Unit 6单元语法讲义2026-2027学年人教版英语八年级上册

Unit 6 · be going to 与不定式作宾语 人教版八年级上册  ·  语法精讲 · 随堂练 · 综合检测 学习目标 · 目标一：归纳并总结 be going to 结构的陈述句、一般疑问句及答语、特殊疑问句及其答语的句式特点、表意功能及用法。 · 目标二：理解不定式的概念、构成以及不定式作宾语的表意功能，并分辨出与不定式搭配作宾语的常见及物动词。 · 目标三：结合语境正确使用 be going to 结构和不定式作宾语以表达将要做的事情。 · 目标四：与同伴交流各自的周末计划，商定打算一起做的事情，灵活使用 be going to 结构和不定式作宾语进行表达。 一、 be going to 结构 1. be going to 的用法 be going to 表示 “打算、计划做某事” 或 “将要发生某事”，用于表达 已决定的、有明确意图的未来行动。 · I am going to work hard at maths.（我打算在数学上努力学习。） · She is going to take acting classes.（她打算上表演课。） · It is going to rain.（天要下雨了。） be going to vs will： · be going to → 表示 已有计划或意图 的事情（I'm going to visit my grandparents this weekend.） · will → 表示 临时决定 或 预测（I'll answer the phone. / It will rain tomorrow.） 2. be going to 的句式结构 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 主语 + be (am/is/are) + going to + 动词原形 I am going to read more books. 否定句 主语 + be + not + going to + 动词原形 She isn't going to give up. 一般疑问句 Be + 主语 + going to + 动词原形? Are you going to join us? 肯定回答 Yes, 主语 + be. Yes, I am. 否定回答 No, 主语 + be + not. No, I'm not. 特殊疑问句 疑问词 + be + 主语 + going to + 动词原形? What are you going to do? 破解点： · be going to 中的 be 要与主语 保持一致（I am / you are / she is / we are ...） · be going to 后接 动词原形 · 时间标志词：tomorrow / next week / this weekend / in the future 3. 教材 3a 精讲 教材 3a 精讲 · 观察 be going to 的用法 观察加粗的 be going to 结构： · What do you want to be in the future? → want to be（不定式作宾语） · I am going to work hard at maths. → be going to + 动词原形 · Are you going to read more books about IT? → 一般疑问句：be + 主语 + going to · Yes, I am. → 肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + be · What else are you going to do? → 特殊疑问句：疑问词 + be + 主语 + going to · I'm going to learn about AI too. → be going to + 动词原形 破解点： · be going to 表达 计划/打算 · be 动词随主语 变化（am/is/are） · 后接 动词原形 练习一 · 用 be going to 的正确形式填空 1. I _______________ (visit) my grandparents this weekend. 2. She _______________ (take) acting classes next month. 3. They _______________ (not / go) to the party tonight. 4. _______________ you _______________ (read) more books about IT? 5. He _______________ (study) hard for the exam. 6. We _______________ (meet) at the park at 9:00. 7. _______________ she _______________ (join) us for dinner? 8. I _______________ (not / give) up my dream. 二 、不定式作宾语 1. 什么是不定式？ 不定式 的基本形式是 to + 动词原形（如 to be、to do、to read）。不定式在句中可作 主语、宾语、定语、状语 等。本单元重点学习 不定式作宾语。 2. 不定式作宾语 某些动词后常接 不定式（to do） 作宾语，表示 “想做某事”、“希望做某事”、“计划做某事” 等。 动词 含义 例句 want 想要 I want to be an IT engineer. hope 希望 She hopes to become a doctor. plan 计划 We plan to travel to Beijing. need 需要 He needs to work harder. learn 学习 I learn to play the piano. decide 决定 They decide to stay at home. would like 想要 I would like to go with you. try 尝试 She tries to do her best. 动词 + to do vs 动词 + doing： · want / hope / plan / need + to do（表示未做的事情） · enjoy / finish / mind + doing（表示已做或习惯做的事情） 破解点： · 不定式作宾语 → 动词 + to do · 常见动词：want, hope, plan, need, learn, decide, would like, try · 不定式的否定形式：not to do（I decided not to go.） 练习二 · 用动词 + 不定式完成句子 1. I _______________ (want / be) a teacher in the future. 2. She _______________ (hope / travel) around the world. 3. We _______________ (plan / visit) the museum next week. 4. He _______________ (need / study) harder for the exam. 5. They _______________ (decide / not / go) to the party. 6. I _______________ (would like / join) the club. 7. She _______________ (learn / play) the guitar. 8. He _______________ (try / finish) his homework early. 三 、教材精讲 · 3b / 3c 教材 3b 精讲 · 匹配情境与计划 · Alice wants to be an actress. → C. She is going to take acting classes. · I miss my parents very much. → F. I am going to see them this weekend. · It's going to rain. → E. I am going to get my umbrella. · They are tired of city life. → B. They are going to live in the countryside. · I'm wet and cold. → A. I am going to take a hot bath. · He can't drive after drinking. → D. He is going to take a taxi. 破解点：先理解 情境，再匹配 合理的计划！ 教材 3c 精讲 · 补全对话 用括号中的词补全对话： A: What are you going to do this weekend? B: I have no idea. What about you? A: I don't know either. Do you want to do something together? B: Sure. What do you want to do? A: How about playing badminton on Saturday? B: OK. Where shall we meet? A: Let's meet at Zhongshan Park. B: What time shall we meet? A: What about 9:30? B: Great! This will be fun. See you on Saturday. A: See you then. 破解点： · be going to → 询问计划（What are you going to do?） · want to do → 询问意愿（Do you want to do something?） · shall → 提出建议或询问意见（Where shall we meet?） 练习三 · 用 be going to 或 want to 补全对话 A: What _______________ you _______________ (do) this weekend? B: I _______________ (visit) my grandparents. How about you? A: I _______________ (stay) at home and read books. B: _______________ you _______________ (want) to go to the cinema with me? A: Sure! What _______________ we _______________ (see)? B: Let's see a comedy. It _______________ (be) fun! 四、 易错点与重难点 易错点一：be going to 中 be 动词与主语不一致。 ❌ She are going to study hard. ✅ She is going to study hard. 易错点二：be going to 后误加 to 或忘记用动词原形。 ❌ I am going to to read a book. ✅ I am going to read a book. 易错点三：不定式作宾语时，动词后漏掉 to。 ❌ I want be a teacher. ✅ I want to be a teacher. 易错点四：want / hope / plan 与 enjoy / finish 混淆。 ✅ I want to do it.（未做，用 to do） ✅ I enjoy doing it.（习惯，用 doing） 易错点五：shall 与 will 的用法混淆。 ✅ Shall we meet at 9:00?（提出建议，第一人称） ✅ I will call you later.（意愿/决定） 练习四 · 改错题 1. She are going to take acting classes. → ________________________________________________ 2. I am going to to read more books. →________________________________________________ 3. He want be an engineer. → ________________________________________________ 4. They plan travel to Beijing. →________________________________________________ 5. I enjoy to play the guitar.（判断正误）→ ________________________________________________ 6. We are going to playing tennis tomorrow. → ________________________________________________ 五 、语法图表总结（必背） be going to 结构总表 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 主语 + be + going to + 动词原形 I am going to study hard. 否定句 主语 + be + not + going to + 动词原形 She isn't going to give up. 一般疑问句 Be + 主语 + going to + 动词原形? Are you going to join us? 肯定回答 Yes, 主语 + be. Yes, I am. 否定回答 No, 主语 + be + not. No, I'm not. 特殊疑问句 疑问词 + be + 主语 + going to + 动词原形? What are you going to do? 不定式作宾语（动词 + to do） 动词 例句 want to do I want to be a doctor. hope to do She hopes to travel the world. plan to do We plan to visit the museum. need to do He needs to study harder. decide to do They decide to stay at home. learn to do I learn to play the piano. would like to do I would like to go with you. be going to 用法口诀 be going to 表计划， be 随主语来变化， 后面接 动词原形， want / hope / plan 接 to do， 不定式作宾语要记清！ 六、 综合检测（全题型） 一、单项选择题 1. She _______________ going to take acting classes next month. A. am B. is C. are D. be 2. I _______________ going to give up my dream. A. am not B. isn't C. aren't D. not 3. _______________ you going to read more books about IT? A. Am B. Is C. Are D. Do 4. I want _______________ an IT engineer. A. be B. to be C. being D. been 5. She hopes _______________ around the world one day. A. travel B. to travel C. travelling D. travelled 6. They plan _______________ the museum next week. A. visit B. to visit C. visiting D. visited 7. What _______________ you going to do this weekend? A. am B. is C. are D. be 8. — Are you going to join us? — Yes, I _______________. A. am B. is C. are D. do 9. He needs _______________ harder for the exam. A. study B. to study C. studying D. studied 10. _______________ we meet at 9:00? A. Shall B. Will C. Are D. Do 二、用 be going to 的正确形式填空 1. I _______________ (visit) my grandparents this weekend. 2. She _______________ (take) acting classes next month. 3. They _______________ (not / go) to the party tonight. 4. _______________ you _______________ (read) more books about IT? 5. He _______________ (study) hard for the exam. 6. We _______________ (meet) at the park at 9:00. 7. _______________ she _______________ (join) us for dinner? 8. I _______________ (not / give) up my dream. 三、句型转换 1. I am going to visit my grandparents.（改为否定句） _____________________________________________ 2. She is going to take acting classes.（改为一般疑问句） _____________________________________________ 3. They are going to live in the countryside.（对划线部分提问） _____________________________________________ 4. I want to be an IT engineer.（对划线部分提问） _____________________________________________ 5. We are going to meet at 9:00.（对划线部分提问） _____________________________________________ 四、句子翻译 1. 我打算这个周末去看望我的祖父母。 →_____________________________________________ 2. 她打算下个月上表演课。 →_____________________________________________ 3. 你想将来成为什么？ →_____________________________________________ 4. 我计划努力学习数学。 → _____________________________________________ 5. 我们将在公园见面吗？ → _____________________________________________ 五、短文填空 My name is Tom. I have a dream. I   ________   (want / be) a musician in the future. I   ________   (plan / learn) to play the piano. My sister  ________    (hope / become) a doctor. She  ________    (be going to / study) medicine. We   ________   (be going to / work) hard to achieve our dreams. ________     (What / do) you want to be in the future? 六、改错题 1. She are going to take acting classes. → _____________________________________________ 2. I am going to to read more books. → _____________________________________________ 3. He want be an engineer. → _____________________________________________ 4. They plan travel to Beijing. → _____________________________________________ 5. I enjoy to play the guitar.（判断正误）→ _____________________________________________ 6. We are going to playing tennis tomorrow. → _____________________________________________ 七、选词填空 从方框中选择正确的词填空。 am going to / is going to / are going to / want to / hope to / plan to 1. I _______________ visit my grandparents this weekend. 2. She _______________ take acting classes next month. 3. They _______________ go to the party tonight. 4. I _______________ become a doctor one day. 5. We _______________ travel around the world. 6. He _______________ study harder for the exam. 七、 课后自我检测清单 · 我能正确使用 be going to 结构表达计划与打算。 · 我能正确使用 be going to 的各种句式（肯定、否定、疑问）。 · 我能正确使用不定式作宾语（动词 + to do）。 · 我能区分 want/hope/plan 与 enjoy/finish 的用法。 · 我能正确使用 shall 提出建议。 · 我能用 be going to 和不定式描述未来计划。 参考答案 练习一： 1. am going to visit　2. is going to take　3. aren't going to go　4. Are / going to read　5. is going to study　6. are going to meet　7. Is / going to join　8. am not going to give 练习二： 1. want to be　2. hopes to travel　3. plan to visit　4. needs to study　5. decide not to go　6. would like to join　7. learns to play / is learning to play　8. tries to finish / is trying to finish 练习三： ① are / going to do　② am going to visit　③ am going to stay　④ Do / want　⑤ shall / see（或are / going to see）　⑥ will be（或is going to be） 练习四： 1. She is going to take acting classes.　2. I am going to read more books.　3. He wants to be an engineer.　4. They plan to travel to Beijing.　5. 错误。应改为：I enjoy playing the guitar.　6. We are going to play tennis tomorrow. 综合检测 · 一： 1. B　2. A　3. C　4. B　5. B　6. B　7. C　8. A　9. B　10. A 综合检测 · 二： 1. am going to visit　2. is going to take　3. aren't going to go　4. Are / going to read　5. is going to study　6. are going to meet　7. Is / going to join　8. am not going to give 综合检测 · 三： 1. I am not going to visit my grandparents.　2. Is she going to take acting classes?　3. Where are they going to live?　4. What do you want to be?　5. What time are you going to meet? / What time are we going to meet? 综合检测 · 四： 1. I am going to visit my grandparents this weekend.　2. She is going to take acting classes next month.　3. What do you want to be in the future?　4. I plan to work hard at maths. / I am going to work hard at maths.　5. Are we going to meet at the park? 综合检测 · 五： want to be / plan to learn / hopes to become / is going to study / are going to work / What do 综合检测 · 六： 1. She is going to take acting classes.　2. I am going to read more books.　3. He wants to be an engineer.　4. They plan to travel to Beijing.　5. 错误。应改为：I enjoy playing the guitar.　6. We are going to play tennis tomorrow. 综合检测 · 七： 1. am going to　2. is going to　3. are going to　4. want to / hope to　5. plan to / hope to　6. is going to / plans to / wants to 人教版八上 Unit 6 · 语法讲义 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $