Unit1-Unit2 Grammar 现在完成时学案 2026-2027学年外研版八年级英语上册

该初中英语知识清单整合八上Unit1和Unit2内容，系统梳理现在完成时知识体系。从核心结构“have/has+动词过去分词”入手，涵盖肯定、否定、疑问句式，动词过去分词规则与不规则变化，进而掌握两大用法（过去动作对现在影响、动作持续到现在），搭配just/already/yet/for/since/how long等标志词，区分与一般过去时及短暂动词、延续动词使用场景，通过分层习题构建完整学习支架。 知识链路按“概念-结构-用法-对比-应用”逻辑清晰呈现，亮点在于分层习题（基础单选、提高词形填空、提升句型转换、拓展英汉互译及拔高短文填空）和课堂总结清单。通过时态对比、动词辨析培养思维品质，借助语境练习提升语言能力，分层训练和记忆口诀助力学习能力发展，帮助学生系统掌握现在完成时并灵活运用。

八上《现在完成时（Unit1+Unit2）》导学案 班级：________ 姓名：________ 得分：________ 一、学习目标 1. 掌握现在完成时核心结构 have/has + 动词过去分词，熟练书写肯定、否定、疑问三种句式； 2. 分清两大核心用法：①过去动作对现在造成影响 ②动作 / 状态从过去持续到现在； 3. 掌握 just / already / yet / for / since / how long 配套时间标志词用法； 4. 区分现在完成时 vs 一般过去时，辨析短暂动词与延续动词使用场景； 5. 完成句型转换、单选、词形填空、英汉互译、短文语境填空分层习题。 二、基础概念总述 定义： 由 have / has + 动词过去分词 构成，描述发生在过去，但和当下有紧密联系的动作，分两类核心场景： ①过去动作，对现在产生直接影响； ②动作 / 状态从过去某一刻开始，一直持续到此刻。 思考：现在完成时为什么不能搭配 yesterday / last month 这类明确过去时间词？ 模块一 现在完成时 句式结构（核心基础） 考点 1 人称句式表格（肯定 / 否定 / 一般疑问 + 答句） 1）第一人称 I / We 肯定句：I have seen the questionnaire in this newspaper. 否定句：I have not (haven’t) seen the questionnaire in this newspaper. 一般疑问及回答： —Have you seen the questionnaire in this newspaper? —Yes, I have. / No, I have not (haven’t). We have travelled around the world. We have not (haven’t) travelled around the world. —Have you travelled around the world? —Yes, we have. / No, we have not (haven’t). 2）第二人称 You You have been to England. You have not (haven’t) been to England. —Have you been to England? —Yes, I / we have. / No, I / we have not (haven’t). 3）第三人称单数 He / She（用 has） He / She has been to Los Angeles. He / She has not (hasn’t) been to Los Angeles. —Has he / she been to Los Angeles? —Yes, he / she has. / No, he / she has not (hasn’t). 4）第三人称复数 They They have given concerts all over the world. They have not (haven’t) given concerts all over the world. —Have they given concerts all over the world? —Yes, they have. / No, they have not (haven’t). 句式核心规则 1. 三单主语 (he/she/ 单数名词)：has / hasn’t + 过去分词 2. 其余所有人称 (I/you/we/they/ 复数名词)：have / haven’t + 过去分词 基础配套练习 1. 句型改写（改为否定句、一般疑问句并作答） I have entered lots of competitions. 否定句：________________________________________ 一般疑问句：________________________________________ 肯定回答：____________ 否定回答：____________ 2. 汉译英 我姑姑已经周游了全世界。 ______________________________________________________________ 3. 词形填空（写出动词过去分词） see — ________ travel — ________ enter — ________ 考点 2 动词过去分词变化（规则 + 不规则） 规则变化：动词后直接加 ed work — worked play — played finish — finished 必考不规则变形（必背） be – was/were – been do – did – done eat – ate – eaten go – went – gone see – saw – seen find – found – found have – had – had make – made – made let – let – let put – put – put 配套练习 写出下列动词过去分词 1. go ________ 2. eat ________ 3. make ________ 4. find ________ 模块二 用法一：过去动作对现在造成影响 用法解析 动作发生在过去，无明确过去时间，重点强调当下的结果、影响，常搭配 just / already / yet 标志词区分 1. just 刚刚；already 已经 → 只用在肯定句，放 have/has 后 例：I have just heard the news. 我刚听到消息。 Astronauts have already been to the moon. 宇航员已经去过月球了。 2. yet 还、尚未 → 只用在否定句、疑问句，放句末 例：The scientists have not heard from it yet. 科学家还没有收到它发出的信息。 Man has not discovered any life in space yet. 人类尚未在太空中发现任何生命。 教材标准例句 I have seen the film. I do not want to see it again. 这部电影我已经看过了，不想再看了。 Have you ever won any prizes before? 你以前得过奖吗？ 易混对比：现在完成时 VS 一般过去时 1. 现在完成时：无具体过去时间，侧重现在的结果 / 影响 2. 一般过去时：搭配 yesterday / last month / an hour ago 明确过去时间，只讲过去发生。 例句对比： I have just been to London. I went there last month. 我刚去过伦敦，上个月去的。 I have already finished my homework. I finished it an hour ago. 我已经完成家庭作业了，一小时前完成的。 语境判断小技巧 A: Where have you put my book? I can’t find it. 你把我的书放哪儿了？我现在找不到。（现完，影响现在） B: I put it on your desk yesterday. 我昨天放你桌上了。（一般过去，只讲昨天动作） 配套分层练习 1. 选词填空 just /already/yet I have ______ finished my homework. They haven’t visited the museum ______. We have ______ met this famous singer. 2. 单选 —______ you ______ to Beijing? —Yes, I ______ there last summer. A. Have; been; went B. Did; go; have been 3. 句型转换 She has seen this film already.（改为否定句） ______________________________________________________________ 模块三 用法二：动作 / 状态持续到现在（Unit2 核心） 用法解析 动作从过去开始，一直持续到当下，搭配 for + 时间段 / since + 时间点，提问用 How long 短语区分 1. for + 一段时间：for three months, for a year, for two hours 2. since + 过去时间点：since Friday, since 2023, since yesterday 教材标准例句 I have had the dog for three months now. 这条狗我现在已经养了三个月了。 I have been like this since Friday. 从周五开始我就一直这样。 提问句式 How long How long have you had the dog? 这条狗你养了多久了？ How long have you played football? 你踢足球踢了多长时间了？ 时态对比（同一时间段，不同时态含义） 1. I stayed in the hotel for a week last summer. 去年夏天我在酒店住了一周。（过去已结束，一般过去时） 2. I have stayed in the hotel for a week now. 迄今我已在酒店住了一周。（持续到现在，现在完成时） 3. I will stay in the hotel for a week next month. 下个月我要住一周。（将来，一般将来时） 补充要点 1. 表持续状态：动词必须是延续性动词（have, live, study, be），可搭配 for/since； Tom has been here for two hours. Tom 已经来了两小时了。 2. 表瞬间完成短暂动词 (come, finish, see)，不能加时间段 Tom has just come. Tom 刚到。（不可加 for two hours） 3. 表累计数量，到目前为止一共…… I have learnt 20 English songs. 我已经学会 20 首英文歌曲。 配套分层练习 1. 选词填空 for /since He has lived here ______ 2020. We have played basketball ______ one year. 2. 对划线部分提问 I have had this bike for two years. _________________________________________________________________ 3. 汉译英 自从去年有了电脑，我就没怎么锻炼了。 _________________________________________________________________ 模块四 分层综合训练（足量习题） 基础层 单项选择（10 道） 1. I ______ the film already, I don’t want to watch it again. A. see B. have seen C. saw 2. —______ you ever won a prize? —Yes, I ______ a prize last term. A. Have; win B. Did; won C. Have; won 3. She ______ in this city since she was 10. A. lives B. lived C. has lived 4. We haven’t finished our homework ______. A. already B. yet C. just 5. How long ______ you ______ the pet cat? A. have; had B. did; have C. do; have 6. My aunt ______ all over the world, she has many photos. A. travels B. travelled C. has travelled 7. He ______ just ______ his breakfast, he is full now. A. has; finished B. did; finish C. will; finish 8. They ______ concerts for five years. A. give B. have given C. gave 9. —Has your father been to Shanghai? —Yes, he ______ there in 2022. A. has been B. went C. is 10. I have learnt 50 new words ______ this month. A. for B. since C. / 提高层 动词适当形式填空（12 道） 1. I ______ (see) this movie before, so I know the story. 2. She ______ (travel) around the world since 2021. 3. We ______ just ______ (finish) our group project. 4. ______ you ever ______ (enter) any competition? 5. My mother ______ not ______ (hear) the news yet. 6. He ______ (have) this dog for three months. 7. They ______ (give) lots of concerts last year. 8. Tom ______ (come) here two hours ago, he ______ (be) here for 2 hours. 9. I ______ (learn) 30 English songs so far. 10. My sister ______ (eat) lunch already, she is not hungry. 11. How long ______ your family ______ (live) in this town? 12. Scientists ______ not ______ (find) life on Mars yet. 提升层 句型转换（8 道，否定 / 疑问 / 划线提问） 1. I have entered lots of competitions.（改为否定句） _____________________________________________________________________ 2. She has already been to Los Angeles.（改为一般疑问句） _____________________________________________________________________ 3. We have stayed here for a week.（对划线 for a week 提问） _____________________________________________________________________ 4. He went to London last month.（用 already 改写为现在完成时） _____________________________________________________________________ 5. They have travelled all over the world.（一般疑问并否定回答） _____________________________________________________________________ 6. I have lived here since I was 8.（对 since I was 8 提问） _____________________________________________________________________ 7. My aunt has travelled around the world.（改为一般过去时，加 last year） _____________________________________________________________________ 8. The scientists have heard from it already.（改为否定句，用 yet） ____________________________________________________________________ 拓展层 英汉互译（6 道，横线写答案） 1. I have watched this film and I don't want to watch it again. _____________________________________________________________________ 2. 我姑姑已经周游了全世界. _____________________________________________________________________ 3. We have just started to explore other planets. ________________________________________ 4. 自从周五开始，我就一直是这个状态 ________________________________________ 5. He has lived here for five years. ________________________________________ 6. 人类尚未在太空中发现任何生命 ________________________________________ 拔高题型：短文语境填空（用所给词正确形式） Now perfect tense practice I ______ (be) interested in space since I ______ (be) 10 years old. I ______ just ______ (read) a space magazine. I ______ (learn) lots of space knowledge so far. Scientists ______ not ______ (find) life on other planets yet, but they ______ (send) many spaceships into space last year. My dad ______ (work) in a space museum for 6 years. He ______ (take) me to visit it last summer. —How long ______ you ______ (love) space? —I ______ (love) it since I ______ (watch) my first space film. 课堂知识总结清单 一、基本结构 肯定：主语 + have/has + 过去分词 否定：主语 + haven’t/hasn’t + 过去分词 疑问：Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词 二、两大用法 1. 过去动作影响现在：搭配 just/already (肯)、yet (否 / 疑)；无明确过去时间 2. 动作持续到现在：for + 时间段 /since + 时间点；提问用 How long 三、时态区分口诀 现完不带明确过去词，侧重当下结果； 一过搭配 ago/yesterday，只讲过去发生； for/since 表持续，延续动词才合适。 拓展展示任务（课堂加分） 分别造 2 句现在完成时：①表对现在影响 ②表持续到现在 1. 表影响：________________________________________________ 2. 表持续：________________________________________________ 参考答案（教师备用页） 模块一 句式基础练习 1. 否定句：I haven’t entered lots of competitions. 一般疑问：Have you entered lots of competitions? 肯定：Yes, I have. 否定：No, I haven’t. 2. My aunt has travelled all over the world. 3. seen; travelled; entered 不规则分词：gone; eaten; made; found 模块二 影响用法练习 1. already; yet; just 2. A 3. She hasn’t seen this film yet. 模块三 持续用法练习 1. since; for 2. How long have you had this bike? 3. I have not done much exercise since I got my computer last year. 综合训练答案 基础单选 1.B 2.C 3.C 4.B 5.A 6.C 7.A 8.B 9.B 10.C 词形填空 1.have seen 2.has travelled 3.have; finished 4.Have; entered 5.have; heard 6.has had 7.gave 8.came; has been 9.have learnt 10.has eaten 11.have; lived 12.have; found 句型转换 1.I haven’t entered lots of competitions. 2.Has she been to Los Angeles yet? 3.How long have you stayed here? 4.He has already been to London. 5.—Have they travelled all over the world? —No, they haven’t. 6.How long have you lived here? 7.My aunt travelled around the world last year. 8.The scientists haven’t heard from it yet. 英汉互译 1. 这部电影我已经看过了，不想再看了。 2. My aunt has travelled all over the world. 3. 我们才刚刚开始探索其他行星。 4. I have been like this since Friday. 5. 他已经在这里住了五年。 6. Man has not discovered any life in space yet. 短文填空 have been; was; have; read; have learnt; have; found; sent; has worked; took; have; loved; have loved; watched 拓展造句参考 1. I have lost my key, so I can’t go home now. 2. I have studied English for three years. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $