Unit 2 知识梳理 2026-2027学年九年级英语上册单元高效复习必备（新教材沪教版）

该初中英语单元知识清单围绕“Great ideas”主题，系统梳理重点词汇、短语、句式及语法（句子类型），构建从基础语言知识到听说读写技能再到书面表达应用的递进式学习支架。 清单通过“精讲精练”分要点解析词汇用法（如firm的多词性辨析），语法部分配例句与即时检测，书面表达提供“问题-创意-影响”结构模板及通用句型，培养学生语言能力和思维品质。“重点句式背诵版”和“实战演练”设计，助力学生自主高效学习，教师可据此优化教学活动。

Unit 2 Great ideas 单元小结 知识目录 学习目标： 阅读具有伟大思想的名人的一些事迹，了解这些伟大思想如何产生，对世界产的 影响，及我们要从这些伟人中要学习的品质。 语法目标：句子的类型。 听说目标：听一段有关避雷针如何发明的文章，巩固获取和记录关键信息的听力技能。 写作目标：要求你写一篇关于「解决问题的伟大创意」的文章 目录 知识要点一、重点单词，短语及句式 要点1 重点单词 背诵 要点2 重点短语 背诵 要点3 重点句式 背诵 【精讲精练】 要点1 firm的用法 练习 要点2 fancy的用法 练习 要点3 satisfy的用法 练习 要点4 seem的用法 练习 要点5 fill...with...的用法 练习 要点6 displace的用法 练习 要点7反意疑问句的用法 练习 要点8 send…to prison的用法 练习 要点9 It is believed + that 从句 的用法 练习 要点10 as a whole的用法 练习 要点11 balanced的用法 练习 要点12 saying的用法 练习 要点13 give life to/reject的用法 练习 要点14 thus/go with的用法 练习 要点15.lasting/have a lasting impact on/的用法 练习 要点16. fool的用法 练习 要点17. In harmony with的用法 练习 要点18. prove的用法 练习 要点19. hardly的用法 练习 要点20. come up with的用法 练习 知识要点二、语法 要点1 句子的种类 17 知识要点三、书面表达 要点1 话题分析 18 要点2 单元写作通用表达 18 要点3经典范文 19 要点4实战演练 20 知识要点一、重点单词，短语及句式。 【重点单词】背诵版 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1._______________adj.牢固的;坚硬的 2. _______________ n.无知 【变形】_______________v. 忽视，不理睬，无视 _______________ adj. 无知的，愚昧的；不知情的 3. _______________n. 应用 4. _______________精致的;绚丽的 5.s_______________ adj.满意的；满足的 【变形】______________adj. 感到满意的（修饰人） 【搭配】_______________对…… 感到满意 _______________ adj. 令人满意的（修饰事物） _______________ n. 满意；满足；乐事 6. _______________n.王子 7. _______________v.排出；挤出；取代；替代 【同义】_______________ v. 替换，取代（最通用） 8. _______________ v.欺骗；愚弄 【变形】_______________ adj. 愚蠢的，傻的 【搭配】_______________哄骗某人做某事 9.* _______________n.监狱；牢狱 10.* _______________ n.金属丝;电线 11. _______________v.证明；证实 【变形】_______________ n. 证据；证明；佐证 12. _______________ adv.几乎不；几乎,没有 【区别】_______________表 “难、努力、猛烈”； _______________表 “几乎没有、几乎不” 13. _______________ adj.保持（或显 示）平術的 【变形】_______________ v. 权衡；使均衡 n. 平衡；均衡；余额 【搭配】_______________均衡饮食（中考高频） _______________劳逸结合、平衡的生活 14. _______________v.拒绝接受；不予考虑 【搭配】_______________拒接做某事 15. _______________ adv.因此；如此 【重点短语】背诵版 1._______________________对…感到满意 2. _______________________由…制成 3. _______________________查明真相 4. _______________________用…装满… 5. _______________________溢出；漫出 6. _______________________径直走向；直达 7. _______________________放入；投入 8. _______________________把…送进监狱 9. _______________________因…而表扬 10._______________________整体 11. _______________________自然规律 12. _______________________均衡的生活 13. _______________________老子的名言 14. _______________________把某事讲清楚； 15. _______________________赋予…生机 16. _______________________顺应自然之道 17. _______________________也就是说；即 18______________________对…产生持久的影响 19. _______________________与……和谐共处 20. _______________________全世界；世界各地 【重点句式】背诵版 1. Give me but ______ ______ ________ on which to stand, and I will move the Earth. 给我一个支点，我就能撬动地球。 2. At first, he ________very___________ __________it. 起初，他对这顶王冠十分满意。 3. “This problem______ ______ ______ ________. What should I do?” thought Archimedes. 阿基米德心想：这个问题似乎很难解决，我该怎么办？ 4. Archimedes was still________ ________ this problem as he ________ his bath_________water 阿基米德往浴缸里放水时，还在思索这个难题。 5. A crown made completely of gold_______ _______ ________than a crown made of gold and another metal. 纯金打造的王冠，比掺了其他金属的王冠排开的水量更少。 6. He then________ the crown maker ________ ________, and he praised Archimedes for his clever discovery. 随后他将工匠关进监狱，并称赞阿基米德这一巧妙的发现。 7. Daodejing______ ______ _______ "Way of nature as a whole”. 《道德经》可理解为 “道法自然”。 8. The idea is that we, as humans, should ______a simple, peaceful and______ _____, respecting our place in nature. 其中的思想是：人类应当过简朴、平和、均衡的生活，尊重自身在自然界中的位置。 9. _____ ____ ____ ____, therefore, that many of Laozi‘s famous sayings use nature t ______the message _____. 因此，老子的诸多名言都借助自然事物来传递思想，这也就不足为奇了 10 .“The highest good is like water. Water ______ ______ ______ the ten thousand things and does not strive(奋斗). It flows in places men reject and so is like the Dao.” 上善若水。水善利万物而不争，处众人之所恶，故几于道。 11. we should accept what we have and thus allow ourselves to_______ ________ the way of nature—that is, to ______ _____ ______ ______. 我们应当接纳所拥有的一切，因此顺应自然规律，也就是达到至善的境界。 12. Daodejing has had ______ ______ ______ _______ culture in China and beyond. 《道德经》对中国乃至世界各地的文化都产生了深远影响。 13. Its ideas about living______ _______ ________ nature have inspired people all over the world, 它的与自然和谐共处的理念，启迪了全世界的人们。 【精讲精练】 要点1 firm 【原句呈现】 Give me but one firm spot on which to stand, and I will move the Earth. 给我一个支点，我就能撬动地球。 firm 一、形容词 结实的；坚固的；稳固的；扎实的（指物体质地硬、不易变形） 坚定的；坚决的（指态度、立场、信念不动摇） 二、动词 (v.)使坚定；使稳固；紧握 三、名词 (n.)公司；商号（中考高频词义） This chair is very firm. It won't break easily. 这把椅子十分坚固，不容易坏掉。 She has a firm belief in her dream. 她对自己的梦想有着坚定的信念 ▶ 名词用法（公司） My father works in a big trading firm. 我爸爸在一家大型贸易公司工作。 ▶ 动词用法（紧握；使坚定） He firmed his hold on the rope. 他紧紧抓住绳子。 ▶ 副词 firmly（拓展考点） He stood firmly and never gave up. 他立场坚定，从不放弃。 四、中考常考固定搭配 firm belief 坚定的信念 firm voice 沉稳 / 坚定的声音 stand firm 立场坚定；不肯退让 【典例分析】 一、单词释义填空（写出划线 firm 的词性 + 中文意思） We need a firm table to put the heavy books. 词性：____ 含义：________________ She is firm that she will finish the task alone. 词性：____ 含义：________________ His uncle runs a law firm in the city centre. 词性：____ 含义：________________ He firmed his hands on the rail to keep balance. 词性：____ 含义：________________ 2.If your will is ______, nothing can stop you from reaching your goal. A. loose B. firm C. smooth D. simple 要点2 fancy 【原句呈现】King Hiero asked a crown maker to make him a fancy golden crown. 希罗国王让一位王冠工匠为他打造一顶精美的金王冠。 fancy 1.形容词 (adj.) 精致的；花哨的；昂贵的，奇特的 2. 动词 (v.) 想要；喜欢，想象；设想 例句：She wore a fancy dress to join the party. 她穿着一条精致的连衣裙去参加派对。 We don't need such fancy gifts for our daily life. 日常生活中我们不需要这么贵重花哨的礼物。 fancy doing sth. 想要做某事（中考核心搭配） Do you fancy watching a movie with me this evening? 今晚你想和我一起看电影吗？ 【典例分析】 1.She wore a ______ dress with lots of colourful flowers to the party. A. simple B. fancy C. dull D. common 2.I don’t like these ______ cups; I prefer those plain ones without patterns. A. fancy B. clean C. light D. smooth 3.Do you fancy ________ (visit) the museum this Sunday?（用词的正确形式填空） 要点3 satisfy 【原句呈现】At first, he was very satisfied with it. 起初，他对这顶王冠十分满意。 一、基本用法 satisfy 使满意；满足 satisfied （人）感到满意的 satisfying （事物）令人满意的 satisfy sb. 使某人满意 The delicious food satisfied all the guests. 美味的食物让所有客人都感到满意。 2.satisfy one's needs/dreams 满足某人的需求 / 梦想 二、常用搭配 be satisfied with 固定词组（中考核心） 对…… 感到满意 I am satisfied with my new school life. 我对我的新校园生活很满意。 三、同义单词 & 同义词组（中考常考替换） be pleased with 对…… 感到满意（最常用同义替换） be happy with 对…… 满意 / 称心 【典例分析】 1.The movie has a ______ ending and all the audience clapped warmly. A. satisfied B. satisfying C. satisfy D. satisfaction 2. The ______ result made all the workers feel ______ with their hard work. A. satisfying; satisfied B. satisfied; satisfying C. satisfying; satisfying D. satisfied; satisfied 3.老师们对我们的课堂表现很满意。（翻译） 要点4 seem 【原句呈现】“This problem seems difficult to solve. What should I do?“ thought Archimedes. 阿基米德心想：这个问题似乎很难解决，我该怎么办？ seem 似乎；好像；仿佛 1. seem + 形容词 看起来…… The task seems easy for him. 这项任务对他来说似乎很简单。 2. seem + 名词 好像是…… She seems a kind girl. 她看上去是个善良的女孩。 3. seem to do sth. （中考高频） 好像 / 似乎做某事 They seem to know the truth. 他们好像知道真相。 4. It seems + that 从句 看来；似乎……（it 作形式主语） It seems that it will rain soon. 看来很快就要下雨了。 5. seem like + 名词 仿佛；好像…… It seems like a good plan. 这看起来像是个不错的计划。 【典例分析】 1.The clouds ______ to fall soon, so we’d better take an umbrella. A. look B. seem C. sound D. taste 2. He ______ very tired after running for an hour. A. seems B. smells C. tastes D. sounds 3. It ______ that no one knew the secret except you. A. looks B. seems C. feels D. hears 要点5 fill 【原句呈现】Archimedes was still thinking about this problem as he filled his bath with water 阿基米德往浴缸里放水时，还在思索这个难题。 一、fill 动词 (v.) 填满；装满 fill...with... （主动）用…… 把…… 装满（中考必考搭配） She filled her bag with books before going to school. 上学前，她把书装进了书包。 二、be filled with （被动短语） 被…… 填满；充满…… The room is filled with fresh flowers. 这个房间里摆满了鲜花。 三、be full of （同义短语，中考高频）充满……（状态表达） The basket is full of apples. 篮子里装满了苹果。 4、 重点辨析（必考点） 1.fill...with... 强调动作（去装满） 2.be filled with / be full of 强调状态（装好了、满满的） 3.两者可互换： The box is filled with toys. = The box is full of toys. 这个箱子里装满了玩具。 【典例分析】 1.—The box is too heavy to carry. What’s in it? —Oh, it is _______books. A. filled with B. covered with C. used for D. asked for 2.It is raining hard. The pool ______ water. A.is filled of B. is full with C. is filled with D. is fulled of 3.If you read a lot, your life will be full pleasure. A. by B. of C. for D. with 4.正如习总书记所说：“只要我们撸起袖子加油干，中国梦就一定会实现” As president Xi says ,“If we are ___________ energies to do everything ,China Dream is sure to come true .” 要点6 displace 【原句呈现】A crown made completely of gold displaces less water than a crown made of gold and another metal. 纯金打造的王冠，比掺了其他金属的王冠排开的水量更少。 displace 排开 取代；替代 The golden crown displaces less water than the mixed-metal one. 纯金王冠排开的水量比掺了其他金属的王冠要少。 New machines have displaced some workers in the factory. 新机器在工厂里取代了一部分人工。 take the place of 取代；代替 Smart phones will not take the place of books entirely. 智能手机不会完全取代书籍。 take one's place （词组，侧重接替某人位置） No one can take his place in our team. 在我们团队里，没人能取代他。 displace / replace / take the place of三者作谓语动词，含义基本一致，displace 书面化， 中考写作优先用 replace / take the place of。 【典例分析】 1.We shouldn’t let modern technology ______ traditional handicrafts completely. A. disappoint B. discharge C. displace D. disappear 2.New machines will ______ many workers in this factory in the near future. A. discover B. displace C. disagree D. divide 3.同等重量的木块排开的水更多。 ____________________________________________________________________________________ 要点7 反意疑问句 【原句呈现】The crown maker fooled me, didn't he? 这个工匠欺骗了我，是吧？ 这是一个反意疑问句。 其原则是：如果前面的陈述部分是肯定句，后面的简短问句就用否定式；如果前面的陈述部分是否定句，后面的简短问句就用肯定式；前后时态要一致。例如： 这个小男孩每天很早去上学，对吗？ The little boy goes to school very early every day, doesn’t he? 你爸爸对集邮不感兴趣，是吗？ Your father isn’t interested in collecting stamps, is he? 【典例分析】 1.He walks to school every day, ______?） 2.They visited the museum last Sunday, ______? 3.We will have a picnic tomorrow, ______? 4.She is reading a novel now, ______? 5.You have seen this movie before, ______? 6.Your brother can swim across the river, ______? 7.There is a cat under the desk, ______? 8.Tom seldom talks with strangers, ______? 9.Lily never eats junk food, ______? 10.Let’s go shopping together, ______? 11. Few students passed the difficult test, ______? 要点8 send ... to prison 【原句呈现】He then sent the crown maker to prison, and he praised Archimedes for his clever discovery. 随后他将工匠关进监狱，并称赞阿基米德这一巧妙的发现。 send ... to prison 把…… 关进监狱；判…… 入狱 The king sent the crown maker to prison.国王把造王冠的工匠关进了监狱。 send sb. to the prison 送某人去监狱（单纯前往监狱地点，不一定是服刑）I will send my uncle to the prison to visit his friend. put ... in prison 把…… 关进监狱（最常用同义替换） They put the thief in prison.= They sent the thief to prison. 他们把小偷关进了监狱。 throw ... into prison 把…… 投入监狱（语气更强） praise 一、作动词 (v.) 表扬，赞扬 1. praise sb. 表扬某人 The teacher praised me for my progress. 老师因为我的进步表扬了我。 2. 核心搭配：praise sb. for sth. 因某事表扬某人 Everyone praised her for helping the old man.大家都因她帮助老人而称赞她。 二、作名词 (n.) 赞扬，称赞 1. win/get praise 获得赞扬 He got high praise from all the students. 他得到了全体学生的高度赞扬。 2. 常用短语：in praise of 歌颂；赞扬 Many poems are written in praise of hard-working people. 许多诗歌都是用来赞美勤劳的人们的。 三、同义替换（中考写作可用） speak highly of 高度评价、称赞 We all speak highly of his good manners. 我们都称赞他有礼貌。 【典例分析】 1.Everyone praised him ______ his great courage. A. to B. for C. with D. at 2.The man ______ to prison because of stealing. A. sent B. was sent C. sends D. is send 3.Teachers often ______ hard-working students for their progress. A. praise B. price C. prize D. practice 4.他因为欺骗老人被关进了监狱。（翻译句子） ___________________________________________________________________________ 5.老师因他的努力学习表扬了他。（翻译句子） _________________________________________________________________ 要点9 It is believed + that 从句 【原句呈现】It is believed that he wrote Daodejing. 人们认为是他撰写了《道德经》。 It is believed + that 从句 人们相信； It is believed that Laozi wrote Daodejing. 人们认为老子撰写了《道德经》。 It is believed that this idea has a long history. 人们认为这个思想历史悠久。 同类高频固定句型（It + be + 过去分词 + that） It is reported that… 据报道…… It is known that… 众所周知…… It is said that… 据说…… It is hoped that… 人们希望…… It is supposed that… 据推测…… 【典例训练】 1.据说这位诗人年轻时游历过许多国家。 _______ _______ _______ the poet travelled to many countries when he was young. 2.据报道他的新诗下个月将要出版。 _______ _______ _______ his new poem will come out next month. 3.众所周知李白是中国伟大的诗人之一。 _______ _______ _______ Li Bai is one of China’s greatest poets. 要点10 【原句呈现】Daodejing is understood as "Way of nature as a whole”. 《道德经》可理解为 “道法自然”。 as a whole 作为整体；总的来说；整体上 consider...as a whole 从整体考虑 look at...as a whole 整体看待 The city as a whole is very beautiful. 这座城市整体而言十分优美。 Don't just focus on small details. Think about life as a whole. 不要只纠结细枝末节，要从整体看待生活。 The plan is good as a whole. 总的来说，这个方案很不错。 【典例分析】 1.我们必须从整体上来看这个问题。 We must ______ ________ the problem ______ ______ _________. 要点11 balance 【原句呈现】The idea is that we, as humans, should live a simple, peaceful and balanced life, respecting our place in nature. 其中的思想是：人类应当过简朴、平和、均衡的生活，尊重自身在自然界中的位置。 balance 名词 n. 平衡；均衡 keep/lose balance 保持 / 失去平衡 动词 v. （使）平衡；权衡 We need a balance between study and play.（名） 我们需要做到劳逸结合。 You should balance work and rest.（动）你应当劳逸结合。 balanced adj. 均衡的；平衡的；和谐的 a balanced life 均衡安稳的生活 a balanced diet 均衡的饮食（中考高频） Eating more vegetables helps you keep a balanced diet. 多吃蔬菜有助于保持饮食均衡。 He has a balanced way of thinking. 他的思维很全面、不偏激。 【典例分析】 1.To keep healthy, we need to eat a ______ diet every day. A. balanced B. bored C. basic D. broken 2.我们应该每天吃均衡的饮食来保持身体健康。 We should eat ____ ____ ____ to keep healthy every day. 要点12 saying 【原句呈现】It is not surprising, therefore, that many of Laozi‘s famous sayings use nature to get the message across. 因此，老子的诸多名言都借助自然事物来传递思想，这也就不足为奇了 saying 名词 n. 谚语；格言；警句（最常用） 言论；话语 famous sayings 名言（课文高频） old sayings 谚语，老话 common saying 俗语 a saying goes (that...) 俗话说…… There is an old saying: Practice makes perfect. 有句老话：熟能生巧。 I like reading wise sayings. 我喜欢读至理名言。 As the saying goes, failure is the mother of success. 俗话说，失败是成功之母。 使（想法、信息、观点等）被理解；把某事讲清楚； get the message across 把主旨讲明白（课文原搭配） get one's idea across 表达清楚自己的想法 I hope I can get my idea across. 我希望我能把自己的想法讲清楚。 She spoke slowly to get her meaning across. 她放慢语速，好让大家听懂她的意思。 You should get it across that we need to live in harmony with nature. 你要讲明白，我们应当与自然和谐共处。 【典例分析】 1.As the ______ goes, no pains, no gains. A. story B. saying C. speech D. article 2.这位老师总能把知识点清晰地传达给学生。 The teacher can always ____ ____ knowledge points ____ students clearly. 要点13 【原句呈现】.“The highest good is like water. Water gives life to the ten thousand things and does not strive(奋斗). It flows in places men reject and so is like the Dao.” 上善若水。水善利万物而不争，处众人之所恶，故几于道。 give life to 赋予…生命 / 生机；使焕发生机；滋养 Water gives life to the ten thousand things. 水滋养世间万物。 Sunlight and water give life to plants. 阳光和水分让植物得以生长。 Warm smiles give life to the whole room.温暖的笑容让整个屋子充满活力。 reject 拒绝；摒弃；不接受；嫌弃 reject doing It flows in places men reject. 水流向人们嫌弃的地方。 He rejected my advice. 他拒绝了我的建议。 She rejected going out on rainy days. 下雨天她不愿出门。 The plan was rejected at last. 这个方案最终被否决了。 同义词辨析（中考高频：reject /refuse/turn down） refuse 拒绝 只接不定式 refuse to do sth He refused my gift. 他拒收我的礼物。 reject 语气比 refuse 强，强调彻底否决、嫌弃、摒弃 turn down专指拒绝邀请、提议、请求，语气委婉。 I had to turn down his invitation. 我不得不婉拒了他的邀请。 【典例分析】 1. The manager ______ his plan for lacking practical value. A. reduced B. rejected C. reviewed D. rewarded 2.She rejected ______ (take)part in the speech competition for lack of confidence. 3. 温暖的灯光为整个舞台赋予活力。 The warm lights ____ ____ ____ the whole stage. 要点14 【原句呈现】we should accept what we have and thus allow ourselves to go with the way of nature—that is, to achieve the highest good. 我们应当接纳所拥有的一切，因此顺应自然规律，也就是达到至善的境界。 thus 因此；从而；于是（表因果、顺承） 偏书面语，比 so 正式；多用于书面文章、议论文。 He worked hard. Thus, he passed the exam.他学习努力，因此通过了考试。 Thus, we should follow nature. 因此，我们应当顺应自然。 Water is kind and thus is like the Dao. 水品性谦和，故而近于道。 thus + doing（表自然而然的结果，高频考点） He helped others, thus making many friends. 他乐于助人，因此交到了很多朋友。 易混辨析（中考区分：thus /so/therefore） So 连词，口语常用，位置灵活，可直接连接句子。 He was tired, so he went home. Thus 副词，偏书面，侧重 “由此、进而” 引出结果。 Therefore 副词，语气最强，侧重 “所以、因而”，正式文体。 go with 1.顺应；遵从；与…… 保持一致 We should go with the way of nature.我们应当顺应自然规律。 Try to go with the rules.请遵守规则。 2.与…… 相配；搭配（衣物、颜色、风格等，日常高频） This shirt doesn't go with your trousers.这件衬衫和你的裤子不搭。 3.伴随；连同…… 一起存在 Happiness often goes with kindness. 善良常常会带来快乐。 go with the flow 顺其自然（固定习语） 【典例分析】 1.He didn’t study hard. ______, he failed the final exam. A. Thus B. Though C. Unless D. Since 2.The new bike saves much time, ______ making our daily trip easier. A. besides B. thus C. instead D. almost 3.这条蓝色领带很配你的白衬衫。 This blue tie ____ ____ your white shirt. 要点15 【原句呈现】Daodejing has had a lasting impact on culture in China and beyond. 《道德经》对中国乃至世界各地的文化都产生了深远影响。 lasting 持久的；长久的；永恒的 lasting impact 深远影响 lasting effect 持久效果 lasting friendship 长久的友谊 lasting memory 难忘的回忆 We hope for lasting peace. 我们期盼持久的和平。 It left a lasting memory in my mind. 这件事给我留下了难以磨灭的记忆。 have a lasting impact on对…… 产生深远 / 持久的影响 That experience had a lasting impact on his life. 那段经历对他的一生产生了深远影响。 【典例分析】 1.The trip left us ______ memories that we will never forget. A. lasting B. last C. lastly D. latest 2.这位伟大作家的作品对无数读者产生了持久的影响。 The works of this great writer ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ countless readers. 3.写出last的词性及意义。 （1）This is the last bus to the town. （2）I met her last summer. （3）The bad weather will last another three days. （4）Who laughed last in the game? （5）At last, we finished all the homework. （6） He was the last to hand in his paper. （7）The sports meeting lasts three whole days every year. 要点16 【原句呈现】Its ideas about living in harmony with nature have inspired people all over the world, 它的与自然和谐共处的理念，启迪了全世界的人们。 in harmony with 与…和谐相处；与…协调一致 live in harmony with 与……和睦共处（中考高频） be in harmony with 与……和谐 / 协调 We should live in harmony with animals. 我们应该和动物和谐共处。 Man must live in harmony with nature. 人类必须与自然和谐共生。 【典例分析】 1. 这座建筑和周围的环境相得益彰、和谐统一。 The building is ____ ____ ____ the surrounding environment. 2.每个人都希望和家人和睦相处。 Everyone wants to be____ _____ ________ their family. 要点17 fool 【原句呈现】The crown maker fooled me, didn't he? 这个工匠欺骗了我，是吧？ fool 1：n. 名词，傻瓜；蠢人 a fool 一个傻瓜 make a fool of sb 愚弄某人，让某人出丑 April Fool 愚人节玩笑；愚人 He made a fool of me in front of all classmates. 他在全班同学面前捉弄我，让我难堪。 2：v. 动词，欺骗；愚弄；糊弄 fool sb 欺骗某人 fool sb into doing sth 骗某人去做某事 They fooled him into buying the bad watch. 他们骗他买下了这块劣质手表。 派生词 foolish adj. 愚蠢的（常用，可作表语） 【典例分析】 1.You can’t ______ me with such a silly trick. A. feed B. fool C. treat D. cover 2.It’s ______ to waste time playing games all day long. A. polite B. honest C. clever D. foolish 3.不要被他人哄骗去购买无用的商品。 Don’t be fooled ____ ____ useless goods by others. 要点18 prove 1. 及物动词：证明；证实。prove + 名词 / 代词（证明某事） He proved his idea at last. 他最终证实了自己的观点。 The experiment proves that his theory is right. 这个实验证明他的理论是正确的。 prove sb (to be) + 形容词 / 名词 证明某人…… Time proved him (to be) honest. 时间证明他是诚实的。 prove sth to sb 向某人证明某事 I want to prove my ability to my parents. 我想向父母证明我的能力。 2. 系动词：证明是；结果是（无被动，主动表被动含义） prove (to be) + adj./n. The plan proved (to be) useful. 这个方案结果证明很有用。 He proved (to be) a true friend. 事实证明他是一位真心朋友。 3.高频派生词 proof n. 证据；证明 proven adj. 已证实的 a proven fact 确凿的事实 四、易混提醒 prove 表示 “被证明是” 时不用被动语态，不能说 is proved to be，直接用主动形式： ❌ The story was proved interesting. ✅ The story proved (to be) interesting. 这个故事结果十分有趣。 中考真题短句练习 Can you prove you didn’t break the window? 你能证明窗户不是你打碎的吗？ All his efforts proved to be valuable. 他所有的努力最终证明都是值得的。 【典例分析】 1.The facts ______ he is right about this problem. A. promise B. protect C. produce D. prove 2.The experiment ______ his new idea works well. A. provide B. prove C. prevent D. pretend 3.I will prove ______ my teacher that I can make progress. A. to B. for C. with D. at 4.The plan proved____________ (help). 要点19 hardly hardly + 动词 几乎不…… I hardly know him. 我几乎不认识他。 hardly ever 几乎从不（频率） She hardly ever watches TV. 她几乎不看电视。 hardly…when… 一…… 就……（中考句型） Hardly had I got home when it rained. 我刚到家就下雨了。 hard 形容词：硬的、难的 副词：努力地、猛烈地（有实际力度 / 难度含义） hardly 只作副词，意思是几乎不，带否定意味，和 “困难、用力” 无关。 易错提醒 hardly 本身含否定，句中不能再加 not ❌ I can’t hardly walk. ✅ I can hardly walk. 我几乎走不动路。 hard 作副词≠hardly，二者词义完全无关，只是长得像。 【典例分析】 1.The math problem is too ______ for me, and I can ______ work it out. A. hardly; hard B. hard; hardly C. difficult; hard D. easily; hardly 2.用 hard /hardly 填空 ①My brother studies very ______ every day. ②It is so noisy that I can ______ hear you. 3.他们工作很努力，却几乎没有休息时间。（翻译句子） _____________________________________________________________________________ 要点20 come up with 【典例分析】 【原句呈现】Who came up with a brilliant idea to solve the problem? 是谁想出了这个绝妙的办法来解决这个问题？ come up with 想出（主意、计划、办法）；提出（方案、观点） come up with （an idea 一个主意/ a plan 一份计划/a way to solve the problem 解决问题的办法/a good suggestion 好建议） Who came up with this great idea? 是谁想出这个好主意的？ We need to come up with a new plan. 我们得想出一个新方案。 My teacher came up with a simple way to remember words. 老师想出了一个记单词的简便方法。 同义替换（考试常考） think up 想出 work out 想出（解决办法） 【典例分析】 同学们一起想出了一场有趣的班会活动。 The classmates ____ ____ ____ an interesting class meeting activity together. 知识要点二、语法 句子种类 用 法 示 例 1. 陈述句 用来陈述事实或表达说话者看法的句子。句末用句号。有肯定句和否定句两种形式。 This is a beautiful garden. 这是一座漂亮的花园。 We didn’t go to school yesterday. 我们昨天没上学。 2. 疑问句 用来提问的句子。句末用问号。有一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句四种，初中阶段要求掌握前三种。 （1）一般疑问句 用yes或no回答的问句。 Are you a student? 你是学生吗？ Do you like singing? 你喜欢唱歌吗？ （2）特殊疑问句 需要使用相应的疑问词来提问。常见的疑问词：what什么，what time几点，when何时，where何地，why为什么，which哪个，who谁，whom（宾格）谁，whose谁的，how如何，how old多大年纪，how much多少，how many多少，how often多久一次，how far多远，how long多久，how soon多久以后 Who is your English teacher? 你们的英语老师是谁？ How many people are there in your family? 你家里有几口人？ Which bike is yours? 哪辆单车是你的？ How did you get there? 你怎么到那儿的？ Whose book is on the floor? 谁的书在地板上？ How long have you studied English? 你学英语多久了？ （3）选择疑问句 选择部分由连词or连接。 What would you like, tea or coffee? 你想喝什么，茶还是咖啡？ Are you going to the cinema or the library? 你是去电影院还是图书馆？ 3. 祈使句 表示请求、命令、要求、建议等的句子。通常不用主语，谓语动词用原形，句末用感叹号或句号。 否定形式：Don’t / Never+动词原形+其他。 为了使语气显得客气，可在句首或者句尾加上please。please在句尾时，前面一般要加一个逗号。 Listen to me carefully. 仔细听我讲。 Be quiet! 安静！ Don’t talk loud in the library. 别在图书馆里大声喧哗。 Never swim in the river. 不要在河里游泳。 Please come this way. 请这边走。 Sit down, please. 请坐。 4. 感叹句 表示惊喜、愤怒、赞赏等感情的句子。多用what和how引导，句末用感叹号。 （1）what引导的感叹句（中心词是名词） ·What + a/an+形容词+可数名词单数(+主语+谓语)！ ·What+形容词+可数名词复数(+主语+谓语)！ ·What+形容词+不可数名词(+主语+谓语)！ What a lovely girl she is! 她是个多可爱的女孩啊！ What an interesting book it is! 这是一本多么有趣的书啊！ What beautiful flowers they are! 这些花多么漂亮呀！ What nice weather we have today! 今天天气真好！ （2）how引导的感叹句（中心词是形容词或副词） ·How+形容词(+主语+谓语)！ ·How+副词(+主语+谓语)！ How dirty your hands are! 你的手太脏啦！ How fast the boy is running! 那个男孩跑得真快！ 【即时检测】 1.他们还赢得了广东省飞镖比赛冠军。多么棒的项目啊！ They won the Championship of Guangdong Darts Match, too. ________________________ project it is! 2.. ________ it was to see the main sights of the world in the World Park! A How amazing day B. How an amazing day C. What amazing day D. What an amazing day 3.. —China won all the gold medals at the 2023 World Table Tennis Championships. —______ exciting news! A. What a B. How a C. How D. What 4. Please move your car away, sir. This is “________” area. A. No smoking B. No parking C. No swimming D. No littering 5.________ trying and do your best. A. Keep B. Keeping C. To keep D. Kept 6. —________ have you been a member of the Youth League? —For three years. A. How long B. How many C. How often D. How far 7. —Excuse me, ________ is the Gengsu Theatre from this hotel? —It’s about ten minutes if you take a taxi. A. how far B. how long C. how soon D. how much 8. —________ do you learn these words by heart? —By using them in different ways. A. When B. How C. Why D. Where 知识要点三、书面表达 【话题分析】 本单元以 “Great ideas” 为核心话题，围绕 “伟大想法的背景、提出者、解决过程及深远影响” 展开，核心聚焦 “用英语介绍一项伟大想法、描述其解决的问题、阐述其对人类社会的价值”。写作要求结合真实事实依据，遵循清晰严谨的写作逻辑，熟练运用描述问题、过程与影响的表达，写出结构完整、内容真实、主旨积极的说明文。 文章结构 ①待解决的问题 ②想出创意的人 ③创意如何解决问题 ④这个创意对我们生活的影响 段落 对应模块 核心任务 开头 · the problem to be solved 引入话题，点明当时存在的问题 中间段 · the person with the idea · the idea & how it solved the problem 介绍人物背景，引出他 / 她的伟大想法 讲清楚想法是什么、怎么解决问题的 结尾 · influence of the great idea 说明影响和意义，升华主题 【通用句型】 分类 词汇 / 短语 例句 描述问题 face a problem / doubt / have no way to do People were troubled by heavy traffic. 人们饱受交通拥堵困扰。 Old lamps brought much inconvenience to people. 老式灯具给人们带来诸多不便。 描述创意 put forward an idea 提出想法 get inspiration from... 从…… 获得灵感 think differently 换位思考；创新思考 design sth. 设计某物 He got inspiration from daily life. 他从日常生活中获得灵感。 The engineers put forward a new plan. 工程师们提出了新方案。 描述解决过程 make efforts to do 努力做某事 carry out tests 开展测试 work out a plan 制定方案 deal with the trouble 处理难题 succeed in doing sth. 成功做成某事 They carried out many tests and finally succeeded. 他们做了多次测试，最终取得成功。 We worked out a good solution to the problem. 我们找到了绝佳的解决办法。 描述影响 improve people's life 改善人们的生活 cut down waste/loss 减少浪费 / 损失 bring convenience to sb. 为某人带来便利 benefit people greatly 使人们受益匪浅 set a good example 树立榜样 go far beyond time 经久不衰 Shared bikes bring great convenience to students. 共享单车为学生带来极大便利。 This invention improves our living environment greatly. 这项发明极大改善了我们的生活环境。 【背诵范文】 Many years ago, malaria spread widely across the world. This serious illness killed a large number of people every year. However, common medicines were useless and people had no good ways to fight it. Tu Youyou, a great Chinese scientist, decided to change the situation. She spent plenty of time researching traditional Chinese medicine and tried hundreds of plants again and again. She never gave up even when she met difficulties. At last, she successfully discovered artemisinin to treat malaria. Her amazing discovery has saved millions of lives all over the world. She won the Nobel Prize for her great work. Her story tells us that great achievements always come from long-term hard work. 【实战演练一】 诸多伟大的想法，往往源自现实中遇到的难题。请选取一则事例，撰文讲述：有人凭借独到的智慧与巧妙的办法，最终攻克难题的经历。文章包含以下内容： ● What was the problem to be solved? ● Who came up with a brilliant idea to solve the problem? ● How was the problem solved? ● What influence has this idea had on our lives? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ $ Unit 2 Great ideas 单元小结 知识目录 学习目标： 阅读具有伟大思想的名人的一些事迹，了解这些伟大思想如何产生，对世界产的 影响，及我们要从这些伟人中要学习的品质。 语法目标：句子的类型。 听说目标：听一段有关避雷针如何发明的文章，巩固获取和记录关键信息的听力技能。 写作目标：要求你写一篇关于「解决问题的伟大创意」的文章 目录 知识要点一、重点单词，短语及句式 要点1 重点单词 背诵 要点2 重点短语 背诵 要点3 重点句式 背诵 【精讲精练】 要点1 firm的用法 练习 要点2 fancy的用法 练习 要点3 satisfy的用法 练习 要点4 seem的用法 练习 要点5 fill...with...的用法 练习 要点6 displace的用法 练习 要点7反意疑问句的用法 练习 要点8 send…to prison的用法 练习 要点9 It is believed + that 从句 的用法 练习 要点10 as a whole的用法 练习 要点11 balanced的用法 练习 要点12 saying的用法 练习 要点13 give life to/reject的用法 练习 要点14 thus/go with的用法 练习 要点15.lasting/have a lasting impact on/的用法 练习 要点16. fool的用法 练习 要点17. In harmony with的用法 练习 要点18. prove的用法 练习 要点19. hardly的用法 练习 要点20. come up with的用法 练习 知识要点二、语法 要点1 句子的种类 18 知识要点三、书面表达 要点1 话题分析 21 要点2 单元写作通用表达 22 要点3经典范文 23 要点4实战演练 24 知识要点一、重点单词，短语及句式。 【重点单词】背诵版 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.*firm adj.牢固的;坚硬的 2.ignorance n.无知 【变形】ignore v. 忽视，不理睬，无视 ignorant adj. 无知的，愚昧的；不知情的 3.application n. 应用 4.fancy精致的;绚丽的 5.satisfied adj.满意的；满足的 【变形】satisfied adj. 感到满意的（修饰人） 【搭配】be satisfied with… 对…… 感到满意 satisfying adj. 令人满意的（修饰事物） satisfaction n. 满意；满足；乐事 6.prince n.王子 7.displace /v.排出；挤出；取代；替代 【同义】replace v. 替换，取代（最通用） 8.fool v.欺骗；愚弄 【变形】foolish adj. 愚蠢的，傻的 【搭配】fool sb into doing sth 哄骗某人做某事 9.*prison n.监狱；牢狱 10.*wire n.金属丝;电线 11.prove v.证明；证实 【变形】proof n. 证据；证明；佐证 12.hardly adv.几乎不；几乎,没有 【区别】hard 表 “难、努力、猛烈”； hardly 表 “几乎没有、几乎不” 13.balanced adj.保持（或显 示）平術的 【变形】balance v. 权衡；使均衡 n. 平衡；均衡；余额 【搭配】balanced diet 均衡饮食（中考高频） a balanced life 劳逸结合、平衡的生活 14.reject v.拒绝接受；不予考虑 【搭配】reject doing拒接做某事 15.thus adv.因此；如此 【重点短语】背诵版 1.be satisfied with对…感到满意 2.be made of/from由…制成 3.find out the truth查明真相 4.fill…with用…装满… 5.run over溢出；漫出 6.go straight to径直走向；直达 7.put into放入；投入 8.send…to prison把…送进监狱 9.praise…for因…而表扬 10.as a whole整体 11.the laws of nature自然规律 12.a balanced life均衡的生活 13.Laozi's famous sayings老子的名言 14.get sth. across把某事讲清楚；使理解 15.gives life to赋予…生机 16.go with the way of nature顺应自然之道 17.that is也就是说；即 18.have a lasting impact on对…产生持久的影响 19.in harmony with与…… 和谐共处 20.all over the world全世界；世界各地 【重点句式】背诵版 1. Give me but one firm spot on which to stand, and I will move the Earth. 给我一个支点，我就能撬动地球。 2. At first, he was very satisfied with it. 起初，他对这顶王冠十分满意。 3. “This problem seems difficult to solve. What should I do?” thought Archimedes. 阿基米德心想：这个问题似乎很难解决，我该怎么办？ 4. Archimedes was still thinking about this problem as he filled his bath with water 阿基米德往浴缸里放水时，还在思索这个难题。 5. A crown made completely of gold displaces less water than a crown made of gold and another metal. 纯金打造的王冠，比掺了其他金属的王冠排开的水量更少。 6. He then sent the crown maker to prison, and he praised Archimedes for his clever discovery. 随后他将工匠关进监狱，并称赞阿基米德这一巧妙的发现。 7. Daodejing is understood as "Way of nature as a whole”. 《道德经》可理解为 “道法自然”。 8. The idea is that we, as humans, should live a simple, peaceful and balanced life, respecting our place in nature. 其中的思想是：人类应当过简朴、平和、均衡的生活，尊重自身在自然界中的位置。 9. It is not surprising, therefore, that many of Laozi‘s famous sayings use nature to get the message across. 因此，老子的诸多名言都借助自然事物来传递思想，这也就不足为奇了 10 .“The highest good is like water. Water gives life to the ten thousand things and does not strive(奋斗). It flows in places men reject and so is like the Dao.” 上善若水。水善利万物而不争，处众人之所恶，故几于道。 11. we should accept what we have and thus allow ourselves to go with the way of nature—that is, to achieve the highest good. 我们应当接纳所拥有的一切，因此顺应自然规律，也就是达到至善的境界。 12. Daodejing has had a lasting impact on culture in China and beyond. 《道德经》对中国乃至世界各地的文化都产生了深远影响。 13. Its ideas about living in harmony with nature have inspired people all over the world, 它的与自然和谐共处的理念，启迪了全世界的人们。 【精讲精练】 要点1 firm 【原句呈现】 Give me but one firm spot on which to stand, and I will move the Earth. 给我一个支点，我就能撬动地球。 firm 一、形容词 结实的；坚固的；稳固的；扎实的（指物体质地硬、不易变形） 坚定的；坚决的（指态度、立场、信念不动摇） 二、动词 (v.)使坚定；使稳固；紧握 三、名词 (n.)公司；商号（中考高频词义） This chair is very firm. It won't break easily. 这把椅子十分坚固，不容易坏掉。 She has a firm belief in her dream. 她对自己的梦想有着坚定的信念 ▶ 名词用法（公司） My father works in a big trading firm. 我爸爸在一家大型贸易公司工作。 ▶ 动词用法（紧握；使坚定） He firmed his hold on the rope. 他紧紧抓住绳子。 ▶ 副词 firmly（拓展考点） He stood firmly and never gave up. 他立场坚定，从不放弃。 四、中考常考固定搭配 firm belief 坚定的信念 firm voice 沉稳 / 坚定的声音 stand firm 立场坚定；不肯退让 【典例分析】 一、单词释义填空（写出划线 firm 的词性 + 中文意思） We need a firm table to put the heavy books. 词性：____ 含义：________________ She is firm that she will finish the task alone. 词性：____ 含义：________________ His uncle runs a law firm in the city centre. 词性：____ 含义：________________ He firmed his hands on the rail to keep balance. 词性：____ 含义：________________ 【答案】1.adj. 坚固的 2.adj. 坚定的 3.n. 公司 4.v. 紧握 2.If your will is ______, nothing can stop you from reaching your goal. A. loose B. firm C. smooth D. simple 【答案】B 【解析】句意：如果你意志坚定，没有什么能阻挡你实现目标。本题考查形容词词义辨析。A. loose 松散的；B. firm 坚定的；C. smooth 光滑的；D. simple 简单的。loose 形容松散，simple 形容简单，都不能修饰意志；firm 专门用来形容信念、意志不动摇，贴合句子逻辑，故选 B。 要点2 fancy 【原句呈现】King Hiero asked a crown maker to make him a fancy golden crown. 希罗国王让一位王冠工匠为他打造一顶精美的金王冠。 fancy 1.形容词 (adj.) 精致的；花哨的；昂贵的，奇特的 2. 动词 (v.) 想要；喜欢，想象；设想 例句：She wore a fancy dress to join the party. 她穿着一条精致的连衣裙去参加派对。 We don't need such fancy gifts for our daily life. 日常生活中我们不需要这么贵重花哨的礼物。 fancy doing sth. 想要做某事（中考核心搭配） Do you fancy watching a movie with me this evening? 今晚你想和我一起看电影吗？ 【典例分析】 1.She wore a ______ dress with lots of colourful flowers to the party. A. simple B. fancy C. dull D. common 【答案】B 【解析】句意：她穿着一条带有许多彩色花朵、十分花哨好看的连衣裙去参加派对。本题考查形容词词义辨析。A. simple 简约无装饰的；B. fancy 花哨精致的；C. dull 单调乏味的；D. common 普通平常的。裙子上面有大量彩色花朵装饰，说明款式华丽花哨，simple、dull、common 都表示朴素单调，和句子描述的裙子特征相反，故选 B。 2.I don’t like these ______ cups; I prefer those plain ones without patterns. A. fancy B. clean C. light D. smooth 【答案】A 【解析】句意：我不喜欢这些花哨的杯子，我更喜欢那些没有花纹、简约朴素的杯子。本题考查形容词词义辨析。A. fancy 花哨、装饰繁多的；B. clean 干净的；C. light 轻便的；D. smooth 光滑的。句中 plain ones（简约朴素的杯子）和空格处形成对比，由此可知空格要表达花纹繁复花哨的含义，只有 fancy 符合对比逻辑，故选 A。 3.Do you fancy ________ (visit) the museum this Sunday?（用词的正确形式填空） 【答案】visiting 【解析】本题考查固定搭配 fancy doing sth.（想要 / 喜欢做某事），fancy 后必须接动名词形式，visit 的动名词为 visiting，故填 visiting。 要点3 satisfy 【原句呈现】At first, he was very satisfied with it. 起初，他对这顶王冠十分满意。 一、基本用法 satisfy 使满意；满足 satisfied （人）感到满意的 satisfying （事物）令人满意的 satisfy sb. 使某人满意 The delicious food satisfied all the guests. 美味的食物让所有客人都感到满意。 2.satisfy one's needs/dreams 满足某人的需求 / 梦想 二、常用搭配 be satisfied with 固定词组（中考核心） 对…… 感到满意 I am satisfied with my new school life. 我对我的新校园生活很满意。 三、同义单词 & 同义词组（中考常考替换） be pleased with 对…… 感到满意（最常用同义替换） be happy with 对…… 满意 / 称心 【典例分析】 1.The movie has a ______ ending and all the audience clapped warmly. A. satisfied B. satisfying C. satisfy D. satisfaction 【答案】B 【解析】句意：这部电影有着令人满意的结局，所有观众都热烈鼓掌。本题考查 satisfy 相关词词义辨析。satisfy 是动词，意为使满意；satisfaction 是名词，意为满意，首先排除 C、D。satisfying 修饰事物，含义是 “令人感到满意的”，主语 / 修饰对象多为物品、事情、结局等客观事物；satisfied 修饰人，含义是 “（人）感到满意的”。此处修饰名词 ending（结局），属于事物，要用 satisfying，故选 B。 2. The ______ result made all the workers feel ______ with their hard work. A. satisfying; satisfied B. satisfied; satisfying C. satisfying; satisfying D. satisfied; satisfied 【答案】A 【解析】句意：这个令人满意的成果让所有工人都对自己的辛勤劳作感到满意。本题区分 satisfying 与 satisfied 用法。第一空修饰名词 result（成果），属于客观事物，表达 “令人满意的”，选用 satisfying；第二空修饰人 workers，放在 feel 后描述人的内心感受，意为 “感到满意的”，选用 satisfied。综上两空依次填 satisfying、satisfied，故选 A。 3.老师们对我们的课堂表现很满意。（翻译） 【答案】The teachers are satisfied with our class performance. 要点4 seem 【原句呈现】“This problem seems difficult to solve. What should I do?“ thought Archimedes. 阿基米德心想：这个问题似乎很难解决，我该怎么办？ seem 似乎；好像；仿佛 1. seem + 形容词 看起来…… The task seems easy for him. 这项任务对他来说似乎很简单。 2. seem + 名词 好像是…… She seems a kind girl. 她看上去是个善良的女孩。 3. seem to do sth. （中考高频） 好像 / 似乎做某事 They seem to know the truth. 他们好像知道真相。 4. It seems + that 从句 看来；似乎……（it 作形式主语） It seems that it will rain soon. 看来很快就要下雨了。 5. seem like + 名词 仿佛；好像…… It seems like a good plan. 这看起来像是个不错的计划。 【典例分析】 1.The clouds ______ to fall soon, so we’d better take an umbrella. A. look B. seem C. sound D. taste 【答案】B 【解析】句意：云朵看起来好像马上要下雨了，我们最好带上雨伞。本题考查感官 / 系动词词义辨析。A. look 后面直接接形容词，不能接 to do 不定式；B. seem 常用结构 seem to do sth.，意为 “似乎、好像”；C. sound 听起来，用来描述听觉相关事物；D. taste 尝起来，用于食物。句中空格后为 to fall 不定式，只有 seem 可搭配 to do 结构，符合语法与语境，故选 B。 2. He ______ very tired after running for an hour. A. seems B. smells C. tastes D. sounds 【答案】A 【解析】句意：跑了一小时之后，他看起来十分疲惫。本题考查系动词词义辨析。A. seems 似乎、看起来，可用来描述人的外在状态；B. smells 闻起来；C. tastes 尝起来；D. sounds 听起来。tired（疲惫的）是人的外在神态，只能用 seem 表达 “看起来……”，其余三项词义均不符合描述人劳累的语境，故选 A。 3. It ______ that no one knew the secret except you. A. looks B. seems C. feels D. hears 【答案】B 【解析】句意：似乎除了你之外没人知道这个秘密。本题考查固定句型与动词辨析。A. looks 看起来，无 It looks that 固定句型；B. seems 固定句型 It seems that…，意为 “似乎、好像……”；C. feels 摸起来、感觉；D. hears 听见，为实义动词，不能用于该句型。本句使用经典固定句式 It seems that 引出从句，只有 seem 满足搭配要求，故选 B。 要点5 fill 【原句呈现】Archimedes was still thinking about this problem as he filled his bath with water 阿基米德往浴缸里放水时，还在思索这个难题。 一、fill 动词 (v.) 填满；装满 fill...with... （主动）用…… 把…… 装满（中考必考搭配） She filled her bag with books before going to school. 上学前，她把书装进了书包。 二、be filled with （被动短语） 被…… 填满；充满…… The room is filled with fresh flowers. 这个房间里摆满了鲜花。 三、be full of （同义短语，中考高频）充满……（状态表达） The basket is full of apples. 篮子里装满了苹果。 4、 重点辨析（必考点） 1.fill...with... 强调动作（去装满） 2.be filled with / be full of 强调状态（装好了、满满的） 3.两者可互换： The box is filled with toys. = The box is full of toys. 这个箱子里装满了玩具。 【典例分析】 1.—The box is too heavy to carry. What’s in it? —Oh, it is _______books. A. filled with B. covered with C. used for D. asked for 【答案】A. 【解析】 be filled with 充满。Be covered with 被覆盖。Be used for 被用来。。。 be asked for 被。。。要求。 2.It is raining hard. The pool ______ water. A.is filled of B. is full with C. is filled with D. is fulled of 【答案】C . 【解析】be full of 和be filled with 都是固定搭配。 3.If you read a lot, your life will be full pleasure. A. by B. of C. for D. with 【答案】B 【解析】句意：如果你读了很多书，你的生活将充满乐趣。be full of充满，故选B。 4.正如习总书记所说：“只要我们撸起袖子加油干，中国梦就一定会实现” As president Xi says ,“If we are ___________ energies to do everything ,China Dream is sure to come true .” 【答案】full of /filled with 要点6 displace 【原句呈现】A crown made completely of gold displaces less water than a crown made of gold and another metal. 纯金打造的王冠，比掺了其他金属的王冠排开的水量更少。 displace 排开 取代；替代 The golden crown displaces less water than the mixed-metal one. 纯金王冠排开的水量比掺了其他金属的王冠要少。 New machines have displaced some workers in the factory. 新机器在工厂里取代了一部分人工。 take the place of 取代；代替 Smart phones will not take the place of books entirely. 智能手机不会完全取代书籍。 take one's place （词组，侧重接替某人位置） No one can take his place in our team. 在我们团队里，没人能取代他。 displace / replace / take the place of三者作谓语动词，含义基本一致，displace 书面化， 中考写作优先用 replace / take the place of。 【典例分析】 1.We shouldn’t let modern technology ______ traditional handicrafts completely. A. disappoint B. discharge C. displace D. disappear 【答案】C 【解析】句意：我们不应该让现代科技彻底取代传统手工艺。本题考查动词词义辨析。A. disappoint 使失望；B. discharge 释放，排出；C. displace 取代，排挤掉；D. disappear 消失（不及物动词，后面不能直接接宾语 traditional handicrafts）。句子表达科技不要顶替传统手艺，displace 为及物动词，有 “替代原有事物” 的含义，D 语法不成立，A、B 语义不符，故选 C。 2.New machines will ______ many workers in this factory in the near future. A. discover B. displace C. disagree D. divide 【答案】B 【解析】句意：在不久的将来，新机器将会取代这家工厂里许多工人。本题考查动词词义辨析。A. discover 发现；B. displace 取代，替代；C. disagree 不同意；D. divide 分开，划分。根据句中主语 new machines（新机器）和宾语 many workers（许多工人）的逻辑关系，机器会替代人工，只有 displace 有 “取代、顶替” 的含义，其余单词语义均不符合语境，故选 B。 3.同等重量的木块排开的水更多。 ____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Wood of the same weight displaces more water. 【详解】考查短语 of the same weight 以及动词 displace 的用法，主语为单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 要点7 反意疑问句 【原句呈现】The crown maker fooled me, didn't he? 这个工匠欺骗了我，是吧？ 这是一个反意疑问句。 其原则是：如果前面的陈述部分是肯定句，后面的简短问句就用否定式；如果前面的陈述部分是否定句，后面的简短问句就用肯定式；前后时态要一致。例如： 这个小男孩每天很早去上学，对吗？ The little boy goes to school very early every day, doesn’t he? 你爸爸对集邮不感兴趣，是吗？ Your father isn’t interested in collecting stamps, is he? 【典例分析】 1.He walks to school every day, ______?） 【答案】doesn’t he 2.They visited the museum last Sunday, ______? 【答案】didn’t they 3.We will have a picnic tomorrow, ______? 【答案】won’t we 4.She is reading a novel now, ______? 【答案】isn’t she 5.You have seen this movie before, ______? 【答案】haven’t you 6.Your brother can swim across the river, ______? 【答案】can’t he 7.There is a cat under the desk, ______? 【答案】isn’t there 8.Tom seldom talks with strangers, ______? 【答案】does he 9.Lily never eats junk food, ______? 【答案】does she 10.Let’s go shopping together, ______? 【答案】shall we 11. Few students passed the difficult test, ______? 【答案】did they 要点8 send ... to prison 【原句呈现】He then sent the crown maker to prison, and he praised Archimedes for his clever discovery. 随后他将工匠关进监狱，并称赞阿基米德这一巧妙的发现。 send ... to prison 把…… 关进监狱；判…… 入狱 The king sent the crown maker to prison.国王把造王冠的工匠关进了监狱。 send sb. to the prison 送某人去监狱（单纯前往监狱地点，不一定是服刑）I will send my uncle to the prison to visit his friend. put ... in prison 把…… 关进监狱（最常用同义替换） They put the thief in prison.= They sent the thief to prison. 他们把小偷关进了监狱。 throw ... into prison 把…… 投入监狱（语气更强） praise 一、作动词 (v.) 表扬，赞扬 1. praise sb. 表扬某人 The teacher praised me for my progress. 老师因为我的进步表扬了我。 2. 核心搭配：praise sb. for sth. 因某事表扬某人 Everyone praised her for helping the old man.大家都因她帮助老人而称赞她。 二、作名词 (n.) 赞扬，称赞 1. win/get praise 获得赞扬 He got high praise from all the students. 他得到了全体学生的高度赞扬。 2. 常用短语：in praise of 歌颂；赞扬 Many poems are written in praise of hard-working people. 许多诗歌都是用来赞美勤劳的人们的。 三、同义替换（中考写作可用） speak highly of 高度评价、称赞 We all speak highly of his good manners. 我们都称赞他有礼貌。 【典例分析】 1.Everyone praised him ______ his great courage. A. to B. for C. with D. at 【答案】B 【解析】固定搭配 praise sb. for sth. 意为 “因某事称赞某人”，结合句意选 B。 2.The man ______ to prison because of stealing. A. sent B. was sent C. sends D. is send 【答案】B 【详解】主语 the man 与 send 为被动关系，需用被动语态；动作发生在过去，用一般过去时的被动 was/were + 过去分词，故选 B。 3.Teachers often ______ hard-working students for their progress. A. praise B. price C. prize D. practice 【答案】A 【解析】句意：老师经常表扬勤奋的学生取得的进步。本题考查形近动词词义辨析。A. praise 动词，意为表扬、赞扬；B. price 可作名词或动词，名词表示价格，动词表示定价；C. prize 多作名词，意为奖品；D. practice 动词 / 名词，意为练习。根据语境，老师对进步学生的行为是表扬，只有 praise 语义匹配，故选 A。 4.他因为欺骗老人被关进了监狱。（翻译句子） ___________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】He was sent to prison because of cheating the old man. 【详解】本题考查 be sent to prison（被关进监狱）被动结构；because of 后接名词 / 动名词短语，“欺骗老人” 译为 cheat the old man，此处用动名词形式 cheating the old man。 5.老师因他的努力学习表扬了他。（翻译句子） _________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The teacher praised him for his hard work. 【详解】考查固定搭配 praise sb. for sth.，结合句意翻译即可。 要点9 It is believed + that 从句 【原句呈现】It is believed that he wrote Daodejing. 人们认为是他撰写了《道德经》。 It is believed + that 从句 人们相信； It is believed that Laozi wrote Daodejing. 人们认为老子撰写了《道德经》。 It is believed that this idea has a long history. 人们认为这个思想历史悠久。 同类高频固定句型（It + be + 过去分词 + that） It is reported that… 据报道…… It is known that… 众所周知…… It is said that… 据说…… It is hoped that… 人们希望…… It is supposed that… 据推测…… 【典例训练】 1.据说这位诗人年轻时游历过许多国家。 _______ _______ _______ the poet travelled to many countries when he was young. 【答案】It is said that 【解析】It is said that… 据说……，it 作形式主语。 2.据报道他的新诗下个月将要出版。 _______ _______ _______ his new poem will come out next month. 【答案】It is reported that 【解析】It is reported that… 据报道……。 3.众所周知李白是中国伟大的诗人之一。 _______ _______ _______ Li Bai is one of China’s greatest poets. 【答案】It is known that 【解析】It is known that… 众所周知……。 要点10 【原句呈现】Daodejing is understood as "Way of nature as a whole”. 《道德经》可理解为 “道法自然”。 as a whole 作为整体；总的来说；整体上 consider...as a whole 从整体考虑 look at...as a whole 整体看待 The city as a whole is very beautiful. 这座城市整体而言十分优美。 Don't just focus on small details. Think about life as a whole. 不要只纠结细枝末节，要从整体看待生活。 The plan is good as a whole. 总的来说，这个方案很不错。 【典例分析】 1.我们必须从整体上来看这个问题。 We must ______ ________ the problem ______ ______ _________. 【答案】look at as a whole 要点11 balance 【原句呈现】The idea is that we, as humans, should live a simple, peaceful and balanced life, respecting our place in nature. 其中的思想是：人类应当过简朴、平和、均衡的生活，尊重自身在自然界中的位置。 balance 名词 n. 平衡；均衡 keep/lose balance 保持 / 失去平衡 动词 v. （使）平衡；权衡 We need a balance between study and play.（名） 我们需要做到劳逸结合。 You should balance work and rest.（动）你应当劳逸结合。 balanced adj. 均衡的；平衡的；和谐的 a balanced life 均衡安稳的生活 a balanced diet 均衡的饮食（中考高频） Eating more vegetables helps you keep a balanced diet. 多吃蔬菜有助于保持饮食均衡。 He has a balanced way of thinking. 他的思维很全面、不偏激。 【典例分析】 1.To keep healthy, we need to eat a ______ diet every day. A. balanced B. bored C. basic D. broken 【答案】A 【解析】句意：为了保持健康，我们每天需要均衡饮食。本题考查形容词词义辨析。A. balanced 均衡的；B. bored 感到无聊的（修饰人）；C. basic 基础的；D. broken 破碎的。固定搭配 a balanced diet 表示 “均衡的饮食”，符合保持健康的语境，其他单词代入句子语义不通，故选 A。 2.我们应该每天吃均衡的饮食来保持身体健康。 We should eat ____ ____ ____ to keep healthy every day. 【答案】a; balanced; diet 要点12 saying 【原句呈现】It is not surprising, therefore, that many of Laozi‘s famous sayings use nature to get the message across. 因此，老子的诸多名言都借助自然事物来传递思想，这也就不足为奇了 saying 名词 n. 谚语；格言；警句（最常用） 言论；话语 famous sayings 名言（课文高频） old sayings 谚语，老话 common saying 俗语 a saying goes (that...) 俗话说…… There is an old saying: Practice makes perfect. 有句老话：熟能生巧。 I like reading wise sayings. 我喜欢读至理名言。 As the saying goes, failure is the mother of success. 俗话说，失败是成功之母。 使（想法、信息、观点等）被理解；把某事讲清楚； get the message across 把主旨讲明白（课文原搭配） get one's idea across 表达清楚自己的想法 I hope I can get my idea across. 我希望我能把自己的想法讲清楚。 She spoke slowly to get her meaning across. 她放慢语速，好让大家听懂她的意思。 You should get it across that we need to live in harmony with nature. 你要讲明白，我们应当与自然和谐共处。 【典例分析】 1.As the ______ goes, no pains, no gains. A. story B. saying C. speech D. article 【答案】B 【解析】句意：正如谚语所说，不劳无获。本题考查名词词义辨析。A. story 故事；B. saying 谚语，俗语；C. speech 演讲；D. article 文章。固定搭配 as the saying goes 表示 “常言道、正如谚语所说”，是英语常用固定表达，只有 saying 能构成该搭配，其余单词无法使用，故选 B。 2.这位老师总能把知识点清晰地传达给学生。 The teacher can always ____ ____ knowledge points ____ students clearly. 【答案】get; across; to 要点13 【原句呈现】.“The highest good is like water. Water gives life to the ten thousand things and does not strive(奋斗). It flows in places men reject and so is like the Dao.” 上善若水。水善利万物而不争，处众人之所恶，故几于道。 give life to 赋予…生命 / 生机；使焕发生机；滋养 Water gives life to the ten thousand things. 水滋养世间万物。 Sunlight and water give life to plants. 阳光和水分让植物得以生长。 Warm smiles give life to the whole room.温暖的笑容让整个屋子充满活力。 reject 拒绝；摒弃；不接受；嫌弃 reject doing It flows in places men reject. 水流向人们嫌弃的地方。 He rejected my advice. 他拒绝了我的建议。 She rejected going out on rainy days. 下雨天她不愿出门。 The plan was rejected at last. 这个方案最终被否决了。 同义词辨析（中考高频：reject /refuse/turn down） refuse 拒绝 只接不定式 refuse to do sth He refused my gift. 他拒收我的礼物。 reject 语气比 refuse 强，强调彻底否决、嫌弃、摒弃 turn down专指拒绝邀请、提议、请求，语气委婉。 I had to turn down his invitation. 我不得不婉拒了他的邀请。 【典例分析】 1. The manager ______ his plan for lacking practical value. A. reduced B. rejected C. reviewed D. rewarded 【答案】B 【解析】句意：经理因为他的方案缺乏实用价值而否决了它。本题考查动词词义辨析。A. reduced 减少；B. rejected 驳回，否决；C. reviewed 复习，审阅；D. rewarded 奖励。方案缺少实用性，因此经理会拒绝、否决方案，reject 有驳回提议、计划的含义，其余词汇不符合该工作场景语境，故选 B。 2.She rejected ______ (take)part in the speech competition for lack of confidence. 【答案】 taking 【解析】句意：因为缺乏自信，她拒绝参加演讲比赛。本题考查 reject 后搭配动名词的固定语法规则。reject 意为 “拒绝”，其后作宾语的动词必须使用 doing 形式. 3. 温暖的灯光为整个舞台赋予活力。 The warm lights ____ ____ ____ the whole stage. 【答案】give life to 要点14 【原句呈现】we should accept what we have and thus allow ourselves to go with the way of nature—that is, to achieve the highest good. 我们应当接纳所拥有的一切，因此顺应自然规律，也就是达到至善的境界。 thus 因此；从而；于是（表因果、顺承） 偏书面语，比 so 正式；多用于书面文章、议论文。 He worked hard. Thus, he passed the exam.他学习努力，因此通过了考试。 Thus, we should follow nature. 因此，我们应当顺应自然。 Water is kind and thus is like the Dao. 水品性谦和，故而近于道。 thus + doing（表自然而然的结果，高频考点） He helped others, thus making many friends. 他乐于助人，因此交到了很多朋友。 易混辨析（中考区分：thus /so/therefore） So 连词，口语常用，位置灵活，可直接连接句子。 He was tired, so he went home. Thus 副词，偏书面，侧重 “由此、进而” 引出结果。 Therefore 副词，语气最强，侧重 “所以、因而”，正式文体。 go with 1.顺应；遵从；与…… 保持一致 We should go with the way of nature.我们应当顺应自然规律。 Try to go with the rules.请遵守规则。 2.与…… 相配；搭配（衣物、颜色、风格等，日常高频） This shirt doesn't go with your trousers.这件衬衫和你的裤子不搭。 3.伴随；连同…… 一起存在 Happiness often goes with kindness. 善良常常会带来快乐。 go with the flow 顺其自然（固定习语） 【典例分析】 1.He didn’t study hard. ______, he failed the final exam. A. Thus B. Though C. Unless D. Since 【答案】A 【解析】句意：他学习不努力，因此他期末考试不及格。本题考查连词 / 副词词义辨析。A. thus 副词，意为 “因此，从而”，用于引出前文行为带来的结果；B. though 虽然，引导让步关系；C. unless 除非，引导条件状语从句；D. since 自从，既然，表时间或原因。前后两句是因果关系，前半句为原因，后半句是结果，只有 thus 用来引出结果，其余词汇逻辑不符，故选 A。 2.The new bike saves much time, ______ making our daily trip easier. A. besides B. thus C. instead D. almost 【答案】B 【解析】句意：这辆新自行车节省很多时间，从而让我们日常出行更轻松。本题考查副词词义辨析。A. besides 此外，表补充说明；B. thus 因此、从而，后可接 doing 结构，表示自然而然产生的结果；C. instead 反而，代替；D. almost 几乎。骑车省时这件事直接带来出行便利的结果，thus doing 是固定用法表结果，其他副词不能构成该句式，故选 B。 3.这条蓝色领带很配你的白衬衫。 This blue tie ____ ____ your white shirt. 【答案】goes with 要点15 【原句呈现】Daodejing has had a lasting impact on culture in China and beyond. 《道德经》对中国乃至世界各地的文化都产生了深远影响。 lasting 持久的；长久的；永恒的 lasting impact 深远影响 lasting effect 持久效果 lasting friendship 长久的友谊 lasting memory 难忘的回忆 We hope for lasting peace. 我们期盼持久的和平。 It left a lasting memory in my mind. 这件事给我留下了难以磨灭的记忆。 have a lasting impact on对…… 产生深远 / 持久的影响 That experience had a lasting impact on his life. 那段经历对他的一生产生了深远影响。 【典例分析】 1.The trip left us ______ memories that we will never forget. A. lasting B. last C. lastly D. latest 【答案】A 【解析】句意：这次旅行给我们留下了难以磨灭的长久回忆。本题考查词义与词性辨析。A. lasting 形容词，意为持久的、长久的，用来修饰名词；B. last 可作动词（持续）、形容词（最后的），无 “长久留存” 的含义；C. lastly 副词，最后，只能修饰句子或动词，不能修饰名词 memories；D. latest 形容词，最新的，语义不符合 “永不忘记的回忆” 语境。空格修饰名词 memories，需要表达 “长久的”，只有 lasting 符合词性与句意，故选 A。 2.这位伟大作家的作品对无数读者产生了持久的影响。 The works of this great writer ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ countless readers. 【答案】have a lasting impact on 3.写出last的词性及意义。 （1）This is the last bus to the town. 【答案】句意：这是去往镇上的最后一班公交车。last 形容词，表示 “最后的” 之意。 （2）I met her last summer. 【答案】句意：我去年夏天见过她。last 形容词，表示 “刚过去的，上一个的” 之意。 （3）The bad weather will last another three days. 【答案】句意：恶劣的天气还会持续三天。last 动词，表示 “持续；延续” 之意。 （4）Who laughed last in the game? 【答案】句意：谁是游戏里笑到最后的人？last 副词，表示 “最后；最终” 之意。 （5）At last, we finished all the homework. 【答案】句意：终于，我们写完了所有作业。last 名词，固定搭配 at last，表示 “最后，终于” 之意。 （6） He was the last to hand in his paper. 【答案】句意：他是最后一个交试卷的人。last 形容词，表示 “最后的” 之意。 （7）The sports meeting lasts three whole days every year. 【答案】句意：运动会每年持续整整三天。last 动词，表示 “持续” 之意。 要点16 【原句呈现】Its ideas about living in harmony with nature have inspired people all over the world, 它的与自然和谐共处的理念，启迪了全世界的人们。 in harmony with 与…和谐相处；与…协调一致 live in harmony with 与……和睦共处（中考高频） be in harmony with 与……和谐 / 协调 We should live in harmony with animals. 我们应该和动物和谐共处。 Man must live in harmony with nature. 人类必须与自然和谐共生。 【典例分析】 1. 这座建筑和周围的环境相得益彰、和谐统一。 The building is ____ ____ ____ the surrounding environment. 【答案】in harmony with 2.每个人都希望和家人和睦相处。 Everyone wants to be____ _____ ________ their family. 【答案】in harmony with 要点17 fool 【原句呈现】The crown maker fooled me, didn't he? 这个工匠欺骗了我，是吧？ fool 1：n. 名词，傻瓜；蠢人 a fool 一个傻瓜 make a fool of sb 愚弄某人，让某人出丑 April Fool 愚人节玩笑；愚人 He made a fool of me in front of all classmates. 他在全班同学面前捉弄我，让我难堪。 2：v. 动词，欺骗；愚弄；糊弄 fool sb 欺骗某人 fool sb into doing sth 骗某人去做某事 They fooled him into buying the bad watch. 他们骗他买下了这块劣质手表。 派生词 foolish adj. 愚蠢的（常用，可作表语） 【典例分析】 1.You can’t ______ me with such a silly trick. A. feed B. fool C. treat D. cover 【答案】B 【解析】句意：这么拙劣的把戏糊弄不了我。本题考查动词词义辨析。A. feed 喂养；B. fool 愚弄，欺骗；C. treat 对待，款待；D. cover 覆盖。句中 “silly trick（拙劣的花招）” 提示动作是欺骗、糊弄别人，fool sb 表示愚弄某人，其余单词代入语义不通，故选 B。 2.It’s ______ to waste time playing games all day long. A. polite B. honest C. clever D. foolish 【答案】D 【解析】句意：整天玩游戏浪费时间是很愚蠢的。本题考查形容词词义辨析。A. polite 有礼貌的；B. honest 诚实的；C. clever 聪明的；D. foolish 愚蠢的（fool 的形容词形式）。根据 “waste time（浪费时间）” 可知这件事是不明智、愚蠢的，只有 foolish 契合语境，故选 D。 3.不要被他人哄骗去购买无用的商品。 Don’t be fooled ____ ____ useless goods by others. 【答案】be fooled into buying 要点18 prove 1. 及物动词：证明；证实。prove + 名词 / 代词（证明某事） He proved his idea at last. 他最终证实了自己的观点。 The experiment proves that his theory is right. 这个实验证明他的理论是正确的。 prove sb (to be) + 形容词 / 名词 证明某人…… Time proved him (to be) honest. 时间证明他是诚实的。 prove sth to sb 向某人证明某事 I want to prove my ability to my parents. 我想向父母证明我的能力。 2. 系动词：证明是；结果是（无被动，主动表被动含义） prove (to be) + adj./n. The plan proved (to be) useful. 这个方案结果证明很有用。 He proved (to be) a true friend. 事实证明他是一位真心朋友。 3.高频派生词 proof n. 证据；证明 proven adj. 已证实的 a proven fact 确凿的事实 四、易混提醒 prove 表示 “被证明是” 时不用被动语态，不能说 is proved to be，直接用主动形式： ❌ The story was proved interesting. ✅ The story proved (to be) interesting. 这个故事结果十分有趣。 中考真题短句练习 Can you prove you didn’t break the window? 你能证明窗户不是你打碎的吗？ All his efforts proved to be valuable. 他所有的努力最终证明都是值得的。 【典例分析】 1.The facts ______ he is right about this problem. A. promise B. protect C. produce D. prove 【答案】D 【解析】句意：这些事实证明在这个问题上他是对的。本题考查动词词义辨析。A. promise 承诺；B. protect 保护；C. produce 生产；D. prove 证明。句中主语 facts（事实），搭配后文 “he is right（他是正确的）”，事实的作用是证明观点成立，只有 prove 符合语境，其余单词代入句子逻辑不通，故选 D。 2.The experiment ______ his new idea works well. A. provide B. prove C. prevent D. pretend 【答案】B 【解析】句意：这个实验证明他的新想法效果很好。本题考查动词词义辨析。A. provide 提供；B. prove 证明；C. prevent 阻止；D. pretend 假装。实验是用来验证、证明想法是否可行的，结合句意只有 prove 语义匹配，其他词汇不符合实验对应的逻辑，故选 B。 3.I will prove ______ my teacher that I can make progress. A. to B. for C. with D. at 【答案】A 【解析】固定搭配 prove sth to sb 向某人证明某事，介词用 to。 4.The plan proved____________ (help). 【答案】(to be) helpful 要点19 hardly hardly + 动词 几乎不…… I hardly know him. 我几乎不认识他。 hardly ever 几乎从不（频率） She hardly ever watches TV. 她几乎不看电视。 hardly…when… 一…… 就……（中考句型） Hardly had I got home when it rained. 我刚到家就下雨了。 hard 形容词：硬的、难的 副词：努力地、猛烈地（有实际力度 / 难度含义） hardly 只作副词，意思是几乎不，带否定意味，和 “困难、用力” 无关。 易错提醒 hardly 本身含否定，句中不能再加 not ❌ I can’t hardly walk. ✅ I can hardly walk. 我几乎走不动路。 hard 作副词≠hardly，二者词义完全无关，只是长得像。 【典例分析】 1.The math problem is too ______ for me, and I can ______ work it out. A. hardly; hard B. hard; hardly C. difficult; hard D. easily; hardly 【答案】B 【解析】句意：这道数学题对我来说太难了，我几乎做不出来。本题考查 hard 两种词性与 hardly 辨析。第一空放在系动词 is 后需形容词，hard 形容词意为困难的；第二空修饰动词短语 work out，用副词 hardly 表示几乎不。A 顺序颠倒错误；C 第二空 hard 语义不通；D easily 容易的和题意矛盾，故选 B。2.用 hard /hardly 填空 ①My brother studies very ______ every day. ②It is so noisy that I can ______ hear you. 【答案】①. hard ②. hardly 【详解】hard 作副词表示 “努力地”，study hard 为固定搭配，意为 “努力学习”；hardly 意为 “几乎不”，表否定含义，结合 “太吵了” 的语境，此处用 hardly。 3.他们工作很努力，却几乎没有休息时间。（翻译句子） _____________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】They work hard but they hardly have time to rest. 【解析】本题考查 hard 与 hardly 的词义辨析。副词 hard 表示 “努力地”，work hard 为固定搭配，意为 “努力工作”；hardly 属于否定副词，意为 “几乎不”，本身带有否定含义。句中前后分句为转折关系，用连词 but 衔接，结合句意即可完成翻译。 要点20 come up with 【典例分析】 【原句呈现】Who came up with a brilliant idea to solve the problem? 是谁想出了这个绝妙的办法来解决这个问题？ come up with 想出（主意、计划、办法）；提出（方案、观点） come up with （an idea 一个主意/ a plan 一份计划/a way to solve the problem 解决问题的办法/a good suggestion 好建议） Who came up with this great idea? 是谁想出这个好主意的？ We need to come up with a new plan. 我们得想出一个新方案。 My teacher came up with a simple way to remember words. 老师想出了一个记单词的简便方法。 同义替换（考试常考） think up 想出 work out 想出（解决办法） 【典例分析】 同学们一起想出了一场有趣的班会活动。 The classmates ____ ____ ____ an interesting class meeting activity together. 【答案】came up with 知识要点二、语法 句子种类 用 法 示 例 1. 陈述句 用来陈述事实或表达说话者看法的句子。句末用句号。有肯定句和否定句两种形式。 This is a beautiful garden. 这是一座漂亮的花园。 We didn’t go to school yesterday. 我们昨天没上学。 2. 疑问句 用来提问的句子。句末用问号。有一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句四种，初中阶段要求掌握前三种。 （1）一般疑问句 用yes或no回答的问句。 Are you a student? 你是学生吗？ Do you like singing? 你喜欢唱歌吗？ （2）特殊疑问句 需要使用相应的疑问词来提问。常见的疑问词：what什么，what time几点，when何时，where何地，why为什么，which哪个，who谁，whom（宾格）谁，whose谁的，how如何，how old多大年纪，how much多少，how many多少，how often多久一次，how far多远，how long多久，how soon多久以后 Who is your English teacher? 你们的英语老师是谁？ How many people are there in your family? 你家里有几口人？ Which bike is yours? 哪辆单车是你的？ How did you get there? 你怎么到那儿的？ Whose book is on the floor? 谁的书在地板上？ How long have you studied English? 你学英语多久了？ （3）选择疑问句 选择部分由连词or连接。 What would you like, tea or coffee? 你想喝什么，茶还是咖啡？ Are you going to the cinema or the library? 你是去电影院还是图书馆？ 3. 祈使句 表示请求、命令、要求、建议等的句子。通常不用主语，谓语动词用原形，句末用感叹号或句号。 否定形式：Don’t / Never+动词原形+其他。 为了使语气显得客气，可在句首或者句尾加上please。please在句尾时，前面一般要加一个逗号。 Listen to me carefully. 仔细听我讲。 Be quiet! 安静！ Don’t talk loud in the library. 别在图书馆里大声喧哗。 Never swim in the river. 不要在河里游泳。 Please come this way. 请这边走。 Sit down, please. 请坐。 4. 感叹句 表示惊喜、愤怒、赞赏等感情的句子。多用what和how引导，句末用感叹号。 （1）what引导的感叹句（中心词是名词） ·What + a/an+形容词+可数名词单数(+主语+谓语)！ ·What+形容词+可数名词复数(+主语+谓语)！ ·What+形容词+不可数名词(+主语+谓语)！ What a lovely girl she is! 她是个多可爱的女孩啊！ What an interesting book it is! 这是一本多么有趣的书啊！ What beautiful flowers they are! 这些花多么漂亮呀！ What nice weather we have today! 今天天气真好！ （2）how引导的感叹句（中心词是形容词或副词） ·How+形容词(+主语+谓语)！ ·How+副词(+主语+谓语)！ How dirty your hands are! 你的手太脏啦！ How fast the boy is running! 那个男孩跑得真快！ 【即时检测】 1.他们还赢得了广东省飞镖比赛冠军。多么棒的项目啊！ They won the Championship of Guangdong Darts Match, too. ________________________ project it is! 【答案】What a wonderful 【解析】根据题干可知此处是一个感叹句。中心词为可数名词project“项目”，符合结构：What+ a/an+形容词+主语+谓语。project是以辅音音素开头，应用a；wonderful“极好的”。故填What a wonderful。 2.. ________ it was to see the main sights of the world in the World Park! A How amazing day B. How an amazing day C. What amazing day D. What an amazing day 【答案】D 【解析】句意：在世界公园里看到世界的主要景点是多么美妙的一天啊！ 考查感叹句。句子是感叹句，中心词是可数名词单数day，用感叹句结构：What a/an adj. n.+主谓。故选D。 3.. —China won all the gold medals at the 2023 World Table Tennis Championships. —______ exciting news! A. What a B. How a C. How D. What 【答案】D 【解析】句意：——中国包揽了2023年世乒赛的所有金牌。——多么令人兴奋的消息啊！ 考查感叹句，感叹句的中心词news是不可数名词，此处用“What+形容词+不可数名词”结构。故选D。 4. Please move your car away, sir. This is “________” area. A. No smoking B. No parking C. No swimming D. No littering 【答案】B 【解析】句意：先生，请把您的车开走。这里是“禁止停车”区域。 考查情景交际。祈使句表示请求、命令。No smoking禁止吸烟；No parking禁止停车；No swimming禁止游泳；No littering禁止乱扔垃圾。根据“Please move your car away”可知，要把车开走，所以是禁止停车，故选B。 5.________ trying and do your best. A. Keep B. Keeping C. To keep D. Kept 【答案】A 【解析】句意：继续努力，尽你最大的努力。 考查祈使句。根据“and do your best”可知句子是祈使句，以动词原形开头。故选A。 6. —________ have you been a member of the Youth League? —For three years. A. How long B. How many C. How often D. How far 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——你成为共青团员有多长时间了？——三年了。 考查特殊疑问句。How long多久，多长；How many多少；How often多久一次；How far多远。根据答句“For three years.”可知询问时长应用how long来提问。故选A。 7. —Excuse me, ________ is the Gengsu Theatre from this hotel? —It’s about ten minutes if you take a taxi. A. how far B. how long C. how soon D. how much 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——对不起，庚戌剧院离这家旅馆有多远？——如果你坐出租车大约需要十分钟。 考查特殊疑问句。how far多远；how long多长时间；how soon多久之后；how much多少钱。根据“It’s about ten minutes if you take a taxi.”可知此处询问距离，疑问词用how far。故选A。 8. —________ do you learn these words by heart? —By using them in different ways. A. When B. How C. Why D. Where 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——你是怎么把这些单词背下来的？——通过以不同的方式使用它们。 考查特殊疑问句。when什么时候；how如何；why为什么；where哪里。根据“By using them...”可知此处询问方式，疑问词用how。故选B。 知识要点三、书面表达 【话题分析】 本单元以 “Great ideas” 为核心话题，围绕 “伟大想法的背景、提出者、解决过程及深远影响” 展开，核心聚焦 “用英语介绍一项伟大想法、描述其解决的问题、阐述其对人类社会的价值”。写作要求结合真实事实依据，遵循清晰严谨的写作逻辑，熟练运用描述问题、过程与影响的表达，写出结构完整、内容真实、主旨积极的说明文。 文章结构 ①待解决的问题 ②想出创意的人 ③创意如何解决问题 ④这个创意对我们生活的影响 段落 对应模块 核心任务 开头 · the problem to be solved 引入话题，点明当时存在的问题 中间段 · the person with the idea · the idea & how it solved the problem 介绍人物背景，引出他 / 她的伟大想法 讲清楚想法是什么、怎么解决问题的 结尾 · influence of the great idea 说明影响和意义，升华主题 【通用句型】 分类 词汇 / 短语 例句 描述问题 face a problem / doubt / have no way to do People were troubled by heavy traffic. 人们饱受交通拥堵困扰。 Old lamps brought much inconvenience to people. 老式灯具给人们带来诸多不便。 描述创意 put forward an idea 提出想法 get inspiration from... 从…… 获得灵感 think differently 换位思考；创新思考 design sth. 设计某物 He got inspiration from daily life. 他从日常生活中获得灵感。 The engineers put forward a new plan. 工程师们提出了新方案。 描述解决过程 make efforts to do 努力做某事 carry out tests 开展测试 work out a plan 制定方案 deal with the trouble 处理难题 succeed in doing sth. 成功做成某事 They carried out many tests and finally succeeded. 他们做了多次测试，最终取得成功。 We worked out a good solution to the problem. 我们找到了绝佳的解决办法。 描述影响 improve people's life 改善人们的生活 cut down waste/loss 减少浪费 / 损失 bring convenience to sb. 为某人带来便利 benefit people greatly 使人们受益匪浅 set a good example 树立榜样 go far beyond time 经久不衰 Shared bikes bring great convenience to students. 共享单车为学生带来极大便利。 This invention improves our living environment greatly. 这项发明极大改善了我们的生活环境。 【背诵范文】 Many years ago, malaria spread widely across the world. This serious illness killed a large number of people every year. However, common medicines were useless and people had no good ways to fight it. Tu Youyou, a great Chinese scientist, decided to change the situation. She spent plenty of time researching traditional Chinese medicine and tried hundreds of plants again and again. She never gave up even when she met difficulties. At last, she successfully discovered artemisinin to treat malaria. Her amazing discovery has saved millions of lives all over the world. She won the Nobel Prize for her great work. Her story tells us that great achievements always come from long-term hard work. 【实战演练一】 诸多伟大的想法，往往源自现实中遇到的难题。请选取一则事例，撰文讲述：有人凭借独到的智慧与巧妙的办法，最终攻克难题的经历。文章包含以下内容： ● What was the problem to be solved? ● Who came up with a brilliant idea to solve the problem? ● How was the problem solved? ● What influence has this idea had on our lives? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【范文一】 A long time ago, people mainly used stone axes to cut wood. This work was not only slow but also very tiring. Everyone wanted a better tool to make the job easier, yet nobody came up with a good idea. One day, Lu Ban was walking in the mountains. A sharp wild leaf cut his finger. He looked closely at the leaf and got great inspiration. Then he created a new tool called the saw with sharp teeth. It worked far better than axes. This brilliant invention brought great changes to people’s work. For thousands of years, the saw has been widely used all over the world. It truly shows that great ideas come from careful observation around us. 【范文二】 The Light Bulb: A Great Idea That Lit Up the World Before the light bulb was invented, people mainly used candles and oil lamps for light. These were dangerous, dim and short-lived. Thomas Edison, a famous American inventor, wanted to solve this problem. Edison spent years working on the light bulb. He tested over 1,000 different materials to find the right filament. Finally, he found that carbonized bamboo could burn for over 1,200 hours. In 1879, he successfully invented the practical incandescent light bulb. The light bulb completely changed people’s lives. It made work and study possible at night, improved safety in homes and factories, and paved the way for modern electric lighting. Even today, it remains one of the most important inventions in history. Great ideas like the light bulb come from hard work and never giving up. They make our world brighter and better. $