内容正文:
清单08 连词
目录导航
01知识脑图·核心脉络搭建——梳理专题框架,搭建知识体系
02考点深研·知能分层突破——深挖高频考点,分层突破重难点
考点一 连词的分类及句法功能
知识点1 连词的分类
知识点2 连词的句法功能
考点二 定语从句的关系词
知识点1 关系代词
知识点2 关系副词
考点三 名词性从句的连词
考点四 状语从句的连词
考点五 并列句的连词
03优题精练·专题实战通关——精选优质试题,强化实战应用
知识脑图·核心脉络搭建
考点深研·知能分层突破
考点1 连词的分类及句法功能
连词属于虚词,不能单独充当句子主干成分,核心总功能:连接单词、短语、分句,体现逻辑关系,串联语句,让行文连贯。
知识点1 连词的分类
英语连词分两大体系: _______、________;从属连词又细分三类:定语从句关系词、名词性从句连接词、状语从句引导连词。
并列连词:平等相连,不分主次;
从属连词:一主一从,从句修饰主句。
1. 并列连词不在从句上,前后都是完整独立分句,共同构成并列句。
2. 连词无独立词性功能:不能单独作主语、谓语、宾语、表语;
3. 逻辑标识功能:一句话看到连词,立刻判断句子逻辑(顺承 / 转折 / 时间 / 条件等),是语法填空、完形的解题突破口;
4. 句式搭建功能:简单句靠连词拓展成长难句,是书面表达提分核心工具;
5. 区分主次功能:并列连词表平等;从属连词区分主句、从句主次关系。
知识点2 连词的句法功能
从属连词用来连接主句(句子主干)和从句(附属成分),明确句子主次关系;从句不能单独成句,必须依附主句。
细分三大类:定语从句关系词、名词性从句连接词、状语从句连词,三类功能各有区别。
一、定语从句关系词(属于从属连词)双重功能
连接功能:搭建主句和定语从句,把修饰先行词的从句和前面名词衔接;
成分担当功能(关键考点)
① 关系代词 who /whom/which /that/whose:
既要连接主从句,同时在定语从句内部充当主语、宾语、定语;
例:The book which I bought is great.
which:连接两句,同时作 bought 的宾语。
② 关系副词 when /where/why:
仅承担连接作用,在从句中作状语(时间 / 地点 / 原因),不充当主谓宾主干。
二、名词性从句连接词(属于从属连词)三类功能
名词性从句整体在主句中充当名词(主 / 宾 / 表 / 同位语),连接词分三种:
1 纯连接词 that /whether/if
只起搭桥连接作用,无实际词义、不在从句中充当任何句子成分。
That he won surprised us.(that 无含义,不作成分)
2 连接代词 what /who/whom /which/whoever /whatever
双重作用:连接主从句 + 在从句内部充当主语、宾语,自带词义(什么、谁)。
③连接副词 when /where/why /how
双重作用:连接句子 + 在从句中作时间 / 地点 / 原因 / 方式状语。
三、状语从句从属连词(when/because/if/although 等)单一功能
仅承担逻辑连接作用,不充当从句主干成分;
引导从句修饰主句动词、形容词或整个主句,交代主句动作的背景逻辑:时间、条件、原因、让步、目的、结果等。
例:I stayed at home because it rained.
because 只连接两句,表原因,不在从句中作主宾。
四、从属连词通用共性功能
划分主次:主句是核心信息,从句是补充说明;
体现逻辑:清晰传递时间、条件、转折、修饰、指代等关系;
构建长难句:多个从属连词叠加,实现复杂句式写作,作文提分;
解题标识:看到从属连词,立刻判断复合句类型,快速定位考点。
定从连词双重用,连接还要充成分;
名从连词分三类,无义代词副词分;
状从连词最简单,只表逻辑不占位
考点2定语从句的关系词
知识点1 关系代词
关系代词:who /whom/which /that/whose
既能连接主句与从句,又在定语从句内部充当主语、宾语、定语(主干成分)。
1. who
先行词:人;在从句中作主语
The girl who helped me is my deskmate.
2. whom
先行词:人;在从句中作宾语,可省略;介词后只能用 whom
The boy whom you met is a new student.
This is the teacher with whom I talked.
3. which
先行词:物;从句作主 / 宾;可引导非限制性定语从句(逗号隔开)
The novel which I read is interesting.
He passed the exam, which made his mom happy.
4. that
先行词:人 / 物;从句作主 / 宾;
❌ 不能用于:①逗号后非限制性定语从句 ②介词提前后面
All that you said is true.
5. whose(表所属,…… 的)
先行词人 / 物均可,在从句作定语,后面必须接名词
I know the student whose father is a teacher.
The house whose window faces south is mine.
关系代词必背特殊规则(北京高频考点)
只用 that,不用 which 的情况:
先行词不定代词 all, everything, nothing, something 等;
先行词既有人又有物;
先行词被最高级、序数词、the only、the very 修饰。
知识点2 关系副词
关系副词:when /where/why
只起连接作用,不在从句充当主 / 宾,只在从句中作状语(时间、地点、原因);
= 介词 + 对应关系代词。
1. when(时间状语)
先行词:time, day, year, moment 等表时间名词;
从句主谓完整,不缺主宾;when = 介词 + which
I still remember the day when we first met.
= the day on which we first met
2. where(地点 / 抽象地点状语)
先行词:place, school, city, factory;抽象:situation, case, stage
从句主谓完整;where = 介词 + which
This is the school where I studied.
= the school in which I studied
3. why(原因状语)
先行词只能是 reason;why = for which
Tell me the reason why you were late.
= the reason for which you were late
把先行词代入后面的定语从句;
若能直接作主语 / 宾语 → 用关系代词 who/whom/which/that;
若需要加介词才能通顺、句子本身主谓齐全 → 用关系副词 when/where/why。
例题
例题① This is the factory ____ we visited last year.
代入:we visited the factory(直接作宾语)→ which/that
例题② This is the factory ____ we worked last year.
代入:we worked in the factory(要加 in)→ where
从句缺主宾,代词 who which that;
句子主谓全,副词 when where why;
whose 后面必加名,表人表物都可行;
逗号不用 that,介词后只用 whom/which。
考点3 名词性从句的连词
名词性从句包含____、______、_______、________,连词分三类:纯连接词、连接代词、连接副词。
一、纯连接词(无词义,不充当从句成分)
1. that
1. 含义:无实际意思,只起连接作用;
2. 用法:引导完整陈述句;
3. 规则:
· 宾语从句中可省略;
· 主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句绝对不能省;
4. 例句:
That he won the game excited us.(主语从句,不可省)
The news that he passed the exam spread quickly.(同位语从句)
2. whether /if(表 “是否”)
1. 从句主谓完整,不作成分;
2. 只能用 whether,不能用 if 的场景(高频考点)
① 从句放句首(主语从句);
② 介词后面;
③ 后接 or not;
④ 不定式 to do 前;
3. 例句:
I don’t know whether/if he will come.
It depends on whether you agree.(介词后只用 whether)
二、连接代词(有词义,在从句充当主语 / 宾语 / 定语)
1. who / whom / whose
· who:指人,从句作主语;
· whom:指人,从句作宾语;
· whose:表 “…… 的”,后接名词,作定语;
2. what / which
· what:指代 “事物 /…… 的东西”,无范围;
· which:有选择范围,“哪一个”;
3. 后缀 ever(whoever/whatever/whichever)
含义:无论谁 / 无论什么 / 无论哪一个,可引导名词性从句,同时在从句作主宾。
例句
What he said is true.(what 作 said 宾语)
Whoever breaks the rule will be punished.(whoever 作从句主语)
三、连接副词(有词义,从句主谓完整,作状语)
共 4 个:when、where、why、how
1. when:时间状语;where:地点状语;
2. why:原因状语;how:方式状语;
3. 特点:从句本身主谓齐全,只缺状语,不缺主干;
4. 例句:
I don’t know where he lives.(he lives 完整,缺地点)
The problem is how we can get help.
快速区分做题步骤
1. 看从句是否缺主语、宾语:缺→连接代词 what/who/which;
2. 从句主谓齐全:
· 陈述句、无疑问含义→that;
· 表 “是否”→whether;
· 缺时间 / 地点 / 原因 / 方式状语→when/where/why/how。
1. 同位语从句只能用 that,不能用 which;
2. what 自带 “名词含义”,前面不能加先行词(和定语从句 which 核心区别);
3. 一套从句只能一个连词,不能叠加 that what /whether where;
4. if 仅用于动词后普通宾语从句,其余场景一律用 whether。
从句缺主宾,what who 来上阵;
句子若完整,that whether 先上分;
缺状时间地点因,when where why how 跟;
介词句首 or not,全部只用 whether。
考点4 状语从句的连词
状语从句连词属于从属连词,仅起连接主句和从句的作用,不在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语,只体现时间、条件、原因、让步等逻辑;从句修饰主句动词、形容词或整个主句。
解题核心:先判断两句逻辑,再匹配对应连词,最后核对时态、固定搭配陷阱。
一、时间状语从句连词(考频最高)
核心连词
when / while / as / before / after / until / till / since / as soon as / once / every time
1. when:可接短暂 / 延续动词;可主从句动作同时 / 先后发生
2. while:从句动词必须是延续性进行动词(doing);也可表对比 “然而”
3. as:强调同步 “一边…… 一边”;也可表 “随着”
4. before 在…… 之前;after 在…… 之后
5. until/till 直到;not…until 直到…… 才
6. since 自从,主句常用现在完成时
7. as soon as 一…… 就
8. once 一旦(北京卷高频)
必背时态规则:主将从现(从句用一般现在表将来)
二、条件状语从句连词
核心连词
if / unless / as long as / once / in case / on condition that / provided (that)
1. if 如果;unless = if…not 除非(自身含否定,不能再加 not)
2. as long as 只要(充分条件,北京真题常考)
3. once 一旦
4. in case 以防
核心规则:真实条件句遵循主将从现
三、原因状语从句连词
核心连词
because / since / as / now that
1. because 语气最强,直接回答 why,表直接根本原因
2. since / as / now that 既然,表显而易见、已知的原因,多放句首
区分 for:for 是并列连词,只能放后半句,补充说明原因,不能放句首
四、让步状语从句连词(高频改错考点)
核心连词
though / although / even if / even though / while / as / no matter wh- / wh-ever
1. though / although 虽然;绝对不能与 but 连用,可搭配 yet/still
2. even if / even though 即使,语气更强
3. while 放句首表 “尽管”,侧重前后对比
4. as 引导让步需倒装:Young as he is, he knows much.
5. no matter who/what/when = whoever/whatever/whenever(仅让步从句)
五、目的状语从句连词
核心连词
so that / in order that / for fear that
1. so that /in order that:为了,从句常搭配情态动词 can/could/may/might
2. for fear that:生怕、唯恐
区分:in order to + do(不定式);in order that + 句子
六、结果状语从句连词
核心连词
so…that… / such…that…
1. so + 形容词 / 副词 + that
2. such + (a/an + 形容词) 名词 + that
陷阱:so many/much/few/little 固定搭配,只用 so
七、地点状语从句连词
where / wherever
1. where:在…… 地方;wherever:无论哪里
例:Where there is a will, there is a way.
八、方式状语从句连词
as / as if / as though
1. as 按照、如同
2. as if /as though 好像,从句常用虚拟语气
九、比较状语从句连词
than /as…as /not as/so…as /the + 比较级…the + 比较级
1. than 比;as…as 和…… 一样
2. the more…the more… 越…… 越……
状语从句连词通用解题四步法
1. 识别:前后两套完整主谓,无先行词→状语从句;
2. 判逻辑:区分时间 / 条件 / 原因 / 让步 / 目的 / 结果 / 地点 / 方式 / 比较;
3. 选连词:匹配对应逻辑的引导词;
4. 校验陷阱:主将从现、although 不搭配 but、so/such 区分、unless 不含 not。
速记口诀
时地因条目,让果方比较;
although 不搭 but,主将从现要记牢;
so 形 such 名分清,once as long as 常考到。
考点5 并列句的连词
一、定义
并列连词连接两个地位平等、互不修饰、结构完整的简单句,构成并列句;也可连接单词、短语。一共四大逻辑类别。
二、分类、连词、功能、例句
1. 顺承、并列、递进关系:and
功能:并列事物、动作先后、顺理成章、递进
搭配结构:both…and…;not only…but (also);neither…nor
1. He stood up and left the room.
2. Not only does he like English, but also he likes math.
2. 转折、对比关系:but, yet, while
功能:前后语义相反、形成反差
1. but(最常用)
He tried hard, but he failed.
⚠ 易错:although/though 和 but 不能同时出现
2. yet 然而(语气弱于 but)
3. while 而(侧重两者对比)
Some like reading, while others like sports.
3. 选择、警告关系:or
两层含义:
① 或者(二选一);② 否则(警告负面结果)
搭配:either…or…
1. You can go by bus or by subway.
2. Hurry up, or you’ll miss the train.
4. 因果关系:so(结果)、for(补充原因)
1. so 因此,前因后果
It rained heavily, so we stayed at home.
⚠ because 和 so 不可连用
2. for 因为(并列连词,只能放第二个分句后,不能放句首,表补充说明)
He must be ill, for he didn’t come to school.
三、固定句式(高考高频)
祈使句 + and/or + 一般将来时
1. Work hard, and you will make progress.(顺承)
2. Be quick, or you will be late.(否则)
并列连词分四类,顺 and 转 but 选 or;
so 表结果 for 表因,两分句子地位同;
although 不搭 but,because 不搭 so。
优题精练·专题实战通关
考向01 定语从句的关系词
1. (2026·北京·语法填空)However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists 18 left (leave) over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year, 19 accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024.
2. (2024·北京卷·语法填空)Tinniswood, 17 doesn’t smoke and rarely drinks, credited moderation for helping him stay healthy during his long life.
3. (2023·北京卷·语法填空)Nina recently finished her year-long series of runs in Chicago, ____18____ thousands were attending a water conference.
4. (2021·北京卷·语法填空)When you sleep, your brain sorts through everything ____12____ happened during the day,trying to link new experiences to old memories.
5. (2022·北京卷·语法填空)That includes cups, bottles, and bags, most of ____18____ are only good for one use.
6. (2026·全国I卷·语法填空)____62Drawn____ (draw) by the aroma (香味) of street food, they line up in front of stands ____63____ serve steaming dumplings and hot noodle soup.
7. (2026·全国II卷·语法填空)We move on to tai chi positions, of ____61____ there are forty-two in the style that Angela teaches.
8. (2026·北京东城·二模)Although each social science focuses on a different aspect of human life, they have much in common. Each builds a body of knowledge ____18____ content consists of general laws, principles, and generalizations describing how facts, trends, and observations are related.
9. (2026·北京西城·二模)Gratitude has a strong positive impact on psychological well-being as well, 16 benefits include increased self-respect, enhanced positive emotions, and a more optimistic outlook on life.
10. (2026·北京海淀区二模)Scientists have been studying a hidden weapon beneath the ocean to tackle climate change. Seagrass, ____15____ occupies less than 0.2% of the ocean floor, is responsible for storing 10% of the ocean’s carbon.
11. (2026·北京朝阳区二模)One day, there came the owner named May, __12__ rare eye condition prevented her from reading the tiny characters.
12. (2026·北京石景山二模)For example, you may find yourself in a job interview ____15____ you’re competing against other applicants.
13. (2026·北京顺义二模)Mollie Ray, a comic artist and author, devotes herself to championing young comic creators. She wants to reach young people ____14____ might not otherwise have access to the arts and give them a voice through comics.
14.(2026·北京房山二模)Studies suggest that, under the right conditions, blue spaces can also reduce noise in urban areas, help improve air quality, and cool down hot climates — all of ____20____ contribute to physical health.
15. (2019·北京海淀区一模)However, those ____18____ don’t screen incoming ideas will end up believing things not only false, but also ____19____ (danger).
考向02 名词性从句的连词
1.(2025·北京卷·语法填空)The truth, though, is 13 could be guessed — there’s never anyone else here. Just me, Nick, and the quiet forest.
2.(2022·北京卷·语法填空)It’s easy to explain how we determine ____15____ smells are dangerous or not: we learn.
3.(2021·北京卷·语法填空)The poor woman wasn't able to give him any information about ____15____ she lived.
4. (2026·北京石景山区一模)Combinations of factors unique to individuals — age, gender, medical condition — affect ____16____ we experience temperature.
5. (2026·北京西城区·二模)This is thanks to Xpeng’s custom AI robotics architecture, which enables it to interpret visual inputs and respond physically without needing to first translate 20 it sees into language.
6. (2026·北京海淀区二模)Most people change habits by focusing on outcomes — what they want to achieve. The alternative is identity-based habits — focusing on ____18____ you wish to become.
7. (2026·北京朝阳区二模)“I want to know __13__ I come from,” she whispered.
8. (2026·北京石景山二模)What matters is ____16____ you can manage to see the hiring manager first or last.
9.(2026·北京顺义二模)Her advice to young people is to keep practicing and put time into ____17____ makes them happy.
10.(2026·北京延庆区一模)If we treat AI as an all-powerful adviser, we risk forgetting ____18____ to question, reason, and recognize.
考向03 状语从句的连词
(2026·北京房山二模)For starters, ____17_spending___ (spend) time in blue spaces encourages movement — ____18____ you’re walking around a lake or swimming in it — and physical activity is vital for a healthier body and brain.
考向04 并列句的连词
1.(2026·四川巴中一模)Tracing the rise of the Qin Empire, the exhibition showcased ten original Terracotta Warriors ____37____ various ceremonial objects discovered in the imperial tomb.
2. (2026·浙江温州二模)Do you choose zhengxiu, the orthodox (正统的) one that 56typically (typical) demands decades of practice in a cave? 57 do you risk xiexiu, the unorthodox way?
3. (2026·湖南常德一模)It draws on the element of surprise ____40____ the psychological impact of attacking an unexpected target.
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清单08 连词
目录导航
01知识脑图·核心脉络搭建——梳理专题框架,搭建知识体系
02考点深研·知能分层突破——深挖高频考点,分层突破重难点
考点一 连词的分类及句法功能
知识点1 连词的分类
知识点2 连词的句法功能
考点二 定语从句的关系词
知识点1 关系代词
知识点2 关系副词
考点三 名词性从句的连词
考点四 状语从句的连词
考点五 并列句的连词
03优题精练·专题实战通关——精选优质试题,强化实战应用
知识脑图·核心脉络搭建
考点深研·知能分层突破
考点1 连词的分类及句法功能
连词属于虚词,不能单独充当句子主干成分,核心总功能:连接单词、短语、分句,体现逻辑关系,串联语句,让行文连贯。
知识点1 连词的分类
英语连词分两大体系:并列连词、从属连词;从属连词又细分三类:定语从句关系词、名词性从句连接词、状语从句引导连词。
并列连词:平等相连,不分主次;
从属连词:一主一从,从句修饰主句。
1. 并列连词不在从句上,前后都是完整独立分句,共同构成并列句。
2. 连词无独立词性功能:不能单独作主语、谓语、宾语、表语;
3. 逻辑标识功能:一句话看到连词,立刻判断句子逻辑(顺承 / 转折 / 时间 / 条件等),是语法填空、完形的解题突破口;
4. 句式搭建功能:简单句靠连词拓展成长难句,是书面表达提分核心工具;
5. 区分主次功能:并列连词表平等;从属连词区分主句、从句主次关系。
知识点2 连词的句法功能
从属连词用来连接主句(句子主干)和从句(附属成分),明确句子主次关系;从句不能单独成句,必须依附主句。
细分三大类:定语从句关系词、名词性从句连接词、状语从句连词,三类功能各有区别。
一、定语从句关系词(属于从属连词)双重功能
连接功能:搭建主句和定语从句,把修饰先行词的从句和前面名词衔接;
成分担当功能(关键考点)
① 关系代词 who /whom/which /that/whose:
既要连接主从句,同时在定语从句内部充当主语、宾语、定语;
例:The book which I bought is great.
which:连接两句,同时作 bought 的宾语。
② 关系副词 when /where/why:
仅承担连接作用,在从句中作状语(时间 / 地点 / 原因),不充当主谓宾主干。
二、名词性从句连接词(属于从属连词)三类功能
名词性从句整体在主句中充当名词(主 / 宾 / 表 / 同位语),连接词分三种:
1 纯连接词 that /whether/if
只起搭桥连接作用,无实际词义、不在从句中充当任何句子成分。
That he won surprised us.(that 无含义,不作成分)
2 连接代词 what /who/whom /which/whoever /whatever
双重作用:连接主从句 + 在从句内部充当主语、宾语,自带词义(什么、谁)。
③连接副词 when /where/why /how
双重作用:连接句子 + 在从句中作时间 / 地点 / 原因 / 方式状语。
三、状语从句从属连词(when/because/if/although 等)单一功能
仅承担逻辑连接作用,不充当从句主干成分;
引导从句修饰主句动词、形容词或整个主句,交代主句动作的背景逻辑:时间、条件、原因、让步、目的、结果等。
例:I stayed at home because it rained.
because 只连接两句,表原因,不在从句中作主宾。
四、从属连词通用共性功能
划分主次:主句是核心信息,从句是补充说明;
体现逻辑:清晰传递时间、条件、转折、修饰、指代等关系;
构建长难句:多个从属连词叠加,实现复杂句式写作,作文提分;
解题标识:看到从属连词,立刻判断复合句类型,快速定位考点。
定从连词双重用,连接还要充成分;
名从连词分三类,无义代词副词分;
状从连词最简单,只表逻辑不占位
考点2定语从句的关系词
知识点1 关系代词
关系代词:who /whom/which /that/whose
既能连接主句与从句,又在定语从句内部充当主语、宾语、定语(主干成分)。
1. who
先行词:人;在从句中作主语
The girl who helped me is my deskmate.
2. whom
先行词:人;在从句中作宾语,可省略;介词后只能用 whom
The boy whom you met is a new student.
This is the teacher with whom I talked.
3. which
先行词:物;从句作主 / 宾;可引导非限制性定语从句(逗号隔开)
The novel which I read is interesting.
He passed the exam, which made his mom happy.
4. that
先行词:人 / 物;从句作主 / 宾;
❌ 不能用于:①逗号后非限制性定语从句 ②介词提前后面
All that you said is true.
5. whose(表所属,…… 的)
先行词人 / 物均可,在从句作定语,后面必须接名词
I know the student whose father is a teacher.
The house whose window faces south is mine.
关系代词必背特殊规则(北京高频考点)
只用 that,不用 which 的情况:
先行词不定代词 all, everything, nothing, something 等;
先行词既有人又有物;
先行词被最高级、序数词、the only、the very 修饰。
知识点2 关系副词
关系副词:when /where/why
只起连接作用,不在从句充当主 / 宾,只在从句中作状语(时间、地点、原因);
= 介词 + 对应关系代词。
1. when(时间状语)
先行词:time, day, year, moment 等表时间名词;
从句主谓完整,不缺主宾;when = 介词 + which
I still remember the day when we first met.
= the day on which we first met
2. where(地点 / 抽象地点状语)
先行词:place, school, city, factory;抽象:situation, case, stage
从句主谓完整;where = 介词 + which
This is the school where I studied.
= the school in which I studied
3. why(原因状语)
先行词只能是 reason;why = for which
Tell me the reason why you were late.
= the reason for which you were late
把先行词代入后面的定语从句;
若能直接作主语 / 宾语 → 用关系代词 who/whom/which/that;
若需要加介词才能通顺、句子本身主谓齐全 → 用关系副词 when/where/why。
例题
例题① This is the factory ____ we visited last year.
代入:we visited the factory(直接作宾语)→ which/that
例题② This is the factory ____ we worked last year.
代入:we worked in the factory(要加 in)→ where
从句缺主宾,代词 who which that;
句子主谓全,副词 when where why;
whose 后面必加名,表人表物都可行;
逗号不用 that,介词后只用 whom/which。
考点3 名词性从句的连词
名词性从句包含主语、宾语、表语、同位语从句,连词分三类:纯连接词、连接代词、连接副词。
一、纯连接词(无词义,不充当从句成分)
1. that
1. 含义:无实际意思,只起连接作用;
2. 用法:引导完整陈述句;
3. 规则:
· 宾语从句中可省略;
· 主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句绝对不能省;
4. 例句:
That he won the game excited us.(主语从句,不可省)
The news that he passed the exam spread quickly.(同位语从句)
2. whether /if(表 “是否”)
1. 从句主谓完整,不作成分;
2. 只能用 whether,不能用 if 的场景(高频考点)
① 从句放句首(主语从句);
② 介词后面;
③ 后接 or not;
④ 不定式 to do 前;
3. 例句:
I don’t know whether/if he will come.
It depends on whether you agree.(介词后只用 whether)
二、连接代词(有词义,在从句充当主语 / 宾语 / 定语)
1. who / whom / whose
· who:指人,从句作主语;
· whom:指人,从句作宾语;
· whose:表 “…… 的”,后接名词,作定语;
2. what / which
· what:指代 “事物 /…… 的东西”,无范围;
· which:有选择范围,“哪一个”;
3. 后缀 ever(whoever/whatever/whichever)
含义:无论谁 / 无论什么 / 无论哪一个,可引导名词性从句,同时在从句作主宾。
例句
What he said is true.(what 作 said 宾语)
Whoever breaks the rule will be punished.(whoever 作从句主语)
三、连接副词(有词义,从句主谓完整,作状语)
共 4 个:when、where、why、how
1. when:时间状语;where:地点状语;
2. why:原因状语;how:方式状语;
3. 特点:从句本身主谓齐全,只缺状语,不缺主干;
4. 例句:
I don’t know where he lives.(he lives 完整,缺地点)
The problem is how we can get help.
快速区分做题步骤
1. 看从句是否缺主语、宾语:缺→连接代词 what/who/which;
2. 从句主谓齐全:
· 陈述句、无疑问含义→that;
· 表 “是否”→whether;
· 缺时间 / 地点 / 原因 / 方式状语→when/where/why/how。
1. 同位语从句只能用 that,不能用 which;
2. what 自带 “名词含义”,前面不能加先行词(和定语从句 which 核心区别);
3. 一套从句只能一个连词,不能叠加 that what /whether where;
4. if 仅用于动词后普通宾语从句,其余场景一律用 whether。
从句缺主宾,what who 来上阵;
句子若完整,that whether 先上分;
缺状时间地点因,when where why how 跟;
介词句首 or not,全部只用 whether。
考点4 状语从句的连词
状语从句连词属于从属连词,仅起连接主句和从句的作用,不在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语,只体现时间、条件、原因、让步等逻辑;从句修饰主句动词、形容词或整个主句。
解题核心:先判断两句逻辑,再匹配对应连词,最后核对时态、固定搭配陷阱。
一、时间状语从句连词(考频最高)
核心连词
when / while / as / before / after / until / till / since / as soon as / once / every time
1. when:可接短暂 / 延续动词;可主从句动作同时 / 先后发生
2. while:从句动词必须是延续性进行动词(doing);也可表对比 “然而”
3. as:强调同步 “一边…… 一边”;也可表 “随着”
4. before 在…… 之前;after 在…… 之后
5. until/till 直到;not…until 直到…… 才
6. since 自从,主句常用现在完成时
7. as soon as 一…… 就
8. once 一旦(北京卷高频)
必背时态规则:主将从现(从句用一般现在表将来)
二、条件状语从句连词
核心连词
if / unless / as long as / once / in case / on condition that / provided (that)
1. if 如果;unless = if…not 除非(自身含否定,不能再加 not)
2. as long as 只要(充分条件,北京真题常考)
3. once 一旦
4. in case 以防
核心规则:真实条件句遵循主将从现
三、原因状语从句连词
核心连词
because / since / as / now that
1. because 语气最强,直接回答 why,表直接根本原因
2. since / as / now that 既然,表显而易见、已知的原因,多放句首
区分 for:for 是并列连词,只能放后半句,补充说明原因,不能放句首
四、让步状语从句连词(高频改错考点)
核心连词
though / although / even if / even though / while / as / no matter wh- / wh-ever
1. though / although 虽然;绝对不能与 but 连用,可搭配 yet/still
2. even if / even though 即使,语气更强
3. while 放句首表 “尽管”,侧重前后对比
4. as 引导让步需倒装:Young as he is, he knows much.
5. no matter who/what/when = whoever/whatever/whenever(仅让步从句)
五、目的状语从句连词
核心连词
so that / in order that / for fear that
1. so that /in order that:为了,从句常搭配情态动词 can/could/may/might
2. for fear that:生怕、唯恐
区分:in order to + do(不定式);in order that + 句子
六、结果状语从句连词
核心连词
so…that… / such…that…
1. so + 形容词 / 副词 + that
2. such + (a/an + 形容词) 名词 + that
陷阱:so many/much/few/little 固定搭配,只用 so
七、地点状语从句连词
where / wherever
1. where:在…… 地方;wherever:无论哪里
例:Where there is a will, there is a way.
八、方式状语从句连词
as / as if / as though
1. as 按照、如同
2. as if /as though 好像,从句常用虚拟语气
九、比较状语从句连词
than /as…as /not as/so…as /the + 比较级…the + 比较级
1. than 比;as…as 和…… 一样
2. the more…the more… 越…… 越……
状语从句连词通用解题四步法
1. 识别:前后两套完整主谓,无先行词→状语从句;
2. 判逻辑:区分时间 / 条件 / 原因 / 让步 / 目的 / 结果 / 地点 / 方式 / 比较;
3. 选连词:匹配对应逻辑的引导词;
4. 校验陷阱:主将从现、although 不搭配 but、so/such 区分、unless 不含 not。
速记口诀
时地因条目,让果方比较;
although 不搭 but,主将从现要记牢;
so 形 such 名分清,once as long as 常考到。
考点5 并列句的连词
一、定义
并列连词连接两个地位平等、互不修饰、结构完整的简单句,构成并列句;也可连接单词、短语。一共四大逻辑类别。
二、分类、连词、功能、例句
1. 顺承、并列、递进关系:and
功能:并列事物、动作先后、顺理成章、递进
搭配结构:both…and…;not only…but (also);neither…nor
1. He stood up and left the room.
2. Not only does he like English, but also he likes math.
2. 转折、对比关系:but, yet, while
功能:前后语义相反、形成反差
1. but(最常用)
He tried hard, but he failed.
⚠ 易错:although/though 和 but 不能同时出现
2. yet 然而(语气弱于 but)
3. while 而(侧重两者对比)
Some like reading, while others like sports.
3. 选择、警告关系:or
两层含义:
① 或者(二选一);② 否则(警告负面结果)
搭配:either…or…
1. You can go by bus or by subway.
2. Hurry up, or you’ll miss the train.
4. 因果关系:so(结果)、for(补充原因)
1. so 因此,前因后果
It rained heavily, so we stayed at home.
⚠ because 和 so 不可连用
2. for 因为(并列连词,只能放第二个分句后,不能放句首,表补充说明)
He must be ill, for he didn’t come to school.
三、固定句式(高考高频)
祈使句 + and/or + 一般将来时
1. Work hard, and you will make progress.(顺承)
2. Be quick, or you will be late.(否则)
并列连词分四类,顺 and 转 but 选 or;
so 表结果 for 表因,两分句子地位同;
although 不搭 but,because 不搭 so。
优题精练·专题实战通关
考向01 定语从句的关系词
1. (2026·北京·语法填空)However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists 18 left (leave) over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year, 19 accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024.
【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句的关系代词。句意:然而,根据世界野生动物基金会的一份报告,去年游客留下了超过13亿吨的食物垃圾,约占2024年全球气体排放总量的8%。此句为非限制性定语从句,先行词是“1.3 billion tons of food waste”,指物,关系词在从句中作主语,用which引导。故填which。
2. (2024·北京卷·语法填空)Tinniswood, 17 doesn’t smoke and rarely drinks, credited moderation for helping him stay healthy during his long life.
【答案】who
【解析】考查定语从句的关系代词。句意:Tinniswood不吸烟,也很少喝酒,他认为适量饮酒有助于他在长寿期间保持健康。空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词Tinniswood,先行词指人,关系词在从句中作主语,应用关系代词who引导从句。故填who。
3. (2023·北京卷·语法填空)Nina recently finished her year-long series of runs in Chicago, ____18____ thousands were attending a water conference.
【答案】where
【解析】考查定语从句的关系副词。句意:最近,尼娜在芝加哥结束了长达一年的系列跑步活动,数千人在那里参加了一个水会议。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词Chicago,在从句中作地点状语,故填where。
4. (2021·北京卷·语法填空)When you sleep, your brain sorts through everything ____12____ happened during the day,trying to link new experiences to old memories.
【答案】that
【解析】考查定语从句的关系代词。句意:当你睡觉时,你的大脑会整理白天发生的一切,试图将新经历与旧记忆联系起来。分析句子结构可知,空处需用连接词引导定语从句,先行词是不定代词everything,关系词在定语从句中作主语,所以此处需用关系代词that引导定语从句。故填that。
5. (2022·北京卷·语法填空)That includes cups, bottles, and bags, most of ____18____ are only good for one use.
【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句的关系代词。句意:这包括杯子、瓶子和袋子,其中大多数(东西)只能使用一次。分析可知,most of ______are only good for one use在句中为非限制性定语从句;先行词为cups, bottles, and bags,在从句中作介词of的宾语,所以此处用关系代词which。故填which。
6. (2026·全国I卷·语法填空)____62Drawn____ (draw) by the aroma (香味) of street food, they line up in front of stands ____63____ serve steaming dumplings and hot noodle soup.
【答案】which/that
【解析】考查定语从句的关系代词。句意同上。此处引导限制性定语从句,stands(摊位)是先行词,关系代词在从句中作主语,应用关系代词that或which引导从句。
7. (2026·全国II卷·语法填空)We move on to tai chi positions, of ____61____ there are forty-two in the style that Angela teaches.
【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句的关系代词。句意:我们继续学习太极招式,安吉拉教授的这种风格共有四十二式。逗号后为非限制性定语从句,先行词positions,在从句中作介词of的宾语,用关系代词which。
8. (2026·北京东城·二模)Although each social science focuses on a different aspect of human life, they have much in common. Each builds a body of knowledge ____18____ content consists of general laws, principles, and generalizations describing how facts, trends, and observations are related.
【答案】whose
【解析】考查定语从句的关系代词。句意:每一门社会科学都构建一套知识体系,其内容由描述事实、趋势和观察之间关联的一般规律、原理和归纳结论构成。空处引导定语从句,先行词是a body of knowledge,空格后content与先行词为所属关系,表示“知识体系的内容”,用关系代词whose引导定语从句。
9. (2026·北京西城·二模)Gratitude has a strong positive impact on psychological well-being as well, 16 benefits include increased self-respect, enhanced positive emotions, and a more optimistic outlook on life.
【答案】whose
【解析】考查定语从句的关系代词。句意:感恩对心理健康也有着极大的积极影响,它的好处包括增强自尊、丰富积极情绪以及树立更乐观的人生态度。先行词为 gratitude,空后名词和先行词为所属关系,引导非限制性定语从句。
10. (2026·北京海淀区二模)Scientists have been studying a hidden weapon beneath the ocean to tackle climate change. Seagrass, ____15____ occupies less than 0.2% of the ocean floor, is responsible for storing 10% of the ocean’s carbon.
【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句的关系代词。句意:海草仅占洋底面积的不足0.2%,却负责储存海洋中10%的碳。先行词为seagrass,指代事物,且引导非限制性定语从句,从句中缺少主语,用which引导。
11. (2026·北京朝阳区二模)One day, there came the owner named May, __12__ rare eye condition prevented her from reading the tiny characters.
【答案】whose
【解析】考查定语从句的关系代词。句意:一天,族谱主人梅前来寻来,她患有罕见眼疾,看不清上面微小的文字。关系词在从句中修饰名词,表所属关系,指代 “她的”,故填 whose。
12. (2026·北京石景山二模)For example, you may find yourself in a job interview ____15____ you’re competing against other applicants.
【答案】where
【解析】考查定语从句的关系副词。句意:例如,你可能会发现自己在求职面试中与其他申请者竞争。空处引导限制性定语从句,先行词为job interview,且关系词在定语从句中作地点状语,所以用关系副词where引导该从句。
13. (2026·北京顺义二模)Mollie Ray, a comic artist and author, devotes herself to championing young comic creators. She wants to reach young people ____14____ might not otherwise have access to the arts and give them a voice through comics.
【答案】who/that
【解析】考查定语从句的关系代词。句意:她希望接触到那些原本无法接触艺术的年轻人,并通过漫画为他们提供发声的机会。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句,从句中缺少主语,先行词people是人,因此用关系代词who/that引导定语从句。
14.(2026·北京房山二模)Studies suggest that, under the right conditions, blue spaces can also reduce noise in urban areas, help improve air quality, and cool down hot climates — all of ____20____ contribute to physical health.
【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句的关系代词。句意:研究表明,在适宜条件下,蓝色空间还能降低城市噪音、助力改善空气质量、缓解气候炎热 ——所有这些都对身体健康有益。空处引导定语从句,先行词是上文句子,在定语从句中作介词of的宾语,需用关系代词which引导。
15. (2019·北京海淀区一模)However, those ____18____ don’t screen incoming ideas will end up believing things not only false, but also ____19____ (danger).
【答案】who
【解析】考查定语从句的关系代词。句意:然而,那些不筛选新想法的人最终会相信不仅错误而且危险的事情。空处引导限制性定语从句,先行词是those,指人,在从句中作主语,所以用关系代词who引导。故填who。
考向02 名词性从句的连词
1.(2025·北京卷·语法填空)The truth, though, is 13 could be guessed — there’s never anyone else here. Just me, Nick, and the quiet forest.
【答案】what
【解析】考查表语从句的连词。句意:不过,真相正如所料 —— 这里从来没有其他人。“is”后接表语从句,从句中缺少主语,指物,用what引导,what在从句中作主语,意为“…… 的事情”。故填what。
2.(2022·北京卷·语法填空)It’s easy to explain how we determine ____15____ smells are dangerous or not: we learn.
【答案】whether
【解析】考查宾语从句的连词。句意:解释我们怎样确定气味是不是危险的是容易的:我们学习到的。分析句子结构可知,空格前的determine为及物动词,空格后是主+系+表的句子结构,所以空格处的词用来引导宾语从句。再结合句意及空格后句子中的or not可知,此处考查whether…or not的搭配。故填whether。
3.(2021·北京卷·语法填空)The poor woman wasn't able to give him any information about ____15____ she lived.
【答案】where
【解析】考查宾语从句的连词。句意:这个可怜的老妇人不能说清楚她住在哪里。介词about后是宾语从句,根据句意,此处用where“在哪里;……的地方”符合句意,从句中作地点状语,故填where。
4. (2026·北京石景山区一模)Combinations of factors unique to individuals — age, gender, medical condition — affect ____16____ we experience temperature.
【答案】how
【解析】考查宾语从句的连词。句意:年龄、性别、身体状况等个体特有的多种因素组合,会影响我们对温度的感受方式。空格处引导宾语从句,作动词affect的宾语,且在从句中作方式状语,意为“如何,怎样”。故填how。
5. (2026·北京西城区·二模)This is thanks to Xpeng’s custom AI robotics architecture, which enables it to interpret visual inputs and respond physically without needing to first translate 20 it sees into language.
【答案】what
【解析】考查宾语从句的连词。句意:它能够解读视觉信息并做出肢体反应,无需先把所见之物转化为语言。动词后接宾语从句,从句缺少宾语,指代事物,用连接代词引导。故填what.
6. (2026·北京海淀区二模)Most people change habits by focusing on outcomes — what they want to achieve. The alternative is identity-based habits — focusing on ____18____ you wish to become.
【答案】who/what
【解析】考查宾语从句的连词。句意:另一种方式则是基于个人身份的习惯——专注于你希望成为什么样的人。引导宾语从句,从句缺少表语,指人用who, 指身份(什么样的人)用what.
7. (2026·北京朝阳区二模)“I want to know __13__ I come from,” she whispered.
【答案】where
【解析】考查宾语从句的连词。句意:我想知道自己来自何方。从句缺少地点状语,表达出身出处,故填 where。
8. (2026·北京石景山二模)What matters is ____16____ you can manage to see the hiring manager first or last.
【答案】whether
【解析】考查表语从句的连词。句意:重要的是你能否设法第一个或最后一个见到招聘经理。空处引导表语从句,此处表“是否”,只能用whether引导。
9.(2026·北京顺义二模)Her advice to young people is to keep practicing and put time into ____17____ makes them happy.
【答案】what
【解析】考查宾语从句的连词。句意:她给年轻人的建议是:不断练习,投入时间去做让自己开心的事情。空格处引导的是宾语从句,从句中缺少主语,句子表示“……的事情”,用连接代词what引导从句。
10.(2026·北京延庆区一模)If we treat AI as an all-powerful adviser, we risk forgetting ____18____ to question, reason, and recognize.
【答案】how
【解析】考查连词。句意:如果我们把人工智能当作一个无所不能的顾问,我们就有可能忘记如何去质疑、推理和识别。此处为“特殊疑问词+不定式”作宾语相当于宾语从句:how we could question…,结合句意表示“如何”用how。故填how。
考向03 状语从句的连词
(2026·北京房山二模)For starters, ____17_spending___ (spend) time in blue spaces encourages movement — ____18____ you’re walking around a lake or swimming in it — and physical activity is vital for a healthier body and brain.
【答案】whether
【解析】考查状语从句的连词。句意:首先,在蓝色空间中度过时光能促进人们活动 ——无论你是在湖边散步还是在湖中游泳 —— 而体育锻炼对身心健康至关重要。whether...or...为固定句式,意为“无论…… 还是……”,引导让步状语。
考向04 并列句的连词
1.(2026·四川巴中一模)Tracing the rise of the Qin Empire, the exhibition showcased ten original Terracotta Warriors ____37____ various ceremonial objects discovered in the imperial tomb.
【答案】and
【解析】考查并列句的连词。句意:该展览追溯了秦帝国的崛起,展出了十尊原始兵马俑以及在帝王陵墓中发现的各种礼仪用品。结合句意,ten original Terracotta Warriors和various ceremonial objects为并列关系,均为展览的展品,所以用连词and连接。故填and。
2. (2026·浙江温州二模)Do you choose zhengxiu, the orthodox (正统的) one that 56typically (typical) demands decades of practice in a cave? 57 do you risk xiexiu, the unorthodox way?
【答案】or
【解析】考查连词。句意:或者你愿意冒险选择非正统的“邪修”吗? 根据句意,上文“Do you choose zhengxiu, the orthodox (正统的) one that demands decades of practice in a cave?”和“ do you risk xiexiu, the unorthodox way?”是两个表示选择关系的一般疑问句,用连词or连接,意为“或者”;句首单词首字母大写。故填Or。
3. (2026·湖南常德一模)It draws on the element of surprise ____40____ the psychological impact of attacking an unexpected target.
【答案】and
【解析】考查连词。句意:它利用了出其不意的因素以及攻击意外目标带来的心理影响。“the element of surprise”和“the psychological impact”是并列关系,用并列连词and连接。故填and。
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