Unit 5 Into the Unknown-Understanding ideas 课件-2025-2026学年高中英语外研版选择性必修第四册

该高中英语课件围绕“THE MYSTERIES OF THE MAYA”展开，涵盖玛雅文明的成就、衰落原因及与古代中国文明的对比，通过展示古希腊等古代文明图片引导学生思考文明崩溃原因，搭建新旧知识联系的学习支架。 其亮点在于融合语言能力、文化意识与思维品质培养，通过词汇注释、语法讲解提升语言理解表达，借助文明对比增强跨文化认知，设置问题链和信息整理任务（如完成玛雅文明档案）引导分析推断。采用自主合作、展示质疑等方法，学生能提升语言与思维能力，教师可获得结构化教学支持。

舜德弘远 耕学载道 山东省薛城舜耕实验学校 Shandongshengxuechengshungengshiyanxuexiao 导课 ●明标 U N I T Into the unknown Ancient Egypt Ancient Babylon 舜德弘远 耕学载道 Ancient Greece 山东省薛城舜耕实验学校 Shandongshengxuechengshungengshiyanxuexiao 1 What do you know about these ancient civilisations? 2 What might be the reasons behind their collapse? 3 What other ancient civilisations do you know of? Share what you know with the class. 导课 ●明标 Look at the pictures and answer the questions. n./v. 崩溃 瓦解 舜德弘远 耕学载道 山东省薛城舜耕实验学校 Shandongshengxuechengshungengshiyanxuexiao 导课 ●明标 山东省薛城舜耕实验学校 Shandongshengxuechengshungengshiyanxuexiao 舜德弘远 耕学载道 导课 ●明标 Understanding ideas 舜德弘远 耕学载道 山东省薛城舜耕实验学校 Shandongshengxuechengshungengshiyanxuexiao Learning aims Get the main idea and structure of the passage by fast-reading. Capture the detailed information of each part and master the useful expressions by careful-reading. Cultivate truth-seeking spirit and awareness of protecting modern civilization. 导课 ●明标 山东省薛城舜耕实验学校 Shandongshengxuechengshungengshiyanxuexiao Reading tasks Task 1: Look through the passage quickly and answer the questions: What is the genre of the passage? Task 2: Read the passage loudly and then finish Activity 3 -- Choose the topic sentences and write them on the lines to complete the passage. 自主 ●合作 舜德弘远 耕学载道 山东省薛城舜耕实验学校 Shandongshengxuechengshungengshiyanxuexiao 自主 ●合作 舜德弘远 耕学载道 Expository writing Argumentative writing Narrative writing What is the genre of the passage? 舜德弘远 耕学载道 山东省薛城舜耕实验学校 Shandongshengxuechengshungengshiyanxuexiao 3. Choose the topic sentences and write them on the lines to complete the passage. Maya civilisation has been surrounded by mystery since its rediscovery in the 19th century. But the greatest mystery of all is what caused the Maya to abandon most of their great cities. Although his theory has been dismissed by scholars, it shows how powerful the secrets of Ancient Maya civilisation are among people. Research also suggests that those natural disasters may have led to the decline of the Maya. Meanwhile, the rise and fall of this civilisation must also leave us thinking about our own past, present and future. Some research seems to indicate that the Maya people themselves may have played a part in their downfall. 自主 ●合作 be surrounded by... 被...包围 n. 文明 n. 重新发现 v. 离弃 逃离 n. 理论 v. 拒绝考虑 否定 n. 灾害 n. 衰落 adv. 与此同时 ...的兴衰 may/might have done 可能已经做了某事 v. 暗示 表明 may/might have done 可能已经做了某事 play a part in 在...中起作用 n. 没落 衰落 山东省薛城舜耕实验学校 Shandongshengxuechengshungengshiyanxuexiao 舜德弘远 耕学载道 Expository writing Argumentative writing Narrative writing What is the genre of the passage? 展示 ●质疑 Expository writing 说明文 (to explain / clarify / expose) 展示 ●质疑 But the greatest mystery of all is what caused the Maya to abandon most of their great cities. Although his theory has been dismissed by scholars, it shows how powerful the secrets of Ancient Maya civilisation are among people. Research also suggests that those natural disasters may have led to the decline of the Maya. Meanwhile, the rise and fall of this civilisation must also leave us thinking about our own past, present and future. Some research seems to indicate that the Maya people themselves may have played a part in their downfall. 舜德弘远 耕学载道 山东省薛城舜耕实验学校 Shandongshengxuechengshungengshiyanxuexiao c. a. b. f. d. e. Maya civilisation has been surrounded by mystery since its rediscovery in the 19th century. 山东省薛城舜耕实验学校 Shandongshengxuechengshungengshiyanxuexiao Paragraph 1 舜德弘远 耕学载道 Intrigued by Maya civilisation from a very young age, 15-year-old Canadian William Gadoury thought he had made an incredible discovery from his study of ancient star charts. Through comparison, he found that the locations of the 117 known Maya cities correspond to the positions of the stars. Based on this, he believed he had spotted an unknown Maya city buried deep in the jungle. Although his theory has been dismissed by scholars, it shows how powerful the secrets of Ancient Maya civilisation are among people. 点评 ●提升 intrigue v. 激起...兴趣 be intrigued by... 被...吸引住 n. 文明 威廉 甘德瑞 有惊人的发现 n. 图表 n. 对比 adj. comparative 相当于 与...相符 correspond n. 符合 通信 基于此 据此 spot v. 注意到 发现 bury v. 将...埋在下面 后置定语 n. 热带雨林 n. 理论 v. 拒绝考虑 否定 山东省薛城舜耕实验学校 Shandongshengxuechengshungengshiyanxuexiao Paragraph 2 It isn’t difficult to see why. Extending south from parts of what we now know as Mexico into Central America, Maya civilisation has been surrounded by mystery since its rediscovery in the 19th century. The Maya built impressive palaces and temples, including their representative step pyramids. What is most extraordinary about these complex structures is how they were built without the use of wheels, metal tools or even animal power... 舜德弘远 耕学载道 点评 ●提升 v. 延伸 be surrounded by... 被...包围 n. 重新发现 adj. 令人赞叹的 n. 代表 adj. 典型的 有代表性的 n. 金字塔 主语从句 adj. 特别的 不同寻常的 n. 轮子 方向盘 机轮 汽车 n. 金属 舜德弘远 耕学载道 山东省薛城舜耕实验学校 Shandongshengxuechengshungengshiyanxuexiao ...The Maya’s understanding of mathematics and astronomy was also quite amazing. They applied this understanding to the Maya calendar, which was accurate to within 30 seconds per year. On top of all this was an achievement unique in the Americas at that time: a true writing system. It contained more than 800 characters, with some signs representing animals, people and objects and others representing syllables. It was a writing system so complicated that, so far, no one has been able to interpret it completely. Paragraph 2 点评 ●提升 n. 天文学 = very apply ... to ... 把...应用到...上 n. 历法 日历 solar/lunar calendar 非限定从 be accurate to ... 精确到... accuracy n.准确性 = in addition to... adj. 独特的 特有的 n. 文字 字符 人物 特征 品质 ？ n. 符号 标志 with 复合结构: with+宾语+宾补 n. 音节 so...that... 结果状从 到目前为止 迄今为止 v. 解读 诠释 interrupt 山东省薛城舜耕实验学校 Shandongshengxuechengshungengshiyanxuexiao The fact that Maya society was technologically primitive makes its achievements all the more incredible and mysterious. But the greatest mystery of all is what caused the Maya to abandon most of their great cities... Paragraph 3 舜德弘远 耕学载道 点评 ●提升 adj. 原始的, 发展水平低的, 落后的 同位语从句 adj. 神秘的 难以解释的 v. 离弃 逃离 舜德弘远 耕学载道 山东省薛城舜耕实验学校 Shandongshengxuechengshungengshiyanxuexiao ... By 700 AD, Maya civilisation was at its peak. Yet, within just a couple of generations, it began to mysteriously decline. The cities were left to be taken back by the jungle. When Europeans arrived in Central America in the early 16th century to claim its riches, the remaining Maya people were living in small settlements. Paragraph 3 点评 ●提升 at one’s peak 处于顶峰 达到顶峰 adv. 神秘地 不可思议地 v. 衰退 下降 被...夺回/占领 v. 声称 索取 赢得 夺去 adj. 剩余的 剩下的 n. 聚居点 解决 结算 山东省薛城舜耕实验学校 Shandongshengxuechengshungengshiyanxuexiao 被...吸引住 与...相符 以...为基础 被...包围 把...应用到...上 精确到... 处于顶峰 被...夺回/占领 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ KEY PHRASES 训练 ●巩固 舜德弘远 耕学载道 be intrigued by... correspond to... be based on... be surrounded by... apply ...to ... be accurate to ... at one’s peak be taken back 舜德弘远 耕学载道 山东省薛城舜耕实验学校 Shandongshengxuechengshungengshiyanxuexiao 总结 ●测评 The Maya created great civilisation.They built many impressive temples and palaces without the use of modern 1. (equip). They also invented their own calendar 2. was accurate to within 30 seconds per year,3. (use) their understanding of mathematics and astronomy.Their writing system was so complicated 4. no one has been able to interpret it completely. 课文语法填空 equipment which using that 舜德弘远 耕学载道 山东省薛城舜耕实验学校 Shandongshengxuechengshungengshiyanxuexiao 总结 ●测评 HOMEWORK Sort out the notes and review them; Preview the next part. 舜德弘远 耕学载道 山东省薛城舜耕实验学校 Shandongshengxuechengshungengshiyanxuexiao 山东省薛城舜耕实验学校 Shandongshengxuechengshungengshiyanxuexiao 被...吸引住 与...相符 以...为基础 被...包围 把...应用到...上 精确到... 处于顶峰 被...夺回/占领 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ KEY PHRASES REVISION 舜德弘远 耕学载道 be intrigued by... correspond to... be based on... be surrounded by... apply ...to ... be accurate to ... at one’s peak be taken back 舜德弘远 耕学载道 山东省薛城舜耕实验学校 Shandongshengxuechengshungengshiyanxuexiao 导课 ●明标 U N I T Into the unknown 山东省薛城舜耕实验学校 Shandongshengxuechengshungengshiyanxuexiao 舜德弘远 耕学载道 导课 ●明标 Understanding ideas 舜德弘远 耕学载道 山东省薛城舜耕实验学校 Shandongshengxuechengshungengshiyanxuexiao Learning aims Get the main idea and structure of the passage by fast-reading. Capture the detailed information of each part and master the useful expressions by careful-reading. Cultivate truth-seeking spirit and awareness of protecting modern civilization. 导课 ●明标 山东省薛城舜耕实验学校 Shandongshengxuechengshungengshiyanxuexiao 自主 ●合作 4. Organise information from the passage and complete the file of Maya civilisation. 舜德弘远 耕学载道 山东省薛城舜耕实验学校 Shandongshengxuechengshungengshiyanxuexiao Mexico Central America natural disasters turning wetlands into fields digging huge canel systems population droughts lasting for a couple of years 4. Organise information from the passage and complete the file of Maya civilisation. 舜德弘远 耕学载道 展示 ●质疑 舜德弘远 耕学载道 山东省薛城舜耕实验学校 Shandongshengxuechengshungengshiyanxuexiao Why Maya civilisation collapsed remains a mystery. Was it a natural disaster? A deadly disease? Conflicts between cities? Or was it a combination of several different factors? Some research seems to indicate that the Maya people themselves may have played a part in their downfall. They had turned wetlands into fields for growing grains, and had dug huge canal systems... Paragraph 4 点评 ●提升 v. 倒塌 崩溃 瓦解 adj. 致死的 ...的结合 v. 表明 暗示 play a part in... 在...中起作用 n. 没落 衰落 turn into... 把...变成... n. 谷物 谷粒 dig-dug-dug n. 运河 山东省薛城舜耕实验学校 Shandongshengxuechengshungengshiyanxuexiao ... As their population expanded, yet more land was needed for agriculture and more trees for construction. By changing the landscape in this way, it is possible that the Maya people unknowingly reduced their ability to deal with natural disasters. Paragraph 4 舜德弘远 耕学载道 点评 ●提升 时间状从 n. 农业 n. 建造 施工 v. construct n. 形式 地貌 风景 可能... adv. 不知不觉地 处理 应付 舜德弘远 耕学载道 山东省薛城舜耕实验学校 Shandongshengxuechengshungengshiyanxuexiao Research also suggests that those natural disasters may have led to the decline of the Maya. Some recent studies have found that there were far fewer tropical cyclones than usual between 700 AD and 1000 AD. This is likely to have led to a series of droughts, each lasting for a couple of years, including a “megadrought” around 900 AD... Paragraph 5 点评 ●提升 may/might have done 可能已经做了某事 decline n. 衰落 v. 减少 下降 衰退 far+比较级→极少 adj. 来自热带的 n. 气旋 旋风 一系列的 drought n. 干旱 独立主格结构 n. 超级干旱 山东省薛城舜耕实验学校 Shandongshengxuechengshungengshiyanxuexiao ... Many scientists believe that these droughts were the main reason why Maya civilisation began to collapse at different rates in different places. These droughts would have led to food shortages, conflicts and, ultimately, the downfall of the cities. Paragraph 5 舜德弘远 耕学载道 点评 ●提升 ...的原因 以不同的速度 lead to... 导致 adv. eventually finally n. 衰败 山东省薛城舜耕实验学校 Shandongshengxuechengshungengshiyanxuexiao Whatever the reasons, Maya civilisation largely disappeared within the deep jungle. Its once-great cities fell into ruin, leaving various mysteries for later people to solve. Meanwhile, the rise and fall of this civilisation must also leave us thinking about our own past, present and future. Paragraph 6 舜德弘远 耕学载道 点评 ●提升 衰落 败落 ruin n. 毁坏 破产 废墟 ？ adv. 与此同时 ...的兴衰 舜德弘远 耕学载道 山东省薛城舜耕实验学校 Shandongshengxuechengshungengshiyanxuexiao Comparing the highly-sophisticated civilisations of the Maya and Ancient China reveals some surprising similarities. They both possessed a detailed understanding of 1____________ and astronomy, which helped them maintain an accurate 2__________, and a complex 3______ _________ that used signs to represent sounds and meanings. It can therefore be difficult to explain why, despite their excellent construction skills, the Maya never learnt to use 4______ ________________________, while the ancient Chinese did. Facts such as these add to the mystery surrounding Maya civilisation, driving people to find out why it 5___________ while others, such as Ancient China, survived and thrived. 5. Complete the cultural comparison with information from the passage. 训练 ●巩固 adj. 复杂的 精巧的 v. 揭示 对...有详细的了解 v. 拥有 v. 维持 保持 非限定从 定语从句 adv. 因此 n. 建筑 而... 表前后对比 增添 drive people to do sth. 驱使某人做某事 v. thrive 繁荣 兴盛 舜德弘远 耕学载道 山东省薛城舜耕实验学校 Shandongshengxuechengshungengshiyanxuexiao Comparing the highly-sophisticated civilisations of the Maya and Ancient China reveals some surprising similarities. They both possessed a detailed understanding of 1____________ and astronomy, which helped them maintain an accurate 2__________, and a complex 3______ _________ that used signs to represent sounds and meanings... 5. Complete the cultural comparison with information from the passage. mathematics calendar writing system 训练 ●巩固 adj. 复杂的 精巧的 v. 揭示 对...有详细的了解 v. 拥有 v. 维持 保持 非限定从 定语从句 舜德弘远 耕学载道 山东省薛城舜耕实验学校 Shandongshengxuechengshungengshiyanxuexiao ... It can therefore be difficult to explain why, despite their excellent construction skills, the Maya never learnt to use 4_______________________________, while the ancient Chinese did. Facts such as these add to the mystery surrounding Maya civilisation, driving people to find out why it 5___________ while others, such as Ancient China, survived and thrived. 5. Complete the cultural comparison with information from the passage. wheels, metal tools or even animal power disappeared 训练 ●巩固 adv. 因此 而... 表前后对比 n. 建筑 增添 drive people to do sth. 驱使某人做某事 v. thrive 繁荣 兴盛 山东省薛城舜耕实验学校 Shandongshengxuechengshungengshiyanxuexiao KEY PHRASES 训练 ●巩固 舜德弘远 耕学载道 ...的结合 在...中起作用 把...变成... 可能... 处理 应付 一系列的 ...的原因 以不同的速度 导致 通向 衰落 败落 ...的兴衰 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ a combination of... play a part in... turn...into... it is possible that... deal with... a series of... the main reason why... at different rates lead to... fall into ruin the rise and fall of... 舜德弘远 耕学载道 山东省薛城舜耕实验学校 Shandongshengxuechengshungengshiyanxuexiao 总结 ●测评 5.__________, only after a couple of generations, the Maya civilisation 6. ____________ (disappear) within the deep jungle, leaving 7._________ (vary) mysteries for later people 8.__________ (solve).Some scientists believe that the droughts were the main reason why it collapsed. The droughts led to food 9. ___________ (shortage), conflicts and 10. ___________(ultimate), the downfall of the cities. 课文语法填空 shortages However disappeared various to solve ultimately 舜德弘远 耕学载道 山东省薛城舜耕实验学校 Shandongshengxuechengshungengshiyanxuexiao Para. 1 : Introduce the topic. Para. 2 : The ____________ of Maya civilisation. Para. 3 : The __________ of Maya civilisation. Para. 4-5 : The _______ for the disappearance of Maya Civilisation. achievements decline reasons Para. 4 : _________ causes Para. 5 : _________ causes Para. 6 : The mysteries of Maya Civilisation remain to be _______. human natural solved 总结 ●测评 舜德弘远 耕学载道 山东省薛城舜耕实验学校 Shandongshengxuechengshungengshiyanxuexiao 总结 ●测评 舜德弘远 耕学载道 山东省薛城舜耕实验学校 Shandongshengxuechengshungengshiyanxuexiao 总结 ●测评 HOMEWORK Sort out the notes and review them; Preview the next part. $