their friends play with others. Only 10% say they never have problems with their friends. The survey also shows that students with good friends are happier at school. They have more confidence to face difficulties in study and life. 1．How many students think being honest is the most important thing in a friend? A．20 B．45 C．90 D．100 2．What is the second most important thing that students look for in a friend? A．Being honest B．Being helpful C．A sense of humour D．Being generous 3．Most students usually ________ with their best friends. A．do homework B．go to the park C．watch movies D．play computer games 4．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．All students have problems with their friends. B．30% of students never argue with their friends. C．No students like to play computer games with friends. D．Students with good friends feel happier at school. 5．What is the main idea of the passage? A．How to make good friends at school. B．A survey about middle school students’ ideas on friendship. C．The problems between middle school students and their friends. D．How to keep friendship with classmates. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D 5．B 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一项关于初中生友谊观的调查，涵盖了学生对朋友品质的看法、与朋友的日常活动以及相处中遇到的问题。 1．根据第一段“Here are the results from 200 students in Grade 8.”以及第二段“45% of the students think being honest is the most important.”可知，总人数为200人，占比45%。计算可得90人。 2．根据文中列出的数据比例：Being honest占45%，Being helpful占25%，A sense of humour占20%，问的是“第二重要”的品质，即占比第二高的选项。25%排在第二位，对应的品质是“Being helpful”。 3．根据文章中间部分“What do students usually do with their best friends?”下的第一句“Most students say they usually do homework and read books together.”可知，大多数学生通常做的事情是做作业。 4．根据文章最后一段“The survey also shows that students with good friends are happier at school.”可知，调查还表明，有好朋友的学生在学校更快乐。 5．通读全文，文章开头第一句“A recent survey shows what middle school students think about friendship.”即点明了主题。随后文章分别从“最重要的品质”、“通常做什么”、“有什么问题”三个方面展示了调查结果。因此，文章的主旨是关于中学生友谊观念的调查报告。 Passage 2 Everyone needs friends, but getting along well is not always easy. I once argued with my best friend Lily over a notebook. She drew on my new notebook without asking, and I shouted at her loudly. We didn’t speak to each other for two weeks. I kept all my feelings as a secret and refused to share anything with her. One day, our teacher told us the story of the Six-chi Lane. Two families argued over their dividing line. One relative wrote a poem and told his family to give way. Finally, they built a six-chi-wide lane and became friendly. The teacher said kindness and agreement bring people closer, and selfishness only makes loneliness. That night, I thought a lot. Lily was always ready to help me when I met problems. The next morning, I said sorry to her. To my surprise, she also said she was wrong. We shared our true feelings and reached an agreement. Now I have already learnt that sharing joy makes joy bigger, and sharing sadness makes sadness smaller. We should respect each other and never argue over tiny things. True friendship needs kindness and understanding. 6．Why did the writer argue with Lily at first? A．Lily lost her notebook. B．Lily drew on the writer’s new notebook. C．They fought over a lane. D．They didn’t share snacks. 7．How long didn’t they talk to each other? A．For seven days. B．For fourteen days. C．For a month. D．For half a year. 8．What story did the teacher tell them? A．The Selfish Giant. B．The Wonderful Wizard of Oz. C．Six-chi Lane. D．A red red rose. 9．What did the writer do the next morning? A．She wrote a poem for Lily. B．She gave Lily a new notebook. C．She said sorry to Lily. D．She told the story to the class. 10．What is the best title for the passage? A．The Story of Six-chi Lane B．My Fight with My Friend C．Shared Joy Is Double Joy D．How to Keep Secrets 【答案】6．B 7．B 8．C 9．C 10．C 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者与好友Lily因小事争吵后，在老师讲的“六尺巷”故事启发下主动道歉和解，最终领悟到分享与尊重是友谊真谛的经历。 6．第一段提到“She drew on my new notebook without asking, and I shouted at her loudly.”，因此争吵的原因是Lily在作者的新笔记本上画画。 7．第一段明确说“We didn’t speak to each other for two weeks.”，两周即14天。 8．由第二段“One day, our teacher told us the story of the Six-chi Lane.”可知，老师给她们讲了“六尺巷”的故事。 9．由第三段“The next morning, I said sorry to her.”可知，第二天早上作者向Lily道了歉。 10．文章最后一段点明主题“sharing joy makes joy bigger, and sharing sadness makes sadness smaller”，与标题“Shared Joy Is Double Joy”一致。 Passage 3 In choosing a friend, one should be very careful. Sometimes you will meet fair weather friends. They will be with you as long as you have money or luck, but when you are down and out, they will run away. Do you know how I have found a good friend? I look for certain qualities of character, such as understanding, honesty and reliability (可靠). Most important of all, I look for understanding in a friend. A good friend tries to understand how another person is feeling. He puts himself in the other person’s place, and he tries to think of ways to be helpful. He is also a good listener. At the same time, however, a good friend is honest. He does not look for faults in others. He notices their good points. In short, a friend will try to understand me and accept me. Another quality of a friend is reliability. I can always depend on a good friend. If he tells me he will meet me somewhere at a certain time, I can be sure that he will be there. If I need a favour, he will do his best to help me. If I am in trouble, he will do his best to help me. There is a fourth quality that makes a friend special. A special friend is someone with whom we can have fun. A good friend likes the same things I like. We share experience and learn from each other. A good friend has a good sense of humour too. He likes to laugh with me. When I meet someone who is reliable, honest, and understanding, I know I’ve found a friend. 11．What do the underlined words “fair weather friends” in Paragraph 1 mean? A．天气好时认识的朋友 B．能带来好天气的朋友 C．不能患难与共的朋友 D．公平的朋友 12．In the writer’s opinion, which of the following qualities is the most important in choosing a friend? A．Understanding. B．A sense of humour. C．Reliability. D．Honesty. 13．Which of the following is NOT right according to the passage? A．A good friend is also a good listener. B．A good friend must have three qualities. C．If you have some trouble, a good friend will do his or her best to help you. D．Good friends can share experience and learn from each other. 14．This passage mainly discusses ________. A．the qualities of a good friend B．where to choose friends C．how to get along with friends D．the importance of having a friend 【答案】11．C 12．A 13．B 14．A 【解析】本文讨论了选择好朋友时应关注的品质，包括理解、诚实、可靠和幽默感。 11．第一段中“fair weather friends”所在句为：“Sometimes you will meet fair weather friends.”，结合下文“They will be with you as long as you have money or luck, but when you are down and out, they will run away.”，说明这类朋友只在顺境时陪伴，因此意为“不能患难与共的朋友”。 12．第二段开头指出：“Most important of all, I look for understanding in a friend.”，说明作者认为理解最重要。 13．文中第二段提到理解（understanding）和诚实（honest/honesty），第三段提到可靠（reliability），第四段提到幽默感（a good sense of humour），共四个品质，因此B项“三个品质”错误。 14．全文围绕好朋友应具备的品质展开，第一段引出话题，第二至四段分别介绍不同品质，最后总结，因此主要讨论“好朋友的品质”。 Passage 4 Friends play an important part in our lives. Teenager Centre did a survey on “What do you think the most important thing about a friendship is?” 360 teenagers took part in the survey. The following is the result. Dr Allen wrote a report about it. Let’s read it together. Honesty is where a good friendship starts. You must tell true feelings to your friends. Keep their secrets to yourself and never break promises, or you may lose your friends. Generosity means sharing, and sharing makes the friendship grow. You don’t have to give your lunch money or your clothes, of course. Instead, you share your ideas and feelings. Understanding can be valuable to a friend. Everyone needs understanding and help with a problem. Talking about the problem can make it easier to solve. You must try to put yourself in your friend’s place, so you can understand the problem better. No two friendships are ever exactly alike. But all true friendships may have some things in common. In fact, good friendships will just not easily last. Many people want others to be their friends, but they don’t give the friendship back. That is one of the reasons why some friendships don’t last very long. Therefore, to keep a lasting friendship, you must give as much as you take. 15．How many teenagers think understanding is the most important between friends in the survey? A．120. B．80. C．110. D．100. 16．According to the text, a good friendship usually begins from ________. A．honesty B．understanding C．generosity D．similarity 17．According to the text, a generous friend always ________. A．keeps your secret B．gives you money C．shares ideas with you D．solves your problems 18．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．Friends don’t need to be similar. B．Giving is important in a friendship. C．A good friend touches your heart. D．You should take as much as possible. 19．The text is written to ________. A．teach teenagers how to make a survey B．teach people how to make new friends C．tell people what makes a good friendship D．help people understand the importance of friends 【答案】15．D 16．A 17．C 18．B 19．C 【解析】本文通过调查和报告，从诚实、慷慨、理解三个方面说明了良好友谊的要素，并强调付出与索取平衡的重要性。 15．柱状图里Understanding（理解） 对应纵坐标数值为100，因此选D。 16．原文第二段“Honesty is where a good friendship starts.（诚实是良好友谊的起点）”直接说明诚实是友谊的起点。 17．原文第三段“Generosity means sharing...you share your ideas and feelings.”指出，慷慨的朋友会“分享想法和感受”。 18．原文最后一句“to keep a lasting friendship, you must give as much as you take.” 指出，要维持长久的友谊，你必须付出和索取一样多”，强调“给予”的重要性。 19．文章以青少年调查引入，依次讲解诚实、慷慨、理解是优质友谊的三大核心品质，最后点明长久友谊需要对等付出。C项“tell people what makes a good friendship”，精准概括全文写作意图。 Passage 5 In our history group, Lily was my best friend. We always worked well together. But this time, something felt different. Lily kept using my history notebook with all my personal notes without asking. At first, I didn’t say anything. I was afraid to make her 20 . The third time it happened, she took my favourite pen, too. My heart beat quickly. I tried to 21 my anger. After taking a deep breath, I made a decision to say something. “Lily,” I said gently. “Please ask me 22 you use my things. Or it makes me uncomfortable.” Lily looked surprised. “Oh, sorry. I didn’t notice how you felt, but I didn’t do that 23 . I think we are close friends.” “We are,” I replied, “but I still need my own space. This is about 24 .” Lily listened to my words and thought for a while. “I see. It’s really 25 to use your things without asking. I’m sorry for the 26 I bring you.” This communication was a big 27 . From then on, our friendship became even stronger. She started to 28 first before using my things. I felt more comfortable and safer around her. We learned a lesson. Good friends need to respect each other and express their feelings directly. It doesn’t 29 people away. Instead, it helps people become closer. 20．A．upset B．shocked C．lonely D．relaxed 21．A．attack B．develop C．control D．express 22．A．after B．until C．unless D．before 23．A．on time B．on purpose C．in return D．in person 24．A．respect B．force C．tradition D．curiosity 25．A．imperfect B．impatient C．uncommon D．incorrect 26．A．mistake B．trouble C．honour D．shock 27．A．dream B．risk C．success D．harm 28．A．advise B．check C．chat D．ask 29．A．refuse B．throw C．push D．punish 【答案】20．A 21．C 22．D 23．B 24．A 25．D 26．B 27．C 28．D 29．C 【解析】本文主要讲述了作者和好朋友Lily之间因为借用物品未打招呼而产生矛盾，最后通过真诚沟通化解误会并加深友谊的故事，告诉我们好朋友之间也需要相互尊重和直接表达感受。 20．句意：我怕惹她不开心。 面对朋友未经允许连续使用自己物品的行为，作者最初保持沉默是因为顾及朋友感受，害怕指出来会破坏关系让她不高兴。故选用upset表示“心烦的/难过的”。 21．句意：我努力克制自己的怒火。 后文作者深呼吸并在开口时保持了温和，说明作者在努力压制、控制自己的怒火。故选用control表示“控制”。 22．句意：“你在用我的东西之前请先问我一声，不然我会觉得很不舒服。” 作者的困扰在于Lily使用前不打招呼。因此作者设定了边界，明确提出希望Lily在使用自己的物品“之前”先询问。故选用before表示“在……之前”。 23．句意：“噢，对不起。我没留意你的感受，但我并不是故意这么做的。” Lily是因为觉得两人关系亲密才忽略了边界感，并非有意要冒犯或惹恼作者。固定搭配“on purpose”意为“故意”。 24．句意：这件事关乎相互尊重。 作者认为即使是亲密朋友，也需要保持个人空间，在使用对方物品前征求同意是相互尊重的一种基本体现。故选用respect表示“尊重”。 25．句意：不打招呼就动用你的东西确实很不妥。 Lily经过思考后认识到了自己的问题，承认未经允许使用他人物品是不正确的行为。故选用incorrect表示“不正确的”。 26．句意：很抱歉给你添了这么多麻烦。 根据前文Lily的行为让作者感到“不舒服”和愤怒可知，Lily意识到自己的做法给作者造成了困扰。表示“给某人带来麻烦/困扰”，常用固定搭配“bring trouble to sb.”或“bring sb. trouble”。故选用trouble表示“麻烦”。 27．句意：这次沟通取得了很好的效果。 这次坦诚的交流不仅化解了矛盾，还让两人的友谊变得更加坚固，这充分说明交流的效果非常好，取得了巨大的成功。故选用success表示“成功”。 28．句意：她在用我的物品前都会先询问我。 Lily改变了自己的行为，开始按照作者期望的那样，在使用物品前先开口询问。故选用ask表示“询问”。 29．句意：坦诚沟通并不会疏远彼此。 直接表达感受并不会把人推开（push away），反而会让关系更亲密。push away是固定短语，意为“推开，疏远”，与后文的“become closer（变得更亲密）”形成鲜明的反义对比。 Passage 6 Our class began a science project to build a model of an eco-friendly city last week. My group members—Lily, Tom, and I—all wanted to win, but we had 30 ideas. Tom suggested focusing on solar energy, while Lily preferred having more green space. With only a few days left, I 31 we’d fail. One afternoon, Ms Chen saw us 32 . “Teamwork is like a puzzle,” she said. “Every piece matters.” Her words made us stop fighting. We decided to put our 33 together: Tom designed solar panels (面板), Lily created parts from recycled bottles, and I built cardboard houses. After school, we worked together 34 , sharing glue, scissors, and even our snacks. The biggest 35 was to introduce our design to everyone. Tom was too shy to 36 . Lily and I practised with him every night, saying, “You’ve got this!” On that day, we stood side by side and smiled. When Ms Chen praised our “creative and eco-friendly design”, we felt 37 . “This is our success!” Tom shouted. Our project won first prize, but the real victory was what we learned. Teamwork isn’t just about dividing tasks—it’s about listening, supporting, and 38 each other. As the saying goes, “Many hands make light work.” Our city model may be tiny, but the 39 we built will last forever. 30．A．similar B．crazy C．fantastic D．different 31．A．decided B．worried C．accepted D．discovered 32．A．joking B．playing C．arguing D．recycling 33．A．hobbies B．ideas C．problems D．habits 34．A．sadly B．surely C．happily D．nervously 35．A．task B．dream C．choice D．secret 36．A．speak B．leave C．watch D．win 37．A．proud B．bored C．sleepy D．afraid 38．A．caring about B．laughing at C．depending on D．looking for 39．A．house B．park C．friendship D．model 【答案】30．D 31．B 32．C 33．B 34．C 35．A 36．A 37．A 38．A 39．C 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述作者和组员合作完成环保城市模型科学项目的经历，从意见分歧、争吵到团结协作，克服困难，最终赢得比赛并领悟团队合作的意义。 30．句意：我的组员Lily, Tom和我都想赢得比赛，但我们有着截然不同的想法。 后文直接给出“Tom suggested focusing on solar energy, while Lily preferred having more green space”，while表对比转折，说明两人的方案偏向完全不一样，能看出三人想法各不相同。其他选项不符合情景。 31．句意：只剩下几天时间，我担心我们会失败。 前文交代大家想法不合、时间紧迫，在双重压力下内心会产生焦虑情绪。worried意为“担忧、担心”，贴合“想法不一致、时间不够，害怕项目做不好”的心理。其他选项无法体现焦虑心理。 32．句意：一天下午，陈老师看到我们在争吵。 前文提到想法不同且“we’d fail”的担忧，以及后文陈老师说“Teamwork is like a puzzle...Every piece matters.”并且“Her words made us stop fighting.”，可见当时三人正在争执。arguing意为“争吵”，直接对应fighting，其他选项与上下文矛盾。 33．句意：我们决定把各自的想法合在一起。 前文三人各有自己的方案（太阳能、绿地、纸板房），陈老师的话让他们停止争吵，转而“put our ideas together”，即融合不同的构思。ideas意为“想法”，与前文“had different ideas”呼应。其他选项均不能承接分工合作的内容 34．句意：放学后，我们开心地一起合作，分享胶水、剪刀甚至零食。 在达成共识后，团队气氛转为积极，他们“shared glue, scissors, and even our snacks”，这些友好行为体现愉悦的心情。happily意为“开心地”，符合合作愉快的情感。 35．句意：最大的任务是把我们的设计介绍给所有人。 后文提到Tom太害羞、需要练习，说明“向众人介绍”是需要完成的重要工作。task意为“任务”，符合科学项目中的具体环节。 36．句意：Tom太害羞，不敢发言。 介绍设计需要口头表达，Tom的害羞导致他不敢开口说话。speak意为“说”，直接对应演讲行为。其他选项均不涉及语言表达。 37．句意：当陈老师称赞我们有创意又环保的设计时，我们感到自豪。 proud意为“骄傲的、自豪的”，呼应前文“smiled”和Tom的欢呼“This is our success!”。其他选项均不符合获奖时的情感。 38．句意：团队合作不只是分工——而是倾听、支持，以及关心彼此。 与“listening, supporting”并列且指向彼此的积极行为，应为关心对方。caring about意为“关心”，符合团队精神。其他选项均与正面互助的语境相悖。 39．句意：我们的城市模型可能很小，但我们建立的友谊将永远持续。 最后总结“the real victory was what we learned”，强调情感纽带；前文提到分享零食、互相支持，说明建立了友谊。friendship意为“友谊”，与“last forever”的抽象意义一致。 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $