外刊英语阅读汇编-2027届高三英语二轮阅读理解专项练习（十五）

**基本信息** 外刊选材覆盖应用文、健康科普等体裁，按题型分类提炼解题方法，构建“体裁-题型-策略”逻辑体系，提升语言理解与思维分析能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |应用文（A）|3题|细节定位法、信息比对法|从活动安排/要求文本特征到快速定位关键信息| |健康科普（B）|4题|主线归纳法、因果分析法|从个人案例到健康生活理念的逻辑推导| |自然科普（C）|4题|词义语境法、实验结论法|从高温影响认知的科学原理到结论应用| |心理议论文（D）|4题|论点定位法、例证关联法|从情绪逃避现象到解决策略的论证逻辑|

2026-2027 外刊英语阅读汇编 高三英语二轮阅读理解专项练习（十五） A 应用文 + B 健康科普 + C 自然科普 + D 心理议论文 Passage A （人与社会・校园志愿活动）｜难度★★☆☆☆ School Community Volunteer Recruitment Notice To enrich students’ after-school experience and cultivate their sense of social responsibility, our school’s Student Union is launching a new round of community volunteer activities this summer vacation. All Grade 11 and Grade 12 students who are available during the holiday are welcome to sign up. Activity Arrangements 1.Elderly Community Accompaniment (July 10 – July 18) Volunteers will pay regular visits to empty-nest elderly people in the nearby community. The main tasks include accompanying the elderly to chat, helping clean their houses, reading newspapers for them, and teaching them basic smart phone skills such as video calls and online payment. Each volunteer needs to take part in at least three service sessions. 2.Community Environmental Protection (July 20 – July 28) This activity focuses on neighborhood environmental improvement. Volunteers will pick up garbage, classify waste, post environmental protection posters, and publicize low-carbon living knowledge to residents. The school will provide gloves, garbage bags and uniform volunteer vests for all participants. 3.Children’s Library Assistance (August 1 – August 10) Volunteers will assist the community public library in sorting books, organizing reading corners, maintaining on-site order, and guiding children to develop good reading habits. Simple story-sharing and reading guidance tasks are also included. Registration Requirements First, applicants must have sincere enthusiasm for public welfare activities and be patient and responsible. Second, participants must guarantee complete attendance and follow the unified arrangement of activity instructors. Third, students with rich social practice experience will be given priority. Registration Method Students who intend to participate should fill in the volunteer application form and hand it to their head teachers before July 5. The final list of volunteers will be announced on the school official bulletin board on July 7. All qualified participants will receive official social practice certificates, which can serve as valuable experience for their personal growth and future application. Questions 1.What is the main duty of volunteers in the elderly community activity? A. Teaching the elderly to use smart phones B. Helping the elderly apply for social welfare C. Accompanying and serving empty-nest seniors D. Organizing birthday celebrations for the elderly 2.What can volunteers get from the school after the activity? A. Extra academic scores B. Social practice certificates C. Free summer training courses D. Priority of school admission 3.What can we learn from the passage? A. Students must join all three volunteer projects. B. Experienced volunteers are preferred during selection. C. The activity list will be posted on July 5. D. Participants need to prepare vests and tools by themselves. Passage B 人与自我・健康生活｜难度★★★☆☆ Young Adults’ Low-sugar Lifestyle Trend When Zhang Huchuan's friend spotted a small device on her arm during a trip to Shanxi province, he assumed she had diabetes. But what she revealed next suggests a trend among young adults adopting a low-sugar lifestyle. Zhang, a 30-year-old freelancer from Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, said her journey began about eight years ago when she was working as a medical science editor. It was during this time that she first encountered the concept of sugar control. “I was curious about why people needed to cut sugar. As I delved deeper, I discovered many negative effects of excessive sugar, which prompted me to start a low-sugar lifestyle. “I wore a continuous glucose monitor a couple of times to understand my blood sugar fluctuations. As a former medical science editor, I understand that reducing sugar is a small investment with significant returns, so it didn't require a major decision to start. “For those without diabetes, there's no need to wear such a monitor all the time. It just adds unnecessary anxiety,” she said. A continuous glucose monitor is a device that continuously tracks blood sugar levels. Unlike traditional glucose meters that measure capillary blood sugar at a single point in time, this meter reads blood sugar levels every three or five minutes. “During the Shanxi trip, I discovered that while the noodles are delicious, they cause a significant spike in blood sugar. After a meal of handmade noodles and millet cakes, I felt sleepy. I strongly recommend restaurants add more vegetables to meals in regions that rely heavily on noodles,” Zhang added. Her typical daily menu is pretty much the same as ordinary meals. For breakfast, she has small wontons with a poached egg and milk. Lunch and dinner usually consist of two meat dishes, two vegetable dishes, and rice. “The main difference is that I now eat my rice after the vegetables and meat to better control blood sugar fluctuations. I've also cut back on sugary drinks and replaced them with light tea,” she said. Despite her efforts to reduce sugar, she does not deny herself the occasional treat. “If I really want to eat something delicious, I do. The goal of controlling sugar is to live a better life, so there's no need to be so strict that I eliminate sugar entirely,” she said. The results of her low-sugar lifestyle have been rewarding. “After years of living healthily, my annual physical exams are always satisfactory. At 30, my physical condition is comparable to when I was in my twenties,” she proudly shared. In a rapidly evolving health-conscious society, young adults are increasingly prioritizing dietary changes to enhance their well-being and combat aging. This trend is motivated by concerns ranging from insulin resistance and skin health to overall vitality. These people are redefining their eating habits, setting new standards for a balanced and youthful lifestyle. Questions 1.What does Zhang think of wearing a continuous glucose monitor all the time for healthy people? A. It is necessary to track blood sugar changes. B. It helps form a good eating habit quickly. C. It may bring unnecessary worry to people. D. It can greatly improve physical condition. 2.Why did Zhang begin her low-sugar lifestyle? A. Her friend reminded her of diabetes risks. B. She learned bad influences of too much sugar. C. The monitor showed her unstable blood sugar. D. Shanxi noodles made her uncomfortable after meals. 3.What method does Zhang use to control blood sugar in daily meals? A. She stops eating rice and all carbohydrate food. B. She drinks plenty of sweet tea instead of plain water. C. She eats vegetables and meat before rice. D. She refuses all tasty snacks and desserts. 4.What is the main idea of the text? A. A young woman shares her practical low-sugar lifestyle experience. B. How continuous glucose monitors work for diabetes patients. C. Popular tasty local food in Shanxi affects people’s blood sugar. D. More young people suffer from high blood sugar nowadays. Passage C 自然科普・气候与健康｜难度★★★☆☆ Heat Might Cloud Your Brain Heat waves are becoming more common, with severe health consequences ranging from cardiovascular, respiratory, and renal difficulties to death due to extreme heat exposure or heat stroke. But even setting aside those direct risks, heat has severe indirect consequences. A large number of studies have shown that high temperatures impair cognitive functions, which in turn leads to poor decisions. The reasons why high temperatures cloud your brain are probably related to changes in brain blood flow. When air temperature is too high, your body attempts to protect you by diverting blood and energy to cool you down, a process called thermoregulation. Unfortunately, this alters blood flow to the brain, and although the exact mechanisms are not yet fully understood, the consequences are not good. Heat also causes fatigue and sleep impairments, which compound the cognitive toll. Cedeño Laurent and coauthors (2018) conducted a study on university students' cognitive functions during the 2016 heat wave in Boston, MA. Over 12 days in July, students completed two tests daily. One was a numerical task requiring addition or subtraction of two-digit numbers. The other was the Stroop task, a classic in cognitive psychology that measures the ability to inhibit impulses and direct attention. What made the study particularly interesting is that some students lived in buildings with air conditioning (AC), while others did not. The AC group experienced temperatures in the 17–25°C range, averaging 21°C (70 °F). The non-AC group endured temperatures in the 20–30°C range, averaging 26°C (79 °F). That difference was enough: students in the non-AC group gave fewer correct responses per minute on the numerical task and were slower on the Stroop task. Studies like this one have limitations, including small and specific samples (38 university students, in this case). But they have been accumulating over the years. Laboratory studies, in which people are randomly assigned to different ambient temperatures, have consistently found that those exposed to higher temperatures display impaired memory, reduced attention, and lower performance in executive functions, including problem-solving, understanding complex tasks, and decision-making. So, yes: heat might quite literally make you dumber. We are also beginning to accumulate data from large panel studies. Yin and coauthors (2024) used data from the China Family Panel Study, tracking over 53,000 participants across eight years. The researchers examined the relationship between high-temperature exposure, defined as the proportion of time above 32°C (90°F), and cognitive test scores (verbal and mathematical) collected as part of the panel. The results show that both exposure to extreme temperatures and sustained, long-term exposure are associated with cognitive decline. On average, in the data, a 10% increase in the number of days with peak temperatures above 32°C was associated with a 2% drop in cognitive capacity. That might not sound like much. But how many additional high-temperature days will we face in the near future? 10% more, or 40% more? Under standard climate-change scenarios, the study of Yin et al. concluded that average cognitive function in humans might decrease between 5 and 7% by 2100. That is a sobering prospect. The effects are also uneven: they are worse for the elderly, for people with high body-mass index, and for males compared to females. And the long-term averages do not capture everything. In the data of Yin et al., a high proportion of extreme-temperature hours in the days before a test was already associated with declined cognition, meaning that a single heat wave may leave your brain clouded for some time afterward. As climate change makes heat waves and high-temperature days increasingly common, you should be wary of when and how you make decisions. Avoid important decisions on high-temperature days when you can. Delay big-ticket purchases on hot days unless they are necessary cooling devices. For consequential choices, give yourself time, avoid trusting your first instinct, check your reasoning carefully and seek outside advice. If you have to decide on hot days, cool down your body and mind first. Questions 1.The phrase “cloud your brain” most probably means _____. A. make one’s thinking confused and inefficient B. cover the human brain with steam and fog C. cause serious fatigue and sleep disorders D. change the flow of blood inside the brain 2.The study conducted by Cedeño Laurent in 2018 is mentioned to prove that _____. A. university students are more sensitive to hot environments B. Stroop task can precisely test people’s self-control ability C. higher indoor temperature weakens human cognitive performance D. air conditioning can adjust human body’s thermoregulation system 3.It can be inferred from the panel study based on Chinese participants that _____. A. a 10% rise of hot days will lead to a 7% drop in cognitive capacity B. the damage of extreme heat to cognition affects all groups equally C. a single heat wave’s negative influence on the brain will fade instantly D. continuous exposure to high temperatures contributes to cognitive decline 4.What is the best title for the text? A. Heat Waves: A Hidden Threat to Human Cognition B. How Human Bodies Adapt to Extreme Heat C. Climate Change Leads to Rising Temperatures D. Practical Ways to Improve Poor Decision-making Passage D 社会心理议论文・情绪管理｜难度★★★★☆ Why Avoiding Your Emotions Makes Them Stronger Have you ever tried to stop thinking about uncomfortable things, or distracted yourself with trivial chores to escape stressful work? Most people share this habit. Human beings are born to pursue pleasure and avoid pain. Therefore, people’s first instinct is to stay away from negative and uncomfortable feelings. However, this common emotion-avoiding behavior usually backfires and brings worse results. A simple 60-second test can explain this avoidance paradox. Try to recall an embarrassing memory you never want to mention, and force yourself not to think about it for one minute. Surprisingly, the unwanted memory will repeatedly pop up in your mind. The explanation is simple: when you label a thought as terrible and try to avoid it, your brain will constantly check whether you have succeeded in blocking it out. This repeated check-in inevitably brings the hidden thought back to your consciousness. Many people fall into the trap of emotional avoidance without awareness. The author’s client David suffered from severe anxiety. He often forecasted terrible results in advance and imagined being criticized or even fired before work meetings. To escape anxious feelings, he chose to procrastinate on tasks and avoid tough communication, hoping to finish work until he was in a positive state of mind. His avoidance pattern created a vicious cycle. Piled-up deadlines and delayed feedback greatly worsened his anxiety. His continuous procrastination indirectly confirmed his inner fear — that he was incompetent and unable to handle challenging tasks. When he finally started working, he felt more stressed, due to limited time and reinforced self-doubt. Procrastination is only one typical way of emotional avoidance. Other common behaviors include constantly asking others for reassurance, mindlessly scrolling through phones to distract from negative thoughts, relying on drinks to relieve stress, or repeatedly checking writings for possible mistakes. All these behaviors send a wrong signal to our brain: we cannot bear negative emotions. Since no one can escape feelings forever, suppressed emotions will eventually break out and become more disruptive. To break the negative cycle, people should stop avoiding uncomfortable emotions. Instead of escaping or waiting for a perfect state of mind, we should face emotions actively. People can fight old avoidance habits with small changes: starting a tough task for merely five minutes, tolerating uncertainty without seeking reassurance, and staying present instead of distracting themselves. Every brave attempt builds new confidence and gradually weakens the fear of negative emotions. Questions 1.What is most people’s initial response to negative emotions? A. Analyzing them rationally B. Attempting to avoid them C. Seeking advice from others D. Reflecting on mistakes 2.What does the 60-second test prove? A. Bad memories fade away quickly over time B. Forced suppression of thoughts causes their return C. People can control their minds with strict self-discipline D. Embarrassing experiences are easy to forget 3.Why did David’s anxiety become increasingly serious? A. He failed to get promotion for years B. He always finished tasks ahead of time C. His emotional avoidance formed a bad cycle D. His colleagues often criticized his work 4.What is the best title for the text? A. Stop Escaping: Facing Negative Emotions Wisely B. How to Build Confidence in Daily Work C. Common Bad Habits Affecting Work Efficiency D. The Hidden Risks of Workplace Pressure 【参考答案】 Passage A（新增校园志愿应用文） 1.C 2.B 3.B Passage B（低糖健康生活） 1.C 2.B 3.C 4.A Passage C（高温认知科普） 1.A 2.C 3.D 4.A Passage D（情绪管理议论文） 1.B 2.B 3.C 4.A 【 详细解析】 Passage A 解析 1.答案：C 细节理解题 定位第二段志愿活动一：志愿者主要帮扶社区空巢老人，陪伴聊天、做家务、教学手机使用，核心工作是陪伴与服务老人。A 只是局部任务，并非主要职责。 2.答案：B 细节理解题 定位文末：所有合格参与者均可获得社会实践证书。其余选项原文无依据。 3.答案：B 细节理解题 定位报名要求最后一句：有社会实践经验者优先录取。 错项排除：A 必须参加三项活动（错误，自愿参与）；C 公示时间为 7 月 7 日；D 学校统一提供工具与马甲，无需自备。 Passage B 完整解析 1.答案：C 细节理解题 原文原话：For those without diabetes, there's no need to wear such a monitor all the time. It just adds unnecessary anxiety。 健康人群长期佩戴血糖监测仪只会带来不必要的焦虑，worry对应anxiety。 干扰项：A、D均为佩戴仪器的好处，和原文观点相反；B文中未提到能快速养成饮食习惯。 2.答案：B 细节理解题 原文：As I delved deeper, I discovered many negative effects of excessive sugar, which prompted me to start a low-sugar lifestyle。 她深入了解过量糖分的诸多危害后，开启低糖生活。 干扰项：A朋友只是误以为她有糖尿病，并未提醒控糖；C先有控糖想法，之后才佩戴监测仪；D山西面食犯困只是她控糖过程中的发现，不是开端原因。 3.答案：C 细节理解题 原文：The main difference is that I now eat my rice after the vegetables and meat to better control blood sugar fluctuations。 她控糖核心吃法：先吃菜和肉，最后吃米饭。 干扰项：A并未戒掉米饭等碳水；B她喝淡茶而非甜茶；D偶尔会吃美食甜品，不会完全忌口。 4.答案：A 主旨大意题全文以30岁自由职业者张湖川的亲身经历展开，介绍她长期坚持的实用低糖饮食方式，顺带提及当下年轻人控糖的健康潮流。 干扰项：B监测仪工作原理只是细节介绍；C山西面食仅为举例；D文章未说大量年轻人高血糖，只讲控糖新风尚。 Passage C 完整解析 1.答案：A 词义猜测题 全文主线：高温损害认知能力，让人判断力下降、思维迟钝混乱。cloud your brain字面“蒙蔽大脑”，引申为思维混乱、思考效率降低。 干扰项：B字面直译，不符合文章科普语境；C疲劳失眠只是高温带来的附带后果，不是短语含义；D血流变化是原理，不是短语释义。 2.答案：C 例证推理题2018年实验设置有无空调两组对照，无空调高温组数字题正确率更低、反应速度更慢，用来证明室内温度越高，人的认知表现越差。 干扰项：A实验对象仅大学生，不能得出大学生更怕热的结论；B斯特鲁普测试只是实验工具，并非实验证明的核心观点；D实验未提到空调调节体温调节系统。 3.答案：D 推理判断题 原文：both exposure to extreme temperatures and sustained, long-term exposure are associated with cognitive decline。长期持续处于高温环境，会造成认知衰退。 干扰项：A 气温升高 10%，认知能力下降 2%，不是 7%；B 高温对老人、肥胖人群、男性伤害更大，并非所有人受影响程度相同；C 单次热浪对大脑的负面影响会持续一段时间，不会立刻消失。 4.答案：A 主旨大意题 文章围绕核心主题展开：频发热浪与高温会损害人类认知能力，结合多项实验数据论证高温对大脑的隐性危害，并给出相关生活建议。A项精准概括全文核心。 干扰项：B人体适应高温、C气候变化升温、D改善决策能力，均为文章局部细节或无关内容，无法统领全文。 Passage D 完整解析 1.答案：B 细节理解题 原文：Human beings are born to pursue pleasure and avoid pain. Therefore, people’s first instinct is to stay away from negative and uncomfortable feelings。 人类本能趋乐避苦，面对负面情绪第一反应就是逃避远离。 干扰项：A理性分析、C寻求他人建议、D自我反思，原文均无对应表述。 2.答案：B 推理判断题 60秒实验要求刻意不去回想尴尬记忆，结果记忆反复浮现；原理是大脑会不断核查你是否成功压制想法，越压制思绪越反复出现。 干扰项：A糟糕记忆快速消退、C自律能完全控制思维、D尴尬经历容易遗忘，全部和实验结果相悖。 3.答案：C 细节理解题 David为逃避焦虑不断拖延任务、回避沟通，截止日期堆积、自我怀疑加重，形成恶性循环，焦虑持续恶化。 干扰项：A多年未升职、D同事批评，原文无依据；B提前完成工作与他拖延的行为完全相反。 4.答案：A 主旨大意题 文章核心论点：刻意逃避负面情绪只会让情绪更强烈；通过实验、来访者案例论证逃避的恶性循环，文末给出直面情绪的解决办法。标题精准概括全文核心。 干扰项：B建立自信、C低效坏习惯、D职场压力隐患，均为文章局部细节，无法概括全文。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $