Unit6 When disaster strikes预习专项 2026-2027学年外研版英语八年级上册

2026暑假外研版初中英语八年级上Unit 6 When disaster strikes预习专项 一、核心知识点梳理 （一）核心词汇 英文单词 音标 词性&中文释义 拓展&搭配 disaster /dɪˈzɑːstə(r)/ n. 灾难；灾害 常见搭配：natural disaster（自然灾害）、disaster relief（救灾）、a terrible disaster（一场可怕的灾难） strike /straɪk/ v. 袭击；打击；n. 罢工 常见搭配：strike sb.（袭击某人）、strike a match（划火柴）、go on strike（罢工） earthquake /ˈɜːθkweɪk/ n. 地震 常见搭配：a big earthquake（大地震）、earthquake disaster（地震灾害）、earthquake rescue（地震救援） flood /flʌd/ n. 洪水；v. 淹没 常见搭配：a big flood（大洪水）、flood disaster（洪水灾害）、be flooded（被淹没） drought /draʊt/ n. 干旱；旱灾 常见搭配：a severe drought（严重干旱）、drought disaster（旱灾）、drought resistance（抗旱） typhoon /taɪˈfuːn/ n. 台风 常见搭配：a strong typhoon（强台风）、typhoon warning（台风预警）、typhoon disaster（台风灾害） hurricane /ˈhʌrɪkən/ n. 飓风 常见搭配：a powerful hurricane（强飓风）、hurricane disaster（飓风灾害）、hurricane warning（飓风预警） tornado /tɔːˈneɪdəʊ/ n. 龙卷风 常见搭配：a violent tornado（猛烈的龙卷风）、tornado disaster（龙卷风灾害）、tornado warning（龙卷风预警） landslide /ˈlændslaɪd/ n. 山体滑坡；山崩 常见搭配：a big landslide（大山体滑坡）、landslide disaster（山体滑坡灾害）、landslide warning（山体滑坡预警） rescue /ˈreskjuː/ v. 营救；救援；n. 营救 常见搭配：rescue sb.（营救某人）、rescue work（救援工作）、rescue team（救援队） survivor /səˈvaɪvə(r)/ n. 幸存者；生还者 常见搭配：earthquake survivor（地震幸存者）、flood survivor（洪水幸存者）、help survivors（帮助幸存者） damage /ˈdæmɪdʒ/ v. 损害；破坏；n. 损害 常见搭配：damage sth.（损害某物）、cause damage（造成损害）、serious damage（严重损害） destroy /dɪˈstrɔɪ/ v. 破坏；摧毁 常见搭配：destroy sth.（摧毁某物）、be destroyed（被摧毁）、completely destroy（完全摧毁） homeless /ˈhəʊmləs/ adj. 无家可归的 常见搭配：homeless people（无家可归的人）、become homeless（变得无家可归）、help the homeless（帮助无家可归的人） injured /ˈɪndʒəd/ adj. 受伤的；受损害的 常见搭配：injured people（受伤的人）、seriously injured（严重受伤）、help the injured（帮助受伤的人） warning /ˈwɔːnɪŋ/ n. 警告；预警；v. 警告 常见搭配：disaster warning（灾害预警）、warning sign（警告标志）、give a warning（发出警告） prepare /prɪˈpeə(r)/ v. 准备；预备 常见搭配：prepare for（为……做准备）、prepare to do sth.（准备做某事）、prepare well（做好准备） protect /prəˈtekt/ v. 保护；防护 常见搭配：protect sb.（保护某人）、protect from（保护……免受）、protect the environment（保护环境） survive /səˈvaɪv/ v. 幸存；存活 常见搭配：survive the disaster（在灾难中幸存）、survive from（从……幸存）、help sb. survive（帮助某人幸存） aid /eɪd/ n. 援助；帮助；v. 援助 常见搭配：disaster aid（救灾援助）、humanitarian aid（人道主义援助）、aid sb.（援助某人） （二）核心短语 1. 灾害类型：natural disaster（自然灾害）、earthquake disaster（地震灾害）、flood disaster（洪水灾害）、drought disaster（旱灾）、typhoon disaster（台风灾害） 2. 灾害应对：rescue work（救援工作）、rescue team（救援队）、disaster relief（救灾）、disaster warning（灾害预警）、give a warning（发出警告） 3. 灾害影响：cause damage（造成损害）、serious damage（严重损害）、become homeless（变得无家可归）、seriously injured（严重受伤）、survive the disaster（在灾难中幸存） 4. 准备防护：prepare for（为……做准备）、protect from（保护……免受）、prepare well（做好准备）、protect the environment（保护环境） 5. 其他：a terrible disaster（一场可怕的灾难）、a strong typhoon（强台风）、homeless people（无家可归的人）、humanitarian aid（人道主义援助） （三）核心语法 1. 过去完成时 结构：had + 动词过去分词 用法：表示在过去某个动作之前已经完成的动作，常与by、before等时间状语连用 2. 被动语态（一般过去时） 结构：was/were + 动词过去分词 用法：表示过去某个时间被完成的动作 3. 重点句式 It is + adj. + to do sth.：表示“做某事是……的” not only...but also...：表示“不仅……而且……”，连接并列成分 when引导时间状语从句：表示“当……的时候” 4. 词性转换 动词与名词转换：rescue（v.）→ rescue（n.）；survive（v.）→ survival（n.） 动词与形容词转换：injure（v.）→ injured（adj.） （四）核心交际句型 1. 谈论灾害： —What kind of natural disasters do you know? —I know earthquakes, floods and typhoons. They are very terrible. 2. 灾害应对： —What should we do when a disaster strikes? —We should listen to the warning and prepare well. 3. 灾害影响： —What are the effects of a disaster? —It can cause serious damage, make people homeless and injure many people. 4. 救援帮助： —How can we help the people in the disaster area? —We can provide aid, send rescue teams and help the survivors. 二、预习习题闯关（满分100分，时长90分钟） （一）根据首字母或中文提示写单词（10题，每题2分，共20分） 1. A natural d______（灾难）can cause great damage. 2. The earthquake s______（袭击）the city last night. 3. Many people became homeless after the f______（洪水）. 4. The d______（干旱）lasted for a long time. 5. The t______（台风）warning was issued yesterday. 6. The rescue team worked hard to r______（营救）the survivors. 7. The s______（幸存者）were sent to the hospital. 8. The disaster caused serious d______（损害）to the city. 9. Many people became h______（无家可归的）after the disaster. 10. We should p______（保护）ourselves from disasters. （二）中英互译（各10题，共20题，每题2分，共40分） 汉译英 1. 灾难；灾害 _____________________ 2. 袭击；打击 _____________________ 3. 地震 _____________________ 4. 洪水；淹没 _____________________ 5. 干旱；旱灾 _____________________ 6. 台风 _____________________ 7. 飓风 _____________________ 8. 龙卷风 _____________________ 9. 山体滑坡；山崩 _____________________ 10. 营救；救援 _____________________ 英译汉 1. survivor _____________________ 2. damage _____________________ 3. destroy _____________________ 4. homeless _____________________ 5. injured _____________________ 6. warning _____________________ 7. prepare _____________________ 8. protect _____________________ 9. survive _____________________ 10. aid _____________________ （三）单选题（10题，每题2分，共20分） ( )1. A natural disaster can cause great damage ______ people's lives. A. to B. for C. with ( )2. The earthquake struck the city ______ night. A. last B. next C. this ( )3. Many people became homeless ______ the flood. A. after B. before C. during ( )4. The drought lasted ______ a long time. A. for B. to C. with ( )5. The typhoon warning was issued ______ yesterday. A. / B. on C. in ( )6. The rescue team worked hard to rescue the survivors ______ the disaster. A. from B. to C. with ( )7. The survivors were sent ______ the hospital. A. to B. for C. with ( )8. The disaster caused serious damage ______ the city. A. to B. for C. with ( )9. Many people became homeless ______ the disaster. A. after B. before C. during ( )10. We should protect ourselves ______ disasters. A. from B. to C. with （四）句型转换（5题，每题2分，共10分） 1. A natural disaster can cause great damage.（改为一般疑问句） 作答线：___________________________________________________________ 2. The earthquake struck the city last night.（改为否定句） 作答线：___________________________________________________________ 3. Many people became homeless after the flood.（对划线部分提问） 作答线：___________________________________________________________ 4. The rescue team worked hard to rescue the survivors.（对划线部分提问） 作答线：___________________________________________________________ 5. We should protect ourselves from disasters.（改为同义句） 作答线：___________________________________________________________ （五）连词成句（5题，每题2分，共10分） 1. a, natural, disaster, can, cause, great, damage (.) 作答线：___________________________________________________________ 2. the, earthquake, struck, the, city, last, night (.) 作答线：___________________________________________________________ 3. many, people, became, homeless, after, the, flood (.) 作答线：___________________________________________________________ 4. the, rescue, team, worked, hard, to, rescue, the, survivors (.) 作答线：___________________________________________________________ 5. we, should, protect, ourselves, from, disasters (.) 作答线：___________________________________________________________ 三、参考答案 （一）根据首字母或中文提示写单词 1. disaster 2. struck 3. flood 4. drought 5. typhoon 6. rescue 7. survivors 8. damage 9. homeless 10. protect （二）中英互译 汉译英 1. disaster 2. strike 3. earthquake 4. flood 5. drought 6. typhoon 7. hurricane 8. tornado 9. landslide 10. rescue 英译汉 1. 幸存者；生还者 2. 损害；破坏；损害 3. 破坏；摧毁 4. 无家可归的 5. 受伤的；受损害的 6. 警告；预警；警告 7. 准备；预备 8. 保护；防护 9. 幸存；存活 10. 援助；帮助；援助 （三）单选题 1. A 2. A 3. A 4. A 5. A 6. A 7. A 8. A 9. A 10. A （四）句型转换 1. Can a natural disaster cause great damage? 2. The earthquake didn't strike the city last night. 3. When did many people become homeless? 4. Why did the rescue team work hard? 5. We should keep ourselves safe from disasters. （五）连词成句 1. A natural disaster can cause great damage. 2. The earthquake struck the city last night. 3. Many people became homeless after the flood. 4. The rescue team worked hard to rescue the survivors. 5. We should protect ourselves from disasters. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $