Unit 2 课时1 Reading（分层作业）英语新教材沪教版九年级上册

**基本信息** 该同步练习通过“巩固-进阶-拔高-拓展”四层设计，实现从词汇句型基础到语篇综合应用的递进，适配新授课差异化教学，提升语言能力与思维品质。 **分层设计** |层次|知识覆盖|设计特色| |----|----------|----------| |A组 巩固过关|核心词汇（如firm, satisfy）、基础句型（如be satisfied with）|翻译短语、单词拼写等基础题型，直接对标课文词汇句型| |B组 能力进阶|词汇变式（如satisfy→satisfied）、语法应用（如被动语态）|适当形式填空、完成句子，强化词汇语法灵活运用| |C组 思维拔高|语篇理解、逻辑分析（如杠杆原理短文）|语法选择、完形填空，融入科学情境培养思维品质| |拓展 链接中考|中考题型（如阅读理解七选五）、跨文化内容（如贝多芬事迹）|阅读还原、回答问题，衔接中考测评提升应试能力|

Unit 2 Great ideas Section 1 Reading分层练习 A组 巩固过关 C组 思维拔高 B组 能力进阶 拓展 链接中考 词汇 *firm adj.牢固的；坚硬的 ignorance n.无知 application n.（尤指 理论、发现等的）应用 fancy adj.精致的;绚丽的 satisfied adj.满意的;满足的 prince n.王子 displace v.排出,取代,替代 fool v.欺骗; *prison / n.监狱；牢狱 be satisfied with 对…感到满足 fill... with充满；装满 run over 溢出 go straight to 直奔 句型 1. Give me but one firm spot on which to stand, and I will move the Earth. 给我一个支点，我就能撬动地球。 2. At first, he was very satisfied with it. 起初，他对这顶王冠十分满意。 3. “This problem seems difficult to solve. What should I do?” thought Archimedes. 阿基米德心想：这个问题似乎很难解决，我该怎么办？ 4. Archimedes was still thinking about this problem as he filled his bath with water 阿基米德往浴缸里放水时，还在思索这个难题。 5. A crown made completely of gold displaces less water than a crown made of gold and another metal. 纯金打造的王冠，比掺了其他金属的王冠排开的水量更少。 6. He then sent the crown maker to prison, and he praised Archimedes for his clever discovery. 随后他将工匠关进监狱，并称赞阿基米德这一巧妙的发现。 一、翻译短语 1 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.____________________对…感到满意 2. ____________________由…制成 3. ____________________查明真相 4. ____________________思考，考虑 5. ____________________用…装满 6. ____________________溢出；漫出 7. ____________________径直前往 8. ____________________把…放入 9. ____________________把…关进监狱 10. ____________________因…称赞 二、单项选择。 1.If you have a dream, you should hold a ______ belief and never give up. A. firm B. fancy C. full D. fair 2.The ______ of new technology makes our daily life much easier. A. appointment B. application C. arrangement D. amusement 3.She wore a ______ dress to the party and looked very beautiful. A. fancy B. funny C. full D. fresh 4. We shouldn’t send a good person like him to _____ prison. A. a B. an C. the D. / 5. He filled the pot with water, ______? A. did he B. didn’t he C. does he D. doesn’t he 6.—Do you believe that paper is made _____ wood? —Yes, I do. And you can see that books are made ______ paper. A. from; from B. from; of C. of; from D. of; of 7.If you read a lot, your life will be filled _______ pleasure. A. by B. of C. for D. with 8.With the development of new machines, some traditional tools have been ______ little by little. A. displace B. divide C. discover D. disappear 9.No one ______ his ability to finish the difficult task alone. A. decides B. doubts C. describes D. develops 10. We should use our brains and never let others ______ us easily. A. force B. fool C. forget D. form 11.What a ______ trip! We all felt quite ______ after it. A. satisfied; satisfying B. satisfying; satisfied C. satisfied; satisfied D. satisfying; satisfying 12. We should ______ those who work hard and make progress. A. pretend B. prevent C. praise D. prepare 三、根据首字母写出单词 1.There are many f______ decorations in the big hall. 2. As the king's son, the p______ must learn to take care of the country. 3. Honest people never try to f______ others for their own benefit. 4. The man who broke the law was sent to p______ at last. 5. There is no d______ that reading can open our eyes. 6. It s______ that everyone is happy with the new plan. 7. After class, he went s______ to the playground to play sports. 8. All the neighbors p______ the boy for helping the old man. 9. The worker will w______ each bag of rice before selling it. 10. Remember to f______ your bottle with water before going hiking. 四、用词的适当形式填空 1.The _______ final result made all the teachers and students feel quite _______. (satisfy) 2. The box full of gold coins looks beautiful under the ______ light.(gold) 3. It took me hours to______ the work, and I was ________ tired out.(complete) 4. It is ______ that he has found out the ________ at last. (true) 5. The plan seems easy, but it seems_______ (bring) us many new problems. 6. Scientists discover new things every year, and each great ________ changes our world.(discover) 7. Please ______ the box and tell me its exact _______.（weigh） 8. He has a _______ belief and always holds on to it ________.(firm) 9. Don't fool others, and it's also ______ to cheat your friends.(fool) 10. She will _________by her teacher for her excellent homework.(praise) 五、完成句子 1.经过努力，他终于查明了真相，所有人都对此结果感到满意。 After his hard work, he finally_____ ____ ____ ______and everyone _____ _____ _______ the result. 2.这张桌子是木头制成的，而这种纸张是木头制成的。 This desk____ ____ ____wood, and this kind of paper ___ ___ ____ wood. 3.他把瓶子装满水，然后径直走向教室。 He ______ the bottle ______water and then ____ ____ _____ the classroom. 4.大家都因他的善良而称赞他，不是吗？ Everyone____ ____ _____his kindness, ____ ______? 5.他欺骗了很多人，最后被送进了监狱。 He ______ many people and ______ ______ ______ ______. 六、短文填空 A 短文填词 Everyone has a dream in their heart, but not everyone can make it come true. To realize a dream, we need 1.f________ belief and continuous effort. I have loved dancing since I was a little girl, and I always wish to become a good dancer. When I joined the school dance team, my coach was 2.s_________with my basic skills at first. However, training 3.s__________ harder and harder later. I often felt tired and wanted to stop. I could not keep moving straight towards my dream. At that moment, my coach talked with me 4.p_______. She told me that great success never comes without persistence. I made up my mind to hold a determined attitude and never give up. From then on, I practiced after school every day. I repeated every movement again and again. Slowly, my dancing skills got much better. In the school art show, I put on a wonderful 5.p________. All the teachers and classmates cheered for me. I finally felt fully happy with myself. This experience teaches me a lot. A fancy dream needs determination. As long as we keep going straight bravely, we will surely 6.r________our goals one day. B 语法填空（课文改写） Archimedes is one of the most famous scientists, mathematicians and inventors in ancient Greece. He lived in the city of Syracuse and was admired by people around him for his great 1._______(wise)and sharp mind. The story of the golden crown is widely known. King Hiero once ordered a crown maker to make a fancy golden crown. At first, the king was 2.______(satisfy)with its look, 3._____ he soon doubted whether it was completely made of real gold. He asked Archimedes to find out the 4._____(true). The problem seemed hard 5._____ (solve) at first. One day, when Archimedes filled his bath with water and stepped into it, lots of water ran over. He suddenly got 6._____ wonderful idea. He did many careful experiments and finally proved the crown was mixed with other metals. The crown maker fooled the king and 7.________(send) to prison. Besides this great 8.______(discover), Archimedes achieved a lot in different fields. He put forward many important 9.______ (theory) and invented many useful tools. His works have greatly influenced the development of science. Even today, thousands of years later, people still respect him. He teaches us to observe life carefully and think 10.______(brave). 七、语法选择 One day, Archimedes saw a young boy tried very hard to lift a heavy rock. The boy was using all his strength 1 still couldn’t move it. Archimedes saw this as 2 perfect opportunity to show the power of the lever (杠杆) 3 the boy could help him. Archimedes found a long, strong wooden plank (木板) and placed it ___4___the rock. Then, he stood at one end of the lever and said, “If you give me a firm support, I can move the world!” As the lever   5 as his tool, for a short time, Archimedes 6 lifted the rock. The boy watched in amazement as the heavy object rose from the ground. Atchimedes explained that the lever allowed us to apply a 7 force over a greater distance, resulting in a larger force at 8 end of the lever. This principle allowed us 9 heavy objects with less effort. Inspired by this simple but powerful example, the boy finally 10 the importance of Archimedes’ words. He understood 11 with the right tools and techniques, even the most difficult tasks could become manageable. Archimedes’ amazing achievement quickly spread across the community, and people started 12 levers to make their work easier. Archimedes’ breakthrough completely changed how people 13 handle heavy objects and had a long- lasting effect on engineering and building. From that day forward, Archimedes became famous for 14 understanding of the lever. His saying, “If you give me a firm support, I can move the world!” continues to inspire 15 of scientists, engineers, and students to this day. 1. A. but B. and C. so D. however 2. A. a B. an C. the D. / 3. A. unless B. when C. before D. if 4. A. on B. under C. above D. over 5. A. used B. is using C. was used D. is used 6. A. easy B. easily C. easier D. ease 7. A. small B. smaller C. smallest D. the smallest 8. A. other B. others C. another D. the other 9. A. moving B. moves C. moved D. to move 10. A. realized B. has realized C. would realize D. was realizing 11. A. that B. what C. when D. what 12. A. use B. using C. used D. to using 13. A. could B. must C. can D. should 14. A. he B. him C. his D. himself 15. A. many thousands B. thousand C. thousand of D. many thousand 八、完形填空 Curiosity is often called the “engine of progress”. It drives humans to explore, discover, and create. From ancient times to the present, curious minds have 1 the world we live in today.   When Isaac Newton saw an apple fall from a tree, he didn’t ignore it. Instead, he felt 2 and asked, “Why does it fall down?” This question led him to develop the theory of gravity. Similarly, Archimedes was curious about the water rising when he got into a bath. His 3 led to the discovery of buoyancy (浮力), which is still used in physics today.   In daily life, curiosity helps us learn better. A 2014 study 4 that curious people remember information 30% better than others. This is because curiosity makes the brain more open to new knowledge. For students, staying curious can 5 them to ask more questions and find answers on their own.   Curiosity also brings joy. Think about how a child 6 hours playing with a toy to figure out how it works. That joy of finding is the same feeling scientists get when they make a new discovery. Especially, it’s a 7 that keeps us going even when things are difficult.   However, curiosity isn’t just for great scientists. It’s for everyone. Whether you’re 8 how a phone works or why stars twinkle, asking “why” is the first step to learning. As the saying goes, “The important thing is not to stop 9 .”   So, let’s keep our curious minds alive. Ask questions, do experiments, and never be afraid to explore. You never know what amazing things you might 10 or how your curiosity could change the world. 1. A. changed B. broken C. returned D. copied 2. A. angry B. curious C. sleepy D. proud 3. A. fear B. curiosity C. sadness D. happiness 4. A. proved B. refused C. imagined D. guessed 5. A. warn B. encourage C. stop D. prevent 6. A. spends B. wastes C. misses D. saves 7. A. force B. problem C. mistake D. secret 8. A. bored B. tired C. curious D. nervous 9. A. playing B. asking C. eating D. sleeping 10. A. destroy B. invent C. weight D. taste 九、阅读理解 A Thousands of years ago, Archimedes, a brilliant ancient Greek figure, lived in the city of Syracuse. He was among the most outstanding scientists, mathematicians and inventors of his time. Gifted with sharp minds and patient characters, he was keen on observing tiny details in daily life. During his lifetime, he created numerous remarkable achievements across maths, physics and invention fields, leaving profound influences on human development. Among all his works, the discovery of buoyancy principle is the most world-famous one. We can learn it from the golden crown story. King Hiero once doubted his fancy golden crown was not made of pure gold, so he turned to Archimedes to find out the hidden truth. Stuck in the tough problem for days, Archimedes got sudden inspiration when water ran over his bathtub as he stepped inside. He soon carried out fair experiments and proved the dishonest crown maker fooled the king. Finally, the cheater was sent to prison, and Archimedes concluded the famous buoyancy law (浮力定律)from this test. Apart from physical discoveries, Archimedes also made groundbreaking breakthroughs in mathematics. He spent years studying geometry and worked out precise data about circles and spheres. He even finished plenty of valuable maths books. His research solved countless hard calculation problems for ancient people and greatly promoted the progress of ancient mathematics. He also invented plenty of practical machines to benefit common people and protect his hometown. He created water screws to help farmers irrigate farmland easily. Meanwhile, he designed powerful defensive tools to keep enemy armies away from Syracuse. Surprisingly, his ancient discoveries still shape modern science today. His buoyancy law supports modern shipbuilding, submarine manufacturing and ocean exploration. Besides, his geometric theories build solid foundations for modern maths, physics and engineering. Even today, scientists adopt his research ways to finish experiments and data analysis. Archimedes devoted his whole life to scientific exploration. All his success comes from constant thinking and careful tests. Praised as one of the wisest ancient scholars, he is learned in middle school classes. His spirit of observation and exploration encourages students to think independently and explore the world bravely. 1.According to the passage, what laid a solid foundation for modern engineering? A. Archimedes’ buoyancy law B. Archimedes’ geometric theories C. Archimedes’ defensive tools D. The golden crown experiment 2. What can we know about Archimedes from Paragraph 2? A. He was good at combining daily phenomena with scientific research. B. He finished the crown experiment with others’ help quickly. C. He hated the crown maker from the very beginning. D. He created the buoyancy law long before the crown test. 3. What can be learned about modern science from Paragraph 5? A. Modern scientists have given up Archimedes’ old theories. B. Ancient scientific theories still have great practical value. C. Ocean exploration totally depends on new modern laws. D. Engineering has no connection with geometry theories. 4. Which of the following is true about Archimedes? A. He lived in an ancient Greek city named Athens. B. He wrote no books during his whole lifetime. C. He invented water screws to help farmers irrigate land. D. He solved the crown problem without any experiments. 5. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Tell the whole story of the famous golden crown test. B. Introduce Archimedes’ achievements and far-reaching influence. C. Show the development of ancient Greek mathematics. D. Praise the spirit of modern scientific researchers. B 阅读还原 We have a saying that “Filial piety is one of the virtues to be held above all else (百善孝为先).” 1 Many different stories recorded it. Chinese parents usually set good examples for children. Every week they go to visit their parents and look after them. 2 When children’s parents get ill, they do the same things. 3 Parents do so many things for children. They feed and teach their children. It’s natural that children want to pay them back. As teenagers, filial piety may mean not always arguing (争吵) with parents, and trying to do things in a good way. In China, many schools have activities about filial piety. Teachers ask children to cook for parents. They help wash parents’ feet. These are all actions of kindness. 4 Confucius believed that only if everyone is good to their parents can they be good to other people. Then there won’t be many fights so that we could bring peace to the world. Filial piety is not just about loving your parents. 5 It can improve the development of the family, society and country. A. Filial piety is a natural thing. B. Instead, it’s about loving everyone! C. Sometimes we agree with our parents. D. Then children get the idea of caring for them as well. E. Children develop stronger love for parents through them. F. So you know how important it is for the Chinese to love and look after their parents. C 阅读回答问题 Thomas Edison made more than 1,000 inventions in his life. Many of his inventions have changed the world. His first invention was a vote recorder (投票记录器) in 1869. The machine allowed people to place a vote by pressing a button. They didn’t need to say yes or no. However, American government officials did not like Edison's invention because they preferred to call out their votes. Edison learned that he would never again invent anything people did not want. Edison started a company with his friend, Franklin Pope. They made fire and burglar (盗窃) alarms. At this company, Edison was busy from early in the morning until late at night. He often said, “There’s no substitute (替代品) for hard work.” He invented a telegraph to print the price of gold and silver. He sold it to the West Union Company for $15,000. With some of this money Edison started his own company in 1868. Next he invented a stock ticker (证券报价机). This was a machine that recorded the price of stocks in New York. The West Union Company paid Edison $40,000 for this invention. Edison used the money to open a shop in Newark in the state of New Jersey. There he met a young woman, Mary Stilwell. Edison and Mary got married on Christmas Day in 1871. They had three children. In 1875, with his wife and young family, Edison moved to Menlo Park in the same state. There he built his own laboratory. In the laboratory were tables, science books, instruments and bottles of chemicals. His first success at Menlo Park was an improvement (改进) on the telephone that Alexander Graham Bell had just invented. 1. What did Edison learn from his first invention? 2. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 mean? 3. When did Edison have a company of his own? 4. Who moved to Menlo with Edison? 5. Do you dream of being an inventor? Why (not)? Researchers who examined DNA from famous German musician Ludwig van Beethoven have found something new about his health. They found that he had a risk for liver (肝脏) disease. The DNA also showed that Beethoven caught the virus hepatitis B (乙肝病毒) in the last months of his life. The virus hurts the liver. The findings suggest Beethoven’s liver problems were enough to cause the liver failure widely believed to have killed him. The musician was also believed to have been a heavy drinker, which can influence the liver. The musician himself wrote that he wanted doctors to study his health problems after he died. Axel Schmidt is a researcher who helped lead the research. He said that Beethoven’s sicknesses had “sometimes prevented his creative work”. Schmidt added that for many doctors, “it has always been a mystery” what exactly killed him. Since his death, scientists have long tried to piece together Beethoven’s medical history. And they have offered many explanations for his many health conditions. But new examination technology and methods now make it possible to revisit (再次讨论) health and death information by studying ancient DNA. The DNA were collected from hair cut from Beethoven’s head. Getting enough genetic (遗传的) material was difficult because DNA in hair gets cut up into very small pieces. But finally, after using up almost 3 meters of Beethoven’s hair, the team finished it. The question of what caused Beethoven’s hearing loss remains unanswered, said Ohio State University’s Dr Cooper. He said that the mystery might continue forever because DNA can not show us everything about our health. However, Cooper added that the mystery is part of what makes Beethoven so interesting and popular. “The fact that we can’t know is OK,” he said. 1. What did researchers find by examining Beethoven’s DNA? A. Why he kept fit in the last months. B. How he caught the virus hepatitis B. C. What might have caused his death. D. What he drank most while young. 2. It is still a mystery to people ________ according to the passage. A. why Beethoven couldn’t hear B. what stopped Beethoven from creating music C. how many explanations there were for Beethoven’s death D. what made it possible to revisit Beethoven’s death information 3. What difficulty did scientists have in examining Beethoven’s DNA? A. The technology was out of date. B. It was hard to collect enough DNA. C. There wasn’t enough time to do research. D. It took a lot of time to find Beethoven’s hair. 4. What did Beethoven ask doctors to do? A. Examine his DNA later. B. Develop his creativity. C. Keep his mystery forever. D. Make a study of his health. 5. What does Cooper think of Beethoven’s mystery? A. It may live a long time. B. It will be cleared up soon. C. It is a headache for scientists. D. It encourages people to study DNA. $Unit 2 Great ideas Section 1 Reading分层练习 A组 巩固过关 C组 思维拔高 B组 能力进阶 拓展 链接中考 词汇 *firm adj.牢固的；坚硬的 ignorance n.无知 application n.（尤指 理论、发现等的）应用 fancy adj.精致的;绚丽的 satisfied adj.满意的;满足的 prince n.王子 displace v.排出,取代,替代 fool v.欺骗; *prison / n.监狱；牢狱 be satisfied with 对…感到满足 fill... with充满；装满 run over 溢出 go straight to 直奔 句型 1. Give me but one firm spot on which to stand, and I will move the Earth. 给我一个支点，我就能撬动地球。 2. At first, he was very satisfied with it. 起初，他对这顶王冠十分满意。 3. “This problem seems difficult to solve. What should I do?” thought Archimedes. 阿基米德心想：这个问题似乎很难解决，我该怎么办？ 4. Archimedes was still thinking about this problem as he filled his bath with water 阿基米德往浴缸里放水时，还在思索这个难题。 5. A crown made completely of gold displaces less water than a crown made of gold and another metal. 纯金打造的王冠，比掺了其他金属的王冠排开的水量更少。 6. He then sent the crown maker to prison, and he praised Archimedes for his clever discovery. 随后他将工匠关进监狱，并称赞阿基米德这一巧妙的发现。 一、翻译短语 1 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.____________________对…感到满意 2. ____________________由…制成 3. ____________________查明真相 4. ____________________思考，考虑 5. ____________________用…装满 6. ____________________溢出；漫出 7. ____________________径直前往 8. ____________________把…放入 9. ____________________把…关进监狱 10. ____________________因…称赞 【答案】1.be satisfied with 2.be made of 3.find out the truth 4. think about 5.fill…with 6.ran over 7.go straight to 8.put into 9. send…to prison 10.praise…for 二、单项选择。 1.If you have a dream, you should hold a ______ belief and never give up. A. firm B. fancy C. full D. fair 【答案】A 【解析】句意：如果你拥有梦想，就应该怀揣坚定的信念，永不放弃。本题考查形容词词义辨析。A. firm 坚定的；坚决的；B. fancy 精致的；华丽的；别致的；C. full 满的；饱的；D. fair 公平的；晴朗的。结合后半句 “never give up（永不放弃）” 的语境，此处表达 “坚定的信念”，只有 firm 符合句意，故选 A。 2.The ______ of new technology makes our daily life much easier. A. appointment B. application C. arrangement D. amusement 【答案】B 【解析】句意：新技术的应用让我们的日常生活变得更加便利。本题考查名词词义辨析。A. appointment 约会，预约；B. application 应用，运用；C. arrangement 安排，布置；D. amusement 娱乐，消遣。根据 “new technology（新技术）” 以及 “makes our daily life much easier（让生活更便利）” 可知，此处表达技术的使用与运用，application 符合语境，故选 B。 3.She wore a ______ dress to the party and looked very beautiful. A. fancy B. funny C. full D. fresh 【答案】A 【解析】句意：她穿着精致华丽的连衣裙去参加派对，看起来十分漂亮。本题考查形容词词义辨析。A. fancy 精致的；华丽的；别致的；B. funny 有趣的；滑稽的；C. full 满的；饱的；D. fresh 新鲜的；清新的。结合句中 dress（连衣裙）和 party（派对）的语境，此处形容服饰精美好看，只有 fancy 符合句意，故选 A。 4. We shouldn’t send a good person like him to _____ prison. A. a B. an C. the D. / 【答案】D 【解析】句意：我们不应该把像他这样的好人送进监狱。本题考查零冠词的用法。固定短语 send sb. to prison 表示 “把某人关进监狱”，侧重入狱服刑这一行为，prison 前不加冠词；若加 the，即 send sb. to the prison，则表示 “去监狱（地点）”，并非服刑。本句表达关押他人，因此 prison 前用零冠词，故选 D。 5. He filled the pot with water, ______? A. did he B. didn’t he C. does he D. doesn’t he 【答案】B 【解析】句意：他把罐子装满了水，不是吗？本题考查反意疑问句。反意疑问句遵循 “前肯后否，前否后肯” 的原则。主句为肯定句，且谓语动词 filled 是 fill 的过去式，时态为一般过去时，助动词要用 did，后半句需用否定形式 didn't，主语用 he 指代主句主语。A 为肯定形式，C、D 时态为一般现在时，均不符合要求，故选 B。 6.—Do you believe that paper is made _____ wood? —Yes, I do. And you can see that books are made ______ paper. A. from; from B. from; of C. of; from D. of; of 【答案】B 【解析】句意：—— 你相信纸是由木头制成的吗？—— 是的。而且你能看到书是由纸做成的。本题考查固定短语辨析。be made from 表示 “由…… 制成”，成品看不出原材料；be made of 表示 “由…… 制成”，成品能直接看出原材料。纸由木头制成，无法看出原料，用 from；书由纸张制成，可以直接看出原料，用 of。结合用法区别，故选 B。 7.If you read a lot, your life will be filled _______ pleasure. A. by B. of C. for D. with 【答案】D 【解析】句意：如果你多读书，你的生活将会充满乐趣。本题考查固定搭配。固定短语 be filled with 意为 “充满……”，是固定用法。A 选项 by 常用于被动语态；B 选项 of 一般不与 fill 搭配；C 选项 for 意为 “为了”，均不符合短语搭配规则。故选 D。 8.With the development of new machines, some traditional tools have been ______ little by little. A. displace B. divide C. discover D. disappear 【答案】A 【解析】句意：随着新机器的发展，一些传统工具渐渐被取代了。本题考查动词词义辨析。A. displace 取代；替代；B. divide 分开；划分；C. discover 发现；D. disappear 消失。结合语境 “new machines（新机器）” 和 “traditional tools（传统工具）”，新设备会逐步替代老旧工具，displace 符合句意，故选 A。 9.No one ______ his ability to finish the difficult task alone. A. decides B. doubts C. describes D. develops 【答案】B 【解析】句意：没有人怀疑他独自完成这项艰巨任务的能力。本题考查动词词义辨析。A. decides 决定；B. doubts 怀疑；C. describes 描述；D. develops 发展。结合 “ability（能力）” 和 “difficult task（艰巨任务）” 的语境，句子表达大家都认可他的能力，没人会质疑他，doubt 符合句意，故选 B。 10. We should use our brains and never let others ______ us easily. A. force B. fool C. forget D. form 【答案】B 【解析】句意：我们应该多动脑筋，绝不要轻易被别人欺骗。本题考查动词词义辨析。A. force 强迫；迫使；B. fool 欺骗；愚弄；C. forget 忘记；D. form 形成。根据 “use our brains（动脑筋）” 的提示，此处指防止被他人欺骗，fool 符合句意，故选 B。 11.What a ______ trip! We all felt quite ______ after it. A. satisfied; satisfying B. satisfying; satisfied C. satisfied; satisfied D. satisfying; satisfying 【答案】B 【解析】句意：这次旅行真是令人愉快！结束后我们都感到十分满意。本题考查形容词辨析。satisfying 用来形容事物 “令人满意的”，第一空修饰名词 trip（旅行），选用 satisfying；satisfied 用来形容人 “感到满意的”，第二空主语是 We，描述人的感受，选用 satisfied。结合用法区别和语境，故选 B。 12. We should ______ those who work hard and make progress. A. pretend B. prevent C. praise D. prepare 【答案】C 【解析】句意：我们应该称赞那些努力奋斗、不断进步的人。本题考查动词词义辨析。A. pretend 假装；B. prevent 阻止；预防；C. praise 表扬；夸赞；D. prepare 准备。根据 “work hard and make progress（努力并取得进步）” 可知，这类人值得被夸赞，praise 符合句意，故选 C。 三、根据首字母写出单词 1.There are many f______ decorations in the big hall. 2. As the king's son, the p______ must learn to take care of the country. 3. Honest people never try to f______ others for their own benefit. 4. The man who broke the law was sent to p______ at last. 5. There is no d______ that reading can open our eyes. 6. It s______ that everyone is happy with the new plan. 7. After class, he went s______ to the playground to play sports. 8. All the neighbors p______ the boy for helping the old man. 9. The worker will w______ each bag of rice before selling it. 10. Remember to f______ your bottle with water before going hiking. 【答案】1.fancy 2.prince 3.fool 4.prison 5.doubt 6.seem 7.straight 8.praise 9.weigh 10.fill 四、用词的适当形式填空 1.The _______ final result made all the teachers and students feel quite _______. (satisfy) 2. The box full of gold coins looks beautiful under the ______ light.(gold) 3. It took me hours to______ the work, and I was ________ tired out.(complete) 4. It is ______ that he has found out the ________ at last. (true) 5. The plan seems easy, but it seems_______ (bring) us many new problems. 6. Scientists discover new things every year, and each great ________ changes our world.(discover) 7. Please ______ the box and tell me its exact _______.（weigh） 8. He has a _______ belief and always holds on to it ________.(firm) 9. Don't fool others, and it's also ______ to cheat your friends.(fool) 10. She will _________by her teacher for her excellent homework.(praise) 【答案】1.satisfying satisfied 2.golden 3.complete completely 4.true truth 5.to bring 6.discovery 7.weigh weight 8.firm firmly 9.foolish 10.be praised 五、完成句子 1.经过努力，他终于查明了真相，所有人都对此结果感到满意。 After his hard work, he finally_____ ____ ____ ______and everyone _____ _____ _______ the result. 2.这张桌子是木头制成的，而这种纸张是木头制成的。 This desk____ ____ ____wood, and this kind of paper ___ ___ ____ wood. 3.他把瓶子装满水，然后径直走向教室。 He ______ the bottle ______water and then ____ ____ _____ the classroom. 4.大家都因他的善良而称赞他，不是吗？ Everyone____ ____ _____his kindness, ____ ______? 5.他欺骗了很多人，最后被送进了监狱。 He ______ many people and ______ ______ ______ ______. 【答案】1.found out the truth was satisfied with 2.is made of is made from 3.filled with went straight to 4.praises him for don't they 5.fooled was sent to prison 六、短文填空 A 短文填词 Everyone has a dream in their heart, but not everyone can make it come true. To realize a dream, we need 1.f________ belief and continuous effort. I have loved dancing since I was a little girl, and I always wish to become a good dancer. When I joined the school dance team, my coach was 2.s_________with my basic skills at first. However, training 3.s__________ harder and harder later. I often felt tired and wanted to stop. I could not keep moving straight towards my dream. At that moment, my coach talked with me 4.p_______. She told me that great success never comes without persistence. I made up my mind to hold a determined attitude and never give up. From then on, I practiced after school every day. I repeated every movement again and again. Slowly, my dancing skills got much better. In the school art show, I put on a wonderful 5.p________. All the teachers and classmates cheered for me. I finally felt fully happy with myself. This experience teaches me a lot. A fancy dream needs determination. As long as we keep going straight bravely, we will surely 6.r________our goals one day. 【答案】1.firm 2. satisfied 3.seemed 4.patiently 5.performance. 6. reach/realize B 语法填空（课文改写） Archimedes is one of the most famous scientists, mathematicians and inventors in ancient Greece. He lived in the city of Syracuse and was admired by people around him for his great 1._______(wise)and sharp mind. The story of the golden crown is widely known. King Hiero once ordered a crown maker to make a fancy golden crown. At first, the king was 2.______(satisfy)with its look, 3._____ he soon doubted whether it was completely made of real gold. He asked Archimedes to find out the 4._____(true). The problem seemed hard 5._____ (solve) at first. One day, when Archimedes filled his bath with water and stepped into it, lots of water ran over. He suddenly got 6._____ wonderful idea. He did many careful experiments and finally proved the crown was mixed with other metals. The crown maker fooled the king and 7.________(send) to prison. Besides this great 8.______(discover), Archimedes achieved a lot in different fields. He put forward many important 9.______ (theory) and invented many useful tools. His works have greatly influenced the development of science. Even today, thousands of years later, people still respect him. He teaches us to observe life carefully and think 10.______(brave). 【答案】1.wisdom 2.satisfied 3.but 4.truth 5.to solve 6.a 7.was sent 8.discovery 9.theories 10.bravely 七、语法选择 One day, Archimedes saw a young boy tried very hard to lift a heavy rock. The boy was using all his strength 1 still couldn’t move it. Archimedes saw this as 2 perfect opportunity to show the power of the lever (杠杆) 3 the boy could help him. Archimedes found a long, strong wooden plank (木板) and placed it ___4___the rock. Then, he stood at one end of the lever and said, “If you give me a firm support, I can move the world!” As the lever   5 as his tool, for a short time, Archimedes 6 lifted the rock. The boy watched in amazement as the heavy object rose from the ground. Atchimedes explained that the lever allowed us to apply a 7 force over a greater distance, resulting in a larger force at 8 end of the lever. This principle allowed us 9 heavy objects with less effort. Inspired by this simple but powerful example, the boy finally 10 the importance of Archimedes’ words. He understood 11 with the right tools and techniques, even the most difficult tasks could become manageable. Archimedes’ amazing achievement quickly spread across the community, and people started 12 levers to make their work easier. Archimedes’ breakthrough completely changed how people 13 handle heavy objects and had a long- lasting effect on engineering and building. From that day forward, Archimedes became famous for 14 understanding of the lever. His saying, “If you give me a firm support, I can move the world!” continues to inspire 15 of scientists, engineers, and students to this day. 1. A. but B. and C. so D. however 2. A. a B. an C. the D. / 3. A. unless B. when C. before D. if 4. A. on B. under C. above D. over 5. A. used B. is using C. was used D. is used 6. A. easy B. easily C. easier D. ease 7. A. small B. smaller C. smallest D. the smallest 8. A. other B. others C. another D. the other 9. A. moving B. moves C. moved D. to move 10. A. realized B. has realized C. would realize D. was realizing 11. A. that B. what C. when D. what 12. A. use B. using C. used D. to using 13. A. could B. must C. can D. should 14. A. he B. him C. his D. himself 15. A. many thousands B. thousand C. thousand of D. many thousand 【答案】1. A 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. C 6. B 7. B 8. D 9. D 10. A 11. A 12. B 13. A 14. C 15. A 【解析】本文讲述了阿基米德向一个男孩展示杠杆力量的故事，通过这个例子，男孩明白了正确的工具和技术能使困难任务变得容易，阿基米德也因其对杠杆的理解而闻名，并激励着众多人。 1. 句意：一天，阿基米德看到一个年轻男孩非常努力地试图举起一块沉重的石头。男孩用尽全力，但仍然无法移动它。 but但是；and并且；so所以；however然而。根据“The boy was using all his strength…still couldn’t move it”可知，男孩用力但无法移动石头，前后为转折关系，故选A。 2. 句意：阿基米德认为这是一个展示杠杆力量的绝佳机会，如果男孩能帮助他。 a一个；an一个；the这个；/不填。此处表示“一个机会”，且perfect以辅音音素开头，选a，故选A。 3. 句意：阿基米德认为这是一个展示杠杆力量的绝佳机会，如果男孩能帮助他。 unless除非；when当……时候；before在……之前；if如果。根据“show the power of the lever…the boy could help him.”，这里表示条件，选if，故选D。 4. 句意：阿基米德找到了一块又长又结实的木板，并把它放在石头下面。 on在……上面；under在……下面；above在……上方；over在……上方。根据常识可知，杠杆应放在石头下面，选under，故选B。 5. 句意：当杠杆被用作他的工具时，在很短的时间内，阿基米德轻松地举起了石头。 used使用，过去式；is using正在使用，现在进行时；was used被使用，一般过去时的被动语态；is used被使用，一般现在时的被动语态。此处表示杠杆被使用，且故事发生在过去，所以使用一般过去时的被动语态，故选C。 6. 句意：当杠杆被用作他的工具时，在很短的时间内，阿基米德轻松地举起了石头。 easy容易的，形容词；easily容易地，副词；easier更容易的，比较级；ease缓解，动词。此处修饰动词lifted，应用副词，故选B。 7. 句意：阿基米德解释说，杠杆允许我们在更大的距离上施加更小的力，从而在杠杆的另一端产生更大的力。 small小的；smaller更小的；smallest最小的；the smallest最小的，定冠词+最高级。根据“the lever allowed us to apply a…force over a greater distance”，这里表示更小的力，应用比较级，故选B。 8. 句意：阿基米德解释说，杠杆允许我们在更大的距离上施加更小的力，从而在杠杆的另一端产生更大的力。 other其他的；others其他人或物；another另一个；the other两者中的另一个。根据常识，杠杆有两端，此处指另一端，应用the other，故选D。 9. 句意：这个原理允许我们用更少的努力移动重物。 moving移动，现在分词；moves移动，第三人称单数形式；moved移动，过去式；to move移动，不定式。allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事，选to move，故选D。 10. 句意：受到这个简单但强大的例子的启发，男孩终于意识到了阿基米德的话的重要性。 realized意识到，过去式；has realized已经意识到，现在完成时；would realize将会意识到，过去将来时；was realizing正在意识到，过去进行时。全文都在讲述发生在过去的故事，所以此处应用一般过去时，选realized，故选A。 11. 句意：他明白，有了正确的工具和技术，故选使是最困难的任务也能变得易于管理。 that引导宾语从句，无实义；what什么；when什么时候；what什么。此处引导宾语从句，且在从句中不作成分，用that，故选A。 12. 句意：阿基米德的惊人成就迅速传遍了整个社区，人们开始使用杠杆来使他们的工作更容易。 use使用，动词原形；using使用，现在分词；used使用，过去式；to using to为介词，后接动名词。start doing sth.开始做某事，选using，故选B。 13. 句意：阿基米德的突破彻底改变了人们处理重物的方式，并对工程和建筑产生了长期影响。 could能够，过去式；must必须；can能够，现在时；should应该。根据“Archimedes’ breakthrough completely changed how people…handle heavy objects”可知，该句是宾语从句，主句是一般过去时，从句也应该是一般过去时，此处应用过去式，选could，故选A。 14. 句意：从那天起，阿基米德因其对杠杆的理解而闻名。 he他，主格；him他，宾格；his他的，形容词性物主代词或名词性物主代词；himself他自己，反身代词。此处表示“他的理解”，应用形容词性物主代词his，故选C。 15. 句意：他的名言“如果你给我一个坚定的支持，我就能移动世界！”至今仍激励着成千上万的科学家、工程师和学生。 many thousands许多千；thousand千；thousand of错误表达；many thousand错误表达。thousands of成千上万的，后接名词复数。故选A。 八、完形填空 Curiosity is often called the “engine of progress”. It drives humans to explore, discover, and create. From ancient times to the present, curious minds have 1 the world we live in today.   When Isaac Newton saw an apple fall from a tree, he didn’t ignore it. Instead, he felt 2 and asked, “Why does it fall down?” This question led him to develop the theory of gravity. Similarly, Archimedes was curious about the water rising when he got into a bath. His 3 led to the discovery of buoyancy (浮力), which is still used in physics today.   In daily life, curiosity helps us learn better. A 2014 study 4 that curious people remember information 30% better than others. This is because curiosity makes the brain more open to new knowledge. For students, staying curious can 5 them to ask more questions and find answers on their own.   Curiosity also brings joy. Think about how a child 6 hours playing with a toy to figure out how it works. That joy of finding is the same feeling scientists get when they make a new discovery. Especially, it’s a 7 that keeps us going even when things are difficult.   However, curiosity isn’t just for great scientists. It’s for everyone. Whether you’re 8 how a phone works or why stars twinkle, asking “why” is the first step to learning. As the saying goes, “The important thing is not to stop 9 .”   So, let’s keep our curious minds alive. Ask questions, do experiments, and never be afraid to explore. You never know what amazing things you might 10 or how your curiosity could change the world. 1. A. changed B. broken C. returned D. copied 2. A. angry B. curious C. sleepy D. proud 3. A. fear B. curiosity C. sadness D. happiness 4. A. proved B. refused C. imagined D. guessed 5. A. warn B. encourage C. stop D. prevent 6. A. spends B. wastes C. misses D. saves 7. A. force B. problem C. mistake D. secret 8. A. bored B. tired C. curious D. nervous 9. A. playing B. asking C. eating D. sleeping 10. A. destroy B. invent C. weight D. taste 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. B 4. A 5. B 6. A 7. A 8. C 9. B 10. B 【解析】本文讲述了好奇心被称为“进步的引擎”，它推动人类探索、发现和创造，从古至今，好奇的头脑改变了我们生活的世界，还介绍了好奇心在学习、带来快乐等方面的作用，强调每个人都应保持好奇心。 1. 句意：从古至今，好奇的头脑改变了我们今天生活的世界。 changed改变；broken打破；returned返回；copied复制。根据原文“Curiosity is often called the ‘engine of progress’. It drives humans to explore, discover, and create”可知，好奇心推动人们探索创造，改变了世界，故选A。 2. 句意：相反，他感到好奇，问道：“它为什么会掉下来？” angry生气的；curious好奇的；sleepy困倦的；proud骄傲的。根据原文“...asked, ‘Why does it fall down?’”可知，牛顿对苹果掉落感到“好奇”，故选B。 3. 句意：他的好奇心导致了浮力的发现，浮力至今仍在物理学中被使用。 fear恐惧；curiosity好奇心；sadness悲伤；happiness快乐。根据原文“Archimedes was curious about the water rising when he got into a bath”可知，阿基米德的“好奇心”促使他有了发现，故选B。 4. 句意：2014年的一项研究证明，好奇的人比其他人能多记住30%的信息。 proved证明；refused拒绝；imagined想象；guessed猜测。根据原文“A 2014 study... that curious people remember information 30% better than others”可知，研究“证明”了好奇心有助于记忆，故选A。 5. 句意：对于学生来说，保持好奇心可以鼓励他们提出更多问题并自己寻找答案。 warn警告；encourage鼓励；stop阻止；prevent防止。根据原文“staying curious can... them to ask more questions and find answers on their own”可知，好奇心鼓励学生提问，故选B。 6. 句意：想想一个孩子会花几个小时玩一个玩具，想弄明白它是怎么工作的。 spends花费（时间）；wastes浪费；misses错过；saves节省。根据原文“how a child... hours playing with a toy to figure out how it works”可知，孩子会花时间玩玩具研究其工作原理，故选A。 7. 句意：特别是，它是一种动力，即使在困难的时候也能让我们继续前进。 force动力，力量；problem问题；mistake错误；secret秘密。根据原文“that keeps us going even when things are difficult”可知，好奇心是一种动力，故选A。 8. 句意：无论你对手机如何工作或星星为什么闪烁感到好奇，问“为什么”是学习的第一步。 bored无聊的；tired累的；curious好奇的；nervous紧张的。根据原文“asking ‘why’ is the first step to learning”可知，是对事物感到好奇，“be curious about”表示“对……好奇”，故选C。 9. 句意：俗话说：“重要的是不要停止提问。” playing玩；asking问；eating吃；sleeping睡。根据原文“asking ‘why’ is the first step to learning”可知，不要停止提问，故选B。 10. 句意：你永远不知道你可能会发明出什么惊人的东西，或者你的好奇心会如何改变世界。 destroy破坏；invent发明；weight重量；taste品尝。根据原文“what amazing things you might...”可知，好奇心可能让人“发明”东西，故选B。 九、阅读理解 A Thousands of years ago, Archimedes, a brilliant ancient Greek figure, lived in the city of Syracuse. He was among the most outstanding scientists, mathematicians and inventors of his time. Gifted with sharp minds and patient characters, he was keen on observing tiny details in daily life. During his lifetime, he created numerous remarkable achievements across maths, physics and invention fields, leaving profound influences on human development. Among all his works, the discovery of buoyancy principle is the most world-famous one. We can learn it from the golden crown story. King Hiero once doubted his fancy golden crown was not made of pure gold, so he turned to Archimedes to find out the hidden truth. Stuck in the tough problem for days, Archimedes got sudden inspiration when water ran over his bathtub as he stepped inside. He soon carried out fair experiments and proved the dishonest crown maker fooled the king. Finally, the cheater was sent to prison, and Archimedes concluded the famous buoyancy law (浮力定律)from this test. Apart from physical discoveries, Archimedes also made groundbreaking breakthroughs in mathematics. He spent years studying geometry and worked out precise data about circles and spheres. He even finished plenty of valuable maths books. His research solved countless hard calculation problems for ancient people and greatly promoted the progress of ancient mathematics. He also invented plenty of practical machines to benefit common people and protect his hometown. He created water screws to help farmers irrigate farmland easily. Meanwhile, he designed powerful defensive tools to keep enemy armies away from Syracuse. Surprisingly, his ancient discoveries still shape modern science today. His buoyancy law supports modern shipbuilding, submarine manufacturing and ocean exploration. Besides, his geometric theories build solid foundations for modern maths, physics and engineering. Even today, scientists adopt his research ways to finish experiments and data analysis. Archimedes devoted his whole life to scientific exploration. All his success comes from constant thinking and careful tests. Praised as one of the wisest ancient scholars, he is learned in middle school classes. His spirit of observation and exploration encourages students to think independently and explore the world bravely. 1.According to the passage, what laid a solid foundation for modern engineering? A. Archimedes’ buoyancy law B. Archimedes’ geometric theories C. Archimedes’ defensive tools D. The golden crown experiment 2. What can we know about Archimedes from Paragraph 2? A. He was good at combining daily phenomena with scientific research. B. He finished the crown experiment with others’ help quickly. C. He hated the crown maker from the very beginning. D. He created the buoyancy law long before the crown test. 3. What can be learned about modern science from Paragraph 5? A. Modern scientists have given up Archimedes’ old theories. B. Ancient scientific theories still have great practical value. C. Ocean exploration totally depends on new modern laws. D. Engineering has no connection with geometry theories. 4. Which of the following is true about Archimedes? A. He lived in an ancient Greek city named Athens. B. He wrote no books during his whole lifetime. C. He invented water screws to help farmers irrigate land. D. He solved the crown problem without any experiments. 5. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Tell the whole story of the famous golden crown test. B. Introduce Archimedes’ achievements and far-reaching influence. C. Show the development of ancient Greek mathematics. D. Praise the spirit of modern scientific researchers. 【答案】BABCB 【解析】本文主要介绍了古希腊学者阿基米德在物理、数学、发明等领域的各项成就，以及他的研究成果至今对现代科学仍有着深远影响。 1.细节理解题。根据文章第五段 “Besides, his geometric theories build solid foundations for modern maths, physics and engineering.” 可知，阿基米德的几何理论为现代工程学奠定了坚实基础。A 选项浮力定律多用于造船、潜艇制造和海洋探索；C 选项防御工具是他发明的守城器械；D 选项金王冠实验是发现浮力定律的过程，均不符合题意。故选 B。 2.推理判断题。第二段讲述阿基米德在泡澡时，从水溢出浴缸这一日常现象中获得灵感，进而完成实验、发现浮力定律。由此能推断出他擅长将日常现象与科学研究相结合。B 选项文中未提及他得到他人帮助；C 选项国王怀疑王冠掺假，并非阿基米德一开始就痛恨工匠；D 选项浮力定律正是在王冠实验之后总结得出的。故选 A。 3.细节理解题。第五段开篇点明阿基米德古老的发现至今仍影响着现代科学，后续举例说明他的理论在造船、数理、实验研究等方面依旧发挥作用，体现出古代科学理论仍具备很高的实用价值。A 选项现代科学家并未舍弃他的理论；C 选项海洋探索依托他的浮力定律，并非完全依靠新定律；D 选项几何理论是工程学的基础，二者联系紧密。故选 B。 4.细节理解题。根据第四段 “He created water screws to help farmers irrigate farmland easily.” 可知他发明螺旋水车帮助农民灌溉农田，C 项表述正确。A 选项他居住在锡拉库萨而非雅典；B 选项文中提到他完成了多部有价值的数学著作；D 选项他通过多次实验才解决王冠难题。故选 C。 5.主旨大意题。文章依次介绍了阿基米德在浮力、数学、器械发明上的成就，最后讲述其研究对现代科学的深远影响以及他的精神价值。A 选项金王冠实验只是文中一个事例，并非全文主旨；C 选项古希腊数学发展只是部分内容，概括片面；D 选项文章赞扬的是阿基米德的探索精神，并非现代科研人员。故选 B。 B 阅读还原 We have a saying that “Filial piety is one of the virtues to be held above all else (百善孝为先).” 1 Many different stories recorded it. Chinese parents usually set good examples for children. Every week they go to visit their parents and look after them. 2 When children’s parents get ill, they do the same things. 3 Parents do so many things for children. They feed and teach their children. It’s natural that children want to pay them back. As teenagers, filial piety may mean not always arguing (争吵) with parents, and trying to do things in a good way. In China, many schools have activities about filial piety. Teachers ask children to cook for parents. They help wash parents’ feet. These are all actions of kindness. 4 Confucius believed that only if everyone is good to their parents can they be good to other people. Then there won’t be many fights so that we could bring peace to the world. Filial piety is not just about loving your parents. 5 It can improve the development of the family, society and country. A. Filial piety is a natural thing. B. Instead, it’s about loving everyone! C. Sometimes we agree with our parents. D. Then children get the idea of caring for them as well. E. Children develop stronger love for parents through them. F. So you know how important it is for the Chinese to love and look after their parents. 【答案】1. F 2. D 3. A 4. E 5. B 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了中国传统文化中的“孝道”，包括其重要性、父母对孩子的榜样作用、学校开展的相关活动以及孝道对社会和谐的意义。 1. 根据前文“We have a saying that ‘Filial piety is one of the virtues to be held above all else.’”和后文 “Many different stories recorded it.”，可知此处需要承接谚语，说明孝道在中国文化中的重要性。F项“So you know how important it is for the Chinese to love and look after their parents.”表示孝顺父母很重要。 2. 根据前文“Chinese parents usually set good examples for children.”，说明父母对孩子们提供了榜样，此处需要说明父母的行为对孩子的影响。D项“Then children get the idea of caring for them as well.”体现了孩子所受到的影响。 3. 根据后文“Parents do so many things for children. ”和“ It’ s natural that children want to pay them back.”，表示父母对孩子的爱非常多，所以孩子们想回报父母，此处需要引出 “孝道是自然而然的事” 这一观点。A项“Filial piety is a natural thing.”符合语境。 4. 根据前文 “These are all actions of kindness.”，表示文中举例的老师让孩子为父母做饭、帮父母洗脚，都是善意的行为，此处需要说明这些活动的意义。E项“Children develop stronger love for parents through them.”指出这些活动可以培养更深的爱。 5. 根据前文 “Filial piety is not just about loving your parents.”，表明孝道不仅是爱你的父母，此处需要补充说明孝道的更广泛内涵。B项“Instead, it’s about loving everyone!”符合语境。 C 阅读回答问题 Thomas Edison made more than 1,000 inventions in his life. Many of his inventions have changed the world. His first invention was a vote recorder (投票记录器) in 1869. The machine allowed people to place a vote by pressing a button. They didn’t need to say yes or no. However, American government officials did not like Edison's invention because they preferred to call out their votes. Edison learned that he would never again invent anything people did not want. Edison started a company with his friend, Franklin Pope. They made fire and burglar (盗窃) alarms. At this company, Edison was busy from early in the morning until late at night. He often said, “There’s no substitute (替代品) for hard work.” He invented a telegraph to print the price of gold and silver. He sold it to the West Union Company for $15,000. With some of this money Edison started his own company in 1868. Next he invented a stock ticker (证券报价机). This was a machine that recorded the price of stocks in New York. The West Union Company paid Edison $40,000 for this invention. Edison used the money to open a shop in Newark in the state of New Jersey. There he met a young woman, Mary Stilwell. Edison and Mary got married on Christmas Day in 1871. They had three children. In 1875, with his wife and young family, Edison moved to Menlo Park in the same state. There he built his own laboratory. In the laboratory were tables, science books, instruments and bottles of chemicals. His first success at Menlo Park was an improvement (改进) on the telephone that Alexander Graham Bell had just invented. 1. What did Edison learn from his first invention? 2. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 mean? 3. When did Edison have a company of his own? 4. Who moved to Menlo with Edison? 5. Do you dream of being an inventor? Why (not)? 【答案】1. Edison learned that he would never again invent anything people did not want. 2. Hard work is important. 3. In 1868. 4. His wife and young family. 5. Yes, because inventions can solve problems and improve people’s lives. 【导语】本文主要讲述了托马斯·爱迪生的生平发明经历，包括他的第一项发明、与朋友合作、成立自己的公司、发明证券报价机、建立实验室以及在门洛帕克的首次成功改进电话等，展现了爱迪生的发明才华和努力工作的精神。 1. 根据第一段最后一句“Edison learned that he would never again invent anything people did not want.”可知，爱迪生从他的第一项发明中学到了他再也不会发明人们不想要的东西。故填Edison learned that he would never again invent anything people did not want. 2. 根据第二段“At this company, Edison was busy from early in the morning until late at night. He often said, ‘There's no substitute (替代品) for hard work.’”可知，在这家公司，爱迪生从早到晚都很忙，他认为没有什么可以替代努力工作，即努力工作是很重要的。故填Hard work is important. 3. 根据第三段第一句“With some of this money Edison started his own company in 1868.”可知，爱迪生在1868年有了自己的公司。故填In 1868. 4. 根据第四段“In 1875, with his wife and young family, Edison moved to Menlo Park in the same state.”可知，爱迪生的妻子和年幼的孩子和他一起搬到了门洛帕克。故填His wife and young family. 5. 主观题，合理即可，故填Yes, because inventions can solve problems and improve people’s lives. (26·深圳一模试题) Researchers who examined DNA from famous German musician Ludwig van Beethoven have found something new about his health. They found that he had a risk for liver (肝脏) disease. The DNA also showed that Beethoven caught the virus hepatitis B (乙肝病毒) in the last months of his life. The virus hurts the liver. The findings suggest Beethoven’s liver problems were enough to cause the liver failure widely believed to have killed him. The musician was also believed to have been a heavy drinker, which can influence the liver. The musician himself wrote that he wanted doctors to study his health problems after he died. Axel Schmidt is a researcher who helped lead the research. He said that Beethoven’s sicknesses had “sometimes prevented his creative work”. Schmidt added that for many doctors, “it has always been a mystery” what exactly killed him. Since his death, scientists have long tried to piece together Beethoven’s medical history. And they have offered many explanations for his many health conditions. But new examination technology and methods now make it possible to revisit (再次讨论) health and death information by studying ancient DNA. The DNA were collected from hair cut from Beethoven’s head. Getting enough genetic (遗传的) material was difficult because DNA in hair gets cut up into very small pieces. But finally, after using up almost 3 meters of Beethoven’s hair, the team finished it. The question of what caused Beethoven’s hearing loss remains unanswered, said Ohio State University’s Dr Cooper. He said that the mystery might continue forever because DNA can not show us everything about our health. However, Cooper added that the mystery is part of what makes Beethoven so interesting and popular. “The fact that we can’t know is OK,” he said. 1. What did researchers find by examining Beethoven’s DNA? A. Why he kept fit in the last months. B. How he caught the virus hepatitis B. C. What might have caused his death. D. What he drank most while young. 2. It is still a mystery to people ________ according to the passage. A. why Beethoven couldn’t hear B. what stopped Beethoven from creating music C. how many explanations there were for Beethoven’s death D. what made it possible to revisit Beethoven’s death information 3. What difficulty did scientists have in examining Beethoven’s DNA? A. The technology was out of date. B. It was hard to collect enough DNA. C. There wasn’t enough time to do research. D. It took a lot of time to find Beethoven’s hair. 4. What did Beethoven ask doctors to do? A. Examine his DNA later. B. Develop his creativity. C. Keep his mystery forever. D. Make a study of his health. 5. What does Cooper think of Beethoven’s mystery? A. It may live a long time. B. It will be cleared up soon. C. It is a headache for scientists. D. It encourages people to study DNA. 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B 4. D 5. A 【导语】本文介绍了通过研究贝多芬的DNA，科学家发现了他患有肝病和乙肝病毒的风险，这可能是导致他去世的原因。同时，尽管新技术使得通过古代DNA研究健康状况成为可能，但贝多芬听力损失的原因仍是个谜。 1. 细节理解题。根据“They found that he had a risk for liver (肝脏) disease…The findings suggest Beethoven’s liver problems were enough to cause the liver failure widely believed to have killed him.”可知，研究人员通过检查贝多芬的DNA发现了可能导致他死亡的原因。故选C。 2. 细节理解题。根据“The question of what caused Beethoven’s hearing loss remains unanswered”可知，贝多芬失聪的原因仍然是一个谜。故选A。 3. 细节理解题。根据“Getting enough genetic (遗传的) material was difficult because DNA in hair gets cut up into very small pieces.”可知，科学家在检查贝多芬的DNA时遇到的困难是很难收集到足够的DNA。故选B。 4. 细节理解题。根据“The musician himself wrote that he wanted doctors to study his health problems after he died.”可知，贝多芬要求医生在他死后研究他的健康问题。故选D。 5. 推理判断题。根据“the mystery might continue forever because DNA can not show us everything about our health”可知，Cooper认为贝多芬的谜团可能会长期存在。故选A。 $Unit 2 Great ideas Section 1 Reading分层练习 一、翻译短语 1 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.be satisfied with 2.be made of 3.find out the truth 4. think about 5.fill…with 6.ran over 7.go straight to 8.put into 9. send…to prison 10.praise…for 二、单项选择。 1-12 ABADB BDABB BC 三、根据首字母写出单词 1.fancy 2.prince 3.fool 4.prison 5.doubt 6.seem 7.straight 8.praise 9.weigh 10.fill 四、用词的适当形式填空 1.satisfying satisfied 2.golden 3.complete completely 4.true truth 5.to bring 6.discovery 7.weigh weight 8.firm firmly 9.foolish 10.be praised 五、完成句子 1.found out the truth was satisfied with 2.is made of is made from 3.filled with went straight to 4.praises him for don't they 5.fooled was sent to prison 六、短文填空 A 短文填词 1.firm 2. satisfied 3.seemed 4.patiently 5.performance. 6. reach/realize B 语法填空（课文改写） 1.wisdom 2.satisfied 3.but 4.truth 5.to solve 6.a 7.was sent 8.discovery 9.theories 10.bravely 七、语法选择 1. A 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. C 6. B 7. B 8. D 9. D 10. A 11. A 12. B 13. A 14. C 15. A 八、完形填空 1. A 2. B 3. B 4. A 5. B 6. A 7. A 8. C 9. B 10. B 九、阅读理解 BABCB B 阅读还原 1. F 2. D 3. A 4. E 5. B C 阅读回答问题 1. Edison learned that he would never again invent anything people did not want. 2. Hard work is important. 3. In 1868. 4. His wife and young family. 5. Yes, because inventions can solve problems and improve people’s lives. 1. C 2. A 3. B 4. D 5. A $