Unit 1 语法(特殊疑问句)讲解与练习 2026-2027学年沪教版英语七年级上册

该初中英语导学案聚焦Unit1 Friendship的特殊疑问句语法，引导学生掌握以wh-疑问词开头的问句定义、含be动词和实义动词的两大核心句式及疑问词细分，通过关联已学动词知识构建从基础到应用的学习支架。 资料亮点在于针对易错点（如What is sb. like与What does sb. like doing）对比解析，结合句型转换三步法和单元话题对话例句，配套分层练习提升语言理解与表达能力，培养分析问题的思维品质，助力学生优化学习策略，高效掌握语法知识。

Unit1 Friendship语法讲解与练习 特殊疑问句(Wh-questions)精讲 一、基础定义 以 wh- 疑问词(who/what/where/when/why/how/which/whose)开头,用来询问人、物、地点、时间、原因、方式等具体信息的问句,叫做特殊疑问句。 核心特点:不能用 Yes/No 回答,必须给出具体信息。 二、两大核心句式结构(必考) 结构1:句子含 be 动词(am/is/are) 公式:Wh-疑问词 + am/is/are + 主语 + 其他? be 动词随主语单复数变化,无需助动词 do/does。 Who is your best friend? 谁是你最好的朋友? What is your friend like? 你的朋友性格怎么样?(问人品、性格、气质) Where are your friends from? 你的朋友们来自哪里? Whose desk is this? 这是谁的课桌? 结构2:句子含实义动词(like/help/talk等) 公式:Wh-疑问词+ do/does +主语+动词原形+其他? 主语是三单(he/she/it/单数人名) 用 does,后面动词必须变回原形 主语是 you/复数名词 用do 单元高频例句: 1. What does your friend like doing? 你的朋友喜欢做什么?(问爱好,单元重点) 2. How do you get along with your friends? 你和朋友相处得怎么样? 3. Who do you usually turn to for help? 你通常向谁求助? 特殊语序:疑问词本身作主语 当 who/what/which 在句中充当主语时,不用倒装,直接用陈述语序。 公式:疑问词+谓语动词+其他? 例:Who helps you with your study? 谁帮你辅导功课? (who 作主语,直接用三单谓语 helps,不加 does) 三、单元高频疑问词细分 1. who / whom 谁(问人) who:可作主格、表语,口语通用 whom:只作宾语,书面正式用法,口语可用 who 替代 例句: — Who is your deskmate? 谁是你的同桌? — Whom do you trust most? 你最信任谁? 2. what 什么(单元两大易混句型,考试重难点) ① What + be + sb. like? 询问性格、人品、长相(本单元核心) — What is Amy like? Amy 人怎么样? — She is kind and honest. 她善良诚实。 ② What + do/does + sb. like doing? 询问爱好、日常喜欢做的事 — What does Tom like doing after school? — He likes playing football with friends. 3. which 哪一个(有明确选择范围) 后可接单数/复数名词,用于多人、多物范围内挑选。 例句:Which boy is your new friend? 哪个男孩是你的新朋友? 4. whose 谁的(问物品归属) 形容词性用法后必须接名词,也可单独使用(名词性用法)。 例句:Whose storybook is on the desk? 桌上是谁的故事书? 5. where 哪里(问地点) Where do you meet your friends? 你和朋友在哪里见面? 6. when / what time 什么时候 when:询问泛指时间;what time:询问具体几点钟 When do you hang out with friends? 你什么时候和朋友出去玩? 7. why 为什么(问原因) 答句必须用 because 回答 — Why do you like your friend? — Because she always helps me. 8. how 怎样、如何(单元重点) 多用于询问相处状态、感受、方式 1. How do you get on with your classmates? 你和同学相处如何? 2. How is your friendship? 你们的友谊怎么样? 拓展疑问词组(单元配套拓展) how many + 可数名词复数:多少(人/物品) how much + 不可数名词:多少(量/钱) how old:多大年纪 how often:多久一次(询问交友、活动频率) 四、易错区分(考试高频陷阱) 1. What is sb. like VS What does sb. like doing What’s he like? 询问性格、外貌(他人怎么样) What does he like doing? 询问个人爱好(他喜欢做什么) 2. who 作主语无需加 does Who does help you? Who helps you? 3. does 后动词必须还原原形 What does she likes? What does she like? 五、句型转换考点:对划线部分提问 做题三步法: 1. 确定划线部分对应的疑问词; 2. 判断原句含 be 动词/实义动词; 3. 调整语序、去掉划线部分,规范书写。 经典例题: 1. My friend is honest.(划线 honest) What is your friend like? 2. He likes reading with friends.(划线 reading) What does he like doing? 3. Lily helps me every day.(划线 Lily,主语) Who helps you every day? 六、单元配套对话例句(课本原话题) 1. — Who is your best friend? — My best friend is Simon. 2. — What is Simon like? — He is funny and helpful. 3. — What does he like doing? — He likes playing basketball. 4. — Why do you make friends with him? — Because he always listens to me. 5. — How do you keep in touch with your friends? — We chat online every weekend. 【配套专项练习】 一、用正确的疑问词填空(每空1词,共15分) 从 who, what, which, whose, where, when, why, how 中选择合适的疑问词填空 1. _ is your best friend? — Lucy. 2. _ is your deskmate like? — She is kind and helpful. 3. _ do you like your friend? — Because she always listens to me. 4. _ does Tom like doing after school? — He likes playing football. 5. _ schoolbag is this? — It’s Lily’s. 6. _ do you meet your friends every weekend? 7. _ boy is your new classmate? — The tall one. 8. _ do you usually chat with your friends? — In the evening. 9. _ do you get on with your classmates? — Very well. 10. _ helps you with your English? — My best friend does. 11. _ makes a good friend in your mind? 12. _ are your friends from? — They are from Shanghai. 13. _ do you choose to be friends with him? 14. _ hobby do you share with your friend? — Reading. 15. _ is your friendship like? — It’s warm and simple. 二、单项选择 1. — _ is your new friend like? — He is quiet and polite. A. What B. How C. Who D. When 2. — _ does your friend like doing? — He likes swimming. A. How B. What C. Where D. Why 3. _ helps you solve your problems when you are in trouble? A. What B. Who C. Where D. Why 4. — _ do you admire your friend? — Because he is very hard-working. A. How B. What C. Why D. When 5. — _ is that girl over there? — She is my best friend, Amy. A. What B. Who C. Whose D. Which 6. _ pencil is on the teacher’s desk? A. Who B. Which C. Whose D. What 7. — _ do you play with your friends? — On Sundays. A. Where B. When C. How D. Why 8. — _ do you get along with your friends? — Pretty well. A. What B. Why C. How D. When 9. _ student in your class is the most friendly? A. What B. Who C. Which D. Whose 10. — _ are your friends from? — They are from Beijing. A. Where B. When C. How D. What 11. What _ your friend _ after school every day? A. do; do B. does; do C. is; do D. does; does 12. — _ is your friendship? — It’s very precious. A. What B. How C. Why D. When 13. _ has a lot of good friends in your class? A. Who B. What C. Which D. Where 14. — _ do you usually talk with your friends? — At school. A. When B. Where C. How D. Why 15. _ kind of people do you want to make friends with? A. How B. What C. Which D. Whose 三、句型改写 1. My best friend is honest and funny. (对划线部分提问) _ 2. Tom helps me with my study every day. (对划线部分提问) _ 3. I make friends with him because he is helpful. (对划线部分提问) _ 4. We usually meet in the school library. (对划线部分提问) _ 5. Lucy is my new friend. (对划线部分提问) _ 6. They chat with friends in the evening. (对划线部分提问) _ 7. This is Mike’s notebook. (对划线部分提问) _ 8. My deskmate always shares food with me. (对划线部分提问) _ 9. I get on well with my classmates. (对划线部分提问) _ 10. He likes reading storybooks with his friends. (对划线部分提问) _ 四、汉译英翻译 1. 你最好的朋友是什么性格? _ 2. 你为什么喜欢和他做朋友? _ 3. 你的朋友放学后喜欢做什么? _ 4. 谁在你困难的时候帮助你? _ 5. 你和你的同学们相处得怎么样? _ 6. 你们通常什么时候一起玩耍? _ 7. 这是谁的钢笔? _ 8. 哪个男孩是你的好朋友? _ 9. 你们通常在哪里见面? _ 10. 你认为什么是真正的友谊? _ Keys 一、用正确的疑问词填空 1. Who(对人提问,谁是你最好的朋友) 2. What(固定句型:What be sb. like? 询问人物性格品质) 3. Why(答语含because,对应提问原因) 4. What(询问人物的爱好、动作内容) 5. Whose(询问物品归属,意为“谁的”) 6. Where(询问见面的地点) 7. Which(限定范围,在多个对象中选择其一) 8. When(询问泛指的时间) 9. How(固定搭配,询问相处状态、程度) 10. Who(询问动作的执行者,人作主语) 11. What(询问事物的定义、标准) 12. Where(询问来自的地点) 13. Why(询问交友的原因) 14. Which(特指某一个共同的爱好,范围限定) 15. What(固定句型:What be sth. like? 询问事物状态) 二、单项选择 1.A 2.B 3.B 4.C 5.B 6.C 7.B 8.C 9.C 10.A 11.B 12.B 13.A 14.B 15.B 三、句型改写 1. What is your best friend like? 2. What does Tom do every day? 3. Why do you make friends with him? 4. Where do you usually meet? 5. Who is your new friend? 6. When do they chat with friends? 7. Whose notebook is this? 8. Who always shares food with you? 9. How do you get on with your classmates? 10. What does he like doing with his friends? 四、汉译英翻译 1. What is your best friend like? 2. Why do you like making friends with him? 3. What does your friend like doing after school? 4. Who helps you when you are in trouble? 5. How do you get on with your classmates? 6. When do you usually play together? 7. Whose pen is this? 8. Which boy is your good friend? 9. Where do you usually meet? 10. What do you think true friendship is? 2 / 2 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $