专题10 主谓一致（复习讲义）（天津专用）2027年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

该高中英语讲义聚焦主谓一致核心考点，依据语法一致、意义一致、就近一致三大原则系统梳理考点，结合命题透视研判考情、思维建模构建框架、考点精讲拆解核心、真题溯源感知考向，通过考点梳理、方法归纳、真题训练等环节，帮助学生建立主谓一致知识体系，突破语境化解题难点。 资料以“语境语法”为核心，通过例句对比（如集体名词family表整体与成员时的单复数差异）培养学生思维品质，设置基础、中档、难题分层练习，结合近年高考真题强化语言能力，助力学生高效掌握解题范式，为教师精准把控复习节奏、提升学生应考能力提供有力支撑。

专题10 主谓一致 内容导航 01 命题透视·考情前瞻 对标素养，研判高考命题趋势 02 思维建模·脉络梳理 搭建知识框架，构建系统思维 03 考点精讲·靶向突破 拆解核心考点，归纳解题范式 04 真题溯源·考向感知 溯源真题逻辑，感知高考考向 命题透视·考情前瞻 ——对标素养，研判高考命题趋势 考点频次总结 2025 首考 2025 二考 2024 首考 2024 二考 2023 首考 2023 二考 2022 首考 2022 二考 2021 首考 2021 二考 14，现在完成时及主谓一致 7，过去完成时及其被动 3，现在完成进行时 6，现在完成时及其被动 11，将来进行时 12，现在完成时及主谓一致 7，现在进行时及其被动 10，过去完成时 2，一般过去时及其被动语态 3，现在完成时 4，过去完成时及其被动语态 备注 谓语动词在高考单选中的考察是及时态、语态和主谓一致的综合，本专题聚焦于主谓一致维度。 考情分析 语篇选材贴近时代与生活，涵盖社会、科技、环保等多元领域；基础题占 60%，中档题 30%，难题 10%，区分度清晰；强调 “语境语法”，需结合语义与逻辑解题。 复习目标 结合近年天真题，此类题目延续 “语境化” 考查，纯语法题占比持续下降；核心考点稳定，语篇选材更注重人文关怀与跨学科视野，重点考察时态、语态和主谓一致三大考点的综合分析。 思维建模·脉络梳理 ——搭建知识框架，构建系统思维 考点精讲·靶向突破 ——拆解核心考点，归纳解题范式 知●识●解●构 一致原则 考点详解 例句 一 语法一致 （谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致） 1. 以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式； 主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。 His father is working on the farm. To study English well is not easy. Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes. What he said is very important for us all. The children were in the classroom two hours ago. 2. 由连接词and或both …and…连接起来的合成主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。 Lucy and Lily are twins. She and I are classmates. The boy and the girl were surprised. Both she and he are Young Pioneers. 3. 主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟有with，along with，together with，except，but，like，besides，as well as，rather than，more than，in addition to，apart from，without，no less than，besides，including等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式； 若主语为复数，谓语用复数形式。 也可以记作为：就前一致 Mr. Green，together with his wife and children，has come to China. Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground. She，like you and Tom，is very tall. 4. either，neither，each，every 或no +单数名词和由some，any，no，every构成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。 Each of us has a new book. Everything around us is matter. 5. 在定语从句中，关系代词that，who， which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。从句主语和先行词保持一致。 He is one of my friends who are working hard. He is the only one of my friends who is working hard. 7. 在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。 There comes the bus. On the wall are many pictures. Such is the result. Such are the facts. 8.Many a，more than one与单数名词组成的短语，谓语动词用单数。 Many a boy has seen it. More than one student is required to redo the homework. 一致原则 考点详解 例句 二 意义一致 （主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致） 1. what，who，which，any，more，all等代词可以是单数，也可是复数，主要靠意思来决定。 Which is your bag？Which are your bags？ All is going well. All have gone to Beijing. 2. 由“a lot of，lots of，plenty of，the rest of，the majority of, half of +名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。 There are a lot of people in the classroom. The rest of the lecture is wonderful. 50% of the students in our class are girls. 注：a number of 与the number of的区别 3. 表示“时间、重量、长度、价值”等的名词的复数作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式，这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体。 Thirty minutes is enough for the work. Ten miles is too long. 4. 如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数；如果它指集体的成员，其谓语动词就用复数形式。 这些词有family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience, public, team, govement, group等。 Class Four is on the third floor四班在三楼 Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor. 四班同学不能就班长人选达成一致 注：people，police，cattle等名词一般都用作复数。 如：The police are looking for the lost child. 5.某些名词如people, police, cattle等，形式上是单数，但是意义上是复数，谓语动词用复数。 people指民族的时候，是例外 The police are searching for a thief. The cattle are eating grass on the hill. 6.不定代词作主语，谓语动词要用单数，如someone, somebody, something, anybody, nobody, nothing 等 Someone is asking for you. 7. 若主语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。 “The Arabian Nights” is an interesting story-book. 8. 表数量的短语“one and a half”后接复数名词作主语时，其谓语动词可用单数形式。 One and a half apples is left on the table. 9. 算式中表示数目（字）的主语通常作单数看待，其谓语动词采用单数形式。 Twelve plus eight is twenty. Fifty-six divided by eight is seven. 10. 一些名词是以 –s 结尾,如：mathematics，politics，physics以及news，works, plastics等，都属于形式上是复数的名词，实际意义为单数名词，它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。 The paper works was built in 1990. I think physics isn‘t easy to study. 11. trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes, jeans, pants,等词作主语时，谓语用复数，但如果这些名词前有a（the） pair of等量词修饰时，谓语动词用单数。 My glasses are broken. The pair of shoes under the bed is his.  12. “定冠词the + 形容词或分词”，表示某一类人时，动词用复数。 The old are taken good care of. 13. a (large) quantity of 修饰可数或不可数名词，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 A large quantity of people is needed here. 注意：quantities一般用复数。 Quantities of food (nuts) were on the table. 14.a great deal of, a large amount of 修饰不可数名词， 作主语时， 谓语动词通常用单数； large amounts of 修饰不可数名词， 作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数。 A large amount of (A great deal of) damage was done in a very short time. Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge. 15.单复数同形的名词，作主语时，其谓语动词要由上下文决定，这类名词有：means、works、deer、fish、sheep、Chinese、Japanese等。 Not every means is useful. Not means are useful. 16. a number of 作主语时，谓语动词用复数； 以the number of作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 A number of new books are on the desk. The number of students in you class is 50. 三 就近一致 （谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语） 1. 当两个主语由either...or...，neither...nor...，whether...or...，not only...but also...，not...but...连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。 Either the teacher or the students are our friends. Neither they nor he is wholly right. 2. there be句型的be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。 There are two chairs and a desk in the room. Here引导的句子用法同上。 如：Here is a map and a handbook for you. 3.在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。 Between the two windows hangs a picture. 主谓一致 在英语中，句子谓语动词的形式应与主语的人称和数保持一致。高考关于该内容的考查包括以下三个方面：语法一致、逻辑意义一致以及就近(远)一致原则。 一、语法一致原则 只要确定句子的主语为单数意义，则谓语用单数，句子的主语为复数意义，则谓语用复数。 1.以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式。 ①The children ______________(not allow) to watch violent TV programmes.  儿童不准收看含暴力内容的电视节目。(are not allowed) ②To study English well _______(be) very necessary in the modern society.  在当今的社会，学好英语是非常必要的。(is) ③Living in a boarding school _______(make) me independent, which has a great effect on me. 住在寄宿学校使我独立，这对我的影响很大。(makes) ④I’m not saying what he did _______(be) good, don’t misunderstand me.  别误会我，我并不是说他所做的就是好事。(was) 注意：①由what，who引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式： What I say is helpful to you. What I bought were three English books. ②两个不定式结构或动名词短语作主语时，如果是两个概念，用复数形式；如果是一个问题的两个 方面，用单数形式： Going shopping and working out in the gym are what she does in her spare time. 她空闲时间都去购物和体育馆锻炼。 Where and when to hold the sports meet hasn’t been decided. 在哪儿和什么时间开运动会还没有决定。 Early to rise and early to bed is good for our health.早起早睡对我们的健康有好处。 2.由连接词and或both...and连接起来的合成主语后面，要用谓语动词的复数形式。 ①Tom and Jim _______(carry out) an important experiment in the lab now. 汤姆和吉米正在实验室做一个重要的实验。(are carrying out) ②Both his father and mother _______(work) in a hospital. 他的爸爸和妈妈都在一家医院工作。(work) 注意点请参看下面的“逻辑意义一致原则”。 3.either, neither, each, every或no＋单数名词和由some, any, no, every构成的复合不定代词，都看作单数。 ①Each of us _______(have) something to say on the topic. 在这个话题上，我们每个人都有话说。(has) ②Everything around us _______(seem) to be changing. 我们身边的一切似乎都在改变。(seems) 注意：①在口语中当either或neither后跟有“of＋复数名词(或代词)”作主语时，其谓语动词可用单数也可 用复数。 Neither of the texts is (are) interesting.这两篇文章都很没趣。 ②若none of后面的名词是不可数名词，它的谓语动词就要用单数；若它后面的名词是复数，它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。 None of us has (have) been to America.我们中谁也没有去过美国。 4.在定语从句中，关系代词that, who, which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。 ①Jane is one of the best students in her class who _______(praise) by their teacher. 简是被老师表扬的最好的学生之一。(are praised) ②He is the only one of the teachers who _______(know) French in our school. 他是我们学校老师中唯一懂法语的。(knows) 5.如果集体名词指的是整个集体，谓语动词用单数；如果指集体中的成员，其谓语动词就用复数形式。这类词有family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience, public, board, class, team, group, company, crew, enemy, government, herd, jury, party等。 ①Class Four _______(be)on the third floor.四班在三楼。(is) ②Class Four _______(be)unable to agree upon a monitor. 四班学生在选班长的事情上没能达成一致。(are) 注意：people, police, cattle, youth等名词一般都用作复数。 The police are looking for the lost child. 警察正在寻找丢失的孩子。 6.由“a lot of/lots of/plenty of/the rest of/the majority of＋名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数＋名词”构成的短语作主语，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。 ①A lot of money _______(spend) on the bridge, which is expected to be completed next month. 建这座桥已经花费了大笔的钱，工程有望在下个月完成。(has been spent) ②The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which _______(save) for other purposes. 该工厂使用了65%的原材料，其余的用作其它用途。(were saved) ③Our school has about 100 computers, but only sixty percent _______(use) regularly. 我们学校大约有100台电脑，但只有60%的电脑经常使用。(are used) 注意：①a number of“许多”，作定语修饰复数名词，谓语用复数；the number of“……的数量”，主语是number，谓语用单数。 The number of children who _______(lose) both parents to aids _______(be)also expected to rise. 因艾滋病失去双亲的儿童的人数预计要上升。(have lost, is) Recently a number of workers _______(leave) the company. 最近有很多工人离开了该公司。(have left) ②a quantity/amount of修饰名词时，谓语动词的数与其所修饰的名词的数保持一致；quantities /amounts of修饰名词时，谓语动词用复数。 When he went in, he found that a quantity of food _______(be) on the table. 当他进去时，发现餐桌上摆满了丰盛的食物。 (was) Quantities of information _______(be)available on the Internet.在网上可得到大量的信息。(are) 二、逻辑意义一致原则 1.若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。 Now the writer and artist _______(give)a lecture in the school about translation. 现在那位作家兼艺术家正在我们学校作关于翻译的讲座。(is giving) 2.由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no, each, every, more than a(an), many a(an)修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。 After they volunteered in the library, each book and each paper________(be)in proper place. 从他们去图书馆做志愿者工作以后，每本书和每张报纸都摆放得井井有条。(was) 3.many a, more than one和a＋名词单数＋or two作主语时，谓语动词用单数。many a的意思是“许多”，more than one的意思是“不止一个”，a＋名词单数＋or two的意思是“一个或两个”，从意义上讲，它们表示复数，但用作主语时，谓语却习惯上用单数。 ①Many a customer ________ (lose) through negligence of service in the last few years.  最近几年由于服务不周失去了许多老主顾。(has been lost) ②More than one foreign country leader ________ (come) to China for the international conference in the last three days.最近三天已经有不止一位外国领导人来中国参加这次国际会议。(has come) ③A worker or two ________(be)going to be sent to work abroad.一两个工人将被派往国外去工作。(is) 5.trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes等词作主语时，谓语用复数，但如果这些名词前有a(the)pair of等量词修饰时，谓语动词则用单数。 ①My glasses ________(break). I have to buy a new pair. 我的眼镜坏，我要买副新的。(are broken) ②The pair of glasses  ________(make)him look smart. 这副眼镜使得他看起来很神气。(makes) 6.“定冠词the＋形容词或分词”，表示某一类人时，谓语动词用复数；表示某一个人时，谓语动词用单数。 ①Generation gap means that parents have old-fashioned values while the young  ________(have)the opposite.  代沟的意思是父辈们的价值观念是老式的而年轻人正相反。(have) ②Yesterday an accident happened on the road and a person was injured. The injured ________(rush)to hospital.昨天路上发生了一起事故，一个人受伤了。伤者很快被送到医院。(was rushed) 注意：有个别的“the＋形容词”结构既表示单数意义，也表示复数意义，若用作主语，谓语动词用单数还是复数需视情况而定。如：the good指“好人”时表复数意义，指“善”时表单数意义；the accused指一名被告时表单数意义，指多名被告时表复数意义。比较： The beautiful is not always the good, and the good is not always the true.美未必是善，善未必是真。 The accused was acquitted of the charge.被告被宣告无罪。(指一人) The accused were acquitted of the charge.被告均被宣告无罪。(指多人) 三、就近(远)一致原则 1.当两个主语由either...or, neither...nor, whether...or..., not only...but also连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。 ①Either you or he ________(have) to stay at home this afternoon. 今天下午或者是你或者是他必须呆在家。(has) ②Neither Jack nor I  ________(see) this film.杰克和我都没有看过这部电影。(have seen) ③_______ either you or he often ________(have)lunch at school? 是你还是他经常在学校吃完饭啊？(Do, have) 2.当一个句子是由 there 或here引起，而主语又不止一个时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。 There are two chairs and a desk in the room.房间里有两把椅子、一张桌子。 There is a desk and two chairs in the room.房间里有一张桌子、两把椅子。 Here is a pen, a few envelopes and some paper in the drawer.抽屉里有一支钢笔,几个信封和一些纸。 3.在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。 There comes the bus.公共汽车来了。 On the wall are many pictures. 墙上有很多照片。 Such is the result. 结果就是这样。 Such are the facts. 事实就是如此。 In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people. 在远处就可以听到人们的鼓掌声喝彩声。 4.主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟有with, together with, along with, except, but(除了), like, as well as, rather than，more than, no less than, besides, including等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数，谓语动词用复数形式。 考●向●破●译 1．（2026·天津滨海新区·三模）Over the past few years, the eastern coast, together with its surrounding scenic beaches, ________ a favored getaway for travelers seeking peace and natural beauty. A．have become B．has become C．are becoming D．is becoming 2．（2026·天津河西·二模）— Why haven’t you finished the project report yet? — To be honest, neither the manager’s constant changes to the plan nor the lack of reliable data________ the main trouble. It’s just that I’ve been waiting for the lab results, which are expected to arrive this afternoon. A．create B．creates C．are to create D．is to create 3．（2026·天津东丽·一模）The number of applications for the science club ___ since the opening of the new lab. A．are growing B．is growing C．have grown D．has grown 4．（25-26高二下·天津西青·开学考试）A few destinations, as well as the new policy ______ increased interest since the new governor took office. A．has experienced B．have experienced C．was experiencing D．experienced 5．（2026·天津南开·一模）Many a student in our grade ________ professional English learning apps to assist with vocabulary accumulation since the new term began, and the effect is obvious. A．has used B．have used C．used D．uses 6．（25-26高三上·天津和平·开学考试）Up to now, more than one generation of children ________ amazed by his bravery and his scientific approach to looking for the truth. A．have been B．had been C．will have been D．has been 7．（2025·天津北辰·三模）Every boy and every girl ________ the 2024 New Year Day in our classroom when suddenly our beloved principal entered the classroom, conveying the best wishes and expectations to us. A．would observe B．observed C．were observing D．was observing 8．（24-25高三上·天津和平·期末）Many a new apartment building ______ in the quake-stricken area currently, so we have confidence that the city will take on a new look sooner than previously expected. A．are rebuilt B．is being rebuilt C．was been rebuilding D．have been rebuilt 9．（2025·天津红桥·一模）Two-thirds of the desert in that district ________ covered with trees and grass. A．have been B．has been C．have D．has 10．（2024·天津南开·模拟预测）Shi Yuqi, as well as his badminton team members, ______ a gold medal at the Thomas Cup Awarding Ceremony on May 5th. A．is awarded B．are awarded C．was awarded D．were awarded 11．（2024·天津和平·三模）Not only some international stars but also the Chinese singer and dancer ______ wonderful performances at the concert recently. A．had given B．have given C．is giving D．has given 12．（2024·天津滨海新区·三模）Many a measure ______ to develop local industries and promote tourism since the launch of the Green Rural Program. A．has been taken B．are taken C．have been taken D．is taken 13．（2024·天津北辰·三模）—Hey! Here is a message on my cellphone, telling me that I have won the prize of a weekend for two in Rome. —Delete it! It’s a trick. Many a person ______ by such tricks. A．was cheated B．were cheated C．has been cheated D．have been cheated 14．（2024·天津宁河·一模）Since last month, George, along with some of his former classmates, ________ to have enjoy this summer holiday. A．have desired B．desired C．have been desiring D．has been desiring 15．（23-24高三上·天津河西·期末）The villagers hope that the world knows more about their traditional art that _________ for hundreds of years through the TV program. A．preserved B．has been preserved C．will be preserved D．was preserved 16．（2023·天津河西·三模）Jenny, along with two boys in our school, ______ to London to attend an international meeting the other day. A．are invited B．is invited C．were invited D．was invited 17．（22-23高三下·天津南开·阶段检测）On discovering that Morrie ____ by a severe illness, Mitch starts visiting him at his house on Tuesdays. A．is weakened B．is weakening C．is being weakened D．has weakened 18．（2022·天津南开·三模）Everybody ________to know the law, but few people do. A．suppose B．supposes C．is supposed D．supposed 19．（2022·天津滨海新区·一模）As fossil fuels are unsustainable, alternative energy, such as sunlight, wind and water, _____ currently. A．was employed B．is being employed C．were employed D．are being employed 20．（2021·天津和平·一模）Excuse me, Madam. Ellen, a journalist from the Daily Mail ________all day. Could you speak to him now? A．was phoned B．has been phoned C．is phoning D．has been phoning 真题溯源·考向感知 ——溯源真题逻辑，感知高考考向 1．（2023·天津·高考真题）Human impact on the animal kingdom, such as hunting and destruction of habitats, ___________a reduction in the population of certain species in the past three decades. A．has caused B．have caused C．was causing D．were causing 2．（2022·天津·高考真题）Critical reasoning, together with problem-solving, ________ teenagers to make better decisions. A．prepare B．prepares C．is preparing D．are preparing 3．（2020·天津·高考真题）The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and ______ around that level ever since. A．are remaining B．have remained C．is remaining D．has remained 4．（2020·天津·高考真题）A survey carried out last year showed that 80% of the middle-aged in this city ____________ in favour of the proposal on health care reform. A．is B．are C．was D．were 5．（2017·天津·高考真题）The number of firms selling computers in this region ________ since January 2012. A．are dropping B．is dropping C．have dropped D．has dropped 6．（2017·天津·高考真题）Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, ___________ as one of the best all-round forms of exercise. A．regard B．is regarded C．are regarded D．regards 7．（2012·天津·高考真题）The letters for the boss___________ on his desk but he didn’t read them until 3 days later. A．were put B．was put C．put D．has put 8．（2007·天津·高考真题） If Newton lived today, he would be surprise by what ____ in science and technology. A．had discovered B．had been discovered C．has discovered D．has been discovered 1 / 19 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题10 主谓一致 内容导航 01 命题透视·考情前瞻 对标素养，研判高考命题趋势 02 思维建模·脉络梳理 搭建知识框架，构建系统思维 03 考点精讲·靶向突破 拆解核心考点，归纳解题范式 04 真题溯源·考向感知 溯源真题逻辑，感知高考考向 命题透视·考情前瞻 ——对标素养，研判高考命题趋势 考点频次总结 2025 首考 2025 二考 2024 首考 2024 二考 2023 首考 2023 二考 2022 首考 2022 二考 2021 首考 2021 二考 14，现在完成时及主谓一致 7，过去完成时及其被动 3，现在完成进行时 6，现在完成时及其被动 11，将来进行时 12，现在完成时及主谓一致 7，现在进行时及其被动 10，过去完成时 2，一般过去时及其被动语态 3，现在完成时 4，过去完成时及其被动语态 备注 谓语动词在高考单选中的考察是及时态、语态和主谓一致的综合，本专题聚焦于主谓一致维度。 考情分析 语篇选材贴近时代与生活，涵盖社会、科技、环保等多元领域；基础题占 60%，中档题 30%，难题 10%，区分度清晰；强调 “语境语法”，需结合语义与逻辑解题。 复习目标 结合近年天真题，此类题目延续 “语境化” 考查，纯语法题占比持续下降；核心考点稳定，语篇选材更注重人文关怀与跨学科视野，重点考察时态、语态和主谓一致三大考点的综合分析。 思维建模·脉络梳理 ——搭建知识框架，构建系统思维 考点精讲·靶向突破 ——拆解核心考点，归纳解题范式 知●识●解●构 一致原则 考点详解 例句 一 语法一致 （谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致） 1. 以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式； 主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。 His father is working on the farm. To study English well is not easy. Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes. What he said is very important for us all. The children were in the classroom two hours ago. 2. 由连接词and或both …and…连接起来的合成主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。 Lucy and Lily are twins. She and I are classmates. The boy and the girl were surprised. Both she and he are Young Pioneers. 3. 主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟有with，along with，together with，except，but，like，besides，as well as，rather than，more than，in addition to，apart from，without，no less than，besides，including等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式； 若主语为复数，谓语用复数形式。 也可以记作为：就前一致 Mr. Green，together with his wife and children，has come to China. Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground. She，like you and Tom，is very tall. 4. either，neither，each，every 或no +单数名词和由some，any，no，every构成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。 Each of us has a new book. Everything around us is matter. 5. 在定语从句中，关系代词that，who， which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。从句主语和先行词保持一致。 He is one of my friends who are working hard. He is the only one of my friends who is working hard. 7. 在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。 There comes the bus. On the wall are many pictures. Such is the result. Such are the facts. 8.Many a，more than one与单数名词组成的短语，谓语动词用单数。 Many a boy has seen it. More than one student is required to redo the homework. 一致原则 考点详解 例句 二 意义一致 （主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致） 1. what，who，which，any，more，all等代词可以是单数，也可是复数，主要靠意思来决定。 Which is your bag？Which are your bags？ All is going well. All have gone to Beijing. 2. 由“a lot of，lots of，plenty of，the rest of，the majority of, half of +名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。 There are a lot of people in the classroom. The rest of the lecture is wonderful. 50% of the students in our class are girls. 注：a number of 与the number of的区别 3. 表示“时间、重量、长度、价值”等的名词的复数作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式，这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体。 Thirty minutes is enough for the work. Ten miles is too long. 4. 如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数；如果它指集体的成员，其谓语动词就用复数形式。 这些词有family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience, public, team, govement, group等。 Class Four is on the third floor四班在三楼 Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor. 四班同学不能就班长人选达成一致 注：people，police，cattle等名词一般都用作复数。 如：The police are looking for the lost child. 5.某些名词如people, police, cattle等，形式上是单数，但是意义上是复数，谓语动词用复数。 people指民族的时候，是例外 The police are searching for a thief. The cattle are eating grass on the hill. 6.不定代词作主语，谓语动词要用单数，如someone, somebody, something, anybody, nobody, nothing 等 Someone is asking for you. 7. 若主语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。 “The Arabian Nights” is an interesting story-book. 8. 表数量的短语“one and a half”后接复数名词作主语时，其谓语动词可用单数形式。 One and a half apples is left on the table. 9. 算式中表示数目（字）的主语通常作单数看待，其谓语动词采用单数形式。 Twelve plus eight is twenty. Fifty-six divided by eight is seven. 10. 一些名词是以 –s 结尾,如：mathematics，politics，physics以及news，works, plastics等，都属于形式上是复数的名词，实际意义为单数名词，它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。 The paper works was built in 1990. I think physics isn‘t easy to study. 11. trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes, jeans, pants,等词作主语时，谓语用复数，但如果这些名词前有a（the） pair of等量词修饰时，谓语动词用单数。 My glasses are broken. The pair of shoes under the bed is his.  12. “定冠词the + 形容词或分词”，表示某一类人时，动词用复数。 The old are taken good care of. 13. a (large) quantity of 修饰可数或不可数名词，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 A large quantity of people is needed here. 注意：quantities一般用复数。 Quantities of food (nuts) were on the table. 14.a great deal of, a large amount of 修饰不可数名词， 作主语时， 谓语动词通常用单数； large amounts of 修饰不可数名词， 作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数。 A large amount of (A great deal of) damage was done in a very short time. Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge. 15.单复数同形的名词，作主语时，其谓语动词要由上下文决定，这类名词有：means、works、deer、fish、sheep、Chinese、Japanese等。 Not every means is useful. Not means are useful. 16. a number of 作主语时，谓语动词用复数； 以the number of作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 A number of new books are on the desk. The number of students in you class is 50. 三 就近一致 （谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语） 1. 当两个主语由either...or...，neither...nor...，whether...or...，not only...but also...，not...but...连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。 Either the teacher or the students are our friends. Neither they nor he is wholly right. 2. there be句型的be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。 There are two chairs and a desk in the room. Here引导的句子用法同上。 如：Here is a map and a handbook for you. 3.在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。 Between the two windows hangs a picture. 主谓一致 在英语中，句子谓语动词的形式应与主语的人称和数保持一致。高考关于该内容的考查包括以下三个方面：语法一致、逻辑意义一致以及就近(远)一致原则。 一、语法一致原则 只要确定句子的主语为单数意义，则谓语用单数，句子的主语为复数意义，则谓语用复数。 1.以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式。 ①The children ______________(not allow) to watch violent TV programmes.  儿童不准收看含暴力内容的电视节目。(are not allowed) ②To study English well _______(be) very necessary in the modern society.  在当今的社会，学好英语是非常必要的。(is) ③Living in a boarding school _______(make) me independent, which has a great effect on me. 住在寄宿学校使我独立，这对我的影响很大。(makes) ④I’m not saying what he did _______(be) good, don’t misunderstand me.  别误会我，我并不是说他所做的就是好事。(was) 注意：①由what，who引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式： What I say is helpful to you. What I bought were three English books. ②两个不定式结构或动名词短语作主语时，如果是两个概念，用复数形式；如果是一个问题的两个 方面，用单数形式： Going shopping and working out in the gym are what she does in her spare time. 她空闲时间都去购物和体育馆锻炼。 Where and when to hold the sports meet hasn’t been decided. 在哪儿和什么时间开运动会还没有决定。 Early to rise and early to bed is good for our health.早起早睡对我们的健康有好处。 2.由连接词and或both...and连接起来的合成主语后面，要用谓语动词的复数形式。 ①Tom and Jim _______(carry out) an important experiment in the lab now. 汤姆和吉米正在实验室做一个重要的实验。(are carrying out) ②Both his father and mother _______(work) in a hospital. 他的爸爸和妈妈都在一家医院工作。(work) 注意点请参看下面的“逻辑意义一致原则”。 3.either, neither, each, every或no＋单数名词和由some, any, no, every构成的复合不定代词，都看作单数。 ①Each of us _______(have) something to say on the topic. 在这个话题上，我们每个人都有话说。(has) ②Everything around us _______(seem) to be changing. 我们身边的一切似乎都在改变。(seems) 注意：①在口语中当either或neither后跟有“of＋复数名词(或代词)”作主语时，其谓语动词可用单数也可 用复数。 Neither of the texts is (are) interesting.这两篇文章都很没趣。 ②若none of后面的名词是不可数名词，它的谓语动词就要用单数；若它后面的名词是复数，它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。 None of us has (have) been to America.我们中谁也没有去过美国。 4.在定语从句中，关系代词that, who, which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。 ①Jane is one of the best students in her class who _______(praise) by their teacher. 简是被老师表扬的最好的学生之一。(are praised) ②He is the only one of the teachers who _______(know) French in our school. 他是我们学校老师中唯一懂法语的。(knows) 5.如果集体名词指的是整个集体，谓语动词用单数；如果指集体中的成员，其谓语动词就用复数形式。这类词有family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience, public, board, class, team, group, company, crew, enemy, government, herd, jury, party等。 ①Class Four _______(be)on the third floor.四班在三楼。(is) ②Class Four _______(be)unable to agree upon a monitor. 四班学生在选班长的事情上没能达成一致。(are) 注意：people, police, cattle, youth等名词一般都用作复数。 The police are looking for the lost child. 警察正在寻找丢失的孩子。 6.由“a lot of/lots of/plenty of/the rest of/the majority of＋名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数＋名词”构成的短语作主语，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。 ①A lot of money _______(spend) on the bridge, which is expected to be completed next month. 建这座桥已经花费了大笔的钱，工程有望在下个月完成。(has been spent) ②The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which _______(save) for other purposes. 该工厂使用了65%的原材料，其余的用作其它用途。(were saved) ③Our school has about 100 computers, but only sixty percent _______(use) regularly. 我们学校大约有100台电脑，但只有60%的电脑经常使用。(are used) 注意：①a number of“许多”，作定语修饰复数名词，谓语用复数；the number of“……的数量”，主语是number，谓语用单数。 The number of children who _______(lose) both parents to aids _______(be)also expected to rise. 因艾滋病失去双亲的儿童的人数预计要上升。(have lost, is) Recently a number of workers _______(leave) the company. 最近有很多工人离开了该公司。(have left) ②a quantity/amount of修饰名词时，谓语动词的数与其所修饰的名词的数保持一致；quantities /amounts of修饰名词时，谓语动词用复数。 When he went in, he found that a quantity of food _______(be) on the table. 当他进去时，发现餐桌上摆满了丰盛的食物。 (was) Quantities of information _______(be)available on the Internet.在网上可得到大量的信息。(are) 二、逻辑意义一致原则 1.若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。 Now the writer and artist _______(give)a lecture in the school about translation. 现在那位作家兼艺术家正在我们学校作关于翻译的讲座。(is giving) 2.由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no, each, every, more than a(an), many a(an)修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。 After they volunteered in the library, each book and each paper________(be)in proper place. 从他们去图书馆做志愿者工作以后，每本书和每张报纸都摆放得井井有条。(was) 3.many a, more than one和a＋名词单数＋or two作主语时，谓语动词用单数。many a的意思是“许多”，more than one的意思是“不止一个”，a＋名词单数＋or two的意思是“一个或两个”，从意义上讲，它们表示复数，但用作主语时，谓语却习惯上用单数。 ①Many a customer ________ (lose) through negligence of service in the last few years.  最近几年由于服务不周失去了许多老主顾。(has been lost) ②More than one foreign country leader ________ (come) to China for the international conference in the last three days.最近三天已经有不止一位外国领导人来中国参加这次国际会议。(has come) ③A worker or two ________(be)going to be sent to work abroad.一两个工人将被派往国外去工作。(is) 5.trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes等词作主语时，谓语用复数，但如果这些名词前有a(the)pair of等量词修饰时，谓语动词则用单数。 ①My glasses ________(break). I have to buy a new pair. 我的眼镜坏，我要买副新的。(are broken) ②The pair of glasses  ________(make)him look smart. 这副眼镜使得他看起来很神气。(makes) 6.“定冠词the＋形容词或分词”，表示某一类人时，谓语动词用复数；表示某一个人时，谓语动词用单数。 ①Generation gap means that parents have old-fashioned values while the young  ________(have)the opposite.  代沟的意思是父辈们的价值观念是老式的而年轻人正相反。(have) ②Yesterday an accident happened on the road and a person was injured. The injured ________(rush)to hospital.昨天路上发生了一起事故，一个人受伤了。伤者很快被送到医院。(was rushed) 注意：有个别的“the＋形容词”结构既表示单数意义，也表示复数意义，若用作主语，谓语动词用单数还是复数需视情况而定。如：the good指“好人”时表复数意义，指“善”时表单数意义；the accused指一名被告时表单数意义，指多名被告时表复数意义。比较： The beautiful is not always the good, and the good is not always the true.美未必是善，善未必是真。 The accused was acquitted of the charge.被告被宣告无罪。(指一人) The accused were acquitted of the charge.被告均被宣告无罪。(指多人) 三、就近(远)一致原则 1.当两个主语由either...or, neither...nor, whether...or..., not only...but also连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。 ①Either you or he ________(have) to stay at home this afternoon. 今天下午或者是你或者是他必须呆在家。(has) ②Neither Jack nor I  ________(see) this film.杰克和我都没有看过这部电影。(have seen) ③_______ either you or he often ________(have)lunch at school? 是你还是他经常在学校吃完饭啊？(Do, have) 2.当一个句子是由 there 或here引起，而主语又不止一个时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。 There are two chairs and a desk in the room.房间里有两把椅子、一张桌子。 There is a desk and two chairs in the room.房间里有一张桌子、两把椅子。 Here is a pen, a few envelopes and some paper in the drawer.抽屉里有一支钢笔,几个信封和一些纸。 3.在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。 There comes the bus.公共汽车来了。 On the wall are many pictures. 墙上有很多照片。 Such is the result. 结果就是这样。 Such are the facts. 事实就是如此。 In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people. 在远处就可以听到人们的鼓掌声喝彩声。 4.主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟有with, together with, along with, except, but(除了), like, as well as, rather than，more than, no less than, besides, including等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数，谓语动词用复数形式。 考●向●破●译 1．（2026·天津滨海新区·三模）Over the past few years, the eastern coast, together with its surrounding scenic beaches, ________ a favored getaway for travelers seeking peace and natural beauty. A．have become B．has become C．are becoming D．is becoming 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在过去的几年里，东海岸连同其周围风景优美的海滩，已经成为寻求宁静和自然之美的游客们青睐的度假胜地。根据句中的时间状语“Over the past few years”可知，句子应使用现在完成时，表示过去发生的动作一直持续到现在或对现在造成影响。此外，当主语后跟有“together with...”等介词短语时，谓语动词的单复数形式应与前面的中心主语保持一致（即“就远原则”）。本句的中心主语“the eastern coast”为单数，因此谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式“has become”。 2．（2026·天津河西·二模）— Why haven’t you finished the project report yet? — To be honest, neither the manager’s constant changes to the plan nor the lack of reliable data________ the main trouble. It’s just that I’ve been waiting for the lab results, which are expected to arrive this afternoon. A．create B．creates C．are to create D．is to create 【答案】B 【详解】句意：—— 你为什么还没有完成项目报告？—— 说实话，经理频繁改动计划和缺乏可靠数据都不是主要麻烦。我只是一直在等待实验结果，预计今天下午会送到。neither...nor... 连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词遵循就近原则，靠近谓语的主语是the lack of reliable data，为单数概念，谓语动词用单数形式；本句陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。 3．（2026·天津东丽·一模）The number of applications for the science club ___ since the opening of the new lab. A．are growing B．is growing C．have grown D．has grown 【答案】D 【详解】考查主谓一致和时态。句意：自从新实验室开放以来，申请科学俱乐部的申请数量一直在增长。The number of后面接可数名词复数，谓语动词用单数形式，根据since the opening of the new lab可知，此处应用现在完成时。故选D。 4．（25-26高二下·天津西青·开学考试）A few destinations, as well as the new policy ______ increased interest since the new governor took office. A．has experienced B．have experienced C．was experiencing D．experienced 【答案】B 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：自从新州长上任以来，几个目的地以及这项新政策都带来了越来越高的关注度。根据“since the new governor took office”可知，句子应使用现在完成时，表示从过去某个时间开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态，as well as连接两个名词时，谓语动词与前者保持一致，本句真正主语是A few destinations，为复数名词，助动词用have。故选B项。 5．（2026·天津南开·一模）Many a student in our grade ________ professional English learning apps to assist with vocabulary accumulation since the new term began, and the effect is obvious. A．has used B．have used C．used D．uses 【答案】A 【详解】考查主谓一致和动词时态。句意：自从新学期开始，我们年级许多学生一直在使用专业的英语学习应用程序来帮助积累词汇，效果很明显。“Many a+单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词需用单数形式。且由句中时间状语“since the new term began”可知，动作从过去持续到现在，应用现在完成时。故选A项。 6．（25-26高三上·天津和平·开学考试）Up to now, more than one generation of children ________ amazed by his bravery and his scientific approach to looking for the truth. A．have been B．had been C．will have been D．has been 【答案】D 【详解】考查主谓一致、动词时态与语态。句意：到目前为止，已有不止一代的孩子被他的勇气和探求真理的科学方法所震撼。此处为谓语动词，根据时间状语“Up to now”可知，此处使用现在完成时，强调动作从过去持续到现在；“more than one +单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词需用单数形式，所以谓语动词为has been amazed。故选D项。 7．（2025·天津北辰·三模）Every boy and every girl ________ the 2024 New Year Day in our classroom when suddenly our beloved principal entered the classroom, conveying the best wishes and expectations to us. A．would observe B．observed C．were observing D．was observing 【答案】D 【详解】考查主谓一致及固定句型。 句意：每个男孩和女孩都正在我们的教室里庆祝 2024 年元旦，这时我们敬爱的校长突然走进教室，向我们传达了最美好的祝愿和期望。空处为主句的谓语动词。此处为固定句型：be doing...when...“正在做某事，这时突然……”，根据entered可知，应用过去进行时。当主语由“every...and every...”结构连接时，谓语动词用单数形式。故选D。 8．（24-25高三上·天津和平·期末）Many a new apartment building ______ in the quake-stricken area currently, so we have confidence that the city will take on a new look sooner than previously expected. A．are rebuilt B．is being rebuilt C．was been rebuilding D．have been rebuilt 【答案】B 【详解】考查动词语态。句意：许多新的公寓楼正在地震灾区重建，所以我们有信心这座城市会比预期更快地焕然一新。根据空后的currently的可知，句子描述目前正在发生的事情，时态用现在进行时，且主语Many a new apartment buildings与动词rebuild“重建”为被动关系，用现在进行时的被动语态，“many a+单数名词”作主语时谓语用第三人称单数，be动词用is。故选B。 9．（2025·天津红桥·一模）Two-thirds of the desert in that district ________ covered with trees and grass. A．have been B．has been C．have D．has 【答案】B 【详解】考查被动语态和主谓一致。句意：那个地区三分之二的沙漠已被树木和草地所覆盖。本句的主语中心词desert“沙漠”为不可数名词，三分之二的沙漠仍然是沙漠，不会改变它不可数的属性，所以助动词用has；Two-thirds of the desert和cover为被动关系，需用被动语态。故选B。 10．（2024·天津南开·模拟预测）Shi Yuqi, as well as his badminton team members, ______ a gold medal at the Thomas Cup Awarding Ceremony on May 5th. A．is awarded B．are awarded C．was awarded D．were awarded 【答案】C 【详解】考查动词时态、被动语态、主谓一致。句意：石宇奇和他的羽毛球队成员在5月5日的汤姆斯杯颁奖典礼上被授予一枚金牌。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作谓语，因与主语之间为被动关系，使用被动语态。根据句子中的“on May 5th(在5月5日)”可知，这个动作发生在过去，因此需要使用一般过去时的被动语态。另外，“Shi Yuqi, as well as his badminton team members(石宇奇和他的羽毛球队成员)”表示主语是Shi Yuqi，而"as well as his badminton team members" 作主语的补充，不影响谓语动词的数。因此，谓语动词应该与单数主语"Shi Yuqi"保持一致，使用单数形式，故选C。 11．（2024·天津和平·三模）Not only some international stars but also the Chinese singer and dancer ______ wonderful performances at the concert recently. A．had given B．have given C．is giving D．has given 【答案】D 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：最近，不仅有一些国际明星，就连中国的歌手和舞蹈家也在音乐会上进行了精彩的表演。not only…but also连接的并列成分作主语时，其谓语通常要与靠近的主语保持一致，此处the Chinese singer and dancer为单数，根据后文recently可知为现在完成时，助动词用has。故选D。 12．（2024·天津滨海新区·三模）Many a measure ______ to develop local industries and promote tourism since the launch of the Green Rural Program. A．has been taken B．are taken C．have been taken D．is taken 【答案】A 【详解】考查语态和时态。句意：自从绿色农村计划启动以来，已经采取了许多措施来发展地方工业和促进旅游业。根据“since the launch of the Green Rural Program”可知，本句为现在完成时，Many a measure 与谓语take为被动关系，Many a +单数名词，谓语动词为单数。故选A。 13．（2024·天津北辰·三模）—Hey! Here is a message on my cellphone, telling me that I have won the prize of a weekend for two in Rome. —Delete it! It’s a trick. Many a person ______ by such tricks. A．was cheated B．were cheated C．has been cheated D．have been cheated 【答案】C 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：——嘿!我的手机上有一条消息，告诉我我赢得了罗马双人周末游的奖励。——删除它!这是个骗局。许多人被这样的把戏骗过。根据“Delete it! It’s a trick”可知，本句应用现在完成时，表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，且主语与谓语为被动关系。Many a+单数名词作句子主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，即has been cheated。故选C项。 14．（2024·天津宁河·一模）Since last month, George, along with some of his former classmates, ________ to have enjoy this summer holiday. A．have desired B．desired C．have been desiring D．has been desiring 【答案】D 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：从上个月开始，乔治和他以前的一些同学就一直想好好享受这个暑假。根据Since last month可知，表示动作发生在过去，持续到现在，有可能进行下去，用现在完成进行时。再由主谓一致可知，名词+ along with+名词时，谓语动词和along with前面的名词George保持一致，即助动词应用has。故选D。 15．（23-24高三上·天津河西·期末）The villagers hope that the world knows more about their traditional art that _________ for hundreds of years through the TV program. A．preserved B．has been preserved C．will be preserved D．was preserved 【答案】B 【详解】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：村民们希望通过电视节目让世界更多地了解他们保存了数百年的传统艺术。设空处在that引导的定语从句中作谓语，关系代词that指代先行词their traditional art在从句中作主语，与动词preserve之间是被动关系，结合时间状语for hundreds of years可知，此从句讲述从过去持续到现在的事情，用现在完成时态，that指代先行词their traditional art作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。故选B项。 16．（2023·天津河西·三模）Jenny, along with two boys in our school, ______ to London to attend an international meeting the other day. A．are invited B．is invited C．were invited D．was invited 【答案】D 【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：前几天，珍妮和我们学校的两个男孩应邀去伦敦参加一个国际会议。根据后文the other day可知为一般过去时，且主语与谓语构成被动关系，并且主语后接介词短语along with不影响主语的人称和数，谓语动词应根据Jenny的人称和数来确定。故用单数。故选D。 17．（22-23高三下·天津南开·阶段检测）On discovering that Morrie ____ by a severe illness, Mitch starts visiting him at his house on Tuesdays. A．is weakened B．is weakening C．is being weakened D．has weakened 【答案】C 【详解】考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：当Mitch发现莫瑞身患重病，身体越来越虚弱时，他开始每周二去Morrie家看望他。由by可知，句子用被动语态，句子表示“Mitch发现莫瑞身患重病，身体越来越虚弱”，也就是正在变弱，因此空格处用现在进行时的被动语态，即is/are being done，Morrie是单数，因此空格处是is being weakened。故选C。 18．（2022·天津南开·三模）Everybody ________to know the law, but few people do. A．suppose B．supposes C．is supposed D．supposed 【答案】C 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：每个人都应该知道法律，但很少有人这样做。be supposed to do sth.意为“应该做某事”，且本句的主语是“Everybody”，谓语动词应用第三人称单数，故选C项。 19．（2022·天津滨海新区·一模）As fossil fuels are unsustainable, alternative energy, such as sunlight, wind and water, _____ currently. A．was employed B．is being employed C．were employed D．are being employed 【答案】B 【详解】考查谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：由于化石燃料是不可持续的，目前正在使用替代能源，如阳光、风和水。根据句意和时间状语currently“目前”可知，此空要用现在进行时；句子主语为alternative energy，其后附件加成分“such as sunlight, wind and water”不影响主语的人称和数，energy是不可数名词，谓语用单数形式；主语与谓语动词employ之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态；综上，谓语动词employ用现在进行时的被动语态。故选B项。 20．（2021·天津和平·一模）Excuse me, Madam. Ellen, a journalist from the Daily Mail ________all day. Could you speak to him now? A．was phoned B．has been phoned C．is phoning D．has been phoning 【答案】D 【详解】考查时态。句意：对不起，Ellen夫人，《每日邮报》的记者打了一整天的电话。你现在可以跟他讲话吗？根据句意可知，动词phone和主语“a journalist from the Daily Mail”之间是主动关系，故排除A和B项，结合句意，根据时间状语all day，此处应用现在完成进行时，表示某动作从过去某个时间开始，一直延续到现在，并且还有可能持续下去，基本结构为“have/has been doing”，主语“a journalist”是单数，因此空格处是has been phoning。故选D。 真题溯源·考向感知 ——溯源真题逻辑，感知高考考向 1．（2023·天津·高考真题）Human impact on the animal kingdom, such as hunting and destruction of habitats, ___________a reduction in the population of certain species in the past three decades. A．has caused B．have caused C．was causing D．were causing 【答案】A 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：人类对动物王国的影响，如狩猎和破坏栖息地，在过去的30年里导致了某些物种的数量的减少。设空处为谓语，根据时间状语in the past three decades可知应用现在完成时，主语Human impact，谓语用第三人称单数，故选A。 2．（2022·天津·高考真题）Critical reasoning, together with problem-solving, ________ teenagers to make better decisions. A．prepare B．prepares C．is preparing D．are preparing 【答案】B 【详解】考查主谓一致和时态。句意：批判性推理和解决问题的能力有助于青少年做出更好的决定。短语together with/along with/as well as, etc连接两个并列的名词或代词做主语时谓语动词的数由该结构前的名词或代词决定，句子主语为Critical reasoning，谓语动词应用单数形式，此处为客观陈述，应用一般现在时。故选B项。 3．（2020·天津·高考真题）The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and ______ around that level ever since. A．are remaining B．have remained C．is remaining D．has remained 【答案】D 【详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意:20世纪90年代初，医学院的数量达到了18所，此后一直保持在这个水平。ever since“从那以后”作时间状语，句子用现在完成时态。主语为the number of medical schools，the number of表示“……的数目”，中心词是number，所以是单数，作主语时，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。综上，故选D。 4．（2020·天津·高考真题）A survey carried out last year showed that 80% of the middle-aged in this city ____________ in favour of the proposal on health care reform. A．is B．are C．was D．were 【答案】D 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：去年进行的一项调查显示，该市80％的中年人赞成医疗改革的建议。通过分析句子结构并翻译语境可知，主句时态为一般过去时，根据时态一致性可知从句中时态也为一般过去时，且从句中主语80% of the middle-aged是复数，按照主谓一致原则，因此使用be动词were。故选D项。 5．（2017·天津·高考真题）The number of firms selling computers in this region ________ since January 2012. A．are dropping B．is dropping C．have dropped D．has dropped 【答案】D 【详解】考查动词时态与主谓一致。句意：自2012年1月以来，该地区销售电脑的公司数量已经下降。A. are dropping现在进行时，复数形式；B. is dropping现在进行时，单数形式；C. have dropped现在完成时，复数形式；D. has dropped现在完成时，单数形式。根据句中时间状语since January 2012可知，谓语动词应使用现在完成时态，又因短语The number of + n.作主语时视为单数，谓语动词也应用单数形式。综上，谓语动词应使用现在完成时态，单数形式。故选D项。 6．（2017·天津·高考真题）Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, ___________ as one of the best all-round forms of exercise. A．regard B．is regarded C．are regarded D．regards 【答案】B 【详解】考查被动语态和主谓一致。句意：现在骑自行车，慢跑和游泳被认为是最全面的锻炼方式之一。根据动词短语regard…as…“把……看作……”和句意确定应该用被动语态，排除A和D。再根据主语部分是由介词短语along with 连接的三个动名词做主语，应该谓语动词应该就前一致，即用单数，排除C，故选B。 【点睛】本题考查方向涉及到动词的语态和主谓一致，首先要把握句意，判断主谓之间是主动还是被动关系，再者就是考查学生的考虑是否全面，即加之判断谓语动词的单复数，考查了学生对主谓一致中就前一致的把握。 7．（2012·天津·高考真题）The letters for the boss___________ on his desk but he didn’t read them until 3 days later. A．were put B．was put C．put D．has put 【答案】A 【详解】考查被动语态。句意：给老板的那些信放在他的办公桌上，但是直到三天以后他才读了那些信。letter“信件”和put“放”之间是被动的关系，所以排除C和D，然后因为letters是复数，谓语动词用were put, 故选A。 8．（2007·天津·高考真题） If Newton lived today, he would be surprise by what ____ in science and technology. A．had discovered B．had been discovered C．has discovered D．has been discovered 【答案】D 【详解】考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：如果牛顿生活在今天，他会对科学技术的发现感到惊讶。what和discover之间是逻辑动宾关系，句子用被动语态，牛顿会对已经发现的东西感到惊讶，因此空格处是现在完成时的被动语态，by为介词，其后为what引导的宾语从句，what是抽象概念，看作单数，因此空格处是has been discovered。故选D。 1 / 19 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $