湖北武汉市四区2025-2026学年下学期期末考试高一英语试卷

高一英语 选择题部分 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分） 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段录音。每段录音后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段录音后，你都有10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段录音播放两遍。 1. What will Linda do first? A. Walk her dog. B. Finish her homework. C. Buy some milk. 2. What are the speakers mainly talking about? A. A weekend plan. B. A new library. C. A camping experience. 3. Where does the conversation probably take place? A. At an airport. B. In a gallery. C. In a library. 4. How does the woman find the rule now? A. Unfair. B. Strict. C. Helpful. 5. What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A. Schoolmates. B. Neighbors. C. Relatives. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段录音。每段录音后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段录音前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段录音播放两遍。 听第6段录音，回答第6、7题。 6. Who will Kim meet tonight? A. University classmates. B. Former co-workers. C. Old friends. 7. How does the man sound? A. Annoyed. B. Envious. C. Shocked. 听第7段录音，回答第8至10题。 8. When should the speakers meet at the park? A. At 9:00 a.m. B. At 9:15 a.m. C. At 8:45 a.m. 9. What should the speakers bring? A. Plastic bags. B. Drinking water. C. Gloves. 10. How will the man go to the park? A. By bus. B. By car. C. By bike. 听第8段录音，回答第11至13题。 11. What does the woman think of the concert? A. Amazing. B. Plain. C. Smooth. 12. What impressed the woman most at the concert? A. The guitar performance. B. The audience engagement. C. The stage setting. 13. What do we know about the man? A. He dislikes rock music. B. He can’t afford the ticket. C. He missed the concert. 听第9段录音，回答第14至17题。 14. What happened to the woman? A. She couldn’t find her phone. B. She lost her way. C. She failed to catch the bus. 15. How does the man help the woman? A. By lending his phone. B. By calling her friend. C. By sharing his map. 16. What is the weather like now? A. Sunny. B. Windy. C. Rainy. 17. What will the woman do right after getting to the gate? A. Make a call. B. Check the bus stop. C. Buy a new battery. 听第10段录音，回答第18至20题。 18. What is the main purpose of the speech? A. To raise funds for a club. B. To share a reading method. C. To introduce a reading club. 19. What is required for club members? A. Finishing the required books. B. Writing reading notes. C. Buying new books monthly. 20. What can students learn from senior members? A. Choices of books. B. Skills of note-taking. C. Rules of the club. 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Weekend Trade School Classes More adults are changing jobs or upskilling while holding full-time jobs. Weekend and evening trade school programs make it easier to train without giving up your paycheck. Who benefits most: •Parents who can’t attend weekday classes. •Workers looking for high-paying trades. •Adult learners wanting flexible training. •Job changers finding new jobs while employed. Weekend schedules are often shortened, allowing students to finish hands-on training in 6-12 months. How to Choose the Best Weekend Trade School •Check official rules: Look for local government permission. •Confirm Licensing: Make sure coursework meets your state’s licensing requirements. •Ask About job results: Strong schools have partnerships with local employers. •Compare Class Sizes: Smaller labs mean more hands-on guidance. •Consider Mixed Options: Online lectures with weekend in-person labs save time. Example Schools Offering Weekend Programs School Location Skills Offered Form Lincoln Tech Nationwide HVAC, Electrical, Welding Weekends + Evenings Penn Foster Online + Labs Electrical, Plumbing, Carpentry Flexible mixed form Local Community Colleges Statewide Multiple Trades Weekend Labs IBEW Apprenticeships Statewide Electrical Saturday Coursework + Paid Training Steps to Get Started 1. Research programs on TradeCareerPath.com. 2. Contact admissions for training schedules. 3. Apply early; weekend seats fill fast. 4. Seek financial support or tuition aid. 5. Start training without giving up your day job. Weekend trade school classes are the fastest path to a new career for busy adults. Whether you want to learn practical work skills for a new job, weekend programs give you flexibility without losing quality. 1. Who is likely to sign up for weekend courses? A. Adults preferring regular training. B. A mother unavailable on weekdays. C. Workers satisfied with current wage. D. Job changers quitting jobs for full study. 2. Which provides flexible electrical learning courses? A. Lincoln Tech. B. Penn Foster. C. Local Community Colleges. D. IBEW Apprenticeships. 3. What advice is given to applicants? A. Sign up for the training soon. B. Give up day jobs ahead of time. C. Check course schedules online. D. Pay all tuition fees in advance. B Being devoted to native plants may not seem like a way for success as a social media influencer. But let’s meet Kyle Lybarger. Born and raised in Alabama, Lybarger has found unexpected internet popularity by introducing his followers to the little-known world of southeastern native plants. When asked, Lybarger says his social media success is due to a firm belief, a positive energy he gained from his late dad and, largely, not worrying about what others think. It all started with what Lybarger now recognizes as a terrible error. About a decade ago, when managing a private forest, he poured it with chemicals to plant food for wildlife, yet the seeds failed to grow. However, wild flowers came into sight on the untreated edges of the land. After he posted photos of the flowers on Facebook, a local scientist named Kevin contacted him. Lybarger realized that he had killed off an area with a wild seed bank of countless species that were ideal for attracting wildlife. In 2023, he partnered with an artist to design a T-shirt featuring the plant, hoping to raise money for plant preservation. “We ended up raising over $100,000 just from T-shirts,” Lybarger says. He used most of it to buy a large piece of land where the wild native populations grew, saving the plants’ living environment from destruction. “The remaining $20,000 or so will go toward similar projects in the future,” he says. But he thinks his biggest contribution comes through education on social media, influencing people to grow the native plants. “One person, one yard, one-tenth of an acre can make a bigger difference than you think,” he says. 4. What mainly contributes to Kyle’s online success? A. Rich knowledge of native plants. B. Inspiration from his late father. C. Ignorance of others’ comments. D. Early experience in plant protection. 5. What drove Kyle to protect native plants? A. Personal interest in wildlife. B. Expectation from his family. C. Suggestions from the local scientist. D. Reflection on his former mistake. 6. Which of the following best describes Kyle? A. Creative and practical. B. Determined and selfish. C. Reflective and direct. D. Hard-working and curious. 7. What does Kyle stress in the last paragraph? A. Rome was not built in one day. B. Small efforts can create great influence. C. It is never too late to correct one’s mistake. D. Environmental work needs money and support. C One of the great hopes for AI — at least, among workers — is that it will cut down workloads, freeing people up for more high-level, creative pursuits. So far, the opposite is happening, new data show. In fact, AI is increasing the speed, strength and difficulty of work rather than reducing it, according to an analysis of 164,000 workers’ digital work activity. Examining AI users’ digital activity 180 days before and after they began using such tools on the job, ActivTrak found AI intensified activity across nearly every type: The time they spent on email, messaging and chat apps more than doubled, while their use of business-management tools, such as accounting software, rose 94%. Meanwhile, the amount of time AI users devoted to focused work — the kind of concentration often required for figuring out tough problems, creative work — fell 9%, compared with nearly no change for nonusers. Yet, evidence so far suggests that many AI users aren’t using the technology’s advantages to give themselves a break. The ActivTrak analysis backs up findings of an eight-month study on how AI is shaping work habits at a tech company with about 200 employees. The research, still under way, has so far found the tools didn’t reduce work, but increased it. The employees worked at faster paces, took on broader areas of tasks and ended up working more hours. People often end up doing more work, not less, “because AI makes additional tasks feel easy and accessible, creating a sense of progress,” said a professor at the University of California, Berkeley’s Haas School of Business, who is leading that study. The former findings were published in a recent Harvard Business Review article. Such changes in behavior may improve productivity but they should also be a warning sign to employers, he says. “Over time this can lead to burnout, poorer decision-making, and falling work quality, even if workers appear more productive in the short run.” 8. What is the main contrast mentioned in Paragraph 1? A. Creative pursuits vs daily digital work. B. Workload before vs after AI application. C. Expected AI benefits vs real work effects. D. Hoped workload cut vs faster working speed. 9. What does the underlined word “intensified” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Strengthened. B. Diversified. C. Simplified. D. Controlled. 10. Why can’t AI users reduce working hours? A. Employers add extra AI task. B. Workers underuse AI’s productivity. C. AI takes users more time on hard work. D. AI simplifies tasks, bringing more work. 11. Which is the most suitable title for the text? A. More production from AI B. The negative impacts of AI C. AI’s hidden cost for workers D. AI’s effect on creative work D Most cancer deaths occur when diseased cells spread from their original location in the body. They can often be treated in the early stages, but once the cancer has spread, “everything is much more difficult, and treatment success really reduces,” says a professor at the University of Oxford. The lungs are one of the most common sites for cancer to spread to, which has made the illnesses like flu and the common cold an area of considerable interest to scientists. A recent study offers a surprising answer: a simple cold virus, usually causing usual breathing troubles, could help delay the spread of cancer to the lungs. In the study, researchers tested the influence of a common virus that leads to colds in people. They found that when the virus is active in the lungs, it creates an environment that makes it hard for cancer cells to settle and grow. Unlike direct cancer-killing treatments, this natural method works by helping the body’s own defense system work better, rather than attacking cancer cells directly. Experiments on mice have shown that the cold virus causes the lung cells to produce a special protein that strengthens the body’s defense. It acts like a natural protective wall, stopping moving cancer cells from causing new growths in the lung tissue. However, once the cells have entered the lungs, the virus has little effect on their growth. This comes after another recent study found that the viruses behind flu may speed up the growth of cancer cells that have been lying inactive after spreading to the lungs from elsewhere. Although the study is still at an early stage, the researchers are hopeful about its future value. They believe this discovery could lead to low-cost, safe ways to prevent cancer spread, especially for patients at high risk. Still, they warn that people should not take unnecessary risks with colds. More clinical tests will be needed before the finding can be used in real medical practice. 12. What’s the purpose of Paragraph 1? A. To stress the lung’s great importance. B. To show the main findings of the study. C. To warn people of cancer’s great danger. D. To give background and introduce the topic. 13. What’s the study’s finding on the cold virus? A. It can kill cancer cells directly. B. It destroys the body’s defense. C. It helps produce protective materials. D. It stops cancer cells growing in lungs. 14. What is the main idea of Paragraph 3? A. Cold virus fails to stop cancer fully. B. Some viruses speed up cancer cells. C. Cold viruses slow down cancer spread. D. Viruses affect cancer in different ways. 15. What’s the researchers’ attitude towards the study? A. Hopeful. B. Careful. C. Doubtful. D. Unconcerned. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 How to Become Confident For most of us, self-confidence isn’t just something that falls out of the sky. ____16____ Fortunately, by following specific habits and practicing certain beliefs, you can improve your self-esteem and go through life with higher self-confidence. ● ____17____ Truly confident people never pretend to be the wisest person around them. Instead of showing off their knowledge to impress others, they keep curious, ask questions actively and keep learning all the time. This humble attitude makes them more popular and helps them become wiser in the process of communication and study. ●Make more eye contact A scientific study has proved the close link between self-confidence and eye contact. People with low self-esteem often avoid continuous eye contact during communication. ____18____ Proper eye contact shows one’s sincerity and concentration, creates effective emotional communication, and greatly strengthens interpersonal trust between people. ●Practice open body language Body language is a direct and obvious reflection of one’s inner confidence. Confident people always keep open and relaxed body gestures, while insecure people tend to make themselves look small and reserved. Body language and confidence influence each other mutually. Simple practice of open gestures can greatly help people rebuild inner confidence gradually. ____19____ ●Don’t care much about other people’s opinions ____20____ It is from being afraid of others’ thought. We care too much about other people’s opinions. Highly confident people, on the other hand, don’t care much about the opinions of others. They aren’t bothered with trying to impress others. They don’t care much if someone thinks what they wear, say, or do is stupid. A. Try to bravely bring out the best in you. B. Stop forcing yourself to be perfectly right. C. Lack of confidence influences many aspects of our daily life. D. But improper behaviors will slowly damage your confidence. E. Instead, confident people usually keep looking at you while talking. F. Low confidence is not mainly because we think poorly of ourselves. G. However, active communication is the key to building personal confidence. 第三部分 语言运用（共两节；满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 “When I was little, I always had a strong ____21____ for buildings,” said Edna Blaise, 29, from Haiti, “but it was not until I started my journey in China that I realized Chinese ____22____ has so many things to offer.” Blaise is ____23____ studying architecture in Beijing. Before coming to China, Blaise ____24____ the local buildings to be in a traditional style just like the ones she would ____25____ when watching movies. “But after I came here, I realized that it’s more developed now,” said Blaise. It was her interest in geometry and math as well as her love for art that ____26____ her to study architecture, with the subject ____27____ combining these two fields. Although being a foreign student in China can lead to academic ____28____, Blaise noted that her classmates were always friendly and the teachers were ____29____. Blaise said that the teacher would keep working to improve the design with her team until the final product was completed. “Outside of class, I like to go to different places around the city. I’m hoping to find some ____30____ from these beautiful landmarks,” Blaise said. She usually has her camera with her on these trips, ____31____ interesting details of the buildings. By doing this, she can gradually learn from Chinese traditional architecture and ____32____ traditional ideas into her designs. Blaise noted that she might start her architecture journey in her own country as architects are currently in high ____33____ when finding a job. “I am still finding a way to try to combine old and modern architecture together,” Blaise said, adding that she wished to ____34____ the traditional designs in modern technology to ____35____ something more interesting and innovative.” 21. A. passion B. talent C. respect D. reputation 22. A. heritage B. tradition C. architecture D. literature 23. A. eventually B. currently C. instantly D. basically 24. A. expected B. recognized C. identified D. realized 25. A. discover B. observe C. describe D. explore 26. A. accepted B. forced C. motivated D. appointed 27. A. obviously B. simply C. mainly D. perfectly 28. A. challenges B. adventures C. achievements D. solutions 29. A. indifferent B. curious C. intelligent D. patient 30. A. disappointment B. inspiration C. assistance D. preparation 31. A. celebrating B. adding C. capturing D. wondering 32. A. transform B. fall C. pour D. mix 33. A. quality B. spirit C. standard D. demand 34. A. generate B. adapt C. employ D. launch 35. A. put up with B. come up with C. look forward to D. sign up for 非选择题部分 注意：将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Jiangzhou Chengni inkstone in Shanxi is one of China’s most famous inkstones. It is famous for its fine characteristic and is gentle to writing brushes. ____36____ inkstones made from natural stone, it is made with mud from the Fenhe River. The ancient craft ____37____ (list) as a national intangible cultural heritage in 2008. The craft dates back to the Han Dynasty, ____38____ making skills were once lost during the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. In 1986, local craftsmen decided to revive it. They read historical papers, walked along the riverbed ____39____ (collect) suitable mud and tried hundreds of times. ____40____ (go) through countless failures, they finally succeeded in 1991. It takes over 10 steps to make an inkstone. Mud filtering is a key step, and the mud must be ____41____ (repeat) filtered until it feels like powder. Besides, the kiln (窑) temperature matters a lot. It cannot be too high, ____42____ the inkstone will be ruined. Nowadays, a cultural park ____43____ (stand) in Shanxi to spread the craft. Thousands of people come here to spend days ____44____ (learn) the traditional skill. Passing on the old craft is ____45____ best way to keep ancient Chinese culture alive. 第四部分 写作（共两节；满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 46. 学校正在筹划将课间十分钟真正归还给学生。为丰富课间活动内容，你校英语社团现面向全体同学征集创意提案。请你以“A Creative Plan for Our Ten-minute Break”为题，写一篇英语短文投稿。内容包括： 1. 目前存在的问题； 2. 你的建议及意义。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80个左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 A Creative Plan for Our Ten-minute Break __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节（满分25分） 47. 读后续写 I’d always been told to take care of my older brother, Brian, who was born weak and small. I’d often tie his shoes or prepare another glass of water for him. My mom saw my larger size and strong body as a sign that I was to be a kind of guardian angel (守护天使) for Brian. However, that was not the case. One day our school sponsored a pumpkin-carving contest. First prize was $100, and I knew just how I would spend it. There was a brand-new game I was dying to own. So I decided the first place bonus definitely had to land in my pocket. When I had to carve the perfect pumpkin I’d picked out, it dawned on me that with my big clumsy fingers I’d surely screw it up (搞砸). I thought of Brian’s smaller, delicate hands and knew he was the man for the job. I immediately begged Brian. Unexpectedly, he asked for a cut. That was fifty-fifty. Quickly doing the math in my head, I figured out even if I split (分摊) the first prize, I’d still have enough cash for the game. So I gave in to Brian’s demands. With skillful hands Brian carved the perfect face, and now we had the best pumpkin ever. Then the unexpected happened: We came in second. Unfortunately, second prize was only $50, and I needed every penny of that to buy the game. The day of the awards ceremony, the principal handed over the money to me because Brian was home, sick with cold. If he really wanted to win, he would have been here today, I thought to myself, justifying stealing the cash from under poor Brian’s runny nose. With hardly a thought, I ran to the store and bought my dream game. That night when Brian asked if we had won, I denied, afraid to look into his eyes. The whole thing was never mentioned again until the day when Brian was packing for college. I played my usual role in helping him pack when I came across an old album filled with photos he had taken as the school photographer. 注意： (1)续写词数应为150左右； (2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Paragraph 1: I was enjoying the photos when one caught my eye. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2: “You actually knew and didn’t say anything?“ I was shocked. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 高一英语 选择题部分 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分） 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段录音。每段录音后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段录音后，你都有10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段录音播放两遍。 1. What will Linda do first? A. Walk her dog. B. Finish her homework. C. Buy some milk. 2. What are the speakers mainly talking about? A. A weekend plan. B. A new library. C. A camping experience. 3. Where does the conversation probably take place? A. At an airport. B. In a gallery. C. In a library. 4. How does the woman find the rule now? A. Unfair. B. Strict. C. Helpful. 5. What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A. Schoolmates. B. Neighbors. C. Relatives. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段录音。每段录音后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段录音前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段录音播放两遍。 听第6段录音，回答第6、7题。 6. Who will Kim meet tonight? A. University classmates. B. Former co-workers. C. Old friends. 7. How does the man sound? A. Annoyed. B. Envious. C. Shocked. 听第7段录音，回答第8至10题。 8. When should the speakers meet at the park? A. At 9:00 a.m. B. At 9:15 a.m. C. At 8:45 a.m. 9. What should the speakers bring? A. Plastic bags. B. Drinking water. C. Gloves. 10. How will the man go to the park? A. By bus. B. By car. C. By bike. 听第8段录音，回答第11至13题。 11. What does the woman think of the concert? A. Amazing. B. Plain. C. Smooth. 12. What impressed the woman most at the concert? A. The guitar performance. B. The audience engagement. C. The stage setting. 13. What do we know about the man? A. He dislikes rock music. B. He can’t afford the ticket. C. He missed the concert. 听第9段录音，回答第14至17题。 14. What happened to the woman? A. She couldn’t find her phone. B. She lost her way. C. She failed to catch the bus. 15. How does the man help the woman? A. By lending his phone. B. By calling her friend. C. By sharing his map. 16. What is the weather like now? A. Sunny. B. Windy. C. Rainy. 17. What will the woman do right after getting to the gate? A. Make a call. B. Check the bus stop. C. Buy a new battery. 听第10段录音，回答第18至20题。 18. What is the main purpose of the speech? A. To raise funds for a club. B. To share a reading method. C. To introduce a reading club. 19. What is required for club members? A. Finishing the required books. B. Writing reading notes. C. Buying new books monthly. 20. What can students learn from senior members? A. Choices of books. B. Skills of note-taking. C. Rules of the club. 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A 【1~3题答案】 【答案】1. B 2. B 3. A B 【4~7题答案】 【答案】4. C 5. D 6. A 7. B C 【8~11题答案】 【答案】8. C 9. A 10. D 11. C D 【12~15题答案】 【答案】12. D 13. C 14. D 15. B 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 【16~20题答案】 【答案】16. C 17. B 18. E 19. D 20. F 第三部分 语言运用（共两节；满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 【21~35题答案】 【答案】21. A 22. C 23. B 24. A 25. B 26. C 27. D 28. A 29. D 30. B 31. C 32. D 33. D 34. C 35. B 非选择题部分 注意：将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 【36~45题答案】 【答案】36. Unlike 37. was listed 38. whose 39. to collect 40. Having gone 41. repeatedly 42. or##otherwise 43. stands 44. learning 45. the 第四部分 写作（共两节；满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 【46题答案】 【答案】【参考范文】 A Creative Plan for Our Ten-minute Break Now most students stay buried in textbooks during breaks, lacking proper rest and fun activities, which makes us tired and weakens our focus in class. I have two creative suggestions. First, set mini activity corners for light sports and simple handcrafts. Second, organize short English word games or story sharing for the English club. These activities are so beneficial that they relax our eyes and minds, ease study pressure and build friendship. Fully enjoyed breaks will help us study more efficiently later. 第二节（满分25分） 【47题答案】 【答案】Paragraph 1: I was enjoying the photos when one caught my eye. It was a picture of the pumpkin we had carved together. Underneath, Brian had written, “My first real win with my brother. Even if we didn’t get first, it was a victory because we worked as a team.” Seeing those words, a wave of guilt washed over me. I remembered how I had selfishly taken all the money and lied to him. I realized how much I had let him down. I turned to Brian, ready to confess everything. Paragraph 2: “You actually knew and didn’t say anything?” I was shocked. Brian just smiled gently and said, “I always knew. But I also knew that you needed that game more than the money at that time. And I was proud of our teamwork, not the prize. I hoped one day you’d understand the real meaning of winning together.” His words made me feel even more ashamed. I apologized sincerely, vowing to make it up to him. From then on, I truly understood my role as his guardian angel and the importance of true brotherhood. 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $