内容正文:
外研版(2026秋新版)九年级上册
Unit 6 Live green
单元知识点总结
适用教材:外研版(2026秋新版)九年级上册 | 适用学段:初三上学期 | 资料类型:单元知识点总结
课标对接
【话题】绿色生活与可持续发展(Green living and sustainable development)
【语言技能】能听懂并讨论关于绿色生活、环保行动、可持续发展的话题;能运用构词法(合成法、派生法、转化法)理解和记忆词汇;能读懂关于环保生活和3R原则的说明文;能写一篇关于如何过绿色生活的短文。
【文化意识】了解3R原则(Reduce, Reuse, Recycle)在全球的实践情况;认识不同国家的绿色生活方式;培养节约资源和保护环境的意识。
【核心语法】构词法(Word Formation)—— 合成法(Compounding)、派生法(Derivation)、转化法(Conversion)。
【文化常识】3R原则(Reduce, Reuse, Recycle);世界各地的绿色生活方式(Green living around the world)。
目录
一、重点词汇(按主题分类,含音标/词性/搭配/例句)
二、重点短语与固定搭配(22个高频短语,含辨析对比)
三、重点句型(8大核心句型,含公式+课文原句+仿写范例)
四、语法精讲(构词法——合成法、派生法、转化法)
五、单元话题写作(How to live a green life,含写作框架+范文2篇)
六、易错点与难点突破(10大高频易错,含正误对比+原因分析)
七、文化常识(3R原则 / 世界各地的绿色生活方式)
八、单元自测(基础过关20题 + 能力提升10题)
附:参考答案与详细解析
一、重点词汇(Words)
1.1 物品与材料类
英文
音标
词性
中文
用法与搭配
例句
plastic
/ˈplæstɪk/
n./adj.
塑料;塑料的
plastic bags plastic pollution
We should use fewer plastic bags to protect the environment.
electronic
/ɪˌlekˈtrɒnɪk/
adj.
电子的
electronic waste electronic devices
Electronic waste is a growing problem around the world.
material
/məˈtɪəriəl/
n.
材料;原料
natural materials recycled materials
We can use recycled materials to make new products.
resource
/rɪˈsɔːs/
n.
资源
natural resources save resources
Fresh water is a valuable resource that we should not waste.
energy
/ˈenədʒi/
n.
能源;能量
save energy renewable energy
Turning off lights when you leave a room can save energy.
industry
/ˈɪndəstri/
n.
工业;行业
the plastic industry heavy industry
The industry produces a lot of waste every year.
cheap
/tʃiːp/
adj.
便宜的;廉价的
cheap products at a cheap price
Cheap plastic products are often thrown away after one use.
1.2 环境问题与影响类
英文
音标
词性
中文
用法与搭配
例句
pollute
/pəˈluːt/
v.
污染
pollute the river be polluted by
Factories are polluting the air and water.
harm
/hɑːm/
n./v.
伤害;损害
do harm to harm the environment
Plastic waste does great harm to ocean animals.
cause
/kɔːz/
v./n.
造成;原因
cause pollution cause and effect
Burning waste causes serious air pollution.
effect
/ɪˈfekt/
n.
影响;效果
have an effect on side effect
The effect of pollution on our health is very serious.
waste
/weɪst/
n./v.
废物;浪费
waste of time waste water
We produce too much waste every day.
burn
/bɜːn/
v.
燃烧;烧毁
burn waste burn down
Burning plastic releases harmful gases into the air.
tiny
/ˈtaɪni/
adj.
极小的;微小的
tiny particles a tiny piece of
Tiny pieces of plastic can be found in the ocean.
average
/ˈævərɪdʒ/
adj./n.
平均的;普通的
on average an average person
On average, each person uses about 300 plastic bags a year.
silently
/ˈsaɪləntli/
adv.
静静地;无声地
move silently silently harm
Plastic waste silently harms the environment over many years.
1.3 绿色行动与措施类
英文
音标
词性
中文
用法与搭配
例句
recycle
/ˌriːˈsaɪkl/
v.
回收利用;循环
recycle waste recycled paper
We should recycle paper, glass and plastic.
reduce
/rɪˈdjuːs/
v.
减少;降低
reduce waste reduce pollution
We need to reduce the amount of waste we produce.
reuse
/ˌriːˈjuːz/
v.
重复使用;再用
reuse bags reuse water
I always reuse shopping bags instead of getting new ones.
environment
/ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt/
n.
环境
protect the environment environment-friendly
Everyone should do something to protect the environment.
natural
/ˈnætʃrəl/
adj.
自然的
natural materials natural world
Natural materials are better for the environment than plastic.
develop
/dɪˈveləp/
v.
发展;开发
develop quickly develop new products
We need to develop new ways to recycle waste.
create
/kriˈeɪt/
v.
创造;创建
create jobs create a better world
Recycling can create new products from old materials.
produce
/prəˈdjuːs/
v.
生产;制造
produce waste produce goods
The factory produces hundreds of plastic bottles every minute.
replace
/rɪˈpleɪs/
v.
取代;替换
replace...with... be replaced by
We should replace plastic straws with paper ones.
able
/ˈeɪbl/
adj.
能够;有能力的
be able to do able to help
We are able to make a difference by living a green life.
difficult
/ˈdɪfɪkəlt/
adj.
困难的
it is difficult to do find it difficult
It is not difficult to live a green life if we try.
friendly
/ˈfrendli/
adj.
友好的
environmentally friendly be friendly to
We should use environmentally friendly products.
remind
/rɪˈmaɪnd/
v.
提醒;使想起
remind sb. of sth. remind sb. to do
The poster reminds us to recycle our waste.
manage
/ˈmænɪdʒ/
v.
管理;设法做到
manage to do sth. manage waste
We need to manage our waste more carefully.
二、重点短语与固定搭配(Phrases)
2.1 课文核心短语
短语
中文释义
课文原句/语境
用法提示
live a green life
过绿色生活
It is not difficult to live a green life.
live a...life = 过...的生活,如 live a happy life。
do harm to
对...有害
Plastic waste does great harm to ocean animals.
do harm to = be harmful to,两者可互换。
have an effect on
对...有影响
Pollution has a bad effect on our health.
have an effect on = have an influence on。
on average
平均地
On average, each person uses 300 plastic bags a year.
on average 是副词短语,常放在句首或句中。
be able to do
能够做某事
We are able to make a difference.
be able to = can,但 be able to 可用于各种时态。
manage to do
设法做到;成功做到
We managed to reduce our waste by half.
manage to do = 成功做到(强调结果);try to do = 试图做(不一定成功)。
remind sb. of sth.
使某人想起某事
The poster reminds me of the 3R principle.
remind sb. of sth. = 使某人想起某事;remind sb. to do = 提醒某人做某事。
replace...with...
用...替换...
We should replace plastic straws with paper ones.
replace A with B = 用B替换A。
environmentally friendly
环保的
We should use environmentally friendly products.
environmentally friendly = eco-friendly,形容词短语。
cause pollution
造成污染
Burning waste causes serious pollution.
cause + 名词,表"造成..."。
save energy
节约能源
Turning off lights helps save energy.
save + 名词,表"节约...";save water 节约用水。
reduce waste
减少浪费
We need to reduce waste at home and at school.
reduce + 名词,表"减少..."。
recycle waste
回收废物
Recycling waste can create new products.
recycle + 名词,表"回收..."。
reuse bags
重复使用袋子
I always reuse shopping bags.
reuse + 名词,表"重复使用..."。
develop new ways
开发新方法
We need to develop new ways to recycle.
develop + 名词,表"开发/发展..."。
create a better world
创造更美好的世界
Together we can create a better world.
create a better world/future 是常用表达。
manage waste
管理废物
We need to manage our waste more carefully.
manage + 名词,表"管理..."。
produce goods
生产商品
The factory produces goods from recycled materials.
produce + 名词,表"生产..."。
natural resources
自然资源
Natural resources are not endless.
natural resources 常用复数形式。
electronic waste
电子垃圾
Electronic waste is a growing problem.
electronic waste 简称 e-waste。
plastic pollution
塑料污染
Plastic pollution is harming the ocean.
plastic pollution 是固定搭配,不可数。
make a difference
有影响;起作用
Everyone can make a difference by living green.
make a difference = 带来改变/产生影响。
2.2 短语辨析
短语A
短语B
区别
例句
do harm to
be harmful to
do harm to 中 harm 是名词; be harmful to 中 harmful 是形容词。 两者含义相同,可互换。
Plastic does harm to the ocean. Plastic is harmful to the ocean.
manage to do
try to do
manage to do = 设法成功做到(结果成功); try to do = 试图做(不一定成功)
He managed to finish the work on time. He tried to finish the work but failed.
be able to
can
be able to 可用于各种时态; can 只有现在时和过去时 could。
I am able to help you. I can help you.
cause
reason
cause 指"造成某种结果的直接原因"; reason 指"解释某事为什么发生的理由"
Pollution is the cause of the problem. The reason for the problem is pollution.
effect
affect
effect 是名词,表"影响/效果"; affect 是动词,表"影响"
Pollution has a bad effect on health. Pollution affects our health badly.
三、重点句型(Sentence Patterns)
3.1 八大核心句型
编号
句型
功能
公式 / 课文原句 / 仿写
1
It is + adj. + (for sb.) + to do sth.
表达"做某事对某人是...的"
公式:It is + adj. + (for sb.) + to do sth. 课文:It is not difficult to live a green life. 仿写:It is important for everyone to save energy.
2
S + do harm to + sth./sb.
表达"对...有害"
公式:主语 + do + (adj.) + harm + to + 名词 课文:Plastic waste does great harm to ocean animals. 仿写:Smoking does serious harm to our health.
3
S + have + an effect on + sth.
表达"对...有影响"
公式:主语 + have + a/an + adj. + effect + on + 名词 课文:Pollution has a bad effect on our health. 仿写:Social media has a great effect on young people.
4
S + replace + A + with + B
表达"用B替换A"
公式:主语 + replace + A + with + B 课文:We should replace plastic straws with paper ones. 仿写:They replaced the old machines with new ones.
5
S + remind + sb. + of + sth.
表达"使某人想起某事"
公式:主语 + remind + sb. + of + sth. 课文:The poster reminds me of the 3R principle. 仿写:The photo reminds me of my childhood.
6
S + manage + to do + sth.
表达"设法成功做到某事"
公式:主语 + manage + to do + sth. 课文:We managed to reduce our waste by half. 仿写:She managed to finish the project on time.
7
On average, S + V + ...
表达"平均而言..."
公式:On average, + 主语 + 谓语 + 其余 课文:On average, each person uses 300 plastic bags a year. 仿写:On average, students spend two hours on homework every day.
8
S + be able to + do + sth.
表达"能够做某事"
公式:主语 + be able to + 动词原形 课文:We are able to make a difference by living green. 仿写:With the new technology, we are able to recycle more waste.
3.2 同义句转换
原句
同义句
知识点
Plastic does harm to the ocean.
Plastic is harmful to the ocean.
do harm to = be harmful to。
Pollution has an effect on our health.
Pollution affects our health.
have an effect on = affect(动词)。
We are able to recycle more waste.
We can recycle more waste.
be able to = can。
We should replace plastic with paper.
Plastic should be replaced by paper.
replace A with B 的被动形式。
It is not difficult to live a green life.
Living a green life is not difficult.
it 形式主语与动名词作主语可互换。
四、语法精讲(Grammar)
4.1 构词法概述
【中考考频】构词法是中考词汇考查的重要方式,常出现在完形填空、阅读理解和词汇运用中。掌握构词法可以帮助学生快速扩大词汇量,猜测生词含义。本单元重点学习三种构词法:合成法(Compounding)、派生法(Derivation)、转化法(Conversion)。
构词法(Word Formation)是英语中创造新词的方法。了解构词法可以帮助我们:1)快速扩大词汇量;2)在阅读中猜测生词含义;3)准确理解单词的含义和用法。
4.2 合成法(Compounding)
合成法是将两个或两个以上的词组合成一个新词的方法。合成词的词义通常是各组成部分词义的结合。
一、合成名词(Compound Nouns):
1. 名词 + 名词:classroom(教室),homework(作业),rainforest(雨林),sunlight(阳光)
2. 形容词 + 名词:highway(公路),blackboard(黑板),greenhouse(温室)
3. 动名词 + 名词:swimming pool(游泳池),washing machine(洗衣机)
4. 动词 + 名词:playground(操场),breakfast(早餐)
二、合成形容词(Compound Adjectives):
1. 形容词 + 名词-ed:warm-hearted(热心的),kind-hearted(好心的)
2. 形容词 + 分词:good-looking(好看的),easy-going(随和的)
3. 名词 + 分词:man-made(人造的),environment-friendly(环保的)
4. 副词 + 分词:well-known(著名的),hard-working(勤劳的)
三、合成代词(Compound Pronouns):
some/any/no/every + body/one/thing:somebody(某人),anything(任何事物),nobody(没有人),everything(一切)
4.3 派生法(Derivation)
派生法是通过在词根(root)上添加前缀(prefix)或后缀(suffix)来构成新词的方法。
一、常见前缀:
前缀
含义
例词
例词含义
un-
不;相反
unable, unhappy, unhealthy
不能的,不快乐的,不健康的
dis-
不;相反
disappear, disagree, dislike
消失,不同意,不喜欢
re-
再;重新
recycle, reuse, return, rebuild
回收,重复使用,返回,重建
im-/in-
不
impossible, impolite, incorrect
不可能的,不礼貌的,不正确的
en-
使...
enable, encourage, enlarge
使能够,鼓励,扩大
mis-
错误地
misunderstand, misuse, mislead
误解,误用,误导
二、常见后缀:
后缀
词性转换
例词
例词含义
-tion/-sion
动词→名词
pollution, protection, creation
污染,保护,创造
-ment
动词→名词
development, environment, management
发展,环境,管理
-ness
形容词→名词
happiness, kindness, illness
幸福,善良,疾病
-ful
名词→形容词
harmful, helpful, useful, careful
有害的,有帮助的,有用的,仔细的
-less
名词→形容词
homeless, careless, endless
无家可归的,粗心的,无尽的
-able/-ible
动词→形容词
recyclable, reusable, enjoyable
可回收的,可重复使用的,令人愉快的
-ly
形容词→副词
silently, quickly, carefully
无声地,快速地,仔细地
-ly
名词→形容词
friendly, lovely, lively
友好的,可爱的,活泼的
-er/-or
动词→名词
worker, teacher, actor, visitor
工人,教师,演员,游客
-al
名词→形容词
natural, environmental, personal
自然的,环境的,个人的
-ous
名词→形容词
dangerous, famous, serious
危险的,著名的,严肃的
4.4 转化法(Conversion)
转化法是指一个单词从一种词类转化为另一种词类而词形不发生变化的方法。
一、名词转化为动词:
名词(原义)
动词(转化义)
名词例句
动词例句
waste(废物)
waste(浪费)
We produce too much waste.
Don't waste water.
burn(烧伤)
burn(燃烧)
He got a burn on his hand.
Don't burn plastic.
cause(原因)
cause(造成)
What is the cause of the problem?
Pollution causes health problems.
harm(伤害)
harm(伤害)
Plastic does great harm to animals.
Plastic harms animals.
use(用途)
use(使用)
What is the use of this tool?
We should use fewer plastic bags.
form(形式)
form(形成)
Pollution comes in many forms.
A new habit is forming.
二、形容词转化为动词:
形容词(原义)
动词(转化义)
形容词例句
动词例句
clean(干净的)
clean(清洁)
The river is clean.
We clean the river every week.
empty(空的)
empty(倒空)
The bottle is empty.
Please empty the bottle.
free(自由的)
free(释放)
The birds are free.
They freed the birds.
dry(干的)
dry(弄干)
The clothes are dry.
Dry your hands with a towel.
4.5 构词法综合对比表
构词法
定义
特点
本单元重点例词
合成法
两个或两个以上的词组合成一个新词
词形变化明显,由多个词组成
environment-friendly, man-made, electronic waste, greenhouse
派生法
在词根上添加前缀或后缀构成新词
词根不变,前后缀变化
recycle, reuse, pollution, harmful, silently, natural, development
转化法
一个词从一种词类转化为另一种词类
词形完全不变,词性改变
waste (n./v.), harm (n./v.), cause (n./v.), clean (adj./v.)
五、单元话题写作(Writing)
5.1 写作任务:How to live a green life
本单元写作任务是以"How to live a green life"(如何过绿色生活)为主题,写一篇关于绿色生活方式的短文。可以从减少浪费(reduce)、重复使用(reuse)、回收利用(recycle)三个方面来阐述,也可以结合自己的实际生活经验。要求:80-120词,结构清晰,语言通顺,可适当使用构词法知识丰富词汇表达。
5.2 写作框架
段落
内容
可用句型
示例
第一段
引出话题:点出绿色生活的重要性
Living a green life is important because... It is not difficult to... Everyone can...
Living a green life is important for the environment. It is not difficult to make a change if we try.
第二段
主体内容:具体做法(Reduce, Reuse, Recycle)
First, we should reduce... Second, we can reuse... Third, we need to recycle... We should replace...with...
First, we should reduce the waste we produce. We can say no to plastic bags. Second, we can reuse things like shopping bags and bottles. Third, we need to recycle paper, glass and plastic.
第三段
总结升华:呼吁行动,表达信心
In conclusion, ... If we all..., the world will... We are able to make a difference.
In conclusion, if we all live a green life, the world will become a better place. We are able to make a difference.
5.3 范文
【范文一】基础版(约90词)—— How to live a green life
Living a green life is not difficult. Everyone can do something to help the environment.
First, we should reduce the waste we produce. For example, we can use fewer plastic bags and bring our own shopping bags. Second, we should reuse things. I always reuse water bottles and shopping bags. Third, we need to recycle paper, glass, and plastic. Recycling can create new products from old materials.
In conclusion, if we all follow the 3R rule — Reduce, Reuse, Recycle — we can make the earth a cleaner and better place. Let's start living a green life today!
【范文二】提升版(约130词)—— How to live a green life
Have you ever thought about how much waste you produce every day? On average, each person throws away about 2 kilograms of waste daily. This is a serious problem, but we are able to make a difference by living a green life.
The 3R principle — Reduce, Reuse, Recycle — is a helpful guide. First, we should reduce waste by saying no to single-use plastic products. I always carry a reusable water bottle and refuse plastic straws. Second, we should reuse things instead of throwing them away. Old clothes can be turned into cleaning cloths, and glass jars can be used for storage. Third, we must recycle properly. Separating waste into different bins helps recycling factories process materials more efficiently.
Living a green life is not about being perfect. It is about making small changes every day. If everyone does their part, we will create a better world for ourselves and future generations. Remember: every small action counts!
5.4 写作好词好句积累
类别
表达
适用场景
引出话题
Living a green life is... It is important to... Have you ever thought about...?
开头引出绿色生活话题
描述3R原则
First, we should reduce... Second, we can reuse... Third, we need to recycle...
按3R原则列出具体做法
具体做法
We should say no to... We can replace...with... I always carry/bring...
描述具体环保行动
表达重要性
It is not difficult to... Everyone can make a difference. Every small action counts.
强调每个人都能发挥作用
总结呼吁
In conclusion, ... If we all..., we will... Let's start...today!
结尾总结与呼吁
六、易错点与难点突破(Common Mistakes)
编号
易错点
错误示例
正确写法
原因分析
1
harm 与 harmful 词性混淆
x Plastic is harm to the ocean.
v Plastic is harmful to the ocean. v Plastic does harm to the ocean.
harm 是名词/动词,harmful 是形容词。is harmful to = does harm to。
2
effect 与 affect 混淆
x Pollution effects our health.
v Pollution affects our health. v Pollution has an effect on our health.
effect 是名词,affect 是动词。常用搭配:have an effect on = affect。
3
manage to do 与 try to do 混淆
x He managed to pass the exam but failed.
v He tried to pass the exam but failed.
manage to do 表示"成功做到",结果必须是成功的;try to do 只表示"试图",不强调结果。
4
recycle 与 reuse 含义混淆
x I recycle my shopping bags every time I go shopping.
v I reuse my shopping bags every time I go shopping.
recycle = 回收后加工成新产品;reuse = 直接再次使用。reuse 是"重复使用",recycle 是"回收利用"。
5
waste 作名词与动词用法混淆
x Don't do waste of water.
v Don't waste water.
waste 作动词直接接宾语(waste water);作名词时用 a waste of(a waste of water)。
6
remind sb. of 介词错用
x The poster reminds me about the 3R principle.
v The poster reminds me of the 3R principle.
remind sb. of sth. 是固定搭配,介词用 of 不用 about。
7
派生词后缀选择错误
x The develop of technology is fast.
v The development of technology is fast.
develop 是动词,加后缀 -ment 构成名词 development。
8
派生词前缀选择错误
x This bottle is inrecyclable.
v This bottle is unrecyclable.
recyclable 的反义词是 unrecyclable,前缀用 un-,不用 in-。
9
转化法误用词性
x The pollute in the river is serious.
v The pollution in the river is serious.
pollute 是动词,名词形式是 pollution(加后缀 -tion),不是直接用 pollute 作名词。
10
合成形容词连字符漏用
x We should use environment friendly products.
v We should use environment-friendly products.
合成形容词作定语时通常加连字符,environment-friendly = 环保的。
七、文化常识(Culture Link)
7.1 3R原则(Reduce, Reuse, Recycle)
3R原则是国际公认的环保理念,倡导人们在日常生活中减少浪费、重复使用和回收利用资源。它最早在20世纪70年代环保运动中提出,如今已成为全球环保教育的重要内容。
Reduce(减少):从源头上减少废弃物的产生。例如,减少一次性塑料制品的使用,选择可重复使用的产品。据统计,全球每年生产约3亿吨塑料,其中约一半是一次性塑料制品。
Reuse(重复使用):将物品多次使用而不是用完即弃。例如,用玻璃瓶代替塑料瓶,用布袋代替塑料袋。在日本,许多人会带着自己的便当盒(bento box)和筷子,减少外卖包装的浪费。
Recycle(回收利用):将废弃物分类回收,加工成新的产品。例如,废纸可以回收制成再生纸,塑料瓶可以回收制成衣物纤维。德国的垃圾分类系统非常严格,居民需要将垃圾分为多个类别,回收率居世界前列。
7.2 世界各地的绿色生活方式(Green living around the world)
不同国家的人们以不同的方式践行绿色生活:
瑞典:瑞典是世界上回收率最高的国家之一,超过99%的家庭垃圾被回收或转化为能源。瑞典人甚至从其他国家进口垃圾用于发电。
日本:日本有着严格的垃圾分类制度,每个社区都有详细的垃圾分类指南。在一些城市,垃圾需要分为多达几十个类别。
荷兰:荷兰是自行车王国,全国有超过2200万辆自行车。许多荷兰人选择骑自行车出行,减少了碳排放。
哥斯达黎加:哥斯达黎加是世界上可再生能源使用比例最高的国家之一,超过98%的电力来自可再生能源。
这些例子告诉我们,绿色生活不是一句口号,而是可以通过具体行动实现的生活方式。每个人都可以从身边的小事做起,为保护地球环境贡献自己的力量。
7.3 关于环保的名言
名言(英文)
名言(中文)
作者
The greatest threat to our planet is the belief that someone else will save it.
对我们星球最大的威胁,就是认为别人会拯救它。
Robert Swan(罗伯特·斯旺)
We do not inherit the earth from our ancestors; we borrow it from our children.
我们不是从祖先那里继承了地球,而是从子孙那里借来的。
Native American Proverb
There is no such thing as 'away'. When we throw anything away, it must go somewhere.
不存在"扔掉"这回事。当我们扔掉任何东西,它一定去了某个地方。
Annie Leonard(安妮·伦纳德)
Small acts, when multiplied by millions of people, can transform the world.
微小的行动,乘以数百万人,就能改变世界。
Howard Zinn(霍华德·津恩)
7.4 绿色生活相关英文表达
中文含义
英文表达
例句
碳足迹
carbon footprint
We can reduce our carbon footprint by walking instead of driving.
可持续发展
sustainable development
Sustainable development is key to our future.
可再生能源
renewable energy
Wind and solar power are forms of renewable energy.
零浪费
zero waste
The zero waste movement encourages people to produce as little waste as possible.
环保产品
eco-friendly products
More people are choosing eco-friendly products.
一次性塑料
single-use plastic
Many countries have banned single-use plastic bags.
垃圾分类
waste sorting
Waste sorting helps recycle more materials.
八、单元自测(Self-check)
(本部分为"学生版",不含答案。参考答案与解析见附录。)
第一部分:基础过关(20题)
一、根据首字母或汉语提示写出单词(10分)
1. We should use fewer p______(塑料)bags to protect the environment.
2. E______(电子的)waste is a growing problem around the world.
3. We need to r______(减少)the amount of waste we produce.
4. I always r______(重复使用)shopping bags instead of getting new ones.
5. We should r______(回收)paper, glass and plastic.
6. Burning waste c______(造成)serious air pollution.
7. Natural r______(资源)are not endless.
8. Plastic waste does great h______(伤害)to ocean animals.
9. We should use environmentally f______(友好的)products.
10. Plastic pollution is a s______(严重的)problem.
二、用所给词的适当形式填空(5分,注意构词法)
11. air ______ (pollute) is a serious problem in many cities.
12. We need to find new ways to ______ (cycle) waste.
13. The ______ (develop) of new technology helps us save energy.
14. Plastic is ______ (harm) to the environment.
15. The factory ______ (product) hundreds of plastic bottles every minute.
三、选词填空(5分)
(replace...with / remind...of / manage to / do harm to / have an effect on)
16. We should ______ plastic straws ______ paper ones.
17. The poster ______ me ______ the 3R principle.
18. We ______ ______ reduce our waste by half last year.
19. Plastic waste ______ great ______ ______ ocean animals.
20. Pollution ______ a bad ______ ______ our health.
第二部分:能力提升(10题)
四、单项选择(5分)
21. The word "recycle" is formed by ______.
A. compounding B. derivation C. conversion D. abbreviation
22. Which of the following words is formed by conversion?
A. harmful B. reuse C. waste (n. & v.) D. environment-friendly
23. Plastic does great harm ______ ocean animals.
A. for B. to C. on D. at
24. We managed ______ our waste by half last year.
A. reduce B. reducing C. to reduce D. reduced
25. Which of the following sentences is CORRECT?
A. Plastic is harm to the ocean.
B. Pollution effects our health badly.
C. We should replace plastic bags with cloth ones.
D. The poster reminds me about the 3R principle.
五、句型转换(5分)
26. Plastic is harmful to the ocean.(改为同义句,用 do harm to)
Plastic ______ ______ ______ the ocean.
27. Pollution affects our health badly.(改为同义句,用 have an effect on)
Pollution ______ a bad ______ ______ our health.
28. We should replace plastic bags with cloth ones.(改为被动语态)
Plastic bags ______ ______ ______ with cloth ones.
29. It is not difficult to live a green life.(改为同义句,用动名词作主语)
______ a green life ______ not difficult.
30. We are able to make a difference.(改为同义句,用 can)
We ______ ______ a difference.
附录:参考答案与详细解析
(本部分为"教师版",供教师批改和讲解使用。)
基础过关答案
题号
答案
解析
1
plastic
plastic bags 塑料袋,plastic 可作名词(塑料)或形容词(塑料的)。
2
Electronic
Electronic waste 电子垃圾,注意首字母大写,拼写 E-lec-tron-ic。
3
reduce
reduce waste 减少浪费,reduce 是动词,3R中的第一个R。
4
reuse
reuse 重复使用,是派生法构词(re- + use),3R中的第二个R。
5
recycle
recycle 回收利用,是派生法构词(re- + cycle),3R中的第三个R。
6
causes
cause 造成,主语是动名词短语 Burning waste,谓语用第三人称单数 causes。
7
resources
natural resources 自然资源,常用复数形式。
8
harm
do great harm to 对...造成巨大伤害,harm 在此是名词。
9
friendly
environmentally friendly 环保的,合成形容词。
10
serious
a serious problem 一个严重的问题,serious 是形容词。
11
pollution
air pollution 空气污染,pollute 的派生名词形式是 pollution(加后缀 -tion)。
12
recycle
recycle waste 回收废物,re-(重新)+ cycle(循环)= 回收利用。
13
development
the development of... 的发展,develop 的派生名词形式是 development(加后缀 -ment)。
14
harmful
be harmful to 对...有害,harm 的派生形容词形式是 harmful(加后缀 -ful)。
15
produces
produce hundreds of bottles 生产数百个瓶子,主语 factory 是单数,用 produces。
16
replace; with
replace A with B 用B替换A,should 后接动词原形。
17
reminds; of
remind sb. of sth. 使某人想起某事,主语 poster 是单数,用 reminds。
18
managed to
manage to do 成功做到,last year 提示用过去式 managed。
19
does; harm to
do great harm to 对...造成巨大伤害,主语是单数概念,用 does。
20
has; effect on
have a bad effect on 对...有不良影响,主语是单数概念,用 has。
能力提升答案
题号
答案
解析
21
B. derivation
recycle = re-(前缀,再/重新)+ cycle(词根,循环),属于派生法。A 合成法是两个独立词组合;C 转化法是词性转换不改变词形。
22
C. waste (n. & v.)
waste 既可作名词(废物)也可作动词(浪费),词形不变词性改变,是转化法。A harmful 是派生法(harm + -ful);B reuse 是派生法(re- + use);D environment-friendly 是合成法。
23
B. to
do harm to 是固定搭配,介词用 to,不用 for/on/at。
24
C. to reduce
manage to do sth. 是固定搭配,manage 后接动词不定式,不能接动名词或动词原形。
25
C
A 错在 harm 是名词,应用 harmful(形容词);B 错在 effect 是名词,应用 affect(动词);D 错在 remind sb. of 是固定搭配,介词用 of 不用 about;C 正确:replace A with B 用B替换A。
26
does harm to
is harmful to = does harm to,两者可互换。主语 Plastic 是第三人称单数,用 does。
27
has; effect on
affect(动词)= have an effect on,主语 Pollution 是单数,用 has。
28
should be replaced
replace A with B 的被动形式:A should be replaced with B。
29
Living; is
it 形式主语结构可转换为动名词作主语,Living a green life 是动名词短语作主语,谓语用单数 is。
30
can make
be able to = can,两者可互换,后接动词原形 make。
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