专题20 情态动词与虚拟语气（复习讲义）（天津专用）2027年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

该高中英语高考复习讲义聚焦情态动词与虚拟语气专题，覆盖情态动词基本用法、表推测、表虚拟三大核心考点，按功能逻辑构建知识框架，通过命题透视研判考情、考点精讲归纳解题范式、真题溯源感知考向等环节，帮助学生系统梳理语境应用规律，突破语法难点。 资料突出思维建模与靶向突破特色，如用对比表格梳理情态动词推测用法及时态对应关系，培养学生逻辑思维品质；设计分层练习（真题与模拟题结合）强化语境推理能力，提升语言应用素养。助力学生高效构建知识体系，为教师精准把控复习节奏提供实用指导。

专题20 情态动词与虚拟语气 内容导航 01 命题透视·考情前瞻 对标素养，研判高考命题趋势 02 思维建模·脉络梳理 搭建知识框架，构建系统思维 03 考点精讲·靶向突破 拆解核心考点，归纳解题范式 04 真题溯源·考向感知 溯源真题逻辑，感知高考考向 命题透视·考情前瞻 ——对标素养，研判高考命题趋势 核心考点 2025年 2024年 2023年 2022年 2021年 情态动词基本用法 二考14 二考2 首考9 二考8 首考14 情态动词表推测 首考4 无 二考7 首考12 二考15 情态动词表虚拟 无 考情分析 近 5 年天津高考英语单项选择情态动词部分主要以基本用法辨析（表情态）、情态动词表推测、情态动词表虚拟三大功能。 复习目标 考察情态动词在语境中的正确应用，重语篇统领与语境推理；素养上深考思维，融文化于语法，强化实用与文化自信。考察方向仍然主要以基本用法辨析（表情态）、情态动词表推测、情态动词表虚拟三大功能。 思维建模·脉络梳理 ——搭建知识框架，构建系统思维 考点精讲·靶向突破 ——拆解核心考点，归纳解题范式 知●识●解●构 知识点1 情态动词的基本用法 （一）情态动词的基本用法 （A）can/could 1、can/ could表示能力；can用于现在时态；could用于一般过去时态。be able to表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时常用。 ①Can you lift this heavy box? ②Mary can speak three languages. 对比：I lived with my sister this summer and didn’t have to pay rent. So I was able to save most of my salary. He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain. 2、can表示客观可能性。（理论上或是逻辑判断上）。 ①The temperature can fall to –60℃, that is 60℃ below freezing. ②Accidents can happen at any time. 3、can/could表示请求许可。 ①He asked whether he could take the book out of the reading-room. ②---Can I have a look at your new pen? --- Yes, you can. / No, you can’t. 注意：* 此时可与may互换。在疑问句中还可用could, might代替, 不是过去式, 只是语气更委婉, 不能用于肯定句和答语中。 4、表示推测。通常用于以下两种句式疑问句、否定句，可以和could互换。 ①He can’t /couldn’t be over sixty. ②Tom can’t/couldn’t be back in the United States, for I saw him in the street just a moment ago. （B）may (might) 1、表示请求或对方许可。might比 may语气更委婉，而不是过去式。 ---Might/ May I smoke in this room? --- Yes, you can. (No, you can’t / mustn’t. ) 肯定回答：Yes, please. / Certainly. 否定回答：No, you mustn’t /can’t. / Please don’t ./ You’d better not. 注：用May I...？征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气，而用Can I...？在口语中更常见。 2、表示推测（不用于疑问句）。 might不是过去式，它所表示的可能性比may小。 ①He may /might be very busy now. ②Your mother may /might not know the truth. 拓展：may well do 表示很可能 may/ might as well 相当于had better They may well win because they have made great efforts. If that is the case, I may as well have a try. (C)must 1. 表示义务、命令或必要，意为“必须” When you eat fish you must be careful with the bones. 注意答语： --- Must we hand in our exercise books today? --- Yes, you must. --- No, you don’t have to / you needn’t. mustn’t 表示明令禁止，“千万别，不许，一定不要” You mustn’t play with fire. 2. 表示推测（只用于肯定的陈述句） ①He must be ill. He looks so pale. ②Your mother must be waiting for you now. ③It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. 3. 意为“_一定，肯定”做某事，指的是做令人不愉快的事情。 ① Must you shout so loudly? ② ---How old are you, madam? ---If you must know, I’m twice my son’s age. ③ If you must smoke, go to the balcony（阳台）. ④ Just as we were sitting down to have dinner, the telephone must ring. 注意：must & have (got) to must表示的是说话人的主观看法，而have to表示的却是客观需要。 Every student will have to know how to use computers. You will tell your friend that you’ve got to go to class. (D) will 1. 表意愿。 ①I will take all that fat off you in two weeks if you eat here every day. ②I will do anything for you. 2. 表请求，建议对方做某事。用于疑问句，与第二人称连用。 ①Will you close the window? It’s a bit cold. ②Won’t you drink some more coffee? 再来一点咖啡好吗？ 3. 表示某种倾向或习惯性动作. ①Oil will float on water. ②Fish will die out of water. 鱼离开水就不能活。 ③The door won’t open. 这门打不开。 ④The boy will sit there hour after hour looking at the traffic go by. 4. 表示临时决定去做某事。 ---Sorry. I forgot to help you post the letter. --- That’s all right. I’ll post it myself. (E) would 1. would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。would表示过去习惯时比used to正式，且没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。 ①Every time she was in trouble, she would go to him for help. ②The wound would not heal. 2. 表示表示估计和猜想。 It would be about ten o’clock when she left home. 3. 表表意愿。 Would you like some cake? （表示肯定含义的请求劝说时） I said I would do anything for you. 我说过我愿意为你做任何事。 4. 表委婉地提出请求、建议或看法。 Would you mind cleaning the window? 请把窗户擦一下好吗？ (F) shall 1. shall 用于第一、三人称，表示提议或征求意见 Shall I turn on the lights? / What shall we do this evening? 2. shall 用于第二、三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告威胁、允诺或决心 ① You shall fail if you don’t work hard. ② You shall have a gift on you birthday. ③ He shall have the book when I finish it. ④ Nothing shall stop us from carrying out the plan. 3. 表示宣布法律或规定. ① According to the rules, each competitor shall wear a number over the race. ② “The interest shall be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides.” declared the judge. (G) should & ought to 1. 均可表示“义务”、“要求”或“劝告”，常译作“应该”、“应当” ① You should keep your promise. ② Young people should respect old people. ③ He ought not to do that. ④ --- Ought he to see the doctor? --- Yes, he ought to. 2. 均可表示推断，常译为 “非常可能、按理说应该” If she is completely well, she ought to be back at school today. (H) dare“敢”，作情态动词时多用在否定或疑问句和条件句中。过去式为dared。 ①The little girl dare not speak in public. ②Dare you catch the little cat? ③If we dared not go there that day,we couldn’t get the beautiful flowers. 注意： dare作实义动词时，有人称、时态和数的变化。 在肯定句中，dare to do。在疑问句和否定句中，dare后面可接带to的不定式或省略to。 ①I dare to swim across this river. ②He doesn’t dare (to) answer. 知识点2 情态动词表推测的用法 情态动词 适用句式 对现在和将来的推测 对已发生的事的推测 must 肯定句 情态动词+ do 情态动词+have done can/could 疑问句、陈述句、否定句 may/might 陈述句、否定句 例句 -- I didn’t see Mary at the meeting yesterday. -- She might have been ill, I guess. The streets are dry all day. It couldn’t have rained during the night. The streets are wet. It must have rained during the night. Why did he know this? Can someone have told him about it? 知识点3 情态动词+have done的特殊含义 一、“must+have+done”表示对过去事情的肯定推测，译成“一定做过某事”,该结构只用于肯定句。 1. It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. 2. You must have been mad to speak to the servant. 二、“can't+have+done”表示对过去事情的否定推测，译成“不可能做过某事”。 1. Mr. Smith can't have gone to Beijing, for I saw him in the library just now. 2. Mary can't have stolen your money. She has gone home. 三、“can+have+done”表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句，译成“可能做过……吗？”。 1. There is no light in the room. Can they have gone out? 2. There is nowhere to find them. Where can they have gone? ？ 四、“could+have+done”常译为“本来可以”是虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是“本来能够做某事而没有做”。 He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless. 五、“may+have+done”表示对发生过的事情的推测，意思是“可能已经”或“也许已经”，用于肯定句中。 —What has happened to George? —I don't know. He may have got lost. 六、“might+have+done”表示对过去事情的推测，might与may意思相同，但可能性更小。多用于虚拟语气结构中。 1. He might have given you more help, even though he was busy. 2. She might have achieved greater progress, if you had given her more chances. 七、“would+have+done”虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是“本来会做”。 1. I would have told you all about the boy's story, but you didn't ask me. 2.Without your help, I wouldn't have achieved so much. 八、“should+have+done”意思是“本来应该做某事，而实际没做。” “shouldn't+have+done”表示本来不应该做某事，而实际做了。含有指责对方或自责的含意。 1.Tom, you are too lazy. The work should have been finished yesterday. 2. Look, Tom is crying. I shouldn't have been so harsh on him. 九、“ought to+have+done”表示过去应该做而实际并没有做，译成“理应做……”，往往表示遗憾。与“should+have+done”用法基本一样。 1.I ought to have gone home last Sunday. 2.You ought not to have given him more help. 十、“need+have+done”表示本来需要做某事而没有做 “needn’t+have+done”表示“本来不需要做某事而做了”。 1.I needn't have bought so much wine—only five people came. 2.He need have hurried to the station. In that case, be wouldn't have missed the train. 考●向●破●译 1．（25-26高三上·天津和平·开学考试）Timmy, why ________ you sit in the mud? I have already told you so many times not to! A．must B．should C．will D．can 2．（25-26高三上·天津·月考）I love the weekend, because I ________ get up early on Saturdays and Sundays. A．mustn’t B．can’t C．needn’t D．shouldn’t 3．（25-26高三上·天津南开·月考）He _________ often spend hours in the library, poring over ancient manuscripts that no one else seemed to remember. A．might B．could C．should D．would 4．（25-26高三上·天津河北·期中）It was extremely frustrating because the new security system _________ recognise my fingerprints, no matter how many times I tried. A．wouldn’t B．needn’t C．mustn’t D．shouldn’t 5．（25-26高三上·天津·期中）In his childhood, my grandfather ______ sit under the old apple tree for hours, listening to stories told by the village elders. A．would B．should C．could D．shall 6．（25-26高三上·天津南开·期中）—Has Tom arrived at the meeting room? —He ________ be there by now since the meeting starts in five minutes. A．could B．should C．would D．might 7．（2025·天津河北·二模）When drafting essays, you pay too much attention to logical flow — unclear connections confuse readers. A．mustn’t B．needn’t C．can’t D．shouldn’t 8．（24-25高三下·天津南开·阶段练习）—________I use your notes to review for the exam? —Of course, but return them by tomorrow. A．Must B．Could C．Would D．Might 9．（24-25高三下·天津·开学考试）— The test on the new approach to calculating grades is challenging and demanding. Who do you think can do the job? — ________ my students have a try? A．Shall B．Must C．Will D．May 10．（2025高三·全国·专题练习）We ______ book the tickets in advance. The concert might be sold out. A．can B．should C．mustn't D．needn't 11．（25-26高三上·天津·期中）—Look! The light in the dormitory is still on. —Lucas ________ have forgotten to turn it off when he left as he was the last one to leave the dormitory. A．must B．would C．could D．should 12．（25-26高三上·天津武清·阶段练习）What a shame! Considering his competence and experience, he ________ have performed better in the World Adolescent Robotics Competition. A．might B．must C．can D．need 13．（2025·天津·一模）The astronauts performed their tasks so excellent. They ______ hard for their duty. A．should practice B．must have practiced C．might practice D．could have practiced 14．（25-26高三上·天津·月考）Joe ________ have broken the classroom window. He wasn’t in school today. A．couldn’t B．mustn’t C．shouldn’t D．needn’t 15．（25-26高三上·天津河北·月考）Based on the remarkable achievements at the 2024 Paris Olympics, the Chinese delegation have invested heavily in athlete development and scientific training. A．must B．might C．need D．should 16．（24-25高三上·天津·阶段练习）— Did Jim come? — I don’t know. He _________ while I was out. A．might have come B．couldn’t have come C．should have come D．needn’t have come 17．（23-24高三上·天津河西·期末）There were no signs that the fire had been set deliberately. It ________ by a cigarette end, I guess. A．would have been caused B．should have been caused C．might have been caused D．must have been caused 18．（23-24高三上·天津河北·期末）— Excuse me, where is George? — George ________ too far. His coffee is still warm. A．must have gone B．might have gone C．can’t have gone D．needn’t have gone 19．（23-24高三上·天津·阶段练习）——I can’t find my purse anywhere. ——You have lost it while shopping. A．may B．can C．should D．would 20．（22-23高三上·天津·阶段练习）—I wonder why Mr Green hasn’t showed up at the meeting yet. —I’m not sure, but he ________ in a traffic jam driving here. A．could be stuck B．might stuck C．might have been stuck D．must have stuck 21．（2025·天津·模拟预测）— Penny’s baby daughter narrowly escaped drinking the furniture polish on the coffee table. — Luckily for her. She ______ sick or even died. A．could have got B．should have got C．must have got D．will have got 22．（24-25高二下·天津南开·期中）He ________ the exam, but he was too careless. A．should have passed B．could have passed C．might have passed D．must have passed 23．（2025·天津·二模）Tom’s bedroom is still in a mess. He ________ have cleaned it as he promised yesterday, but he didn’t. A．need B．should C．must D．might 24．（2025高三·全国·专题练习）He ______ have come to the meeting on time, but he was delayed by traffic. A．can B．could C．may D．should 25．（24-25高三上·天津和平·期末）— Sorry, I didn’t make it to the board meeting yesterday. I was otherwise occupied. — Actually, you ______ it. The meeting was called off in the end. A．didn’t need to attend B．shouldn’t have attended C．needn’t have attended D．couldn’t have attended 26．（24-25高二上·天津和平·阶段练习）He the project on time, but he didn’t put in enough effort and missed the deadline by two days. A．must have finished B．could have finished C．needn’t have finished D．can’t have finished 27．（2024·天津南开·二模）They queued (排队) for two hours for nothing. They _________ have been told the tickets were sold out. A．would B．may C．must D．should 28．（2024·天津河西·二模）I______ before I came to the new company, for my colleagues here are very friendly and helpful to me. A．couldn’t worry B．couldn’t have worried C．needn’t worry D．needn’t have worried 29．（23-24高二上·上海·期末）You can’t imagine that a gentleman ________ so rudely to an old lady. A．shall have behaved B．should have behaved C．could have behaved D．might have behaved 30．（2023·天津·一模）Zhang Guimei, a famous moral model, ________ a better life, but caring for neither, she devoted herself to changing the fates of children in the mountains. A．could have enjoyed B．may enjoy C．must have enjoyed D．can enjoy 真题溯源·考向感知 ——溯源真题逻辑，感知高考考向 1．（2025·天津·高考真题）You________ rush to finish the report. The deadline has been extended. A．couldn’t B．mustn’t C．needn’t D．wouldn’t 2．（2025·天津·高考真题）No reader remove a book from the library without permission. A．would B．might C．shall D．need 3．（2023·天津·高考真题）We _________bother with details, for our teammates will do everything in their power to help us. A．mustn’t B．daren’t C．needn’t D．can’t 4．（2021·天津·高考真题）It used to be that you ___drive for miles here without seeing another person, but now there are houses and people everywhere. A．need B．should C．could D．must 5．（2020·天津·高考真题）Jim says we ______ stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy . A．must B．can C．need D．should 6．（2018·天津·高考真题）—What’s wrong with the door? —The key has got stuck in it and ______ come out. A．shouldn’t B．mustn’t C．needn’t D．won’t 7．（2019·天津·高考真题）The professor warned the students that on no account ________ use mobile phones in his class. A．should they B．they should C．dare they D．they dare 8．（2016·天津·高考真题）(2016·天津) It was really annoying; I ________ get access to the data bank you had recommended. A．wouldn’t B．couldn’t C．shouldn’t D．needn’t 9．（2013·天津·高考真题）No one________ be more generous；he has a heart of gold. A．could B．must C．dare D．need 10．（2012·天津·高考真题）It’s quite warm here; we __________turn the heating on yet. A．couldn’t B．mustn’t C．needn’t D．wouldn’t 11．（2018·天津·高考真题）I can't find my purse. I___________ it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'm not sure. A．should leave B．must have left C．might leave D．could have left 12．（2021·天津·高考真题）---I honestly don't think I'm going to be admitted. ---Well, you never know! You________ a better impression than you think. A．may have made B．should have made C．couldn't have made D．needn't have made 13．（2019·天津·高考真题）Paul did a great job in the speech contest. He many times last week. A．need have practised B．might practise C．must have practised D．could practise 14．（2017·天津·高考真题）Someone ____the tap on, for the water was running over and flooding the bathroom. A．could leave B．must have left C．might leave D．should have left 15．（2008·天津·高考真题）She ______ have left school, for her bike is still here. A．can’t B．wouldn’t C．shouldn’t D．needn’t 1 / 19 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题20 情态动词与虚拟语气 内容导航 01 命题透视·考情前瞻 对标素养，研判高考命题趋势 02 思维建模·脉络梳理 搭建知识框架，构建系统思维 03 考点精讲·靶向突破 拆解核心考点，归纳解题范式 04 真题溯源·考向感知 溯源真题逻辑，感知高考考向 命题透视·考情前瞻 ——对标素养，研判高考命题趋势 核心考点 2025年 2024年 2023年 2022年 2021年 情态动词基本用法 二考14 二考2 首考9 二考8 首考14 情态动词表推测 首考4 无 二考7 首考12 二考15 情态动词表虚拟 无 考情分析 近 5 年天津高考英语单项选择情态动词部分主要以基本用法辨析（表情态）、情态动词表推测、情态动词表虚拟三大功能。 复习目标 考察情态动词在语境中的正确应用，重语篇统领与语境推理；素养上深考思维，融文化于语法，强化实用与文化自信。考察方向仍然主要以基本用法辨析（表情态）、情态动词表推测、情态动词表虚拟三大功能。 思维建模·脉络梳理 ——搭建知识框架，构建系统思维 考点精讲·靶向突破 ——拆解核心考点，归纳解题范式 知●识●解●构 知识点1 情态动词的基本用法 （一）情态动词的基本用法 （A）can/could 1、can/ could表示能力；can用于现在时态；could用于一般过去时态。be able to表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时常用。 ①Can you lift this heavy box? ②Mary can speak three languages. 对比：I lived with my sister this summer and didn’t have to pay rent. So I was able to save most of my salary. He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain. 2、can表示客观可能性。（理论上或是逻辑判断上）。 ①The temperature can fall to –60℃, that is 60℃ below freezing. ②Accidents can happen at any time. 3、can/could表示请求许可。 ①He asked whether he could take the book out of the reading-room. ②---Can I have a look at your new pen? --- Yes, you can. / No, you can’t. 注意：* 此时可与may互换。在疑问句中还可用could, might代替, 不是过去式, 只是语气更委婉, 不能用于肯定句和答语中。 4、表示推测。通常用于以下两种句式疑问句、否定句，可以和could互换。 ①He can’t /couldn’t be over sixty. ②Tom can’t/couldn’t be back in the United States, for I saw him in the street just a moment ago. （B）may (might) 1、表示请求或对方许可。might比 may语气更委婉，而不是过去式。 ---Might/ May I smoke in this room? --- Yes, you can. (No, you can’t / mustn’t. ) 肯定回答：Yes, please. / Certainly. 否定回答：No, you mustn’t /can’t. / Please don’t ./ You’d better not. 注：用May I...？征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气，而用Can I...？在口语中更常见。 2、表示推测（不用于疑问句）。 might不是过去式，它所表示的可能性比may小。 ①He may /might be very busy now. ②Your mother may /might not know the truth. 拓展：may well do 表示很可能 may/ might as well 相当于had better They may well win because they have made great efforts. If that is the case, I may as well have a try. (C)must 1. 表示义务、命令或必要，意为“必须” When you eat fish you must be careful with the bones. 注意答语： --- Must we hand in our exercise books today? --- Yes, you must. --- No, you don’t have to / you needn’t. mustn’t 表示明令禁止，“千万别，不许，一定不要” You mustn’t play with fire. 2. 表示推测（只用于肯定的陈述句） ①He must be ill. He looks so pale. ②Your mother must be waiting for you now. ③It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. 3. 意为“_一定，肯定”做某事，指的是做令人不愉快的事情。 ① Must you shout so loudly? ② ---How old are you, madam? ---If you must know, I’m twice my son’s age. ③ If you must smoke, go to the balcony（阳台）. ④ Just as we were sitting down to have dinner, the telephone must ring. 注意：must & have (got) to must表示的是说话人的主观看法，而have to表示的却是客观需要。 Every student will have to know how to use computers. You will tell your friend that you’ve got to go to class. (D) will 1. 表意愿。 ①I will take all that fat off you in two weeks if you eat here every day. ②I will do anything for you. 2. 表请求，建议对方做某事。用于疑问句，与第二人称连用。 ①Will you close the window? It’s a bit cold. ②Won’t you drink some more coffee? 再来一点咖啡好吗？ 3. 表示某种倾向或习惯性动作. ①Oil will float on water. ②Fish will die out of water. 鱼离开水就不能活。 ③The door won’t open. 这门打不开。 ④The boy will sit there hour after hour looking at the traffic go by. 4. 表示临时决定去做某事。 ---Sorry. I forgot to help you post the letter. --- That’s all right. I’ll post it myself. (E) would 1. would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。would表示过去习惯时比used to正式，且没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。 ①Every time she was in trouble, she would go to him for help. ②The wound would not heal. 2. 表示表示估计和猜想。 It would be about ten o’clock when she left home. 3. 表表意愿。 Would you like some cake? （表示肯定含义的请求劝说时） I said I would do anything for you. 我说过我愿意为你做任何事。 4. 表委婉地提出请求、建议或看法。 Would you mind cleaning the window? 请把窗户擦一下好吗？ (F) shall 1. shall 用于第一、三人称，表示提议或征求意见 Shall I turn on the lights? / What shall we do this evening? 2. shall 用于第二、三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告威胁、允诺或决心 ① You shall fail if you don’t work hard. ② You shall have a gift on you birthday. ③ He shall have the book when I finish it. ④ Nothing shall stop us from carrying out the plan. 3. 表示宣布法律或规定. ① According to the rules, each competitor shall wear a number over the race. ② “The interest shall be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides.” declared the judge. (G) should & ought to 1. 均可表示“义务”、“要求”或“劝告”，常译作“应该”、“应当” ① You should keep your promise. ② Young people should respect old people. ③ He ought not to do that. ④ --- Ought he to see the doctor? --- Yes, he ought to. 2. 均可表示推断，常译为 “非常可能、按理说应该” If she is completely well, she ought to be back at school today. (H) dare“敢”，作情态动词时多用在否定或疑问句和条件句中。过去式为dared。 ①The little girl dare not speak in public. ②Dare you catch the little cat? ③If we dared not go there that day,we couldn’t get the beautiful flowers. 注意： dare作实义动词时，有人称、时态和数的变化。 在肯定句中，dare to do。在疑问句和否定句中，dare后面可接带to的不定式或省略to。 ①I dare to swim across this river. ②He doesn’t dare (to) answer. 知识点2 情态动词表推测的用法 情态动词 适用句式 对现在和将来的推测 对已发生的事的推测 must 肯定句 情态动词+ do 情态动词+have done can/could 疑问句、陈述句、否定句 may/might 陈述句、否定句 例句 -- I didn’t see Mary at the meeting yesterday. -- She might have been ill, I guess. The streets are dry all day. It couldn’t have rained during the night. The streets are wet. It must have rained during the night. Why did he know this? Can someone have told him about it? 知识点3 情态动词+have done的特殊含义 一、“must+have+done”表示对过去事情的肯定推测，译成“一定做过某事”,该结构只用于肯定句。 1. It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. 2. You must have been mad to speak to the servant. 二、“can't+have+done”表示对过去事情的否定推测，译成“不可能做过某事”。 1. Mr. Smith can't have gone to Beijing, for I saw him in the library just now. 2. Mary can't have stolen your money. She has gone home. 三、“can+have+done”表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句，译成“可能做过……吗？”。 1. There is no light in the room. Can they have gone out? 2. There is nowhere to find them. Where can they have gone? ？ 四、“could+have+done”常译为“本来可以”是虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是“本来能够做某事而没有做”。 He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless. 五、“may+have+done”表示对发生过的事情的推测，意思是“可能已经”或“也许已经”，用于肯定句中。 —What has happened to George? —I don't know. He may have got lost. 六、“might+have+done”表示对过去事情的推测，might与may意思相同，但可能性更小。多用于虚拟语气结构中。 1. He might have given you more help, even though he was busy. 2. She might have achieved greater progress, if you had given her more chances. 七、“would+have+done”虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是“本来会做”。 1. I would have told you all about the boy's story, but you didn't ask me. 2.Without your help, I wouldn't have achieved so much. 八、“should+have+done”意思是“本来应该做某事，而实际没做。” “shouldn't+have+done”表示本来不应该做某事，而实际做了。含有指责对方或自责的含意。 1.Tom, you are too lazy. The work should have been finished yesterday. 2. Look, Tom is crying. I shouldn't have been so harsh on him. 九、“ought to+have+done”表示过去应该做而实际并没有做，译成“理应做……”，往往表示遗憾。与“should+have+done”用法基本一样。 1.I ought to have gone home last Sunday. 2.You ought not to have given him more help. 十、“need+have+done”表示本来需要做某事而没有做 “needn’t+have+done”表示“本来不需要做某事而做了”。 1.I needn't have bought so much wine—only five people came. 2.He need have hurried to the station. In that case, be wouldn't have missed the train. 考●向●破●译 1．（25-26高三上·天津和平·开学考试）Timmy, why ________ you sit in the mud? I have already told you so many times not to! A．must B．should C．will D．can 【答案】A 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：蒂米，你为什么非要坐在泥里？我已经跟你说过好多次不要这样做了！must在此处表示“偏偏、非要”，带有说话人责备、不满的语气，符合语境。故选A项。 2．（25-26高三上·天津·月考）I love the weekend, because I ________ get up early on Saturdays and Sundays. A．mustn’t B．can’t C．needn’t D．shouldn’t 【答案】C 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：我喜欢周末，因为我不用在周六和周日早起。A. mustn’t禁止；B. can’t不能；不可能；C. needn’t不必；不需要；D. shouldn’t不应该。根据“I love the weekend,”可知，喜欢周末是因为周末不必早起。故选C。 3．（25-26高三上·天津南开·月考）He _________ often spend hours in the library, poring over ancient manuscripts that no one else seemed to remember. A．might B．could C．should D．would 【答案】D 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：他过去常常花几个小时在图书馆里，仔细研读那些似乎没人记得的古代手稿。根据句中often及语境可知，此处描述的是过去习惯性的动作，would可用于表示过去经常性、习惯性的行为，符合题意；might表“可能”，could表“能够”或过去的可能性，should表“应该”，均与语境不符。故填D。 4．（25-26高三上·天津河北·期中）It was extremely frustrating because the new security system _________ recognise my fingerprints, no matter how many times I tried. A．wouldn’t B．needn’t C．mustn’t D．shouldn’t 【答案】A 【详解】考查情态动词词义辨析。句意：这非常令人沮丧，因为无论我试多少次，这个新的安全系统就是不识别我的指纹。A. wouldn’t（过去）总是不、就是不；B. needn’t不必（表没有必要）；C. mustn’t禁止（表强烈禁止）；D. shouldn’t不应该（表责任或建议）。根据“no matter how many times I tried”可知，此处强调反复尝试后的结果，“It was extremely frustrating”说明系统持续无法识别指纹，所以“wouldn’t”符合“系统始终不识别指纹”的语境。故选A项。 5．（25-26高三上·天津·期中）In his childhood, my grandfather ______ sit under the old apple tree for hours, listening to stories told by the village elders. A．would B．should C．could D．shall 【答案】A 【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意：在我祖父的童年时期，他会坐在那棵古老的苹果树下，一坐就是好几个小时，聆听村里的长辈们讲述的故事。A. would将会，可用于描述过去经常性、习惯性的动作；B. should表“应该”或“竟然”，无“过去习惯”含义；C. could表“过去能够”，强调“能力”；D. shall多用于第一人称表“将要”或“建议”。句意为“祖父童年时，常常在那棵老苹果树下坐几个小时，听村里的长辈讲故事。”would精准传达“过去反复发生的习惯性动作”。故选A。 6．（25-26高三上·天津南开·期中）—Has Tom arrived at the meeting room? —He ________ be there by now since the meeting starts in five minutes. A．could B．should C．would D．might 【答案】B 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：—汤姆到会议室了吗？—他现在应该到了，因为会议还有五分钟就要开始了。A选项could意为“能够、可能”，常用于过去时或表委婉推测；B选项should意为“应该”，结合“会议五分钟后开始”的语境，表合理推测“Tom应该已经到了”，符合逻辑；C选项would常表过去将来时、意愿或虚拟语气，此处不适用；D选项might意为“可能”，语气较委婉且不确定性强，不符合“会议即将开始”的推测强度。故选B项。 7．（2025·天津河北·二模）When drafting essays, you pay too much attention to logical flow — unclear connections confuse readers. A．mustn’t B．needn’t C．can’t D．shouldn’t 【答案】C 【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意：在起草文章时，你再怎么注重逻辑连贯性也不为过——不清晰的衔接会使读者困惑。A. mustn’t禁止；B. needn’t不必；C. can’t不能，与too much连用表示“再……也不为过”；D. shouldn’t不应该。根据下文“unclear connections confuse readers(不清晰的衔接会使读者困惑)”可知，因为不清晰的衔接会使读者困惑，所以在起草文章时，非常有必要注重逻辑连贯性，用can’t...too much来表示这种强烈的必要性，故选C项。 8．（24-25高三下·天津南开·阶段练习）—________I use your notes to review for the exam? —Of course, but return them by tomorrow. A．Must B．Could C．Would D．Might 【答案】B 【详解】考查情态动词辨析。 句意：—我可以用你的笔记来复习考试吗？—当然可以，但明天之前要还给我。  A. Must 必须； B. Could 可以（表示请求或许可）； C. Would 愿意（表示意愿或假设）； D. Might 可能（表示可能性）。根据句意可知，句子表达的是请求或许可，因此最合适的选项是 B. Could，表示“可以”。故选B项。 9．（24-25高三下·天津·开学考试）— The test on the new approach to calculating grades is challenging and demanding. Who do you think can do the job? — ________ my students have a try? A．Shall B．Must C．Will D．May 【答案】A 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：——新成绩计算方法的测试具有挑战性和高要求。你认为谁能做这项工作？——我的学生可以试一试吗？A. shall表征求意见；B. Must一定；C. Will将要；D. May也许。根据“Who do you think can do the job?”前者提出疑问？所以此处提出一个建议时，要征求对方意见，shall用于第三人称疑问句表示请求吩咐或者提出建议。故选A。 10．（2025高三·全国·专题练习）We ______ book the tickets in advance. The concert might be sold out. A．can B．should C．mustn't D．needn't 【答案】B 【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意：我们应该提前订票。音乐会可能会售罄。A.can能够；B.should应该；C.mustn't禁止；D.needn't不必。根据下文“The concert might be sold out.”可知，我们应该提前订票。故选B。 11．（25-26高三上·天津·期中）—Look! The light in the dormitory is still on. —Lucas ________ have forgotten to turn it off when he left as he was the last one to leave the dormitory. A．must B．would C．could D．should 【答案】A 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：——看！宿舍的灯还亮着。——Lucas一定是最后一个离开宿舍的，所以他离开的时候忘记关了。A. must have done一定做过某事；B. would have done本来会去做某事（却没做）；C. could have done本来能做某事（而未做）；D. should have done本来应该做某事（而未做）。根据“The light in the dormitory is still on.”和“when he left as he was the last one to leave the dormitory.”可知，灯还亮着以及Lucas是最后一个离开的情况，推测他一定是忘了关灯。故选A。 12．（25-26高三上·天津武清·阶段练习）What a shame! Considering his competence and experience, he ________ have performed better in the World Adolescent Robotics Competition. A．might B．must C．can D．need 【答案】A 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：真可惜！考虑到他的能力和经验，他在世界青少年机器人比赛中本可能会表现得更好。A. might have done或许已经做某事，表示对过去事情的可能性推测；B. must have done一定已经做过某事，用于对过去事情的肯定推测；C. can have done可能已经做过某事，表示对过去事情的推测；D. need have done本需要做某事，但实际上没做。根据“Considering his competence and experience”可知，考虑到他的能力和经验，推测他在比赛中或许本可以表现得更好。故选A。 13．（2025·天津·一模）The astronauts performed their tasks so excellent. They ______ hard for their duty. A．should practice B．must have practiced C．might practice D．could have practiced 【答案】B 【详解】考查情态动词用法辨析。句意：宇航员们出色地完成了他们的任务。他们一定为了他们的职责进行了刻苦训练。A. should practice应该练习；B. must have practiced一定进行了练习(对过去事情的肯定推测)；C. might practice可能练习(表示可能性较小的推测)；D. could have practiced本可以练习(表示过去有能力做某事却没做)。根据“The astronauts performed their tasks so excellent”可推知，宇航员们出色完成任务，背后肯定是经过了刻苦训练的，这是对过去发生事情的肯定推测。所以用“must have practiced”符合语境。故选B项。 14．（25-26高三上·天津·月考）Joe ________ have broken the classroom window. He wasn’t in school today. A．couldn’t B．mustn’t C．shouldn’t D．needn’t 【答案】A 【详解】考查情态动词+完成时。句意：Joe不可能打碎了教室的窗户，他今天根本没在学校。A. couldn’t不可能；B. mustn’t不许、不准；C. shouldn’t不应该；D. needn’t不必。根据“He wasn’t in school today.”可知，不可能是Joe打碎窗户，此处用couldn’t have done，表示对过去情况的否定推测。故选A项。 15．（25-26高三上·天津河北·月考）Based on the remarkable achievements at the 2024 Paris Olympics, the Chinese delegation have invested heavily in athlete development and scientific training. A．must B．might C．need D．should 【答案】A 【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意：基于在2024年巴黎奥运会上取得的卓越成就，中国代表团在运动员发展和科学训练方面肯定投入了大量资金。分析句子可知，句中“2024 年巴黎奥运会的优异成绩”是强有力的证据，能推断出中国代表团肯定在运动员培养和科学训练上投入巨大，符合语境。must：该词表推测时，语气十分肯定，指说话者依据现有确凿证据做出 “一定、肯定”的推断，常用结构“must have done”表对过去事情的肯定推测。might：它表推测时意为“可能、也许”，语气不确定，可能性较低。而句中优异成绩是明确依据，并非不确定的推测，该选项不符合语义。need：作情态动词时多表示 “需要”，一般不用于表推测的语境，且其常用搭配和句子要表达的推测含义不匹配，故排除。should：表推测时指“应该”，侧重说话者认为某事大概率会发生，但没有“must”的确定性强，无法匹配“奥运优异成绩”这一强证据支撑的肯定推断，因此不合适。故选A项。 16．（24-25高三上·天津·阶段练习）— Did Jim come? — I don’t know. He _________ while I was out. A．might have come B．couldn’t have come C．should have come D．needn’t have come 【答案】A 【详解】考查情态动词+have done的用法。句意：——Jim来了吗？——我不知道，我不在的时候他可能来过。A. might have come可能已经来了；B. couldn’t have come一定没来；C. should have come本应该来；D. needn’t have come本不需要来。根据“I don’t know”和“while I was out”可知，说话者不在的时候，Jim可能已经来过，但也不能确定。故选A项。 17．（23-24高三上·天津河西·期末）There were no signs that the fire had been set deliberately. It ________ by a cigarette end, I guess. A．would have been caused B．should have been caused C．might have been caused D．must have been caused 【答案】C 【详解】考查情态动词+have done用法辨析。句意：没有迹象表明这场火灾是故意纵火。我猜可能是烟头引起的。A. would have been caused将会被……引起；B. should have been caused本应该被……引起；C. might have been caused可能被……引起；D. must have been caused肯定被……引起。根据语境和后文“I guess”，此处表示主观推测，可能性不大。故选C项。 18．（23-24高三上·天津河北·期末）— Excuse me, where is George? — George ________ too far. His coffee is still warm. A．must have gone B．might have gone C．can’t have gone D．needn’t have gone 【答案】C 【详解】考查情态动词+have done。句意：——劳驾，请问George在哪儿？——George肯定没有走远。他的咖啡还是热的。A. must have gone肯定离开；B. might have gone可能离开；C. can’t have gone不可能离开；D. needn’t have gone本没有必要离开。结合 His coffee is still warm可知，此处表示对过去情况的否定推测，应用can’t have done。故选C。 19．（23-24高三上·天津·阶段练习）——I can’t find my purse anywhere. ——You have lost it while shopping. A．may B．can C．should D．would 【答案】A 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：——我到处找不到我的钱包了。——你可能是在购物的时候弄丢了。在表示对过去发生的动作不肯定的推测时，常用：may/might have done sth.，故选A。 20．（22-23高三上·天津·阶段练习）—I wonder why Mr Green hasn’t showed up at the meeting yet. —I’m not sure, but he ________ in a traffic jam driving here. A．could be stuck B．might stuck C．might have been stuck D．must have stuck 【答案】C 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：——我想知道为什么格林先生还没有出现在会议上。 ——我不确定，但他可能是在驾车来这里被堵车了。A. could be stuck可能堵车了；B.might stuck可能堵车了；C. might have been stuck可能堵车了；D.must have stuck一定是堵车了。此处表示对于过去已经发生的事情的推测应该用情态动词的完成式，且根据句意可知，应用被动语态，故选C项。 21．（2025·天津·模拟预测）— Penny’s baby daughter narrowly escaped drinking the furniture polish on the coffee table. — Luckily for her. She ______ sick or even died. A．could have got B．should have got C．must have got D．will have got 【答案】A 【详解】考查情态动词+have done的用法辨析。句意：——彭妮的小女儿险些喝了咖啡桌上的家具上光剂。——她真幸运。她本可能生病甚至死亡。A. could have got本可能做某事(实际未发生)；B. should have got本应该做某事(实际未做)；C. must have got一定做了某事(对过去事情的肯定推测)；D. will have got是将来完成时，表示将来某个时间之前已经完成的动作。根据“narrowly escaped drinking the furniture polish”以及“Luckily for her”可知，小女儿幸运地没喝到家具上光剂，否则就可能生病甚至死亡，这里是说一种本可能发生的情况。所以用could have got符合语境。故选A项。 22．（24-25高二下·天津南开·期中）He ________ the exam, but he was too careless. A．should have passed B．could have passed C．might have passed D．must have passed 【答案】B 【详解】考查情态动词+ have done结构。句意：他本可以通过考试的，但他太粗心了。A. should have passed本应该通过（实际未通过，强调应该做而没做）；B. could have passed本能够通过（表示有能力通过但实际未通过）；C. might have passed可能已经通过（表示不确定的推测）；D. must have passed一定已经通过（表示肯定的推测）。根据空后“but he was too careless”可知，他有通过考试的能力，只是因为粗心才没通过，所以用空处应用could have passed。故选B。 23．（2025·天津·二模）Tom’s bedroom is still in a mess. He ________ have cleaned it as he promised yesterday, but he didn’t. A．need B．should C．must D．might 【答案】B 【详解】考查情态动词+have done。句意：Tom的卧室仍然一团糟。他昨天承诺本应该要打扫的，但他没有打扫。A. need需要；B. should应该；C. must必须；D. might可能。根据“but he didn’t.”可知，他昨天承诺本应该要打扫的。should have done 表示“本应该做某事（但实际没做）”。故选B项。 24．（2025高三·全国·专题练习）He ______ have come to the meeting on time, but he was delayed by traffic. A．can B．could C．may D．should 【答案】D 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：他本应该按时来参加会议，但是他被交通耽搁了。should+have done结构表示“本应该做某事（实际没做）”，符合语境。故选D项。 25．（24-25高三上·天津和平·期末）— Sorry, I didn’t make it to the board meeting yesterday. I was otherwise occupied. — Actually, you ______ it. The meeting was called off in the end. A．didn’t need to attend B．shouldn’t have attended C．needn’t have attended D．couldn’t have attended 【答案】A 【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意：——对不起，我昨天没能参加董事会。我有其他事情要处理。——实际上，你本不需要参加。会议最终取消了。 A. didn’t need to attend不需要去参加；B. shouldn’t have attended本不应该去参加；C. needn’t have attended本不需要去参加；D. couldn’t have attended不可能已经参加。说话者并未去会议，且会议已取消，因此此处表示去参加是没有必要的，即不需要去参加，用didn’t need to attend，符合题意。故选A。 26．（24-25高二上·天津和平·阶段练习）He the project on time, but he didn’t put in enough effort and missed the deadline by two days. A．must have finished B．could have finished C．needn’t have finished D．can’t have finished 【答案】B 【详解】考查情态动词+have done。句意：他本来可以按时完成这个项目的，但是他没有付出足够的努力，比最后期限晚了两天。A. must have finished一定已经完成；B. could have finished本能够完成，带有遗憾或责备的意味；C. needn’t have finished本不必完成；D. can’t have finished不可能已经完成。根据“but he didn’t put in enough effort and missed the deadline by two days.”可知，他本可以按时完成这个项目。故选B。 27．（2024·天津南开·二模）They queued (排队) for two hours for nothing. They _________ have been told the tickets were sold out. A．would B．may C．must D．should 【答案】D 【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意：他们白白排队两个小时。他们本应该被告知票已经卖完了。A. would将会；B. may可能；C. must必须；D. should应该。根据空后have been told the tickets were sold out以及常识可知，他们本应该被告知票已经卖完了，这样他们就不需要白白排队两个小时，空处应用should，should have done结构表示“本应该做某事却没做”，符合题意。故选D项。 28．（2024·天津河西·二模）I______ before I came to the new company, for my colleagues here are very friendly and helpful to me. A．couldn’t worry B．couldn’t have worried C．needn’t worry D．needn’t have worried 【答案】D 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：在我来到新公司之前，我本不必担心，因为这里的同事对我非常友好和乐于助人。根据下文“for my colleagues here are very friendly and helpful to me”可知，我本不必担心到新公司的事情，因为这里的同事对我非常友好和乐于助人，但实际上是担心了。needn’t have done意为“本不必做某事，但实际上做了”，符合本题语境；couldn’t have done意为“不可能做了某事”，表示对过去的一种推测。couldn’t do sth. 意为“不能做某事”，needn’t do sth.意为“不需要做某事”，均不符合语境。故选D。 29．（23-24高二上·上海·期末）You can’t imagine that a gentleman ________ so rudely to an old lady. A．shall have behaved B．should have behaved C．could have behaved D．might have behaved 【答案】B 【详解】考查情态动词的用法。句意：你无法想象一位绅士竟然会对一位老太太表现地如此粗鲁。A. shall have behaved应该已经表现；B. should have behaved竟然表现；C. could have behaved本可以表现；D. might have behaved也许已经表现。根据“You can’t imagine”可知，此处表示对这位绅士对老太太的粗鲁表现的惊讶、难以置信，应用should have behaved“竟然表现”。故选B。 30．（2023·天津·一模）Zhang Guimei, a famous moral model, ________ a better life, but caring for neither, she devoted herself to changing the fates of children in the mountains. A．could have enjoyed B．may enjoy C．must have enjoyed D．can enjoy 【答案】A 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：张桂梅，一位著名的道德模范，本可以享受更好的生活，但两者她都不关心，她致力于改变山区儿童的命运。根据情态动词的用法，表示“原本……”含义的情态动词结构为：could have + 过去分词，A项“could have enjoyed(本能够享受)”与句子表达的含义一致，故选A项。 真题溯源·考向感知 ——溯源真题逻辑，感知高考考向 1．（2025·天津·高考真题）You________ rush to finish the report. The deadline has been extended. A．couldn’t B．mustn’t C．needn’t D．wouldn’t 【答案】C 【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意：你不必急于完成这份报告。截止日期已经延长了。A. couldn’t不能；B. mustn’t禁止；C. needn’t不必；D. wouldn’t不会。根据后文“The deadline has been extended.”可知，截止日期已经延长了，不必急于完成这份报告。故选C。 2．（2025·天津·高考真题）No reader remove a book from the library without permission. A．would B．might C．shall D．need 【答案】C 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：未经图书馆管理员允许，任何读者不得将书带出图书馆。考查情态动词。A. would将会；    B. might可能；C. shall将要，将会；D. need需要。shall用于第二、三人称表示命令、威胁、许诺、警告、规定等。故选C。 3．（2023·天津·高考真题）We _________bother with details, for our teammates will do everything in their power to help us. A．mustn’t B．daren’t C．needn’t D．can’t 【答案】C 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：我们不必为细节而烦恼，因为我们的队友会尽全力帮助我们。A. mustn’t禁止；B. daren’t不敢；C. needn’t不必；D. can’t不能。根据“for our teammates will do everything in their power to help us”可知，因为我们队友会全力帮助我们，所以我们不必为细节烦恼。故选C。 4．（2021·天津·高考真题）It used to be that you ___drive for miles here without seeing another person, but now there are houses and people everywhere. A．need B．should C．could D．must 【答案】C 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：以前你可能在这里开了几英里，都没见过别人，但现在到处都是房子和人。A. need 需要；B. should 应该，理应如此； C. could 可能，表示对客观可能性的推测；D. must 一定，必须。根据前半句意思可知，表示的是对客观可能性的推测。故选C。 5．（2020·天津·高考真题）Jim says we ______ stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy . A．must B．can C．need D．should 【答案】B 【详解】考查情态动词。句意:吉姆说我们可以住在他的房子里，只要我们保持它干净整洁。A. must必须；B. can能，可以；C. need需要；D. should应该。根据后面的“as long as we leave it clean and tidy”可知，Jim许可我们待在他的房子里，即:我们”能，可以”待在他的房子里。故选B。 6．（2018·天津·高考真题）—What’s wrong with the door? —The key has got stuck in it and ______ come out. A．shouldn’t B．mustn’t C．needn’t D．won’t 【答案】D 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：---门怎么了?---钥匙卡在里面出不来了。A. shouldn’t不应该；B. mustn’t禁止；C. needn’t    不需要；D. won’t不会。won’t表示拒绝时，其主语有时可以是“物”。故选D项。 7．（2019·天津·高考真题）The professor warned the students that on no account ________ use mobile phones in his class. A．should they B．they should C．dare they D．they dare 【答案】A 【详解】考查部分倒装和情态动词。句意：这位教授警告学生们，在他的课堂上，决不应该使用手机。on no account意为“决不”，否定词放在句首，句子使用部分倒装，排除B、D项；这里表示应该，故选A。 8．（2016·天津·高考真题）(2016·天津) It was really annoying; I ________ get access to the data bank you had recommended. A．wouldn’t B．couldn’t C．shouldn’t D．needn’t 【答案】B 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：这真是令人生气的；我不能进入你推荐的数据库。A. wouldn’t不愿意；B. couldn’t不能；C. shouldn’t不应该；D. needn’t不必。故选B。 9．（2013·天津·高考真题）No one________ be more generous；he has a heart of gold. A．could B．must C．dare D．need 【答案】A 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：没有人比他更慷慨；他有一颗金子般的心。A.could可能；B.must必须；C.dare胆敢，敢于；D.need需要。could“可能”，用在否定句中表示推测。根据句意，故选A项。 10．（2012·天津·高考真题）It’s quite warm here; we __________turn the heating on yet. A．couldn’t B．mustn’t C．needn’t D．wouldn’t 【答案】C 【分析】考查情态动词。句意：今天很暖和，我们不需要开暖气。couldn’t不能；mustn’t禁止；needn’t不必；wouldn’t不会。根据上文“这里相当暖和”可以推知下文应该是：我们没必要开暖气。故选C。 11．（2018·天津·高考真题）I can't find my purse. I___________ it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'm not sure. A．should leave B．must have left C．might leave D．could have left 【答案】D 【详解】考查情态动词表推测。句意：我不能找到我的钱包了，昨天我有可能把它落到超市了，但我不确定。根据句中时间状语yesterday可知，是对过去事情的推测，故用情态动词+ have done，再根据后句but I’m not sure.可知，此推测为不能肯定的推测，故用情态动词could，表示“可能”。故选D。 【点睛】情态动词是每年高考的热点也是难点。本题抓住两点：第一、时态。根据句中时间状语可以判断出是对过去事情的推测，故用情态动词 + have done；如果是对现在事情的推测，才用情态动词+v原形。第二、情态动词的选择。must为肯定推测，表示“一定”，could为不肯定推测，表示“可能”，这样就能选出正确答案。 12．（2021·天津·高考真题）---I honestly don't think I'm going to be admitted. ---Well, you never know! You________ a better impression than you think. A．may have made B．should have made C．couldn't have made D．needn't have made 【答案】A 【详解】考查情态动词用法。句意：—老实说，我觉得我不会被录取。—唉，谁知道呢!你给人的印象可能比你想象的要好。A.may have made 可能；B.should have made本应该做；C.couldn't have made不可能做；D.needn't have made本不必做。根据句意可知，此处表示的是有可能，故选A。 13．（2019·天津·高考真题）Paul did a great job in the speech contest. He many times last week. A．need have practised B．might practise C．must have practised D．could practise 【答案】C 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：保罗在演讲比赛中表现得很好。他上星期一定练习了很多次。must have done是对过去发生的动作最有把握的猜测，意思是“一定”。故C选项正确。 14．（2017·天津·高考真题）Someone ____the tap on, for the water was running over and flooding the bathroom. A．could leave B．must have left C．might leave D．should have left 【答案】B 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：一定是有人没关水龙头，因为水溢出来淹了浴室。根据句中的for the water was running over and flooding the bathroom可知，此处表示“对过去事情的肯定推测”，意义为“必定做了……”，应该用must have done形式表推测。故选B项。 15．（2008·天津·高考真题）She ______ have left school, for her bike is still here. A．can’t B．wouldn’t C．shouldn’t D．needn’t 【答案】A 【详解】考查情态动词用法。句意：她不可能离开学校了，因为她的自行车还在这里。A.can’t have done 不可能做过某事；B .wouldn’t have done不会做某事（虚拟语气）；C. shouldn’t have done 本不应该做某事；D. needn’t have done 本来没必要做某事。 根据后句her bike is still here可知此处是有把握的判断。故A选项正确。 1 / 19 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $