内容正文:
人教版七年级上册英语
UNIT 1 You and Me
重点知识梳理
新课标 · 全面提升
重点单词
重点单词讲解
重点短语
重点短语讲解
重点句型
重点句型讲解
重要知识点
重要知识点讲解
一、重点单词
本单元主题为"你和我",围绕认识新朋友、介绍个人基本信息展开,重点掌握与个人信息相关的词汇及 be 动词用法。
单词
音标与词性
中文释义
friend
/frend/ n.
朋友
make friends
交朋友
new
/njuː/ adj.
新的
introduce
/ˌɪntrəˈdjuːs/ v.
介绍;引见
yourself
/jɔːˈself/ pron.
你自己(反身代词)
other
/ˈʌðə(r)/ adj., pron.
其他的;别的;其他人
each other
互相;彼此
know
/nəʊ/ v.
知道;认识;了解
get to know
逐渐了解;开始认识
personal
/ˈpɜːsnl/ adj.
个人的;私人的
information
/ˌɪnfəˈmeɪʃn/ n.
信息;资料
profile
/ˈprəʊfaɪl/ n.
简介;个人档案;轮廓
personal profile
个人简介;个人档案
name
/neɪm/ n.
名字;名称
first name
名字(名)
last name
姓氏(姓)
full name
全名(姓名)
age
/eɪdʒ/ n.
年龄
year old
……岁
years old
……岁(复数)
country
/ˈkʌntri/ n.
国家
city
/ˈsɪti/ n.
城市
from
/frɒm; frəm/ prep.
来自;从……
live
/lɪv/ v.
居住;生活
live in...
居住在……
live with...
和……住在一起
class
/klɑːs/ n.
班级;(一堂)课
grade
/ɡreɪd/ n.
年级;等级
in Class ... Grade ...
在……年级……班
teacher
/ˈtiːtʃə(r)/ n.
教师;老师
class teacher
班主任
student
/ˈstjuːdnt/ n.
学生
classmate
/ˈklɑːsmeɪt/ n.
同班同学
Mr
/ˈmɪstə(r)/ n.
先生(用于男士姓氏前)
Mrs
/ˈmɪsɪz/ n.
夫人;太太(用于已婚女士姓氏前)
Ms
/mz/ n.
女士(用于婚姻状况不明的女士姓氏前)
miss
/mɪs/ n.
小姐;女士(未婚)
UK
/
abbr. 英国(United Kingdom的缩写)
the UK
英国(正式说法)
US
/
abbr. 美国(United States的缩写)
the US
美国(正式说法)
China
/ˈtʃaɪnə/ n.
中国
Singapore
/ˌsɪŋəˈpɔː(r)/ n.
新加坡
London
/ˈlʌndən/ n.
伦敦(英国首都)
Beijing
/beiˈdʒɪŋ/ n.
北京(中国首都)
Chengdu
/tʃeŋˈduː/ n.
成都(中国城市)
Sydney
/ˈsidni/ n.
悉尼(澳大利亚城市)
South Africa
南非
Australia
/ɒˈstreɪliə/ n.
澳大利亚
family
/ˈfæməli/ n.
家庭;家人
father
/ˈfɑːðə(r)/ n.
父亲;爸爸
mother
/ˈmʌðə(r)/ n.
母亲;妈妈
parent
/ˈpeərənt/ n.
父亲或母亲;父/母(单数)
parents
/ˈpeərənts/ n.
父母;双亲(复数)
brother
/ˈbrʌðə(r)/ n.
兄弟;兄/弟
sister
/ˈsɪstə(r)/ n.
姐妹;姐/妹
pet
/pet/ n.
宠物
bird
/bɜːd/ n.
鸟
parrot
/ˈpærət/ n.
鹦鹉
cat
/kæt/ n.
猫
dog
/dɒɡ/ n.
狗
food
/fuːd/ n.
食物;食品
favourite
/ˈfeɪvərɪt/ adj. & n.
最喜欢的;最喜爱的人/物
sport
/spɔːt/ n.
体育运动
hobby
/ˈhɒbi/ n.
爱好;嗜好
place
/pleɪs/ n.
地方;地点
tennis
/ˈtenɪs/ n.
网球
guitar
/ɡɪˈtɑː(r)/ n.
吉他
music
/ˈmjuːzɪk/ n.
音乐
band
/bænd/ n.
乐队;乐队组合
school band
学校乐队
roast
/rəʊst/ adj. & v.
烤的;烘烤
roast duck
烤鸭
Beijing roast duck
北京烤鸭
noodle
/ˈnuːdl/ n.
面条(常作复数 noodles)
tofu
/ˈtəʊfuː/ n.
豆腐
Mapo tofu
麻婆豆腐
beef
/biːf/ n.
牛肉
basketball
/ˈbɑːskɪtbɔːl/ n.
篮球
play
/pleɪ/ v.
玩;演奏(乐器);踢/打(球类运动)
every
/ˈevri/ adj.
每一个;每一
weekend
/ˌwiːkˈend/ n.
周末
too
/tuː/ adv.
也(用于肯定句句末)
even
/ˈiːvn/ adv.
甚至;更;连
often
/ˈɒfn/ adv.
经常;常常
after school
放学后
now
/naʊ/ adv.
现在
here
/hɪə(r)/ adv.
这里
there
/ðeə(r)/ adv.
那里
very
/ˈveri/ adv.
非常;很
much
/mʌtʃ/ adv.
非常;很(修饰比较级和不可数名词)
a lot
/ə lɒt/
很多;非常(副词短语)
a lot of...
许多……(修饰可数/不可数名词)
both
/bəʊθ/ det., pron.
两者都;双方都
cute
/kjuːt/ adj.
可爱的;机灵的
same
/seɪm/ adj.
相同的;同一的
twin
/twɪn/ n.
双胞胎之一;adj. 双胞胎的
twins
双胞胎
mistake
/mɪˈsteɪk/ n.
错误;失误
I'm sorry!
对不起!抱歉!
sorry
/ˈsɒri/ adj.
抱歉的;难过的
hello
/həˈləʊ/ interj.
你好;喂
hi
/haɪ/ interj.
嗨;你好
good morning
早上好
nice to meet you
很高兴见到你
nice to meet you too
我也很高兴见到你
yes
/jes/ interj.
是的;对
no
/nəʊ/ interj.
不;不是;没有
am
/æm; m/ v.
是(用于 I 之后)
is
/ɪz/ v.
是(用于 he/she/it/单数名词之后)
are
/ɑː(r)/ v.
是(用于 you/we/they/复数名词之后)
not
/nɒt/ adv.
不;不是
I'm
I am 的缩写
he's
he is 的缩写
she's
she is 的缩写
it's
it is 的缩写
we're
we are 的缩写
they're
they are 的缩写
who's
who is 的缩写
isn't
is not 的缩写
aren't
are not 的缩写
I'm not
I am not 的缩写
二、重点短语
短语
中文释义
make friends
交朋友
make new friends
结交新朋友
get to know each other
互相了解;逐渐认识彼此
introduce oneself / yourself
自我介绍
introduce sb. to sb.
把某人介绍给某人
personal information
个人信息
personal profile
个人简介;个人档案
first name / given name
名(名字)
last name / family name / surname
姓(姓氏)
full name
全名(姓名)
How old are you?
你多大了?
... years old
……岁
Where are you from?
你来自哪里?
What class are you in?
你在哪个班?
in Class ..., Grade ...
在……年级……班
Who is your class teacher?
你的班主任是谁?
What's your last name?
你姓什么?
How do you spell your name?
你怎么拼写你的名字?
May I have your name?
我可以知道你的名字吗?
Nice to meet you.
很高兴见到你。
Nice to meet you too.
我也很高兴见到你。
This is my new friend/classmate.
这是我的新朋友/同学。
He's / She's from...
他/她来自……
live in + 城市/国家
居住在(某城市/国家)
live with + 人
和(某人)住在一起
My favourite ... is ...
我最喜欢的……是……
I like ... very much/a lot.
我非常喜欢……
play + 球类运动
打/踢……球
play + the + 乐器
演奏……乐器
play tennis/guitar/basketball
打网球 / 弹吉他 / 打篮球
in the same class
在同一个班级
Emma and Ella are twins.
艾玛和艾拉是双胞胎。
They are from the US.
他们来自美国。
She even speaks some Chinese!
她甚至会说一些中文!
I often play it with my friends after school.
放学后我经常和朋友一起打它。
Would you like to be my friend?
你想成为我的朋友吗?
I'd like to be your friend.
我想做你的朋友。
Please write to me.
请给我写信。
I love ... too.
我也喜欢……
take turns to do sth.
轮流做某事
pick out one classmate's profile
挑选一个同学的个人档案
三、重点句型
1. — Hello! I'm ... May I have your name? — Hi! I'm ... Nice to meet you.
2. — Good morning! I'm ... Are you ...? — Good morning! Yes, I am. / No, I'm not.
3. — What's your last name? — It's Miller / Smith / Brown.
4. — Where are you from? — I'm from China / the US / the UK.
5. — How old are you? — I'm 12 / 13 / 14 years old.
6. — What class are you in? — I'm in Class 1, Grade 7.
7. — Who's your class teacher? — It's Ms Gao / Mr Lu / Ms Hui.
8. This is my new friend / classmate, Peter. He's from the US. He's in Class 1.
9. He's / She's my English teacher, Mr Smith.
10. Oh, sorry! / I'm sorry! My mistake.
11. Hi, I'm Pauline Lee, and I'm 14 years old. I live in Singapore with my big family.
12. I have a pet bird. It's a parrot. Her name is Coco.
13. My favourite sport is tennis. I often play it with my friends after school.
14. Do you want to be my friend?
15. Hey there! My name is Peter Brown. I'm 13 years old. I'm from London, in the UK.
16. Now, I live in Beijing with my family. My favourite food is Beijing roast duck.
17. My favourite place is the Great Wall. I like music, and I play the guitar in the school band.
18. Would you like to be my friend?
19. My name is ________. I'm ________ years old. I live in ________.
20. My favourite ________ is ________. I love ________ too.
四、重点句型讲解
1. 自我介绍的完整表达
Hello! I'm Liu Yu. I'm 13 years old. I'm from Chengdu, China.
Hi! I'm Pauline Lee, and I'm 14 years old. I live in Singapore.
自我介绍通常包含以下要素:① 问候语(Hello!/Hi!); ② 姓名(I'm ... / My name is ...); ③ 年龄(I'm ... years old); ④ 来自哪里(I'm from ... / I live in ...)。可以按需添加更多信息,如家庭、宠物、爱好等。
2. 询问他人信息的疑问句
— What's your last name? — It's Miller.
— Where are you from? — I'm from the US.
— How old are you? — I'm 12 years old.
— What class are you in? — I'm in Class 1, Grade 7.
— Who's your class teacher? — It's Ms Gao.
本单元五大核心问句,用于获取他人的个人信息:
• What's your last name? —— 问姓氏(回答用 It's + 姓氏)
• Where are you from? —— 问籍贯/来源地(回答用 I'm from + 地点)
• How old are you? —— 问年龄(回答用 I'm + 数字 + years old)
• What class are you in? —— 问班级(回答用 I'm in Class X, Grade Y)
• Who's your class teacher? —— 问班主任(回答用 It's + 称谓 + 姓氏)
3. 介绍第三方:This is...
Mr Smith, this is my new friend/classmate, Peter. Peter, this is our English teacher, Mr Smith.
Hello! This is my new friend. His / Her name is ... He's / She's from ...
"This is..." 是介绍他人时最常用的表达方式。注意:被介绍的人就在现场时用 this is,不用 he/she is。介绍后通常互相问候 Nice to meet you.
4. 表达喜好与兴趣
My favourite sport is tennis. My favourite food is Beijing roast duck.
I like hot pot very much. I like music, and I play the guitar.
I love Mapo tofu. Sally and I are good friends.
表达喜好的三种方式:
• My favourite ... is ... (我最喜欢的是……)—— 最常用,favourite 作形容词
• I like ... very much / a lot. (我非常喜欢...) -- like 后接名词或动词-ing
• I love ... (我爱/很喜欢……)—— love 比 like 感情色彩更强
5. 邀请交友:Would you like...?
Do you want to be my friend? / Would you like to be my friend?
I'd like to be your friend. I love ________ too.
Do you want to...? 和 Would you like to...? 都可用于发出邀请,后者更礼貌委婉。回答肯定用 I'd like to... 或 Yes, I'd love to.。本单元 Project 中要求写回复交友帖,模板为:"Hello, ...! My name is ... I'm ... years old. I live in ... I'd like to be your friend."
五、重点知识点及讲解
【核心语法】be 动词 (am / is / are) 的用法
be 动词是最基础的系动词,意为"是"。根据主语的不同人称和数,be 有三种形式:am、is、are。这是本单元最重要的语法点。
人称
be 动词形式
缩写形式
否定缩写
例句
人称
be 动词形式
缩写形式
否定缩写
例句
I(我)
am
I'm
I'm not
I am 13 years old.
You(你/你们)
are
You're
You aren't / You're not
You are in Class 1.
He(他)
is
He's
He isn't / He's not
He is from the US.
She(她)
is
She's
She isn't / She's not
She is 12 years old.
It(它)
is
It's
It isn't / It's not
It is a parrot.
We(我们)
are
We're
We aren't / We're not
We are in the same class.
They(他们/她们/它们)
are
They're
They aren't / They're not
They are from China.
单数名词(如Peter)
is
---
---
Peter is in Class 1.
复数名词(如Emma and Ella)
are
---
---
Emma and Ella are twins.
**记忆口诀**:我用am你用are,is连着他她它;单数主语用is,复数主语都用are。
2. be 动词的一般疑问句及其回答
— Are you Peter? — Yes, I am. / No, I'm not.
— Are Meimei and Peter in the same class? — Yes, they are. / No, they aren't.
— Is she from China? — Yes, she is. / No, she isn't.
将 be 动词提前到句首即构成一般疑问句。回答时注意:
• 肯定回答:Yes, 主语 + be.(不能用缩写)
• 否定回答:No, 主语 + be + not.(必须用缩写)
特别注意:I am 的否定回答只能用 No, I'm not. 不能说 No, I amn't.
3. be 动词的特殊疑问句
特殊疑问句 = 特殊疑问词 + 一般疑问句语序。本单元涉及的特殊疑问词有:
疑问词
含义
例句
用途
what
什么
What's your name?
询问姓名、事物
who
谁
Who's your class teacher?
询问人物身份
where
在哪里;来自哪里
Where are you from?
询问地点/来源
how old
多大(几岁)
How old are you?
询问年龄
what class
哪个班
What class are you in?
询问班级
4. 形容词性物主代词 my / his / her / its / our / their
物主代词用于表示"谁的",放在名词前面,表示所属关系:
对应关系
含义
示例
I → my
我的
my name, my friend, my class
you → your
你的;你们的
your name, your class
he → his
他的
his name, his favourite sport
she → her
她的
her name, her favourite food
it → its
它的
its name(它的名字)
we → our
我们的
our English teacher
they → their
他们的
their names
5. 名词所有格 's 的用法
Peter's full name / Peter Brown
Ella's last name / Fu Xing's grandpa
Pauline Lee's post / Andre Kalu's profile
在名词后加 's 表示...的, 构成名词所有格, 用于表示所属关系。规则:
• 单数名词 + 's:Peter's name(彼得的名字)、Mr Smith's class(史密斯先生的班级)
• 以 s 结尾的复数名词只加 ':students' books(学生们书)、parents' room(父母的房间)
• 不以 s 结尾的不规则复数仍加 's:children's day(儿童节)、men's room(男洗手间)
6. play 的两种搭配
play tennis / play football / play basketball
play the guitar / play the piano / play the violin
play 在表示从事体育活动时的固定搭配规律——这是一个高频考点:
• play + 球类运动(零冠词):play tennis 打网球、play basketball 打篮球、play football 踢足球
• play + the + 乐器(定冠词 the):play the guitar 弹吉他、play the piano 弹钢琴、play the violin 拉小提琴
7. from 与 live 的区别
I'm from London. / He's from the US.
I live in Beijing. / I live in Singapore with my family.
from 表示"来自",强调籍贯或出生地,是静态的出身信息。live in 表示"居住在",强调当前的居住状态。一个人可以来自伦敦但住在北京。from 后面接城市或国家都可以,live 后面通常接城市(也可以接国家)。
8. 语音:四组元音对比
本单元 Pronunciation 板块聚焦四组易混元音音素的对比辨析:
对比音素
说明
示例单词
/iː/ vs /ɪ/
长元音 vs 短元音
eat-feet-sheep / is-fit-list
/e/ vs /æ/
前中短元音 vs 前低短元音
net-men-head / bad-man-hat
记忆要点:/iː/ 发音时嘴角向两边咧开、舌位高,时长较长;/ɪ/ 舌位略低、发音短促。/e/ 口形半开、舌位中等;/æ/ 口张大、舌位低。
9. 英文姓名的结构与称呼
英文姓名由两部分组成:First Name(名/名字)+ Last Name(姓/姓氏)。书写顺序是名在前、姓在后。
Peter Brown → First name: Peter; Last name: Brown
Song Meimei → First name: Meimei; Last name: Song
Chen Jie → First name: Jie; Last name: Chen
注意:中国人的姓名英文拼写也是名在前姓在后。称呼习惯:Mr + 姓(男士)、Mrs + 姓(已婚女士)、Ms + 姓(通用)、Miss + 姓(未婚女士)。例:Mr Smith, Mrs Miller, Ms Gao, Ms Hui。
10. 个人简介(Personal Profile)写作模板
本单元 Project 要求制作个人简介并介绍同学,以下是标准写作框架:
My Personal Profile
My name is [name]. I'm [age] years old. I'm from [country], but now I live in [city] with my [family members]. We have a [pet]. Its/his/her name is [pet name].
My favourite food is [food]. My favourite sport is [sport]. I [play/do] [sport] every [time].
I like [hobby/activity] very much.
写作提示:① 信息真实但不泄露隐私;② 使用正确的 be 动词形式;③ 注意大小写和标点符号;④ 可以适当发挥添加个性化内容(如特别经历、梦想等)。
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